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where, vds and vqs are the d and q axis stator voltages, ids and iqs are
the d and q axis stator
currents, Rs is the stator resistance and r is the angular speed of the
generator. Ld and Lq are
the stator d and q axis self inductances and r is the rotor flux. Ld, Lq
are given by equation
3.17 and equation 3.18 [Wu et al. 2011].
where, J is the rotational inertia of the generator and Tm is the mechanical torque
for the
generator (in the case of the PMSG connected to a wind turbine, Tm is the torque
from the
turbine).
Using equations from equation 3.13 through to equation 3.20, a PMSG model has
been developed
in matlab/simulink as shown in Figure 3.5. Inputs for the model are d q axis
voltages and
mechanical torque. Rotor speed (r) as calculated through equation 3.20, is a
feedback to the
system. Number of pole pairs, d and q axis inductances, leakage inductance,
magnetic flux of
the rotor magnets, stator resistance and moment of inertia of rotor and load can
be initially set
for a particular size of the generator. As shown in Figure 3.5, d- axis current (ids),
q-axis current
(iqs) and electromagnetic torque (Te) are the outputs from the system as
calculated by equation
3.15, equation 3.16 and equation 3.19 respectively.
power available from the wind Generator (WG-combination of wind turbine and
PMSG systems
for a given wind speed) whenever the battery voltage is below the rated value,
and should keep
the battery voltage constant after it reaches the rated value.
The MPPT controller is
implemented with a buck DC-DC converter. The proposed MPPT is based on
directly adjusting
the converter duty cycle according to the result of the comparison of successive
PMSG output
power measurements.
Carvalho, P., Pontes, R., Oliveira, R. and Mesquita, S.B. (2004), Control method of
a photovoltaic powered reverse osmosis plant without batteries based on
maximum power
point tracking, IEEE/PES Transmisson Distribution Conf. Expo, pp. 137142.
Chiang, S. and chang, K. (1998), Residential photovoltaic energy storage
system, IEEE
Trans.Ind.Electron, Vol. 45, No. 03, pp. 385394.
Datta, R. and Ranganathan, V. (2003), A method of tracking the peak power
points
for a variable speed wind energy conversion system, In IEEE Transactions on
Energy
conversion, March, pp. 163168.
Dolara, A., Farand, R. and Leva, S. (2009), Energy comparision of seven mppt
techniques
for pv system, J. Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications, Vol. 3, pp. 152162.
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