The Wisdom of The Egyptians - 9781605064529

EASY !
READING SERIES

THE WISDOM OF THE EGYPTIANS

'ReIDigjon of Ancient Egypt" the Book of the Dead, the Wisdom~fHermes ! rismegistus, Egyptian Magic and the Book of'Thoth

BY BRIAN B,ROWN

www.forgottenbooks.org

ISBN 9781605064529

This is a FREE e-book from www.forgottenbooks.org

The first 15 pages of this e-book are high-quality, all other pages are low quality.

Also available in print as high-quality paperback from www.amazon.com

VERTICAL LINES

The vertical black lines appearing on most pages are deliberate. This is required to stop people from selling printed copies of our e-books. Our own printed books do not have these watermarks.

TERMS & CONDITIONS

This e-book may be distributed royalty-free.

This e-book may not be modified in any way.

This e-book may be printed for personal use only.

No pages may be extracted or removed from this e-book.

This e-book may not be included in any commercial package.

This e-book may not be sold.

Copyright © 2010 Forgotten Books AG

HIGH-QUALITY SAMPLE PAGE

Tl1c WiS~»1 of the £Sl1l'tiaYls

Join www.forgottenbooks.org to read this book in HIGH-QUALITY


Forgotten Books takes the upp most care to preserve the wording and images from the original book. However, his book has been scanned and reformatted from the original, and as such we cann t guarantee that it is free from errors or contains the [u /I content of the origina I.



The Wisdom 0 the Egyptians

Religion of Ancient Egypt the Book of the Dead, the Wisdom of Hermes Tris egistus, Egyptian Magic and the Bo k of Thoth



First published 1923

R published 2008 by Forgotten Books www·forgottenbooks.org



DID YOU KN W ••• ?

You can read any an all of our Thousands of books online for

FRE

Just visit:

www.forgottenb oks.org



vi 11



PUBLISHER'S PREFA E

About the Book

,-,

," " vii

'-"

Includes the Ptah-Hotep and the Ke'gemini, t e Wisdom of Hermes Trismegistus, a nd the Story ofthe Book of Thoth.



--

viii V



CONTENTS

PUBLISHER'S PREFACE VII

INTRODUCTION 1

THE STORY OF EGYPT 7

RELIGION OF ANCIENT EGYPT 28

THE PTAH-HOTEP AND THE KE'GEMNI: THE OLDEST BOOKS I THE WORLD 56

THE "BOOK OFTHE DEAD" 74

HERMES TRISMEGISTUS 101

EGYPTIAN MAGIC. 130

THE VISION OF HERMES 151

THE STORY OF THE BOOK OFTHOTH 159





INTRODUCT ON

The Wisdom of the Egyptians

IN ancient times the land that is now ailed Egypt was called by the people, th en in ha biting that pa rt of Afr ca, "Ka m," a word that mea ns "black" or "dark-colored" and referred 0 the dark color of the muddy soil in their land. To the Hebrews this name was known as "Kharn'' or "Ham" and in the Bible the Egyptians are r ferred to as "Sons of Ham" or "Children of Ham."

These people had a God ca lied "Pta h" to w om they ra ised a tem ple--the temple was called "He-Ka-ptah" or House f "Ka"--of "Ptah." This name, that was in the begin n i ng co nfined to "Me m his," grad ua lIy spread to other pa rts of the Nile Va lIey, a nd by degrees the whole cou ntry beca me known as "HeKapath," to other people with whom hese people had contact.

The Greeks changed the name into "Aigupt s" and the Romans changed it into "Aegyptus," so from these na mes we g t the na me in its prese nt form-"Egypt, "

To what race do the Egyptians belong? On t is subject Prof. James Breasted in his "History of Egypt" writes the following

"On the now bare and windswept desert p ateau, through which the Nile has hollowed its channel, there once dwelt race of men. Plenteous rains, now no longer known there, rendered it a fertile and productive region. The geological changes which have since made the country almost rainless, den ud ed it of vegetation a nd soil, a nd mad it for the most pa rt un in ha bitable, took place many thousands of year before the beginning of the Egyptian civilization, which we are to study but the prehistoric race, who before these changes peopled the plateau left behind them as the sole memorial of their existence vast numbers f rude flint implements, now lying scattered about the surface of th present desert exposed by den udation.

"These men of the paleolithic age were th first inhabitants of whom we have any knowledge in Egypt. They cannot be connected in any way with



z

ForgottenBooks.org

the historic or pre historic civil ization Egyptia ns a nd they fa II exclusively within the province of the g ologist and anthropologist. The forefathers of the people with whom we hall have to deal were related to the Libyans or North Africans on the on hand, and on the other to the peoples of eastern Africa, now known as he Galla, Somali, 8ega and other tribes.

"An invasion of the Nile Valley by Semi ic Nomads of Asia, stamped its essential character unmistakably upon th language of the African people there. The earliest strata of the languag accessible to us, betray clearly this composite origin. While still colored by its African antecedents, the language is in structure Semitic. It is m reover a completed product as observable in our earliest preserved exa pies of it; but the fusion of the Libyans and East Africans with the Nile alley peoples continued far into historic times, and in the case of the Li yans may be traced in ancient h istorica I docu ments for th ree thousa nd y a rs 0 r more.

"The Semitic immigration from Asia, exam les of which are also observable in the historic age, occurred in an epoch hat lies far below our remotest h istorica I horizon. We sha II neve r be a bl to determi ne when, nor with certainty through what channels, it took p ace, although the most probable route is that along which we may observe a similar influx from the deserts of Arab ia in historic times, the isth mus of uez, by wh ich the Moha mmeda n invasion entered the country.

"While the Semitic language which they b ought with them left its indelible impress upon the old Nile Valley people the nomadic life of the desert which the invaders left behind them, evi ently was not so persistent, and the religion of Egypt, that element of life hich always receives the stamp of its environment, shows no trace 0 the desert life. The affinities observa ble in the la nguage are confi rme incase of the Libya ns, by the surviving products of archaic civilization i the Nile Valley such as some of the early pottery, which closely resembl s that still made by the Libyan Kabyles. Again the representations of the early Puntites, or Somali people, on the Egyptian monuments, show strikin resemblances to the Egyptians themselves. The examination ofthe bodie exhumed from archaic burials in the Nile Valley, which we had hoped mig t bring further evidence f or the settlement of the problem, has, howe er, produced such diversity of opinion among the physical anthropologi s, as to render it impossible for the h istoria n to obta in decisive resu Its fr m the ir resea rches. The concl u-



The Wi dom ofthe Egyptians

sion nce maintained by some historians, that the Egyptian was of African negro origin is now refuted; and evidently indicated that at most he may have een slightly tinctured with negro blood, in addition to other ethnic elem nts already mentioned."

THE EGYPTIAN RELIGION

If we ere called upon to characterize the Egyptian religion in a few words, we should call it, both as a system and as a cult, an almost monarchical polyt eism in a theocratic form. The Egyptian polytheism was not purely mona chical, for there were several divine monarchies; and only by the some hat a rbitra ry doctrine that a II the ch ief gods we re in rea lity the sa me under different names, could the semblance of monarchy be maintained. But t is religion was undoubtedly theocratic in the strictest sense of the word. The divinity himself reigned through his son, the absolute king, his incar ation and representative on earth. The priesthood of Amon, stren the ned by its victory ove r the he retic, a nd by the measu re less wea Ith which the munificence of successful conquerors poured into its lap, had attain d the most tremendous power in the state; and when, after a long time, ts members had reduced the king to weak tools in their hands, and succe ded at last in usurping the throne itself, the theocracy was altered in form nly, but not in its essence. The place of the king highpriest was taken by th high priest-king. But even this change was of short duration. Against anoth r power no less favored by the kings of the new empire, the power of th army (composed for the greater part of hired foreign troops), the priest y prin ces proved una ble to kee p their grou nd. They had to leave the cou nt ,a nd in Eth iopia th ey fou nded a new sacerdota I kingdom. Still the rule f the kings, who sprang from this military revolution, was purely

But t is only characterizes the form of the Egyptian religion. If we search for th lead i ng thought, conta ined in a II its myths and sym bois, and ina II its instit tions and ce remon ies, it may best be comprised in the wo rd "life." The si n of life (ankh) is the holiest and the most commonly used of all the symb Is. The gods bear it in their hands, hold it to the lips of their worshippers, and pour it out in streams over the heads of their favorites. For th y actually give life, now by the light which they continually cause to trium h over the powers of darkness, again by the regular recurrence of the f uctifying waters, or by mysterious operations in the centre of the earth. And hence they set such store on the possession of the lawful king.



4

ForgottenBooks.org

He, the son of the sun, was the living pledge th t these blessings should not cease. His coronation was an agricultural fe tival, the beginning of the harvest; his greatest care was to spread the waters of the Nile through canals as far as possible over the fields. From t is arose also their great fear of death and eternal darkness, and the effo s and sacrifices which they made to secure an eternal existence, either i the fertile land of Osiris, or as a follower of the god of light, and, as it is ut, "to obtain the crown of life."

Entirely swayed by these ideas, the Egyptian, a though his religious thinking did not stand still, clung to the existing state 0 things; he did not relinquish what was old. He may have connected differe t ideas with it; but the holy texts which he muttered during the Ptolemea era were often the same as those his ancestors had uttered at the altar and the tombs more than thirty centuries ago. The nature of the land hich bore and fed him had im printed a pecu lia r sta mp on his re ligion. M reover, h is rei igion beca me to him more and more the only thing of su reme value. Treasures, the fruits of his industry, and all the skill which wa the product of his remarkable civilization, he spent on the building and he decorating of his tombs and temples. Those of Amon at Thebes gradually became the largest in the world. His whole literature, even that whi h was not destined for a religious purpose, is, with a few exceptions, sa urated by a religious spirit.

Many of the virtues which we are apt to sup ose a monopoly of Christian culture appear as the ideal of these old Egypti ns. Brugsch says a thousand voices from the tombs of Egypt declare this. 0 e inscription in upper Egypt says: "He loved his father, he honored his m ther, he loved his brethren, and never went from his home in bad-tem er. He never preferred the great man to the low one." Another says: "I w s a wise man, my soul loved God. I was a b rothe r to the great men a nd a fa her to the humble ones, and never was a misch ief-ma ke r." An inscription at Sais, on a priest who lived in the sad days of Camybses, says, "I honored my father, I esteemed my mother, I loved my brothers. I found grav s for the unburied dead. I instructed little children. I took care of orphans as though they were my own children. For great misfortunes were on gypt in my time, and on this city of Sa is."

In speaking ofthe ancient books of Egyptian wi dom--the "Ptah-Hotep" and the "Ke-Gem n i," Dr. Battiscombe Gu n n says: I Nor do the oldest boo ks of any other country approach these two in ant quity. To draw comparisons



The Wisdom of the Egyptians

between them let us, in imagination, place ourselves at the period at which Ptah-hotep lived, that is, about B.C. 3550, under King lsosi, and take a glance at futurity.

"The Babylonians are doubtless exercising their literary talents; but they wi II leave noth i ng wo rthy the na me of book to the fa r pos e rity of fifty-fou r centuries hence. Thirteen centuries shall pass before Hammurabi, king of Babylon, drafts the code of laws that will be found at tha time. Only after two thousand years shall Moses write on the origin 0 things, and the Vedas be arranged in their present form. It will be two-an -a-half thousand years before the great king of Jerusalem will set in ord r many proverbs and write books so much resembling, in form and style, t at of Ptah-hotep; before the source and summit of European literature w II write his world epics. For the space of yea rs betwee n Solomon and 0 u rse es, great though it see m, is not so great as that betwee n Solomon a nd Pta h-hotep."

Dr. Wallis Budge sums up the Egyptian character thus: "A ood general idea of the average Egyptian can be derived from the monuments and writings that have come down to us. In the first place he was a v ry religious man. He worshipped God and his deified ancestors, offer d sacrifices and offerings to the dead, and prayed at least twice daily, .e., morning and evening. He believed in the resurrection of the dead through Osiris, and in the life everlasting, and was from first to last confident th t those who had led righteous lives on earth were rewarded with happin ss and lived with Osiris in heaven, a nd that the wicked on ea rth wer pu n ished with annihilation in the next world. His deep-seated interest in religion had a very practical object, namely, the resurrection of his s irit-body and his soul's future happiness in heaven. His conscience was w II developed and made him obey religious, moral, and civil laws without q estion; a breach of any of these he atoned for, not by repentance, for hich there is no word in his language, but by the making of offerings. In al religious matters he was strongly conservative, and his conservatism led him to hold at the same time beliefs that were not only inconsistent wit each other, but sometimes flatly contradictory. In reality his religious bo ks are filled with obsolete beliefs, many of which were contradicted by his religious observances. He had a keen sense of humor and was asily pleased. He loved eating and d rin ki ng, music and da ncing, fest iva Is a nd processions, and display of all sorts and kinds, and he enjoyed him elf whenever an opportunity offered. Over and over again the living are ex orted to eat and drink and enjoy themselves. His morality was of the hig est kind, and he


tho usnly u hu ane, he ';.ni rer.:lrierJ als of th

rvins and ~Joi d wnen nd bl!!'love bV hi!; s wrung f m hlm HI!!' WeI'!! i t.e n'!!e Iv m _ i:l.an nd med lei e rna n.

ns nd am 11!!'t.'!! of all k nds, He

·Th influen on ne c:1\ri11 Ihl!!' lea'!!! kn

and e n _ H I!; 'I!!'I leus ole r.a 10 n

on. and e wi ned a I'll'!!

ratur

ove, im.all!!'d_ I

ry hI!!' pr i:l.aiml!!'d In h '!! rlgn V Del!!'n na

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm Boou

I I I

E YPT n.a b~ n c:.alled t e "Fatne, of HI iviliz:.ul n" a nd well nu '!!hl!!' bl!!' i:alled hI!!' a nci nt wo,1d must n.aVl!!' b~ n g'l!!'.a Greek hilO'!lof:l V. wa'!! .a '!!tudl!!'n of Egyptla n tho

tneir I eorll!!'!p Ihl!!' u nive r'!!1!!' as wl!!'ll as Ihl!!'l

Herod u'!!...a G vivid d serl ptio of tne eou ntry and f:lI!!'Of:lle. at t .a pleder !P Sic:u lu • .a G'l!!'l!!'k Ir.ave

he. Ilk He rodotu'!!.. g f:lMple !:Iy fa r Ine me give n Sua Do Ihl!!' gtl!!'at geog of D- orus. A ut 90 A. D .• PI rk that E.gy he icleals anrJ t

THE

Inll!!'re!rtlng. as f:lhe, of G'~i:I!!'. reh 'Mot!!!' hi'!! leglsrs torJay

rJition';. ot ancie

aecu .ale. ceo WCI'!! con mf:l ratl!!'d lre.all I!!' 0

he sources to , Ausu';te Ma st in val e a nd in q uant-

ples, I'a aces, rem bs, , beca se they have he arJva nrage of b evirJen of the events whic:h th y record. They h d isrin ion, a'S he secret of th my.;teriou'S w - - covere wa'S, u til lately, lo';t,: nd it wa';. rJifficu antiq u· anyth IT1O.-e tha n" less 'Stone'S, de eishtv- -ve yea aso there a p a red, in the pe sen ius, who su eeded, by his leeen in';.i,ght, in per.:ted lisht Ul' n the rJa rkness of the f8yJnian

olrJ 1T10 ument ';.0 Ions 'Silent.. u';.erJ th eir voir.:e

nde r, anrJ the of bysone d

d to the moc:Ie r

e mon u rnenrs 0 [ects of hopele'S stone here in may b read, in legible - h wh i h they we.-e co ernpera neeus,

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm OOU I I I

_. foraDltom1.noh.lII1 I ·-·ri----

I

zm n FDlJ'Dllm Boou

I I

-.~ob.lII1

I I

• ~eJrt to the mon u me nt';. in i writt€n by Ma netbe, an IEs'fIn it'!! I!!' If In exl!O't.l!!'ni:l!!'. we eou Id birtn .and f:I,il!!"!!t bV f:I,ok!,!!!plon mV'!!«! rles of hls re ligion. m IltI!!'tatu'l!!'. for ne w.a!P .a G reI!!' i:omf:lletl!!' nl!pmry of 1'1 I'!! own book mday it. wou Id t.e a f:I'f:I,ie'!!t f:ll!!'rl!pned. .along wltn Iltl!!'tatu,l!!'. tne bu,ning of tne of it. a re a k!w fr.agmenl!p f:I'l!!'

p,of. Walli'!! Budgl!!' wrltll.!"!! wea pon'!! In.al haw t.el!!'n fou n in E.mrpt... .and tn.al .a,1!!' genii.!' Neollthii: pe,iod. LI!!' .• Ihl!!' NI!!'W Ihl!!' eou ntry wa'!! in n.abit.ed b SWnII.!' /\gl!!' _ Tne q uastlens tn.a Who we,1!!' tneV? To what r.a whl!!"l!!' did thl!!'V come from eha pt.I!!', il i'!! imf:lo!P'!!ibll!!' W a rguml!!'n IS of whic:n Ine'!!l!!' f:I,inclf:la I theorles, old .and ne Eg~Ii.an a rc:n~logv. I!!'ven numbl!!" of f.ai:u. whic:n will lOleta bly i:oui!!'rt.: a nd. as lim are pe rfl!!'rted. ou r knowll!!'dg dll.!'Cl!plw eha r.atte, _ Tne huma gr.ave'!! in Eg~1 f:I'ove tn.al In Eg~1 wl!!'re Af,ic:.an!p • .and tne a kl n 10 all Ine ether Inha blta great geologi!:al cn.ang!!!' took Ihl!!' sea that ertll.!'ndl!!'d as fa r sell of Egypt... thelr a nD.!'!rtO rs eceu pled tne l.and m.adl!!' bV I the Oelta ca n not be ';.iJid, for lEs'flnian trarJition of the Oyn

ns wa'5 Pu nr, and t ouSh ou r inform ti i';. of the vasue';t ha ... acre .... it i';. QU it wa'5 in C€nt"'a I , tlme!p I uga nd.a_' ne re 'IJI\a!P in a II f:I ~I and Pu nt. a n !:aravan'!! mu!rt 1'1 Ihl!!' olne r at 11!!'.a!rt ones .a ye.a, _ In sea WI!!"I!!' de!pp.,m:: ed 10 tne f:l0n products of thl!!' ee uy. wn Ii::h we,1!!' thl!!' Pu ntlle'!! wn e rI!!' '!!I!!'ttll!!'d In Egy

r.al

souther n perti n fenill!!' !.and of y who hl!!'.a,d of t ls

d 10 Ihl!!' good an that foreign f:lMpl rde r 10 parta Ice of s products and n bAnk· ·Liby.an!P··.a d thl!!' dWl!!'III!!'f'S I with Ine n.allve Eg and n.alf· neg'o Irl s In Ihl!!' Suda n. I Neolitn le II me!p • .a con'!!ide r.able nu

on uld

r.ait'!! of B.ib a I·Man ib at Ihl!!' '!!oulhl!!' I!!'ir

ne eou ntty whl!!'re ne compa r.allvel s. ju'!!t as Ine I, dl!!' I!!'nda nts did se I!!' tn ree I _ HI!!"I!!' tnev wou Id ind tnem!Pe 1vII.!'!P ot on Iv in

a I!PO De in touch w h tne uiDe'!! II\ri tne '!!!'go

moria I. alluviAl gol has bl!!'e n fou nd In Ine s.emile'!! must .aVl!!' m.adl!!' tneir SUl!!'l. and thl!!"l!!' ls 0 eeu Dt. that by I II!!' rna rrlag tnev e

I eha r.aal!!'rl!rtli::!p ma ny of thl!!' n ti ,Otn rs • .a.g,.ai. ust

d Eg~1 by w.aV tne Vl!!'ry .ani::ll!!'nl ea .av.an ro til.!' tn ro g thl!!'

m.inat. wn Ii::h left I!!' RI!!'d SI!!'.a M.a, h mode r town f u'!!~,

na in u ppe' Eg 1_ It i'!! im sl bll!!' hin k

no '!!I!!'.agolng Do.a !P i whicn RI!!'d

on Ine eeast a orth as tne l!rtn u Id CM'S!P OVl!!" I

he Oe Ita fore i,gn in ue rices lor.:1ri traders of a I ki ds fro

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm Boou I I

• a nd fro..., the -

CI had co a~ only lion of tn

m~d. I

I!!' of wor ing In coppe'. a '!! .abll!!' do ma ny In lng'S f:l1!!" d rlll!io hl!!'V pe rfotatl!!'d VII.!'!io'!! I!!' I nd with e f:lf:Il!!'r kn M:!!io .and men. n mals, I!!'t.C:.. with a !iokill tha known w to f:I'o uo:! fl,1!!' a nd on!!!'

te s 1'1 !:Of:lf:ll!!'r. I nunv ~!iopeCl!io

f:ll!!'rlod s not g, Ily unlike that In

1!!'.a,lie n of Ihl!!' d~a'!!tic: pe rled,

ght !PAV. unlie'!!. wn leh at

. Eai:h d I ria n.ad Its own

ne rs 'We re pro I of ear.:h vi lase rnusr nave e

e zm n FlllJ'Dllm OOU

I II

-. I

n mes of ~ta I king!p of

u t..chna r • .a d Ml!!'kha. It ls u pe' Egypt. wl!!'~ gM:! n on fa 1=I'0~!P n.al.al In.al Ii '!! p.atat.e.an Indl!!'pe ndenl nta I ned .a '!!I!!',je!p of an n.al !P of th 1=I'I!!'·d~n.a!Ot.ii: ki dd II!!' of t e fifth d~a'!!fV p Ini:ip.al fe I\ra I'!! that we,1!!' tne Nile leed 'f'.!'a rly. g!ioe hl!!'ign we ~ asearta I to a rock on t

I=Ihi'!!- The ne ign Ing tne deg~e

n in eu blu. pa lms, f ls nOI c:Ie t, but It rlvl!!', bank. 0' on .a '!!

of Ihl!!' NilI!!' thl!!'

l=I'o!Ppe rlry f Ihl!!' ee

'!! 'ltaluabll!!' s prebabls

ady sa Id In.al t e natlvl!!' Af' nell!!'

nlin u.ally fro Ihl!!' south, .and we

!P'!! of '1!!'Inforc:emenl ptla ns In ul=ll=ll!!" E,mrpt. .a

ulh witno t d Iffic:u Iry. Thl

on on!!!' !pIon at 11!!'.a!rt..

ried begA pt.. Thi'!! w 1m took

, Eg~1 wa'!! tn.al Ihl!!' d that Ihl!!' n frem thl!!' Indl!!'finit.l!!'ly. Ine dyn.a!rtli: .a'!!t '!! we down upon

'1!!"!!1=Ii!!'rt'!! !ioe ms 10 h 'It I!!'n!p1 il.a, 10 tn.al

of Nubi • wn I!!' e plla I w.a!P .al

PI.inkh NubiA. thl!!'

d EgYI=II elesa of the ffi!!'rt of In I'!!

ra • .aboul 720 '!! ulhl!!'rn fol .and Ine I, lead ·dyna'!!tl pe,iod did not ·dyna'!!tl inva'!!ion upon

invade WI!!'~ mo~ 1'1

d if wI!!' a su ml!!' Ihi'!! WI!!'

f' m tne ntry now ea lie

as tne old Ir.ad ha-s been en

u!rt assume tn.al tne c:onq ue'l!!'d_ ust funhl!!'r assume I!!' I .adl!!'r'!! c:.aml!!'

Aby'!!!plnia nd Ine nes 0 th '!!oulh of 11_

today a hI!!' I Blul!!' Nile ea r.av.an 'f tn captain';. of t e fim tau.-


I I I I

'!!1I!t'!! fonn In at R.i. H.um.a .• Ine eou ntry of all thl!!' f:I I!!' ea'!!ll!!'rn Suda n. In thl!!' 36 ypt.. .and O'Ltl!!'rcomlng a II 1'1 I'!! followl!!'r'!! at EdfQ, H.aw:i O'!:I!!' to Ihl!!' '!!oulhl!!'.a!rt of hs, a rmll!d with !ppe.ars.an ehsi

nd utte,1y defe.ared Ihl!!'m r a pi

boably Ihl!!' natlvi!!"!! .a,ml!!'d IIh

Ihl!!'m'!!1!!' n mort.al com boal with fo I!!'lgn

1'1 i, defl!!'.al wa'!! u n.avoida bll!!' Soon din foro:! 10 tne nerrhe !rt of bes, whl!!'re Iney we'l!!'.ana kl!!'d.a Ie look f:l1.a!:1!!' .a I itt I I!!' late, 0 .al He uth of Me mph ls, and Ho,u eut u thelT1 to the 80rJ';., Ho ru';. hen herever he d icI battle wit the

.a.g,.a i n d efe a te n • abe ut on!!!' h m.anv of 1'1 I'!! d rsued the ene he rJefearerJ th

RiVl!!'r'!! • .a who Il!!'rr Mandl in f:lMple!p Ihl!!' I!!'.a!rt

ens the invad ers who ca IT1 by t

'5 IT, the remote a ncesrors the

anrJ r.:osnate tribes, and Smite';., rom Asia to Af,ic:.a. We hav no d· we .anv druil'!! of it... and w n.aVl!!'

e it..: but in .an in'!!!:,iptlon f thl!!' mf:lle of EdfU in uf:lf:ll!!'r Eg pt.. In Ihi'!! In!:oC:rlf:llion Ihl!!' 'III

ea lied • MI!!'!Pn lu," 0' II alae wno ea me f

. i.e.. from .a eou ntry to Ih sour of Egypt.. and I!!' '!!oulhl!!'.a!rt, Tn ls vll!!'W agr !P q u II well wllh what .

c: pe,iod. fer thl!!' pha raehs I!!'n n.a to fighl hordes

I!!'!P se f.a, !ioOuth .a'!! thl!!' W ire N I and tne G.a I

ne I, de!ioC:e nd.anrs Wl!!'re f:I'o a bly De fe u nd in Ih

Ine Rom.an!p. .and tne • • wno fougnt

own II me!p, Tne,1!!' may ha .a !:onqul!!"!!l of

I I!!' we'!!t of Eg~1 .al on I!!' ti I!!'. an anether by tne

nOlne r time. 0' tne en!!!'m !P of f:l1 on Dotn

ul!!' N III!!"!! may have invade tne ntry togethl!!".

f thl!!' inscriptlo n. thl!!' !:onre t'!! of nlm we will n t .al thl!!' kl ng of tne !PO uth a d hi'!! nd then 10Wl!!'r E.mrpt,

Ihl!!' pur i'!! to sh uf:lf:ll!!'r Eg

o lBI FDlJ'Dllm Boou -.~ob.DI1

II I I I I

be I Set a ppea 'blar.:~mith';., I' b Horus dre ';. with hi';. chain, a nd the cu

rs, Horu'!! thl!!'n ill!!'d 0

in druil • .and dl!!' hi !rt of I

a '!!I. wne,1!!' yptlan'!! w eples in t nde, !:omf:l n Ive rs.a L .a

I";. and fouS ';.p.ea r into S ';. hearJ, anrJ a ms in Ihl!!' lIa • .and r of tne wno e of thl!!' arm of tne N Ie to Ihl!!' p.anie!p of Ih "black!P on thl!!' 'igh .and len

• I d II!!' E,mrpt.; U'!! Ihl!!'

I!!'d Ihl!!' !:ounl f:lI!!'Of:lle of ua en sa lied bae dl!!"l!!'d .a !ioYm !ioYmbol 'I!!'fe it.. .and Ihl!!' temenl rm of Ine '!! n-ged in n.aVl!!' co me rom thl!!' n.ave found n.al thl!!'

ns, IlkI!!' of thl!!'

Y worsn If:If:I tha su n

Ip of thl!!' m on wa!p re of .a ki d quit!!!'

l!!'!Pen a nd a ng Ihl!!'

BEGI'IIINI'IIIG

I!!'n thl!!' fo, '!! of Ihl!!' ul.all!!'r Hello lis· ·Ihl!!' I!!'ncefortn a til I!!' 10 ea II Ihi'!! mlgnty· n It!!!', of

. I!!' tr.aditlon. ic:n 'IJIi.a!P

~I. In thl!!' I irtel!!'nln na; Ihi'!! ltad ion WeI'!! fo, tney all ag'l!!'e In

E m'NASTI

e zm n FlllJ'Dllm OOU

I I II I

, In.n 'l!!'p~'!!l!!'n tnAI kings of ne fl Iho!ioe of hl!!'!ioe

name'!! n

ide ntifh::a - n!p

1·2

3·5

7·8

s-ic HI!!'

ANCI EM IRE

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm OOU I

ThIll'W'l1don1 'lllIII'E.IYPtf;I '"!--. U
,<",.
MIO EMPI
11-13 Theban 666
14 Xoite 1St
Is-n Hyk';.OS (0 ltal Sl1
~E EMPIFt
18-.20 Theban S93
.21 Tanite 130
.2.2 Buba';tite no
.23 Tanite ss
24 Sai~ 6
25 Elhioplan 50
26 Sai~ 138
27 ~f'Slan 121
28 Sai~ 7
29 Ml!!'nLilll'!!ia 21
30 Se t.e n n vtI!!' 38
H ~f'Slan 8
PRI PALKI
["'" 111111111111111. 11111111111111. , """'1""""'" I I I I I I I I I I I ~
........... ~~.~ ... .~.~ ...... .J
i ..... .............................. .. ............................ e zm n DIJ'DIIm Boou II I

.111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111111 II 1111111

~ Teta

~ 2

~ -. ~ ..

'_'_'_'r

----14

""~'"

~ 5

.... 1

---~ 6

····1

""""1"''''''''''''''''''''

-:::11>

····1

'_'_'_1 .

~ I(hufu

:) ..

~ Khafta

~ Una';.

~ Teta

:) ..

~ Pepi I

~ P~plll

:0. •••••••••••

~ Queen NilOCrl

~ Amen- rn-hat

~ Am~n· m-har I

~ Ame n- rn-hat II

~ U-sert"; n I

:0. •••••••••••

....................................

"""""'" ,~


I I I

1111111 11111111111111111111111111111111

i AIT1 en-em-bat 1\

~'I'I'I'I'I'I '1'1'1'1'1'1'1'1'1'1'1'1'1'1'1'1'1'1

i Sekp. nen-Fta

"""""" """1

................. ······r········ .

17

----- ----------- - ------ --------- --------------

------- ------------------ -------- ----- ----------- - ------

i Am~n·not.ef:lll

i"~~~~~~~~'~"'" """" """ """"'" '"''''

i""" """"""""'" """" "'" """""" , """

i AIT1p.n-norel' III

:............ .. ..

i AIT1p.n-norel' IV

:------- ------------------ -------- ----- ----------- - ------

i Ak~ n.non

.............. .. ..

i SII.!'MI'e n kh kara-« , Saa ~ a r.a

:1111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111

i Tut~nkna:ton-a ~er Tu .jJnlr;~.jJmon

1 .

I __ ~_~ _1 ----------- _

i R.':U'~'!!I!!"!! II 19

:------- ------------------ -------- ----- ----------- - ------

i Mil.!' II.!'npUh

',','~~~~,~',;,;,;,',',',',',',',',' ',',',',',',',', """ ,',',',',',',',',',',' " ,',',',',"l'·'~~·'·'·'· .,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,

i He HOI" .21

------------------ -------- ----------- - ------- --------- --------------

e zm n DIJ'DIIm Boou

I I I

Am~n·not.ef:ll

i""" """"""""'" """" "'" """""" , """

i Thc~hlT1e';. II

!............ .. ..

i Qu en Ha:t";hel' U

:------- ------------------

i 'rhe thmes III

IS

-.~ob.lII1

II

11

......................

-·~""r""""""""""·

~ 25

.. · .... 1

---------------------- ---------::

....... ~

~26

· ·1"""""",,· """"

.............. i

------1 so

....... ~ .

EIGHT NT H OYNAm

rest of the Ir;ins of E8YI't--the The na me Th hlT1e';. mean';. mons the a nc nt E8Yl'tian';., of ware..- an wine to Tu m, eliol'oli';., 0 n t e hieroslyl'hic ';.ins of Soth is, he Q08--sta..-, i';. , n-olT1 which - al'l'ea rs that bout 14510 B-C- Thi';. i';. one of


II I

IDn8e-Q to tee ighreen h rJ a';J;y, whic:n inc! erJ some of

Egyptia n IT1 narchs. A n8 he leins'S of tn i';. yna';ty we.-e

ne na me .and feur Ihl!!' n.aml!!' e Aml!!'nopn I'!!.

a rch!p of In I'!! n.a!Oty we re

rrl t, HI!!' !:onqul!!'red I!!' Ca naa n I·

Ihl!!' R utl!!'nnu. Ih !:onfedl!!'tatl!!' introd uesd wa r eha riots .and

.are w.auior eha n 1'1 I f.alhl!!'r; .and

Ine climax of har g .aIM'!!!P, HI'!!

h e:w:tl!!'nded Ihl!!' oml n lens of

I!!' 'IJI\a!P a king of .al c:.af:lacity cords of 1'1 ls ea m a Ign'!! .a,1!!' fer su rrou nd I ng tne re.al re mpll!!' rAmen· R.a_ From hl!!"!!l!!' nll!!',og·

In.al Th es' irstgtl!!'aHamp.a" n wa'!! m.adl!!'

hls re Ign. wne .an e:W:f:ll!!'ditlon !P made inlO

p.aIe'!!tIM A f II aeceunr of hi'!! rehes and

with .a I

oweve,. wa reign Egy Ihl!!' eighl ia and Ihl!!' I

'1!!"!!I!!'rvi!!'d on bV 'rhorhm ns It appsa nd 'fI!!'a, a etl!!'f. In.al I logethl!!'

d bl!!'fo,1!!' t e timl!!' of J _ 1'1 thl!!' a

til!!' Cana.anite no

tne f:laui.a,m!p .and tn _ Tn 1'1 me'!! !Pet out • hI!!' procel!!'di!!'d. of P.all!!"!!tine_ At 0f:l!P of natlvl!!' f:I

Ie of PC! le!rtIM nothme!P pursue hi'!! ma rch 10 Ihl!!'n retu,ning ml!!"lJl\a,d by le!rtIM. ne ,I!!'tu ed 10 Eg~1

rnnque'!!t of itn hls army V way oftne e battle of

asain'5t the nackerJ anrJ

e zm n DIJ'DIIm Boou

I I

ca pture lri:ade';.n, a 'StronS 10

town the f;: utennu, rh e Ir;i

and ul'ied the wons to

Eu ph r.n _ He tnen Il!!'d hls ee Ihl!!' Tlgr !P and Ihl!!' EUf:!htatl!!'!p. A'!!!pU r b !:ame 1'1 I'!! v.a!P'!!a ls, and

• and the capital to Me'Sol'ota rnia, he banks of the

s, N IMVl!!'n. and

Punl or Ar.abia WCI'!! alse '!!ubd Cu!Pn or Etn 10f:!ia_ Hi'!! fll!!'et of Ihl!!' BI.a k Sea, Thu!p Tholh meunra ns of Ca ueasus 10 Ih

Liby.an '!!I!!'rt 10 thl!!' g'I!!'.a1 r

I!!'r Ihl!!' 'lJl\a11!!'r'!! of nding from Ine .an. a nd from Ine

d l'!!tlngu lsh I ng him '!! III 'IJI\a!P one of tne great temf:!11!!' of Am

fo'!!tl!!'rl c:.a,I!!' • .and hI!!' bl!!'ga n

age'!! which hi'!! '!!i!rtl!!', ras n.a i fila

e r di'!!like of hI!!" brot ,T

a 'I!!'rnrd wtire r, rs .and patrons of !:ial objll!Ct of hi'!! tore, by ref:!a I,ing lo,iou'!! I!!'d 1f1!:1!!' to

f:! 'I!!"'!! I!!'n I ra n I'll!!' ed 1f1!:1!!'. u nde r I

f:!'0!:1!!'e d 10 build In Ihl!!'

pills red eha mbar of d Iml!!'n!plo WCI'!! an blong squa rs, OM 1'1 fel!!'l wi I!!'. 0' nea rly n.alf as la of th ls p.anml!!'nl wa'!! roofe eireu la r pillArs tn Iny fl!!'et In into thr I!!' .aVll.!'n uas. wn ill!!' on f:!ie rs. II funhl!!'r e:w:ll!!'nd I ng into filt long w:i'!!ta'!!_ In !:onn north. st, and south. Tholh I!!' fo,ml!!'r !pl'luated

arasu had threwn I!!',n prof:!~.a of eentra I sanetua ry re placed by Ine

prln!:l!!'. who tne n n 1f1!:l!!'nt hall or ~I_ Tn ls edifi!:e long by flfty·flve I!!'dta L Thl!!' whole na: IWO row'!! of I pa rt. d I\rid I ng it

a row of squa re nd bre.aking it uf:! th,1!!'1!!' !pldl!!"'!! of it.. I!!'r'!! .and corridors. tne "G reat T .able

down.

One of ne mest Inll!!'re!rtlng P the tim inrJi'l'icl uali'St of histo thi'S ac u nt of h i';. Ir;ing;.n i p:

ton. who i'!! ea lied a Iii'S Budse Sive'S

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm OOU

I I II

l'Ame -Hetep--Alchna:ton-wa'S the 'Son of A e he re- erJ a bout twenty yea rs, Whethe r d latal .afb.!-, hls f.alne r's dl!!'.alh ls nOI k n littll!!'. fer II i!p quill!!' i:l!!'l"t..ain tn.al fo

actual ru ler of Eg~I. a nd that '!!hl!!' I!!' we rI!!' it'!! lawfu I !iOVe reign_ Hi'!! wife origin IlkI!!' hi'!! motne,. a lse ebta In ic:n Wl!!'re nOI u!pu.ally e nJoved by by the monuml!!'nl!P. in wn Ich bOlh as eLl ls In IIl'Itl!!'ry re'!!f:l1I!Cl of Aml!!'n· netl!!'f:I I prornl eni:1!!' '!!imila r to thO'SI!!' of Ihl!!' kin ref:l'l!!' nlation!p of Ame n ·hl!!'t.ef:l IV '!!how

we re oily of .a nen- Egyptla n eha raerer, n

1'1 ign Iy nl!!'NOu!P and '!!I!!'n'!!itlvi!!' d lspositlon, dei:i'!!i n. full of prejudic:e!p. !Pelf·will • .and 0 pr.artli:a I In I!!'U'e ry m.ane r i:onnll!Cle .and Asl.atli: provl ness, whic:n had

I!!'!P III • .and Ihl!!' '!!tory of tne brea k- 10 hi'!! we.aknl!!'!io'!! and inc:.af:laciry - .a n hi'!!tory_ H ls .allen blood. dl!!'rlved f '!!i!!'d to develof:l in hlm .a multlludl!!' .an • .a gove,nml!!'nl tn.al wl!!'re dl!!'t.eruble ehara I!!'rl'!!tli:!p ne neitne, rei:ogn lted no r n.ad n trua '!!ymp.alhv- wne n hI!!' a'!!!:e nded of na !P that f:I,od.aimi!!'d to a II EgYPI tn d iffI!!" nt cn.ataCll!!'r frem tnO'SI!!' ne Id bV Ihl!!' of Ine I!!' re!Pe mbll!!'d tne deetrines of Ihl!!' Su He lio 11!p. bUI others we,1!!' obno:w:iou'!! to th .and g ndf.alhl!!'r probAbly hl!!'ld e:w:ac:tly Ihl!!' did In y look !:a'1!!' not 10 .allow Ihl!!'m to diu nor 10 intl!!'uuf:ll tne bu!ioinl!!"!!!P of tne '!!tate_ A e

ferm wor'!!hip. a nd. to a II intenl!P and

c:.alll!!'d Il!!'n, Now Aten WeI'!! we II known 10 '!!01A' isk, .and Ihll.!'Y had Del!!'n f.amilla r wbut A I!!'n· netl!!'P IV asslgn i!!'d to hlm new.a

to de rlbe, HI!!' taught that Are n 'IJIi.a!P tne u powe that made ilSl!!'lf rna n Ife!rt in tne for 'Wa';. t e sou rce of all lire in heaven a nd a to Aren a menetbeisric r.:ha racte r, r

c:.auied oul w.a!P preba bly of uthoriry In e faets .a,1!!' pre!Penll!!'d aC!:o,dl!!'d

e zm n IIIJ'DIIm Boo

II I I II II

zz '", F-Oi",JOn"'"" •
~~"
eve I" od, but wh n '!He read t
rJ iffir.: u It to
en-Fta, 01" Ra, 01" of any
ml!!' ·hetl!!'p IV lM:!d .n Tnebl!!'!P. but
uar I!!'lling artiVll.!'ly witn tne f:I,i !P
- who!Pe god n.nion 10 him, A'!! king hI!!' ad
'!! at hls e id '!! build Ing .a sa nClua ry ea led
Tnebe!P. hI!!' A n at va rleus plaoss in Eg pt...
nt n tne !.ane r i:ounuy wa'!! m
r S.adl!!'ngCI h. wne re hi'!! f.a ner
hil!rt In I'!! work wa'!! goin on
bl!!' n.amme,1!!'d out frem Ine
n e:w:i'!!ting numents. a uf:lf:l'I!!'!io'!!1!!'d bV evety me.a In
i:ult'!! of In ether geds, uen an Inloleta nt rellglou'!! fa n lie:
O'I!!' !Pel!!'n in Egypt... .and I kin hated Aml!!'n .and hls nam !PO
at hI!!' eha d hi'!! own I!!' rem Ame n ·hl!!'te p 10 - Kn u I!!'n·
- pl,it!POu I of Aten_ - Be'!!lde hi!p
I I!!'re w.a!P a I!PO .a materia I 'I!!' n , hi'!! hattl!!'d of Aml!!'n, He w
n of Ine , I!!'nue!p of In u try bl!!'l ng a D'!!o,bl!!'d !plowlv but
greedv f:I,i hood of ehi d and ne felt tha I thl!!'ir we Ith
Wl!!'r to be a an that of Ihl!!' king,
-Of e p le!rtnood'!! of tne old god
I!!' king littll!!' !P known. bUI " i'!! lea r that Ihl!!' Egyptla ns fo
way of!pn Ing tnei, re nt nt 10 Ihl!!' kl ng, fer in tne Itt 1'1
lgn ne fe k Thl!!'bl!!"!!. a fo ndl!!'d a new ea pita I. wne I!!'ln
'!! 10 be r'!!hipped, Th it.e of thl!!' nll.!'W uf:lit..al wn 1m .a!P
n.Aten. 0' I ,izon of At!!!' on Ine ea'!!t ba n k of tne III!!'.
nd'l!!'d mill!!' seuth of phl • .and i'!! ma rked loday by ne
ggi Kandll. nd TI!!'II .a1·A n.a _ He re ne built .a la rgl!!' t!!!' f:l1e
two 0' tn '!!maller !io.a u.a, '!! fer tne prlv.are u!Pe of Ine
mllv- NI!!'.a, I!!' t!!!'mf:lle Ih pa lace. wn 1m wa!p !ppll!!'n "Iv
d furnl'!!h with beaut I 0 jeCl!P of I!!'VII.!'ry kl nd. and
f:I,je igh offlc:ia I and nobll!!"!! had folloWl!!'d tne king
rod ·hll.!'Wn tombs ln Ihl!!' OU in bl!!'n Ind thl!!' nll.!'W ea p
'!!f:lace of g ound about I a pita I wa'!! !Pet a p.an as
ten, anrJ it"; omine';. '!He a ed with bou ndal"'( 'Stone'S,
the of 'Some of the olrJ ';..jJn u lie were wre';terJ from the e In n FDlJ'Dllm Boou I

Ir;i and al'l'lierJ to

I";. liYerJ in 1(" ur- n-Aten co pa atiYe pea~, and th ki n8 In !P ,inll!!'nd Ing tne buil Ing 0 Dea t ul gardens bV Ine

of I!!' high prll!!"!!t of HI!!'II

d m urn in eornm I!!'d on!!!' or two h

ms 10 I!!' king pll!!'!Pof

'I!!'I=I0

latles 'IJI\a!p.n 10 tn ologh:al to tn '!!l!!'lfish n l=I,ie thoods, 1=10 ls, tne n!!!'mie of thl!!'

fIne I, ellveta ce wa'!!

I'!! own 1=I0!io'!!I!!'!P· .ad n.a troops

sent, r ne h I!!'d w.a,

ns wh 1'1 il 1'1 d ukl!!'n nwn III!!' di'!!!:on I!!'nt 'WCI'!! conspi ci .aga In Ine k" d raae ed formlda due an iety. di n, an "i falT1 ily

e In n FDlJ'Dllm Boou

I I I I

~ .... '", F-OI",JOn"'''''~.1
-~~.
r, He wa-s burierJ in a
his town, a his stone r.:affin, or
'f the native mb robbers, who cut
1'1 m 10 ttavl!!'lle
d b S .aka r.i who 1'1
d 1'1 d '0 bADly ass - 1'1 I'!! f.alhl!!'r·in ·Iaw In
ta 'uled tn wn of Kn ut-en ·Aten
I!!'dl!!'d bV Tu n kh ·Aml!!'n. a son of
r of Amen-h f:I IV c:.alll!!'d An kn'!!l!!'n·
dly ,!!Upf:lO d by thl!!' prll!!"!!t!p of
ne god in hls .amI!!' te!rtlfll!!"!!. a nd hi'!!
f:lh of thl!!' pr !rtnood of Aml!!'n ove r
ifl!!' changs r na me to An kn'!!l!!'n·
s. wnl!!"l!!' hI!!' t once '!!I!!'t to wo,k to
K,a,na k .and Luxor,
ml!!' .and flgu re of tne
attl!!'mf:lled bllll!!'r.all!!', HI!!' c:.auied
dan and re ived trlbull!!' from Ine
k no milila ry :t:f:l1!!'d ltion!p into 5¥rla.
I!!'relgntv of ypt in wl!!"!!tl!!'rn Asia,
ls court 10 Tn I!!'!P. hI!!' WeI'!! quic:kly
.ad '!!I!!'ttll!!'d at 1'1 ut·l!!'n·All!!'n. and tne
, Tne '!!e rvlD.!'!p in Ine
e had dl!!"!!ignl!!'d Ihl!!'ir
d and approved bV
-Inout I!!'mf:l ml!!'nt.: Ihl!!' wo,klng
thl!!' 10wn. ii'll n .a "II!!''V few ye.ars
'I!!' threwn d • .and bl!!'fore m.anv
Thu!P tne uiu mph of
m Ihl!!' N~'!!O!P. w.a!P
TV
I!!"!!I!!"!! II. I I'IJIIO !:e ntu rles ane r
nme'!! III and .a _ Ra me'!!l!!"!! I 'IJIi.a!P tne
king Ih rsena I I!!'Xploit.'!!. tne
nmn of is wom, isn, he wa-s not -SUI"-
rJ by an of he Icing;. ThothlT1e';. III, e zm n FDlJ'Dllm Boou II

unt L barren. In pe!l"!!onal V till hls nts hls

~ mv'!!ll'!ll:! s, e

!P su n ~ n In tn i, b,1!!' '!!IS; tneir dAn.. nor h d I!!'V ~ngth 10 ke 'Oi:O ill!!"!!; IhlllY kll d tn m at my did any t rn round.

u!rt 1'1 A VI!!' Dullt Ihl!!' ve, Ihl!!'m r pharAoh rd ng to Dr. IHIi:h. hl!!'~ '0!Pe up A

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm Boo

I I

He enla rJ On an

AbyrJo';., Me rnph is,

r,

Il!!'mj:l !P e reall!d b mnon m. but no in.uy oi:k Il!!'mj:lle I!!'n of " class wn le

Tne f.ar; de I'!! ferm d bV f u' h 'l!!'pre'!!l!!' tlng R.aml!!"!! !P him If!Pea d on .a tn na. w

of Eg~ upon hls I!!'.ad, In Ihl!!' nll!!'r. fla n Ice on IIhl!!'r!p1

Ihl!!"!!l!!' If a ntie figu, • ls .a d l"IJIIay of tne usua I Eg~f n IYj:ll!!' pening I to

a small ibuls, munl te!P bV a '!! on j:I '!!'Sagl!!' - 1'1 tne m In

I~ fl!!'l!!'t 10 • by f ny-fN ivided i to

f squa re pi wll O!pI,id tuss, In I

wlln paln d seul , 1I!p wh Ie

d

I!!"!!t of tne eek te plss a I psa rnbu I.. '!!.IV'!!

flnl!!'!rt 0 it'!! class kn n to I!!':t:i'!!t.a vrwne,1!!' _ E I!!'rn.all

d red fel!!'t i neign and a orned by f u' of ne me

n Eg~I. ea 1'1 !Pew IV fe in ne Ignt. nd r pre'!!l!!'n I

II. who eau d Ihl!!' :t:!:aV.a Ion 10 De m de_·

u mma lted bV ea n n R.a prlaei I wlw!p. '!! ws j:ll!!'rt'!! mla Die; a I eugh, upon I

r i'!! one wn I h sear Iy ee mend!p 1I!io1!!' 10 ou a pp

reme d erlon to Ihl!!' me ry of i'!! f.aln

nl!!'mv. .and .al 0 I"

Ihl!!' mon u I!!'nt'!! n whii: own_ Amid .a ge !Pnow 0 r tne ord a nee of tn 'l!!'!Pull of all th t hI!!' d-

eha r.a in hls e


I I I I

-"~ob.lII1

I I

to

lei be the ,glorifir.: se lYe';. a cerrain tI tim ';. been I'lacerJ by n.n n.al god'!!; but II ~ lifl!!' ime wllh !puch II!!'.adi eLl Ily witn thl!!'m Ine al dV ob!ioef\l'ed. Ine fl

po my .and Ihl!!' eorru

01 De de n 11!!'d. loses Ing.; .and hls magn"

hat a CO'!!! It di'!!f:lla ry. we idenlifV him om and Ra.am'!!lI.!"!!. se I!!' da rice r shades I rut 11I.!"!!!p de'!!f:lol. who d'!!1!!'It ~!rt pa In and !puffe, g.. •

ion of him'S It- Other ki n I ifierJ d i,gn" anrJ a r th me of the ir '5U ~';.'50 ined fer R.a

nO!!' e I!!'.a!ioe '!! il!ll!!'lf_ If. - Ith Ihl!!' 'king first of:lf:l'l!!' hI!!' f:lirtu,l!!'. not '!!h'in k f'

o lBIB FDlJ'Dllm Boou -"~ob.DI1

I I I II I I

EGYPT

AN in .all timlll'!! and orlgl n of Ihl!!' world. tneology, In Eg~1 i:'I!!'.alio • tnough some have v.a, Ihl!!' I!!'a Ine re wl!!'re I'IJIIO views,

(1) Tha II n.ad bl!!'e n b re ught Inl une red a ny name ea uosi!!'d tne 0 i:'I!!'.aIO' by tn ls me.an!p and tn ls i Ihl!!' agl!!' of tne .anima I geds,

e ... view is tna:t Ptah Kn n u rnu, or ea rth-gne ,god'S- rhe primitive pe erern of matte .... a nd on Iv lJe Sn u, a';. ';.elJa ... atins the 'SIr;y, fII u n ot chaO'S into ';.ky anrJ

i';. ca lied the es,g laid b to be laid by a sorJ. 0'" itive ta Ie wn ir.:h wa'S arJa

i';. ';.(Jid to be u phe IrJ b sorJ';. of the fou ... Qua rerJ together, with the lern of ';tability, The';.e the pillal"';.,· darJrJu. an from t lJilla rs. rhe ';.enins UIJ fe';tjyal n wn ir.:h the kins';. toolr;

rhe ere ion of life wa'S variou';. they re worshilJlJed, Kn n u mu be the rearor, rhe mode wa'S

ma y 1=I'lmftJVI!!' I Mrle!p of d f ,mos, Of Ihl!!' fo mAlion of

th wO d of a god. wh by to e i!rt.. Tnotn ls tn Diy I!!'I0 g!P to a I=II!!"jod

rent great sms, me. 0'" Atmu, each a rJefi ed by t e theorists of

e In n FDlJ'Dllm Boou

I I

nnected.

er

they imiJSi 80rJ';., from

they in turn

o:!ml!!'ll!!'ry· appreach O!;I,i!;, Eacn hou wno nell!de 10

mea n I rnportanr .an '!!

'!! WI!!"I!!' Ilkl!!'ly 10 have erd I!; hI!!' more e IIIl'It

But Ihi'!! I'!!

latl!!', tneo,itlng 10 fit. a I

that of .a g'I!!'.a1 pl.al n. lied Ih,ougn I!!'d 10 bl!!' In

hours; I!!' '!!iIl"t.n heur

heu r i'!! tne kl ngdo Wl!!'rl!!' u.an:led bV de

I!!' re re mote c:onD.!'f:llio '!!

n.aml!!' _ It i'!! nfo unate tn.al everv erh r has baeem dl!!' a!ioed. se In.al we ea n

ghosts, 0' lri wlthoul 1m pl\ring .a

u n'!!uit.ed Ihl!!' a nc:il!!'nt dl!!'lIie'!! that

tnen WI!!' us Ine word god fer !;UCn ee re!ioe rv.alion that Ihl!!' word has now a

n.ad to a nel lnds,

THE GODS OF

PT

. 1'1 Ihl!!' spscla I va rll!!'tl s of Id .a mi'!!undl!!'ma nd I

bl!!'lll!!'f in geds c:ono:!f:llion

eer ml nes su a

n har Iy tnrow our I

. 1'1 WI!!' a I attaeh Ihl!!' I!!'

super tura I Inll!!'lligl!!' '!!f:lI!!'.ak dl!!'mon!;. d r a trlfl ng ml!!'.aning. I!!'neflD.!' I and f:l0werf

II must alway!; bl!!' wit. I!!'

nl m ning f,o m wn II

To the Egy have ,grow

he 80rJ';. "'isht be .., nrJ feeble, O';.iris wa';. -slai a

zm n FDfZ(I!Im Boou

I I I rl I

-.~ob.lII1

I I

rrs, Ir; illerJ a nd ale the ..._ F rarer in the • Golde n anrJ of the -s1a'J'ins of h

.n immona lity wa'!! nOI V mlght '!!uffl!!" wn lie all as binl!!'n by.a rnagle ser nt .and su I!!"

posed 10 sha ~ in .a Ilk! I I!!' that rna

c:ll!!'nl la nd'!!_ Ofk!,ing!p of ed and d n k Eg~1 l.aid upo n Ihl!!' .a '!! tne diw:ine wlk! of tne

eeneubines of tne god

with tne goldl!!'n eeueh e,1!!' for eraeutar 'lI.!"!!f:I I of wn.al f:la'!!!:oed on e.a

,ie'!!tll.!"!!!P wno ould not De or eou Id thl!!'V I!!'ngII.!"; tnev

limltl!!'d as tne G'l!!'l!!'k go e with .anolne r 0' wit u pe rlo,itv to m.an in n Ition!p 0 d as f:I'I!!'·I!!':t:I'!!te nt. aaing i telligeni:: n mighl hOf:ll!!' to ga In Ion I!!':t:pl.ain'!! how I!!'a'!!iiy I • and now f'l!!'qul!!'ntiy d erd "lhMlogy· i'!! dll.!"!!ig

I!!' in a nc:ll!!'nt IhMlogle!p ode,n Hind u, ~vel in a liy De Ing inc:~a'!!l!!'d_ Ot la ns. mode rn SiDe ria ns. s. but de.al wiln a h

rathe, look on Ine tne I gii:: cene

raess quite a p.an from Ihl!!' d n ·WOr'!!

Chine-s seem to nave a menta I version

ion of a persena I

e zm n FDfZ(I!Im Boou

I I T II I

Thill' Whdo'll of 111111' Rio • =-i.. 11
'- " .
,<","
itner of the host of earth 'Sl'i . ernens 0'-
ra~· n of heaven,
Wne reve, wI!!' c:.an r.ao:! I It
rasu Its from eom in.alio '!!of nd
plaoss, I!;I!; as a w:i in g ddess, and Horu'!! as a !ioe
.al=ll=ll!!'.ars 10 have b tone god b longing 10 it 10 wh
Simlla,lv In aa by nla am I!!'at i:1ry had il'!! '!! I!!'
eemblnatleas of t e'!!l!!'. dth "r Ir.an~orm.alion'!! i e dl!!" of
ho 1=I0litii:ally united s ow ho
NOI only mu!rt wI!!' wide u lsh tne de monolo y
nurnarous I!!'arth '!! irlt!; .a d de ens from Ihl!!' Ineol g
'!!ollta ry g'I!!'.a1 god but fu rther di'!!tingui'!!h h
latte, ctass, Mo'!!t le raess n.ave no eb
wor'!!hil=l of olhl!!" d!;'!! . e by'!! e with In.al of thl!!'i
tn I!; way In.al thl!!' i:oml=l und t eologil!!"!! bu lit ul=l I I!!' 1=10 I
.and of G,I!!'eO!!'. l:Iu olhl!!' ofl thaolegle raess ha
Jl!!'a leus ged." wn wou not Il!!'r.a11!!' tne pre!ioeni:
d.all!!' Ihi'!! eones on ea ller an MO!P.ai!;nt a nd I i'!! ide '!!tr
.ag.ain'!!t l=IolVlhl!!'l!rt1 tole lion, 1'1 I!; view ad: nowll!!' In re.a of
gods, bUI igno,1!!"!! helr e im!;, hI!!' '!!till l.ate r vlll.!'W
non ·1!!'X1'!!te nt, .a ilion '!!tarte by thl!!' Heb,l!!'w p
Idolatly. sea rcely bV ,Iy en rlstla n ltv. b
I'!!l.am.
tod .al wit Ine following eon 10
at 1=1 babl bl!!'long to diffe'l!!'nl ankind
AnilT1i'51T1
OelT1onology
T,ibAl Mo nothl!!'i'!! At a ny 'State h of iffe.-e
,god'S !'Ny be a 1T10rJ
Combin.allon'!! fer ing I!!'rant viYenrJi 0'- a';. a e zm n FDlJ'Dllm Boou I I

-"~ob.lII1

II I

lion'!! belon

mu!rt

gaw rlrt.e n

e of eocu ment';. 'We fi d on tCIIT1b';tOne t at the

kh u between the a the ka, Flater

Ir;hu i';. al'l' lied to a '5 itie';. of sense anrJ pe e itie-s were believed to

The

Iv nalT1erJ than any e KA- It i';. ';.(JjQ that -


I I

-.~ob.lII1

I I

a lived, Thi';. v ew I rJ';. r.:1 '5€ Iv to the wartrJ of i i esoph ,

KH U ls f gu,1I!d a'S a !:rlll'Stll!d bi'd.

,din.uy _ It 'I!!'k!rs 10

IIII!d Ih . ~ Illgl!!'no:! or

has I!!' me.aning of ·glorlou II 0' mati!!' . I mn!:l!!'j:lllon eha n Ih k.a.

tn.al Ju!rt nOlio:!d_ It I'S thl!!' dl!!'d bird, Thl!!' eones ion

nl to ~mpe'_

d

an. as alse 10 in.ani I!!' knowledge_ of Ihl!!' n n tsls obtaining thl!!' n eve!p of R,a. ·Ihl!!' !pun e, n raess thl!!' know!


I I I

I'little nalT1e-; the S ki ns. and wa';. very unrJ on relisiow'5 anrJ

o:fren COIT1 pow derJ se I"\I'Ie rJ fer re I is enuments.

11of Ihl!!'!:oe pa rts of In f:l1!!' n

important. 0' WI!!'~ le~d" simu Ita neou'!! ,Th ka, kh •

m to ferm one grou I I!!' ba a d se 1'1 u belong

d !:oekhl!!'m a,1!!' n.a,d V mere .an meta phor as

; Ihl!!' kn.a~Det ls a I r ldea 1'1 h::h preba Diy I!!'lon

1m lsm .and wit.chi:=rafl '!!hadow gave a nold

r • name. bl!!'long!p pa I!!' atl!!', ph IIo'!!0f:lhV of id

eemmen ~I!!'m man, Tn ge,m of

of rl!!'llglon to Ihl!!' Eg

t I itt I I!!' tra i:=e of neg,.af ut r.alne r of f:lo!Pl'livl!!' r ls u!pu.ally of tne Jam hI!!' god in ~tu'n fe '!! If·'!!ati!!fled. ne had n e u hI of pa rdon, In thl!!' Ju f rry-two slns In.al m 1'1 I!!' lied to I!!'rn Dli!pn 1'1 I n othl!!" pll!!'a. bUI ne o h0f:ll!!' ~m.ained fer

I n W"CI'!! to !:oeCU'1!!' Ihl!!' fa

rayl!!'r ave rt lIl'Itil!p or

, for ncretl!!' favors..

pe. e ,ing 10 f:I'ow:id tI!!'

ate,i.al f:I'o!Ppe'ity, Thl!!' Eg nfe'!!!p1 n to m.akl!!' of !pIn 0' w ne bold Iy ave" d th hi!p e ntty Inlo I!!' k I in tne weighin of I!!'d by fi~ and bV a

urURE LIFE

Ill!!'k of tne Egyptla '!! !!!'ga n:l1 g Ine fulu'l!!' life a ~ '!! di!Otin thl!!" and se Ini:=omf:l tl II!!'. tn I Ihll.!'Y m.av bl!!' class ied In

, ~.adily eha n tne I ogV; I u!P Ihl!!'V !:oef\l'e I I nd i:=atl!!' I e

of tne '1!!'Iigion_

hI!!' i:=onlin ued e uf:l pe' Eg~1 at I n.a~ '!!l!!'l!!'n a of Ine hole. and ra k own hI!!" dei:=I!!'.a!:oed

ings of food .and d rl Ie. .and IIl'It n bed!p • .a,1!!' '!!til

il.a, fel!!'llng, wl'lhoul a preci I!!' bl!!'lim. eeu

rm';. of provision fer rJead, he sou I wanrJe a

d by he ,gorJrJe';.'5 wh d

f:l1e ferm of belief mD .and a bout tne e

e zm n FlllJ'Dllm Boou

I I

-"

t ir.:1r; 'SYr.:alT1or€ trees tn Olfel";. .jJ pou rins out d rinlr; for the ba n, In the Sl"ave we fi this b rha P'S ether Iii:! u Id'!!. tn !OW 'I!!' s n. Ihl!!' i:a~'!!. and d II!!"!!. an

'!! 10 Vil'!!~ tn.n f\I'I!!' him n Ihl!!' nt of !hi

t e neave n Iv 'StreAm!;. n Ich IhlllY nAd loved, 1:1


I 1 I I I

A Ihird vll!!'w of Ine futu enlire Iy -

~I!!'m. that f thl!!' PMf1:' a. Acm,di

Wl!!'nl to Join hI!!' 'Sl!!'ttlng su r.aved 10 b

Ihl!!' boat of I!!'!PU n In th !:oml=la ny of Ihl!!' od!p; In U'S

!rtlng highl. nd 'Saved f,o I!!' Ie rrors a d e

nighl ove, w I!:h Ihl!!' su n rl u mphed, N e Ihi'!! futu rI!!'; !P m ply 10 ,I!!"!!t in tne divine e and Ine succ !O'ful 'I!!'pe! 111of Ine po nighl by ml!!' ns of 'S1=I1!!'11!p as Ihl!!' on Iy a

jlu,nll.!'Y .a el boat w.a!P placed in Ihl!!'

10 ena Die Ine dl!!'ad 10 'Sa II Ith Ine su n. of Ihl!!' fulU re implll!!'d .a Jo Ihl!!' sou l!ioetIi gout 10 e of Ihl!!' dl!!'ad. hent-a menl

Ihi'!! !PAml!!' vie . Thi'!! god Ihl!!' l'IJIIo IhM ie!P of Ine 'So

at fil"!!t. and !:ame 10 be

1'.-a'l'irJec:I wit th e bee for i Ilins the ';.Oil th baoslriet for ca ryi n8 the ea h, a pot for a inosr.:ribed wi an order to f"€osl'enrJ for t ei.- 10 wo,k in tn fll!!'ld'S_ In tn I!!'lgntel!!'nlh d a aetua I 1001 ek bu,ied witn Ihl!!'m; D t u pa Inll!!'d on I e figu,l!!'. Tn I ldea c:ontin

Ihl!!' fulu'l!!' I .a,0!Pe In G I!!'k liml!!"!!; Ih

have • genii.!' O!pI,i!p· In !P en .a Yl!!'.a, of

!.aid witn hi . Thi!p view Ihl!!' futu,1!!' i 1=I,i.all!!'ly 1=I,0vl I!!'d fo, In tn romb,

I'ic:k for b -ns the cro aster whe Ihl!!' figu, .ally thl!!'

ntlllnl!!' II!!'

!pIon for I!!' body_ It Ihl!!' 'Sky. It thl!!' sun,

the-se thee - os, all of wh i h W"ef"€ pro

mum mifyi n8 the body beca me cu

lief. bV '!! Ing at I'!!

everv fo m of

f:I'l!!'n I hI!!' pre!ioe aele

n'!!ta I; .and food offl!!',ing!p !Pnow In.al .al

f Ihl!!' !PO U I nde,i in Ine ml!!'le ry mllia,_

Ineory ls alse of Ine , pre 1'1 I rle lime

Iy olde, tn.an ne dy.a 11!!'!p.. Thl!!' R.a VI'Or'!!

h He liopoli!p. nd mol .ave give rl'!!l!!' 10 I I!!' un - n wlln

dyn.a!rtll!!"!!. wh n HI!!'II f:I II'!! WeI'!! f:I eba bly .a f:li

f:l1- Thl!!' I!P fig' on th pre 1'1 I rle

tn ls out. In In fil"!!t a'!!fV Ine i'!! no m m my nown.

ound • .and t khu n k.a .a,1!!' ml!!'d. 0 r dee me nt'!!

Iden!::l!!'. Ihl!!' • of t e O'!!irl!p a rles, In thl!!'

king 'IJI\a!P ea I I!!'d Ihl!!' Ine ad I ng

d In!:oC:rlf:llion 'fI!!'1 I e lnee f:latlbly

!P mumm Ifll!!'d; but fu 0 n.ave

n thl!!' eigntl!!'l!!' tn and IhMry

tly ove, tne w:ie of thl!!'

tl'l!!'ly thl!!' un" nd d y. Thl!!'

I!!'t Ineory WeI in anI; bu tel I ring'!!

d. Thl!!' twe !ioi:w:r yn.a!Oty.a ped Ihl!!' R.a

kingdom .and irs po u I tlon of '!! thl!!' pre'!!l!!'rv.a1 n of bodV bV tel relv a ppea r In Ih I!!' l.ate r lim

Ihl!!' a nth ro O'f:lh rsn I p. ic:n in raets on thl!!'

Iry as WI!!' sha I !ioel!!' fu I!!'r. L...a!rtly whl!!'n all hI!!' t eleglc

n.ad pe rl!pned tne 0 e Idl!!'.a of IL food. rink. nd ,I!!"!!t ill kl!!'f:l1 it'!! he d upo I!!' feeling of Ihl!!' f:I pie n !pplll!!' I'!!l.am.

retere Iin€ r t

rvins the y 'See

h, ra:ther tha n p.animl!!'n I of rts of thl!!' b

h orie'S tha we hav ';. to loolr;

fu nl!!'r.a I do not gi pyr.amld one In Ih

RSHIP OF' IMA S N ANtlE

e In n FDlJ'Dllm OOU

I I I

lT1iilrt

!rtr.a anlm I'!! wiln f:!!.a!: of !:oel

';. been known in lT1a 'f CClU ntrie'S; but in Egypt it ... .,itt:n of civililatio than elsewhe re, and t e ~1T1 witn more levated belief-_; seerned dees 10 us, Tne orlgl al mOlive WCI'!! .a klnsh I p ikl!!' In.al unde,lying hI!!' '!!V"!!«! m of terems. sa d '!!f:!II!(:II!!'!p tn.al WCI'!! Ii kll!d witn Ine trlbl!!'; Ihl!!' I Ily pre!:oe rved. I!!':t: pting in tne on!!!' I!!':I(,amf:! anl!!'r .a glvl!!'n II me '!! killed and saera ml!!'nt.a !:l!!'rtAin Iy Ihl!!' !:a'!!l!!' w.a!P In I!!' wnoll!!' '!!f:! 11!!'!p that WCI'!! saerad • .al 0 I!!' by Ine f:!l!!'n.altll!!'!P f , killing a ny an Im.al of t e bu rlal .and even mu mlfying of I!!'VII.!'ry I!!':I(,amf:! • hI!!' na mes of tne go !P !.all!!'r !:onn~d with t e

ill.

ssrie

caus

'I!!'P I!!'nted.a.a

lou r ba boon'S

ne !:oe rpenl WCI'!! sa red; flgu res of Ihl!!' mid Ihl!!' hou!:oe and wo, as a n a mu II!!'I; simlla rly n I!!' .agAlhodl!!'mon!:oe' I!!'nl WCI'!! f:!!.a!:1I!d in .a tl!!'mf:!

_ In thl!!' fil"!!t d~ tne '!!I!!'rpe nt 'IJIi.a!P flgu red n thl!!' ne.artn, Tne ha k alse a ppea rs In rna ny pr • small, beeh worn 0 Ihl!!' pe rsen .and ea rrill!d !P

d bOlh In Ilfl!!'·!plte I pie figu rI!!'!P. le'!!'!!I!!" obJe

muleu, The seorpl n 'IJIi.a!P !Pimil.arly nono,1I!d n

k wn I!:h wl!!'re wor'!!hip d tho'!!e wn I!:h wl!!'re a'!!!ioOtiatl!!'d as embll!!'m'!! f bAbly we sh a II bs ri hI In 'l!!'gCI rd I ng Dotn dass !P !io.a!:,1I!d at a 'I!!' time • .and thl!!' con neal n I!!'ing subsaq uent, Th ldsas con neall!d wllh I e heir mest f:!,omin!!!' t cn.aracte,istic:'!!; nen!:1!!' it. I!!' sa ke of thl!!' eha ClI!!" tn.al eaeh a n I m.al sseelatlon witn a uiDe,

ma n waY'!! of tne !.a a rded as Ihl!!' wi e fmm Ihl!!' first dyna c d in hi';. te rnple

uti. tne god of wl!iodom; t e babeens .a,1!!' .an ebvle !P !rt of anima I'!!_ T .ahuli !P down to !.all!!' II me!p. a d

He mmopoli';., rhese 10 r

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm Boou I

-.

co po nd flgu res of tne god teo rm of Sek net tne lion!!!'

r of Ra. thl!!' '!!U Hl!!'r.ak III!Of:loll!p 1I.!"!!!ioe'!! .a,1!!' proba a!' a 1!iO .af:lf:ll!!'.a,; ne sma II ears .a,1!!' stls,

nd !ioe rv.al a ~ !io.ai:'1!!'d st, e!ppecia Ily at S

I!!'m.aii: god Se r.a r f:ll!!'um of Ine G~ or Mn!!!'w:is of H II k 0' l:Iaki'!! of Hl!!'r n U D 0' Ka nobos idenlified with

i!p preba Diy tn Ilfied witn Hatn

nom R.a w.a!P lnea rn.a tne nearnatien of Me ntu rsn I f:l1!!'d at tne clry of I ppsars with cow'!p e !P A'!!hla roth or I

t n me_ Thl!!' rnw .a d horns • .and of Asia, 1!P1!p. as

!P men • .and .al tne wllh Amo n wa!p I!!'iaan!!!'bo. Ihl!!' I

pe as proi:~.allve god; at

kle f:lo lis identifil!!'d with num U Ihl!!' i:'I!!'.ato, _ Tn by Ihl!!' Etn 10f:li.an!p; a n.aw:ing by magic: - hI!!' ea me as Ihl!!' in

hippof:lor.am us regn.ani:y. wno - I";. a'S the ernbl

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm Boou II

he desert, and with Anubi';., jar.:ka I wa a';. the ma ker st guide!p to praetlea bll!!'

!PO Ihl!!' .an ma I w.as know Ine w.aV 0' Ine dead ae 10 have Del!!'n hl!!'ld sae of confu ion witn thl!!' ,iai:: alse hI!!' d sacred, tho

Tne n.a '!! In I!!' prl nopa sacr bird. nd w.a!P Id nllfled wllh H

. II w.a!P ma n Iv rsbif:! at Edfu .and H ieta konf:!

!P WI!!"I!!' su P I!!'d I fly uf:! to ne.avl!!'n in Ihl!!' form of

u to thl!!' kingsn I orlg natlng I Ihl!!' n.aw d l!rtrla in u ppe of Ihl!!' dead • .af:!f:! rs as .a mumm If I I!!' hawk. .and on

a II n.awh. pe' a ps t e sou I of king'!! 0 n.ave jolnl!!'d I

k I'!! alse SOf:!d thl!!' ed of t e I!!'.a!rt.

mAIl!!' nitv. as ing '!!uf:!f:!o!Ped

'!!hl!!' i'!! ide ntifll!!'d witn MUI. In I!!'

w.a!pwor'!!hip ve ls of Ihl!!' .et i::,oMd III!!' thl!!'

and at U or ambo!p it

e SI!!'De k or Souk ,n god of thl!!'

w '!! not WOf'Sn If:!

m wne,1!!' II f,e i::,iptlon of tne r'!!hif:!f:!1!!'d .al nd ne Id saerad

Buto; Ml!!'n·'!! poli';.; anrJ f;:an

the preh isro i ay';.

-.~ob.DI1

II I

the serpe nt neckec mD sters 0

the 1T10n rt:hy, anrJ e imlT1

in the late mythology The se popu la r ob a of WONihi .af:!a rt. frem pei:ifii:

II on f:!'l!!'n storle .amule 'S.. and ceil d rou n dyn.a!rtII!!'!P, s.e'f:!l!!'nt'!! WI!!' m u mml d; and evldl!!'no:!'!! f pepula r w rsn If:!. In th late, lim • Ine '!!I!!'rpe

ref:!'I!!'!Penl togl!!'tne,. 0

se tne,l!!'fo ma II!!' .and fl!!'ma II!!'. n to

WONihif:!f:! .al Shll.!'Ykh H rldy. and ml aeu leus

B,213).

we f ures Th I!!' w f S .af:!i'!!. dl!!" tim

Va rleus fl!p es wl!!'re sac .and ethers bUI Iney we tneir De Ing Nihipped, .and i!p fou d In prehi'!!t ,ie: am u II!!'IS .ado,i!!'d. .a d rnest usu Ily il overmml

were Vll.!'nl!!' .anima I bre ne rnood In due to Ih I!!' qua IlIie!p of Ihl!!' anima I; m 10 De dul!!' Vll.!'nI!!'r.a1 mere likely In.al Ihl!!' .a ne .anim.al'!!. nd not fro e 10 be ass l.ared wllh

I!!'re.a!p of'!!f:!I!!'i: m.al we any U hI!!' WO

THE GROU S OF GO

I n a i:ounl wn 1m 1'1 as Del!!'n su b]

peof:!11!!"!! as has Egypt... II I'!! to De

d lverslry 0 dl!!'lIie!p and i:omf:!lex .a

n.all!!' Ine p I nOf:!a I i:I.a!io'!!1!!' of mni:1!!' u ndef'St..an ng thl!!' g 1'1 of tne !ioY

80rJ';. and h man 80rJ';. i';. b'l'iou';.; and

anima I he ';. i'5 clea riy an adapta

e zm n FDfZ(I!Im OOU

I rl I I

41

I'a lerre at the

Asap of the wever been a .alre.a V nOIi!!'d !P of I I!!' 1!!'.a,1y ne full Ill!!'ry of re usu Ily two hI!!' oth , of I'!!i'!!.

• iatos •

oW'S of v.arlou'!! uld De a g'I!!'.a1 V, To i'!!i:,iml· tow.a,d anlm.al

n ';. with

,god, Anath er luable -selJa rater

, It is mpos';oible su ppose a peopl

".red to thelT1 a ri,gina I Iv; ther€

'S I a !plngll!!' !rtI!!'m. .and ".r.e n

e,ml!!' -Apollo or Pa Ila'S·Anl!!'ml!p. w

Ine rba ria n god of Asia, So in Egy

A n -aa. 0' 1'1 ·Sok.u·O'S1 rls,

In Ihl!!' mpound I derlvll.!'d from.a dl

tlon as ra ken pi

ing 0 , medern I a'S into Ihl!!' .ani:ie t vll!!'W!p, !P rt of hi'!! eha ptiI.!" e.ai:n trlbl!!' 0' Ioc:.a Inall • !:ertalnly I e more remote 0

nO!!' to Ihl!!' oj:lll!!' of .anv on!!!' d; .and II VI'OU Id 1'1 u nd Ing god'!!., a'S .

Id not ml!!'.an AII.a

.• 0' ·mi'!!t,I!!"!!!P

god'S a'S i,i'!! 0' H.alnor ar

II no me I!!' 1m plie'S tn.al t II In Ihl!!' Old Te'!!ta

IU'Lluoi'!! •• in view, A Egyj:lli.a !P enl imj:lll Ihl!!' Ie

thl!!' u rely .ani god'S; following wn leh ".r.e re eemb ned wllh .a huma In thelr i:h

raet eharaeter,

ide In WOr'!!hip 0 'Sj:llI!(:ll!!'!p of .anim.a n.aj:lll!!' • i:1!!'rt.ain .an mats WI!!"I!!' com till I!!'d wllh I e Ine hl!!'ad of Ih .anim.al wn 1m WeI un IIl!!'d

I n'!!tani:1!!' .a 1'1 u m.an nead 0 an a n I

tne king .and nOI a god. o!P'!!itllly t e

'S Wl!!'a,ing Ihl!!' ne.ad!p of an ma ls wn n j:I,ie'!!t wo, tne tel m's 'Skin wn n parson I· the freq u nt r.:OIT1 bination';o nrJ love carvings, he U" ion of the a" lent sac


e vieW";. .jJnrJ feel ins'S ,god'S never elT1erserJ .jJ';. be lonsins to the

I!!' f.a!:1!!' of Ihl!!' g'l!!' hls ls indica ~d bV ne !PA!:,1!!'d ba rk of

I of tne wOBn If:! of PUh·Sl!!'kl!!'r·Osirl'!!; as we r!Pn I p of PUh. hI!!' ls having .an I!!'ntl,1!!'1y kl!!'r bo,1!!' 1'1 ls figu,1!!' as row of n.awk'!! wn I!:h joined Sekl!!" In 1'1 I'!! .allied form!p of thl!!' !Pel!!'m!p preba bll!!' tn.al

, (loVll.!'r of '!!ilen!:I!!')_ flgu red as a !Pe rpenl_ al!!'d wllh .anv of Ihl!!' ass a f:!,imitlvi!!' deiry I!!'.al ce metl!!'rie!p we,1!!' me down from Ihl!!' a ngl!!'d Inlo .a n.awk·

we havl!!' in tn ls • Ih t Ihl!!' geds of thl!!' f Sllen!:l!!'. and bOI

I H lera Icon polls, a cenul!!'d .al suto, T oms. frequl!!'n Ily .a tlml!!'!p tnev .af:!f:!I!!'.a

I!!' wltu re godd!!!"S!P of Ua.!l!!'l, Ihl!!' !Pe rpenl I!!' .af:!f:!I!!'.a, in a II .age'!! '!!uf:!f:!one rs on I!!'lthl!!" !P 1'1 u rna n godd!!!"S!Pe'!!

an. He mu thl!!' ersat "f'!! !Pnown re .amull!!'t'!!

I!!' i'!! !PAid to ftame .a

'I!!'nl sou I"O!!' from at of PIa 1'1 or Ra • .and

f:!1!!"jod of a n I m.al '!! • as hI!!' ls a I tnO'!!t

of.a ram, HI!!' W.a'!! popu r down 10 lat!!!' lime'!!. n found_

j se& to SOj sek, to dUO",.

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm OOU II

tins anrJ Ie 'f'j has the quent ernb i ls a ppsars

is Ihl!!' con'S!

mins. and 'Wa';. the en iet earJ of a i bis, the bird ut he is never n a sh riM as r in !iO!!'nl!!"!! of

tlme!p.a!p ne patron of rpor.alil!d hls n.aml!!' as lite o,igi

l=I'I!!'!PI!!'nl!P Ih of thl!!' su n '!P de!rtruction of ma n kin as '!!I.aughll!!"· ls tn.al witn ne hl!!'ad a lione'!!!p, 1:1 ut cat, Shl!!' 'WCI!P n'!!l!!' fl!!"StN.ais

~mid tlml!!"!!; e ,uled frem freLlul!!'nl as de'!!!p. who!ioe d I:II!!'!P. wno ls

I '!!oulh of Tn bas, who

I=IlI!(:lallv thl!!' god of r, HI!!' appsars

n.a ·hl!!'.adl!!'d '!! hin:J(: .and ne

importance,

111!!"!p hea ; bUI ne h '!! no thl!!'ologic: leeal god of i:1!!'rt.ain di

HI!!'LlI. Ihl!!' a'!!!pI!rted In Ih

I!!'r.al deity not

ells, but I nlll'ltl!!'r found

WI!!' now co 10 t .ani

Ihl!!' gre.al O!p1 idl!!' g preh istoric in abita witn the hea of a a b lcus

baea me a seelatad witn I!!"!!h 'WCI'!! ne god of tne I"U';., He is always -shown

';.II:! uere rs anrJ a Ions


I I

a'S .jJ Ions u pri,ght ta i I. The d ,g-I ilrie

nd rJ'J'Da • but later the uma n

d preva iled, Hi'S rsh i., derwent great f ctua-

Ihl!!' g'l!!'.n g d of a I Eg~pt; ut hls wol"!!hippe ".r,e,1!!' u by tne foil Wl!!'f'S f H O'u!P. as dl!!"!!!:,ibed In a semlne .af:lf:ll!!'a stron Iy In tne saeend dyna'!!IY. I I!!' la'!!l

tne wol"!!hi of and H 0' s, Afte, su ppres on hI!!'

1!!'.a,1y eigh I!!'e nth dyn.a!Oty; nd I!!'VI!!'n g.aVl!!' th

Inl!!'teenlh yna . Hi'!! p.an n thl!!' O!p1 rls mytn

rlglna Ily Ih Ihl!!' ether ill. 0' Anp took a pi a I!!'adlng Ihl!!'

fIne ceml!!'re ry • .a d Ihl!!' I!!' 1!!'.a,IV fu neral mu Ia!' rworld. A'!! Ihl!!' p.a ren of f O!iirl!p. Ine god thl!!' me nt of O!iirl!p,

of up of Edfu and Hi

Iv an inde eve n kl!!'l!!'pl ng .a

e r.· tn roug oul la , lime'!!. t hI!!' wa!p ea rly

preba Diy !P tne ejl!!'d.o' Set who 'IJIi.a!P .a

'!!oml!!'tlme!p e nti,1!!' In n.awk fo,m; more usua I In latl!!', Ii '!! hI!!' ppea I"!! !P tne Inf.anl !POn I'!!i'!! m, H ls '!!f:l1'!(: a I fu n Ion i'!! Ih t of ove reem Ing w:il; in

eon queror of 51.!' late, as tne su bid ue r of n leus ry popu l.a a mu I • and la Iy. In Roma n tim s • as a on horse k !play ng a dtag n. thus p.a!io'!!ing I 0 Ihl!!' a I!PO bll!(:,a I!!' min II!!'d witn a rly en rlstla n ide s: .and

ed to tne CM'!! orlgin.ared Ine I rho

b,iefly WI!!' tne inclf:la I

rms, WI!!' '!! 1'1 thl!!' .ani

a pp.a'l!!'nt ind I!!' ndl!!'nl Ihl!!' 1'1 u m.an form. wn I!:h

. bV a me re .anlh, f:lomo rph e peof:lll!!', We '!!I!!'I!!'

aC!:,1!!'d I d to t e !ioI!!'!:on stratu m if nOI. thl!!'

religion in Eg~pt, A nd WI!!' ust .a'!!!ioOClate w· 1'1 Ihi'!! Ineory of hI!!' se wn 1m f:I !:eded that of tn O!iirl'!!


I I

-.

ODS IN HuMAN FORM

in a -';ion';.

We now urn to the del - ';. wh ir.:h sre alway;. repre n associared it an ima I nsu.-e';.; neither d

r.:o';.mir.:- natu.-e--wo i. nor in abstract idea. Th

of Ihis cia s, Ihl!!' Osi,is I Iv. tne Amon f.am Ily. and

Osirl'S· ·A'S r 0' MI,··is tnO'!!t f.am Ilia, flgu n:! of In

ma In Iv 0 la Ie sources at wI!!' have to de pend f , I I!!'

worsn I p 'S 'So much a II!!'d 10 harmon lte witn 01

nl!!'eded trace his tru o!pllion. Tne Osirldl!!' portio

DI!!'.ad .a,1!!' i:1!!'rt.ain Iv ve ry ,Iy. and p'l!!'c:edl!!' Ihl!!' sola r

w:i1!!'W'!! wI!!' a 1'I!!'.adV min in thl!!' pyr.am Id te:I:U. WI!!'

Ihl!!' O!pI,is worsn If:! raaeh D.ai:k 10 tne f:!'l!!'n lstorle .age

offl!!'rl ng Anubi!p is n I!!'d. for whom Osirl!p bl!!'C.a

flftn and iIl"t.h d~a'!!tie Ine f:!~r.amid timl!!'"!! WI!!' 0

Il!!'rmed i,is. n.aw:ing u rgOnl!!' tneir apethsolsls ar 1'1

Ihl!!' e!gn I!!'ntn dyn a!Oty onw,a,d I!!'VII.!'ty ju!Otifll!!'d p

Osirl'!!...a!p I!!'I ng un III!!'d Ine god. H ls wor'!!hip w,a!P n

Ihl!!' I!!'.a,r tam pll!!'"!! • .an nOI ml!!'nlioned .al thl!!' ea

baea me Ihl!!' I Ing deiry of Ab~o!p .and 0

direaion thl!!' 'I!!'COgnitl of Osirl!p i:onll n ued 10 ini:

Ihl!!' .anlil:i Iry of his i:u we mu!rt remgn lte In ehi uiu mph a pepula r , l!glon OVll.!" .a rule '1!!'1!g1

su pe,imf:! !Oed upon 11_ 1'1 I!!'a rlie'!!t pn.a!Oe of Osi,ism

in portio !P of Ihl!!' !:look thl!!' (]re.ad_ ThI!!'"!!I!!' assume

a nd .a ju .adm l!P'!!ion to tne bll!!'"!!!Oed f I

huma n e a nd his fa mlly a re 1m plied • .a

of .anim.a or n.alu re hip belonging 10 1'1 I m. H

'II.!'COrded In Roma n Ii bV pi uta reh, !:an be trae

!POU rC@!P i Vll.!'ty un!:e rta I ne ma In eutllnes, whicn m y

follows. !p1,is w.a!P .a el I ising king of Eg~I. who

brether S .and !Oeven t 0 conspirators, l'Sis. his w Osirl'S at ~IO'!! In Syrl.a d broughr il 10 Eg~I_ Set of O!p1 rls nd !PC.a1te'l!!'d - . 'Sis soughr Ihl!!' fragments, a

I!!'.ai:h of I I!!'m_ tsls and 0 u!P tnen .anai:ked Set .and

and fin.all down tne Re a. In other aspsets Osirl!p I!!'

cern god and Ihl!!' !PC.a Ing of his body in Egypt - I

rJivi'5ion the ';..jJr.:~ the r.:orn ,god, a nd the buri I

field'S to nsure their Ie -I -

o lBIB FDlJ'Dllm oou -.~ob.DI1

I I I I I I I

the


I I I

imj:lonanl bl!t:.aml!!' t e forty·IWO who b,ok

worsnlp. bV .a g'l!!'.a d from AsI a

Ho,u!; VI'O Nearly tn king A.an !;Uttll.!'i!!'d I histoty p national

function

c ely, we see t al the O';oiri';o u per Egypt, and nal feurtee n I!!' ,Iie!rt timl!!'. wn I h ane 1"'lJl\,ud!;

.a di!!'d 10 until Ih god of Ine A Do t a qua rte, ehr seo H ,C,. WI!!'

V numbl!!'red lie: I nv.adl!!'l"!! ugn Ihl!!' long "nd m.all!!'rla I

ens in l.all!!'r pen In I'!! e:1\r1 I lion; .and rehisto,ie: e u rs. j:ll!!'rn.a n'!!ide r.able e: nge!!; bre

bl!!' un Ilkl!!'ly at Ihi'!! wa

me frem thl!!' 1!!'1t.a. whl!!" apart frem "ng tne re'!!t , -establlsh

I!!' j:I'l!!'histo,ie:

Ilkl!!'ly dul!!' to !;I,i!p.. L.a!rtly we f Eg~t by thl!!' Hie r.akonj:loli'!!. I!!' elder inh bill nts to d,ive 0

e:n.ain of e I hl!!'lj:ll!!'d tne

neaing tne d In tne early .a'!! Ih II n.aV!!!' Del!!' e "Ie Va I lIllY .

Osirl'!! wa'!! .a I!!' dl!!'.ad enJo i:lude Ihl!!' w hl!!'r il we,1!!' • wnere I'!!i'!! lead'!! In tne

I!!' prehi!!lo,ie:

In I O!;I,i'!! must pr hlsrerle i:ultu 10 of c:ulllv.alion.

I!; marked

O'I!!' uouble nnot avoid yn.a!rtli: r.ac:e e O!!'nlre'!! of thl!!' Aslatli:!;, Ihl!!' Hl!!'rDer WI!!' ea n thus gl!!' wllh Ine V!!!' bl!!'l!!'n Ihl!!' Hi!; c:iw:ilitlng .abouI8000

ir'!!t In.al of go of Iho!ioe holy d .a fulu re Ife. ThI!!"1!!' 'WCI'!! ne I!!'d frem s ch .appine!P'!! • .and rtny, Thl'!! Ju me nt bl!t:.aml!!'

d Neb· n.al bl!!'hind O!;I,i'!! 0 I'!! on hi!;

placed In tne b.al.ani:l!!' • .and !;U II. Tne stlen of Ine e:n.aj:lll!!'r, Tne I!!'ad. and we rs of lifl!!'.

roy early time CI the O';oiri';o .. a nd wire of ';oi ri';o, e ut she


I II

plane to ';.1 I';., Her those of Os ri J anrJ sh

t.ei:a tne ae Egypt.. tne f:!0 g,owth p.anof

a '!! .ado'lll'!f do bll!!' of 1!P1!p; ne '!!hl!!'!Pe1!!' !P 10 have that '!!hl!!' eemplern ive I'!!i!p wOB If:! enll!!'red of om Ina I 1m rtanea, bu

II!!':Il history 1'1 n any e ith i:l!!'l"t..ain • but WI!!'

ate, Horu Hor·u'··o A eerls of tne Greek'!!·· Ine bret I!!'r of O'!!irl!p dl!!'r eha 1!p1'!!. Set. 0' huma n rm and w '!! hI!!' god of t.ewf:!oli'!!_ ave t.e prlmillve god of .a trl I!!' i:ogn.are 10 Ihl!!' Osi,i'!! n.al ee nil.!' Ion tn ls had wit I!!' haw we do nOI k. !plm p as 1'1 r, wllh

word gl!!'ne Iv has tn

b 10 ngl ng tne !pkV- II

topolis • .and Ilkl!!'wi'!!1!!' I e ml:w:ru I!!' of thl!!' I'IJIIO

e lin I) FDlJ'Dllm Boou

I I I

southern people .jJ';. hearJerJ orus who

ej

tribe, It i

wk Horu'!! ml!!' I I!!'n d solar dl k as Ihl!!' em

tne !pun·go • a d hl!!'no:! ea me

erus of Ed u, d Ihl!!' tille of

g. ·Ho,·1!!' 1'1 H.a,ma khis of

Ho,u!; of Ine usua I of .all

(e) Horu gold. nu • n u btl w.a uf:lon Se ' In I'!! Dei: ferms of

on In I!!' '!!ign of wn Ita mpllng re many Ie'!!!; 1!!'f'S in pepula r

I!!"!!tima

enlh dyn.a erus rundi g In his han s,

VOung Ho,u!; k tlml!!'!;, Hut !,a, form of .aIL

10 late Roma n I nil.!' n t '!! u b i I!!'tl I!!' f:lI!!'Of:lle_

mon WeI'!! Eg~1 lone politli:a d~a'!!fV f:I'l!!'.ad 1'1 I!; rJ 'J'D a 'Sty ';.CIi b ed t h I'owel" h ich a bsc

nd t::hon!;u of 1m portanes In of Ihl!!' twelfth nd ninetl!!'l!!'ntn me a polit~1 a 'Sty. .jJnrJ the


I I II

a-Se-Q with the fa II

the name ';.un-,go,,:I, nlll'!! of Ine world.· h::1e of peli - eal f.ailn

rgll!d I him, and su rvlved a aspsets thl!!' g'I!!'.a1

'I!!' Ine n Ign r e!rte!io'S1Il'!! of Ihl!!' god. a d hI!!' wa'!! n Ild'l!!'n; Ihl!!' k I '!! being 0 Iv lnea rn I ns of Am

t e godde'!!!p n !P leading r of thls

he of

a d neni:=1!!' I I!!' co sort i g tne king. an Ihl!!' i'!! known DoU hI!!"

bined in I I!!' Tne boa

rallel to T 6tn.a!P b a god of -mI!!'. as a

of f:ll.an . II A l.arge Ie of rl!!'11g1

t.ani:=e.

de'!!!p of Ih ibya n f:lM

I!!'m in Egypt. S e 'IJIi.a!P .a

a nOmAd- epls, He,

• and her n

wor'!!hip as f mly u tlng .and 0 wea ing. !P .a distaff with I'IJIIO r's

Thl!!' god parson ltv tn nd .af:la n thl!!'ir 1!!'!io'S ntlal idea
frem tn I!!' al I!!'ady dl!!'~,i tnev w l.argely
wit ether class ui:=h did h ml:w:rure
-sun-wo hi., in E,gyl'tia n rei
ta.-esoi wha a larse bod apart fro e zm n FDlJ'Dllm Boou

I I I

the othe

at su n·god to whom I!!'

ounh dyna'SIY • .and WCI'!! Ra. and I!!'VII.!'ty late, king

Ii'!!k WCI'!! tne e mblem 'IJI\a!P buill In hls non tne !:I!!'ntre of h ls wo III tne Il!!'mf:lle and e,1!!'

Ra w.a!P f:I'l!!'O:!dl!!'d thl!!"l!!' har '!! -ged, AI u, wno w.a

Ine nome; and Ra. th I"!!hip d Ih,oug out Ihl!!' la nd

borlglna I god of .anv c: I!!'liof:lo ls hI!!' w.a .anaml!!'d

De!P .anaml!!'d 10 Aml!!'n. ne!Pe acts I nt 10 having bl!!'e 10 Eg~1 bV .a eenquerl g f:lM Ie. an r tne tn ologic: '!!I!!'ttll!!'

noll!!' !.and_ ThI!!"1!!' are !Otio !P In.al th R.a wol"!!hif:l

rom Mi.a • .and I!!'rn bll!pn ru 11!!'.a Hl!!'llof:lol _ Tne litll!!' 0

at f:I!.a!:1!!' 'IJI\a!P tne hl!N:l • .a I!!'m it I IltIe;.a dIne hI!!'

asure of tne Il!!'mf:lle. Tn of H liof:loll!p" 'I!!' '!!f:lI!!'!:I.a1

I!!'a mere Ba bylon la n tn i!p clrv w s a O!!'nlre

a nd of IhMIogic: Ihl!!' '!! unkno I!!'kll.!'Whl!!'

f.amilia r in Me'!!Of:lola . A e nic:.al ne wa'!! thl!!' smbedi

d at Hl!!'llof:loll'!! • as in '!ir! " _ On tne na IvI!!' n.aml!!' of Hl!!'liof:loll!p n '!ir!,i.a. as Wl!!'11 as othl!!' it I I!!"!! a ml!!'d I!!'liof:loll!p ne,1!!' in l.are w of an ea rly Se mltic: prlaei II!!' of Hl!!'llof:lol" • bl!!'fo,1!!' tn

wou Id unify .all of Ihl!!"!!l!!' acts: nd Ihl!!' dv.an!:e R.a worsn I

a'SIY wou Id bl!!' due to a

ram Tni';o i

eve

tnO'!!t free frem ad u red bl!!'tween I'IJIIO 1'1 II

lmes in thl!!' boat in w V- Tne winged d I!pk ha l. a nd often two ram norn; tne tna:t f;:.jJ protem .jJnrj prese ';oJ lilri de'Stroy';o I ilrie the co .jJJ an crest

e In n FDfZ(I!Im Boou

I i I

with I t.elo

',;- head, when the IderJ tegether a'S

ed. by bing pia o:!d ow, Ihl!!' I!!'d wllh hI!!' 1'1 u nun form by ic:n is 0 I!!' of Ihl!!' most usual t.e Ing f:I '1!!'1y 1'1 u nun. exo.!'f:l1

bl!!"!! as Am joined Ra ther views. is belll!!'f '!! m'!! 10 ha Ily va n I!pned in Ihl!!' I!!'a

rs In thl!!' ninetl!!'l!!'nt dyn.a!Oty, Un ItI!!'d 10

Ing of Ine '!! •• .and tne wlll.!'W

rnev In ugh tne heu f'!! of tne nighl

bl!!'!:am !Peaion'!! f tn ls wnole_ By thl!!' prattl ally giVll.!'n 1.a!:1!!' to others • .and Ch,istl n.age_

'!! Ihl!!' o'igi al god of Hl!!'llof:lol '!! and thl!!' I!!'lta !pldl!!'. rou nd 10

et., whic:n ,ml!!"ly .a!:hl!!'d p to I'!!m Iliye 1'1, How f.ar his

'!! tne ull of ls t.eing I enlified wllh R.I. I'!!

dualon f R.a led 0 hi!p t.eing un Ifll!!'d

Ihl!!' vlll.!'W that Ine na me!p of '!! are eon nertl!!'d

II ela I m hat Atmu a nd Alum

a nO!!'. til t ls nam as Ihl!!' orning sun, HI!!' wa'!! dyn.a!Oty,

All!!'n .anima

religio in se far. '!!h .all lifl!!' n god· I unlve

rnno:! I!!' only i sta nO!!' of .a • [ea 10 us

OII!!'P II L HI!!' '!!hoWl!!'d .amI!!' of Akhl!!'natl!!'n. he 'Sole wOl"';.h i., of in the n iI:t rJ'J'Da'5t'f- The 'Sun

eal god of Tn I n ls In uf:!f:! ua-ged, H ls n.ame hl!!'.aven ' a nd it. ay well bl!!' that tn I d .al tn !ioe plaess.

as thl!!' g d of the I!!'.a!rte,n d i:Onl!!' of lowing ediaea I Ilgnt which Ifll!!'d n.a Ie.. 0' .a 1'1 u rna n flgu

I!!'nt of neavl!!'n. is s not WOBn I pped nle Idl!!'.a_

Son u wa Ihl!!' god of !Pp.ao:!. who lifll!!'d uf:! N WeI'!! oft n ref:!'1!!"!! nred. 1!!"!!f:!1!!'i:la Ily I n II!!' a that ne VI'OU Id II I!!'wisl!!' tel l!ioe up Ihl!!' bodV

hl!!'.aven_ H ls figu, is enlirelv human. nd 1'1 nl!!'el!p

ha nes I d abe hls nead, HI!!' w.a 'I!!' ,d

I!!'.anh 1'1 Ing bl!!'e formed from spa or ch 0 ,His e

featne,. tne Ilgn !rt and mest volumi ous b - CI_

1 I n FDlJ'Dllm Boou

I I I I

-.

I

Thill'

P"t..al'l. ne creator wa'!! f:l1!!'!:1.alty wor'!!hif:lf:li!!'d at, I!!'mf:lh _HI!!' i!p
.a mu my; .and kno that full Ie ngln DU rla I an mum ;tyl
tne d nastle race He !P idenlifii!!'d witn Ine ea rl I!!'r anl .al·
Dull I!p; but it i nOI Ikely tn.al tn ls origInated i'!! !:'I!!' INI!!'
crea by moul ng !:I y. or by word and wIlL a dnot If na
He b wiln tne old Memf:lh lie god of hl!!'de .Se
O!pI,i r- irls, Tn us we lea rn that 1'1 Dl!!'lo d n
.anim WOf'Snlf:lf:l rs, Ih belleVll.!'f'S in Sl!!'kl!!'r. nor to
foun pe0f:lll!!'. r two me land, and A f.avou'and loWl!!"

Ii'!!. and als at r r, all along Ihl!!' ,iVll.!'r. FI!!'!rtival!p stlll ke pt. up .al "".a,iou'!! ~!P r art iDute all f:I,o!ppe,iry .and g

MIn as tnemal!!.prl!:iple_ He w.a!P we r!Pn I ppe • .and 'IJIi.a!P hl!!'re . enlified wiln Pa n by Ih tne de!ioe Ihl!!' Rl!!'d Sea. Thl!!' olde!rt

and

m.al f:I,in!:1 pll!!' wnO'SI!!' a n I m.al ne r 1!p1'!!_ Shl!!' wa'!! a I!PO Idl!!' 'I!!' ve rv n u me,ou'!! In diffe .af:lf:ll!!'a r as fate!P. f:I'l!!"!!id I ng

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm 80011..:.

I I

-.~ob.DI1

I I I

E Inruuaion'!! PI 1'1 -heea p nd of M' m n I possess, a

Ine I, eneents. a fl!!'.nu'l!!' of th

la 1m on Ih notl!:1!!' of a I pe NiO !P

!P hi'!!to _ Fo, if Ine atings a nd ase I ption!p n

nhv- ·Ih re I'!! no re n whV tneV!P ou Id n

j:lll!!'d ··tnev WI!!" e mj:lo!Ped a bout feur thousa nd 'fI!!'a Defo

nd In ree thou and fNe hu d'l!!'d .and ftv vea rs befo I!!' en rl t, Iv - And tne sl n If n!:e of ho!Pe reme I!!' d.allll'!! i'!!. eha thl!!'V a

!rt books In tne rl. tne I!!'a lie'!!t ~nl peciml!!'n'!! of I I!!' Il'Il!!'r.a

:w:t me ho,iz n of .all eha o!:e.an of PAj:I ,.and I k '!! a aemes e,I!!' • .a flttn ele menl • .an I!!' ntla I f

m.anv klnds ha Ml!!'mj:lhi'!! sum rl ncij:lle!p of me 'fI!!'.ars e.arlll!!'r. II tn Ing'!! on ea I!!' Ii'!!u of IltllIl'!!

n wrlttl!!'n

e bl!!'nefit futu re gll.!'nI!!'r ion'!!. t e

eu rre nt n 1'1 ls d.arr,: I!!' n Defore thl!!' itll!!'r. f

10 hi'!! ild ren Ihl!!' erell wn I!:h In y prl d

but tho n.aVl!!' j:ll!!" hl!!'d and tne

tge '!!ound .and pr.a'fl!!'rs I of king!p .and

eeks in .anv !Pe enSl"a'V'e n in

time of Ptah-h 1', a d

Ithoush some of the

er cou ntry a Pl'l"CIach the e two n

n thelT1 I us, in ilT1asinat n, pia

nIc WI!!I"!! LJS.e'd i IIlI!! fi sl IJI"I!! that,

k I follOw' PtofE'~ Of PE'm ''§.


-.

,C,3SS0.

IhlllY will e flfty·fou r i King of n Iv .aft!!!', .and th!!!' theusand n prowrtts

ah-herep: ill!!' his wo,ld I tnough

n.al ls 'Said

tnO'!!t eem yn.a!Oty ••• .a !!!'d 10 In mor.a I'!!l. ··'SO that d l!pml'S!:oed 'S nlgn y Imf:l,oba till

a M!!!'mphis t e ,!!!'Ign of ne'S!!!' two tne tille'S

o lBIB FDlJ'Dllm Boou -.~ob.DI1

I I I I

A. Thl!!'

pta h-bete pi, i ver, to the e

IIl'Itl!!'ry day Tn e~!p a re sma II; hl!!'.an n.al no re!rt. Tne me uth Mppeth. a n hI!!' re me mbar Ih'ougho I I!!' body; good I Ihing!p d th Id.age fer m.a Mpped. nd ne b'l!!'athl!!'ln !plnlng_

no wo,d; Ihl!!' ea rt. bone!p are f:! I nful de p.aneth_ ne!Pe nlng'S_ Tne n !Pe ls I!!'t.ne, '!!tandl

·Comman

ml!!' 'Sf:!I!!'.ak unto men of old tim thls Inlng bl!!' d erst.anding. tn.a

Ice ove r m • f:! ino:! Iy .aulho'rds of Ih m n.al hl!!'.a,kl!!'n I!!'d unto thl!!' g i!pned from a

of Ihi'!! God: j

ime; neV m.aV enll!!' and i'!!!:ours.e wllh 1'1 I m..

may hI!!' hl!!'.a,ken

si g we.a'ine'!!'!!_·

It He re In tne prove res of Ihl!!' HOly F tn t, Bl!!'loved of Ih Ihl!!' GmtI!!' 0 of hi'!! City. th ignotel nt I I knowledgl!!' of that oDe th. thl!!' sha me of 1'1 I sorn

ody.

Ine nlm hi!p

ne 'Sage. Fo, no possesseth ful at i'!! found bV!P1

n 11!!'.a u I!!' wlln Ihl!!' ign tel nt

n De 'S1!!'t. 10 'S III. I!!'itne, ls Ihl!!' .anv

.adv.an 'S_ Fa I, 'Sf:! ls mere r.a,1!!' eha n

-ma d ns on thl!!' b II!!"!!_

] ThI!' KIlg_

e zm n F~~ Boou

.2, If thou rJ an a rguer ta lie iog, one that i

thou, let th ne a rm';. fa II, be nd thy baclri, j (11 not wit thee, FtefTa in fro..., ';.pea kins ev loy; whe n he '5 a kerb- If he add r€'5'5 thee as 0 e-

:3, If thou nd a n .argue, ra Ik Ing" thy fl!!'llo • 0 I!!' iceef:l not 'SI I!!'nce wne n ne 'Sa IIh a ughl In.a is w:i tn.an hI!!', G I!!'.al will De thl!!' a ppla U'SI!!' on Ih pa n.aml!!' sha II e good In tne knowlll!dgl!!' of prl i:1!!"!!

dan .argue, ta I king" .a poor nu ful tow,a,d 1'1 I m bl!!'!:au!ie hI!!' ls ne co nfoun him!ielf_ Qul!!"!!tion him nOI 10 out Iny wr In uf:lon 1'1 I m In.al ls bl!!'fo,1!!' tn I!!'; . me.an mind If thou bl!!' .aboul 10 do that wn I h - I

.a Il!!'ade,. as one d I real ng endl!!'avor .a 'f!l to De graclous. tn.al tn InI!!' Gre.al ls T, Ih • .af:lf:loinll ng .a stra lght PAIn;

'Since Ine , n of O!pI,is_ -=ani!!' that overstef:l I!!'ln

Owf'Stl!!'f:lf:li g is bV Ihl!!' covetou!P nun; bu rlehes, Ne 'hath I!!'w:il·doing. broughr it'S "I will obta n bV m'f!ll!!'lf fer my !ie If. • .and 'Sa

.am .allowe ,. aut Ine Ilmils of Ju'!!tiD.!- .a,1!!' ref:ll!!'atl!!'lh f om 1'1 ls fathl!!"_

6, C.au!ie n I fea r a mong me n; for··tn I!p··t e .an that 'Sa Ith. ''Tne'l!!'in is lifl!!'·; nd

ne re I'S .a ma n that !PAitn. • I!!'r·· s

'Sl!!'lll!!' for I!!'If that whic:n I pe'i:I!!'Ive_· T u!P

'Smitten do _ II ls anether tn.al .aruin I!!'tn b gl I

NlIl'Itl!!'r hath tn.al wn Ii:h me n have pre PA,1I!d for 0 God ha In e m nundll!d. I!!'VII.!'n that In I ng co kind hnsss, and ml!!'n sha II eem

rv .atlitOOI!! or .a submis.siVl!! inferi -ri~ Will~ DE'IiE''VE'd to 1'\iI'VE' rel.8 s, U'IE' fliNot I'II'§.tOt'ir;;lIldf'l.8.


I I II I

manne HII.!'WCI

LI!!'t. nAma downi: st nor Ll

bll.!' g,ie d; A!P Ve,ily. aeh nu ls created·· 10 his a uiDe. tru'Sl'fu I n

neilner at. may pe c:e than nether. no ls tne hief of

10. If I ou De I w • '!!II.!'NII.!' a wl!ioe bl!!'fo,1I.!' ne God If heu nAve known in tel k, II.!' not nAugnty

theu k OWl!!'!rt n II.!'rn I ng 1'1 I m.: but

10 th t ieh he nAlh De

man f none A WCI rd him on A ee nl of Ih e nou r hlm that at Dell.!'n A e_

whicn

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm OOU

I I I

Se hol • ric:ne';. come n them, If he be';til" him pros., rous: but He osha I

the m'Selve';.; it i';. th ir ru Ie for h i ha desireth coltecr them him It. the GorJ h II n lsh him. if he be ';.1 nfut

thv lifll'tlme; do imin lsh nOI thl!!' I!!' of followl ng Ihl!!' at Iu II me· -ef I!!' '!! • De ukl!!'n .away. Son

nl!!'edful 10 m.ain IhV house _ Wnen !:hl!!"!! .a,1!!' g.ai

r rlehes .a,1!!' of a ail if one bl!!' ".rea ry

heu wou Idl!!"!!t De ake 'Straignt I'll .affa I In due order. do of ehi e own !POU I. Sou nd sha II r'!!1!!'··tnel!!'··_ If hI!!' n l: If '.!'lIe ry '!!f:l1!!'e OU nlm. that hls In.al whic:n i'!! e I!!'Y In.al are gu Id find a !rtr.aighl

heu bl!!' .among f:I hl!!'.an_ On!!!' that tnel!!'·· • H I!!' that orde

sha II py 1'1 I'!! cond uet, I

tny y !pn.all bl!!' fl!!'d;

sha II I!!' f:I,ovldl!!'d witn oDe h hi'!! bl!!'lly. hI!!' ea (?). h - body i!p gress (?) ODeyeth 1'1 I'!! Del

L te., mfoml ble.

~ ttl~ b .",. prE'~,--"illbIY.

!ioe man. Degll't a!PO for thl!!' pll!!'a n u r'!!1!!' .afte r thin!!!' e mf:lle. If ne him all that i'!! go . for IhV!POn !P 01 In I ne hl!!'.an fro nlm. 0' Ihin needle'!!!p .and Ul!!"!!f:I '!!!P tny ru 11!!'!p at ee meth from 1'1 I meuth De .a

may De fitting_ K hlm from I

a nded. for it i!p Ih tn.al m.akl!!'

not a'Stray. but I!!'V that lo!ioe I I!!'I, bl!!'a ring'!!

n

, of mun!:ii. .aa a - nning of Ihl!!' day. enll!!'rlng .and ma k ress, Thl!!' eeuneil c: rd.an!:e wllh metn

y!P aeeerdi I!!' nOI a D'!!l!!'n g report, wi mbl!!" .a!:le . It ls Ihl!!'

10 1'1 e '!!Ie ps 'IOu '!!hall 1 lIne '!!I!!'.al ria rull!!';

• m.akl!!' for tnY'!!1!!'1f tn nOI hls ceu Im'!!e If duly baee y n.aml!!' shall bl!!' g ce sha II De •• '!!I!!'e n

di'!!gu'St in place i'!! In!POlenl tow.a,d ho!ioe end tn an I!!'n!!!'mv- ~

-.~ob.DI1

I I I

aeeeunt

lme ; d i';.CO'llle r thy can wet whe il 10 the envoy that h i-s report ; for that wn h::h h knowll't hat hI!!' will op ea U'!!I!!' I haw spo

that thou ha'!!! e ·oined II tn Ing'!! a OM I .n 'I!!' I!!'mbl!!'reth Ihl!!' da

I lsh of f.avours; II

r, De graci us w e the hl!!'.a,keM!rt unlO I I!!' '!!I=II!!'II!(:

not hl!!'!p1I til.!' 10 INl!!'r Im!ioe If of In.al wh - 1'1 ne hat

I ng hi'!! Inju'Y_ Ll!!'1 10 Inl!!'e may De

ld, "I u!ioe he- -tha Judge·

tles .a,1!!' m de to 1'1 m co !::I!!'rn I ng it. by InO'!!

IllAugn hl!!'.an 1'1 .a,kl!!' etn 'I!!'.adily.

hl!!"!!ilAll!!' wrong tn it. happen

inte'l!!'!rt. bll.!'Wa re eons dOM. No, i'!! It 1=1 for tne pi asu re

Ihl!!'reby; - ls a ,

what hI!!' th. e i

P') no la

ma lii:=e. .a d til in ne r (?) a l.ad varl.ance su nde'l!!'ln the Ihl!!' gl rd II!!' all

l Th I!! illK:rJiI U"iIIl"'SI iU j Of'! ~1.1!!.~.allw

d hip n .anv .abodl!!' !P f,i nd; whl!!"l!!"!!ol!!'VII.!'r I OU goe

pla prO'!!l=Il!!'reth whl!!' in th.at -

. .a In usa nd me n ha'lll!!' !P .a d I!!'am. EVII.!'n dl!!'ath

ne e -I 11vII.!',. OM Ie.av

frem .al

OVll.!'I I the fa II Ihl!!'reinlO. II of Ihl!!' da ughre r n ·Iaw; - '1!!'1n unto it.'!!l!!'lf all 1!!"It11!p; il I i'!! ju'!!! flou,i'!!hll'tn; 'ulh gol!!'

tl!! mav bl!! corrupt.... intl!!lligi bl

e 1 I n FDlJ'Dllm Boou I

or in the dwellins of

ot mverou!p pertv. !:Ie nOI v.ail'.!'lh mere hls Mign DoU I"!! for '.!'ven.a I"

sha rss. n !Peitl w.ud In neign He··lha ls

r wllh .a genlle nun cometh '.!'mf:llY from f 'Sf:I'.!'ech_ One n.alh leth_

L n.al" " Inlne arm!p.. e, I bs, Gladde n rot

• a nd love tny wif'.!' oil ls tne rem'.!'dv of r !Pne i'!! .an '.!"!!tat'.!' nu!rte,I.!'tn har me re th a nd that tow.a,d

U n.a!!l; it i'!! tne dulY II i'!! ha rd to !io.ali'!!fy ne knoWeth nOI tn.al Ihin kl.!'tn. 'w'.!' ls .a wne n f.avo U I"!! n.ave dwe lleth nOI In tn.al

e rsre: fer il i'!! Ih'.!' '.!'ei:h ls ,'.!'pe.ared 10 ot reg.uding it tn.al rnmma nded 10 do .a nee. fer it i'!! .a thing i!p Ine veil over il.

re f:I,oflta till'.!' unlO V b'.!' eppesad bV an !ppe.ak on '.!"lIe ry kind unlO proof.


I I I I

eo.- ~, •
~.
ou be IJOW"e u I. ma thy-;elf to be honOUr-eQ fer Ir;n
leness, Spealr; with au o rity, tn at is, not a'S it ftJ.llowi
that is hUlT1b -whe h i,gn Iv IJlacerJ-falletn into er
broughr low.. BI.!' not !pIle nt. bu bl.!'
word'!! with hl.!'.u .. Put it. f.u frem h~
Thl.!' wratnful e.an !P a kl.!'tn fil.!'ry wo,d!p; it. d.anetn 0
I.!' tha I a ppro.a hl.!'ln. pplng his f:lath ..
I 'lI!(:konl.!'tn eceun all the d.aV f:la'!!!Peth not.an n.a f:lV
I gladde neth hls hl.!'.a a II thl.!' day provldl.!'ln nOI for h
n nlneth tne ark. a Ihl.!' !rteersnun re.aL':neth land, b
!pn.all L':omm.an d .. j
not.a prlnL':I.!' I.!' hinde d wne n ne I'!! OL':L':uf:lied; ne IIhl.!'
hlm In.al ls l'I.!'ady dl.!'n .. For hI.!' shall bl.!' ho!rtlle
1'1 nlm. bUI '!!h II DA,I.!' ls seul unto on'.!' tn.al loveth him, Thl.!'
of is wllh thl.!' • and n.al wn lL':h He loverh i!p His Cfl.!'a "on ..
nt qua rei; De at f:lI.!'.aL':I.!' wllh 1'1 I m that is
ls such u ls that m.akl.!' love to grow,
ruet a nobll.!' i ing!p as De profitable unto 1'1 lm:
ivl.!'d .among his !PAlisf.aaion fa lion his ma I.!'r. 0
n dl.!'pendeth uf:lon ls will, BV 'I.!'.a!POn of II Iny b Ily
; tny DAL':k wi bl.!' eler I.!'d tne'I.!'bV .. Let him reD.!'Ne ehi ne
euse m.av flo tn In'.!' honou r··lf thou wl'!!h It 10 f u
,HI.!' shall e:w:r a klndlv ha nd, Funhl.!'r. hI.!' sha I Imf:l
Inee In tne IhV f,ie nes .. FOr'!!oolh. il is .a '!! ul
~
28, hou De Ihl.!' nun of Ihl.!' f:I,i'.!"!!thood. .and
II.!' tne muilitu I.!' .. , , , !ppea k thou withoul f.avo u ring 0 it.
!PAid: -HI'!! L':O dutt I'!! hat of thl.!' noble'!!. f.avou,ing 0
II Tu rn Ihine a m tow.a d ex.att juLigmenl!P,
1';0 s 1f'llirE' J b", diver "!'!fOr OIi , iIIltE'rI"ilU~ wort; OIf'ld pliII"'J l'lillpol
Tillctd i§. E'vhlE'mly mE' rrtif'l C-OIse of U'lE' '§.tE'E'~mOlf'l.
~ni s rtion rl!!rl!!l"!i to l"I!!iati rn bl!!lwl!!l!!n "tile son of .a nobleman and !i. r,
dW1!!1 on "tile benefi from r r pupils in high places, if iheir sc DI
bee I" '§.illrrt.
~An e zm n FDlJ'Dllm Boou

-.~ob.DI1

II I

.jJ forme.- time, havins 10 inrJ h ilT1 not after the tim d

It.

of nOM aeeeunr. and n.a gotten ri !rt knowl to tnel.!';

eu .an not tne I.a!rt; a nothl.!' ha II come In Ilke·fo rtuM .and 'Stalion.

unto tny en I.!'f. Ihine overs.ee, in tne Ki deth upon is wI.!'.altn. and Iny ",..,age!P i thl.!'ir!Pe In at q u.a"I.!'1 tn with hls i:hief. fer one I" '.!'tn on Iy

uses of tsna t'!!; Mitne, !Olea I tne things I.!' In tn 1M bea rl whicn Ih'u!rteth D.ai:k tn haa n. 1 will do Ih'.!'e an i Jury. Qu.a"I.!'lling in place f,iend!pnl

!P'.!'I.!'k oul tne natu re of .a frll.!'nd..a!p II nOI of his; but pass .a ti I.!' wiln him a lone. that the W h hlm ane r a season; te!P1 hi!p hl.!'.an In hI.!' ath lold tne his f:la'!!t life. hI.!' hath m.adl.!' n of:lf:lo eil e r bl.!' .a!Pn.a I.!'d fer him or bl.!' fa mlllar whim. 1:1 1'1 I neth '!!f:I'.!'ei:h. Mitne, .an ,1'1 1m .a tnY'!!I.!'lf from him. Mlthl.!" in rru pt (?) nom II ls f:lo!P'!!ible to bl.!'nl.!'f .

b'ighl wn.al I me thou liV'.!"!!t_ Tn.at wn Ii:h goeth Inl ml.!' out Ihl.!' f,om; and b,ead ls to bl.!' '!!h red_ HI.!' t a Inml.!'nl sh II him!Pe1f n.ave a n em Ptv belly; hI.!' '.!'tn nlm'!!I.!'1f to serrew, T .ake nOI !pum


ered of ilT1 in the

en th i ne affai.-.;. .-e in evi case, thy a nnel (7') whic: ls f.lllI!d. It ls mo~ ; and tne wea of one !P'Sll'tn to son i!p a glory u 10 him.: .a d a good

bly··tne'lIl'IJIIitn.

a nunl.!'r of m - rtu na.

1I!d. w.anlon of I.!'a rt. not known bV

kl nd unlO ne r r .a 'Sj:lace 'SI.!'nd ne r

n nne!P'S of her ne rt 'Shall e em thV

'!!.aid unto tne • all tny d meaneu r a l;tv of truth I among t eir ~I· I.!' moutn'S of I e j:lI.!'Oj:lle for Ihl.!'1 r

In.al hath hl.!"I.!' en !ioe1 d wn !:I.!'.a!Pe

ade .a j:lattl.!'rn I.!'~ by P nces !pn.all

ruet .a ma n how ne sha 11!p a Ie. ane r be!:oml.!' as on !pkiliful i obeying" .a,d them, Go fortu ne ha II bef.all

r.a k. HI.!' shall be g eieus to ne end of . Hi!p knowlll!dgl.!' n.all bl.!' h - guidl.!' (7')

1'1 sha II j:I'o!Pp@ r hill.!' on .ann. Tne

II!dgl.!'. A'!! 10 In prln!:I.!'. I hls tu rn, longue nudl.!' !rt .aighl_ An ··1 n tne!Pe hall 'SI.!'I.!'. and I'll sars 'Shall near. that I.!' dea I J u'!!tly. vo d of deDi .


ltenr in h a ring, €i( eltent in '51' ble, and t e CI berJ- nee of an 0

his fatne,;

'Son !ion.all De ild as .a

hath !iopokl.!'n, He shall bl.!' mory'Shall I.!':w:i'!!t_1

h nat

Ih

of

her- noll nd me in hI.!'

hl.!'iI!d II.!'!P'!! 0 .anv u II.!'

I.!'dienl ma n lone 11'1.11 is I.!'rf in

I hath bl.!'I.!'n I.!'nJo I.!'d nd hls goin ly_

on Ine mor ; but undl.!'

r Ihl.!' fool I.!'!io a II bl.!' aU!ione

I!! gn!'.atl!!r art or ni~ l!"flu our I.Je'f'II If'! ('" an, es


I I

hI.!' all

-.~ob.lII1

I II

wi';.dom lT1i~rtun jnilT1 eve

pri es, livins in de th e ry day, He i';o sh u n ne reason of tn rnu I - ude of afflit:tion';o th

n

T.ake nOI another.

him; mer lime tho dll!(:lare.· ow

De f.amou'!! in ing!p and [ust i rrlve. a nd !pIn II !PAV. ·Su re Iv

.a F Ilowe, of Ho,u!p, 1 He . ne 'I.!'a!:hl.!'ln honou rand i!p '!! ns .and d.augnt.'.!'f'S. '!! n I !rtruct.'.!'ln.a!P did hi!p b tu r ··'!!j:lI.!'.ak wiln tnei, sen I.!'ir del.!'d!p, LI.!'t tha I whIh lifl.!' of IhV child ran, rt- -lrom them, And !P an n.alh !ppoken 10 su Iv In.al rna n WCI'!! IIl'Xpe .

tn.al shall di,1I!(:t Ihl.!' multll

dd one; !Pet nOI on'.!' i h~lf,

.an hl.!'.a,kl.!'nl.!'tn unto I Iho!ioe that hl.!'.a, Ih'.!'e 1'1 '.!':Itaa (7') llps, In.al

rt overflowl 'bul refrain tny mouth_ ngst nobles • .a d '!! mly bll!fo,I.!' IhV lord. nded_ Sucn.a on a II !ppea k unlO thl.!'m hls Degettl.!'r ha II I.!' favou red, Aj:lj:lly In

tn I '!! such that tne no

r

l rbe "rOil f.8~ljilll')§.l lIlill of MI!! . ~ A won::! or LIlk OUI of plill pi"!!! a!' d ~ , rM!'

or ttOt'n'§." are oil E'SE'f'I iiiiii' d'!!IN'§.h' of demlaod J DE'liE'VE'd

t'lIIE'd ror illOOIJt 3,.4 ~,'§. iIIIler U'IE' teiBf'l or rus, iIIl"d D r re


-.~ob.lII1

I I I

e be hesr of hy lord to thee. How r he hath co e fro..., him, wno ha rn: and tn wn ich i';. done fer h i mnundl.!'d

ins of a nWhile re then of Ihl.!' putteth

ilion. Ihl.!' bodV shall

cont.'.!'nl in all .and theu !Pn.alt. ga

tn.an I a v I.!' pa !:oed ul=l0n I.!' nh.. I ha'lll.!' g.nhl.!'~ I.!' Ilfl.!'. fe Ihl.!'.::1 ng ha t.e~d upon me fa'll

tners; this bl!t:.au I wrougnt uulh .and Ju!rtl

age.

shall bl.!' I fewe,

Fmm I !:Iegl n n ng To 11!p En Even As, Fou nd W,iting.

nun fIou rls eth. thl.!' I.!':t:aa on'.!' i pr h unto thl.!' a n of '!!ill.!'n!:I.!'. Wldl.!' j is ; but kn 1'IIe a ~ p~ PA,I.!'d aga In

nertnO'!!t I.!' '!!I.!'.al of hI.!' nun n.al fo,!:'.!'t .a PAlh.

v of peopll.!'. dl.!'!pI,I.!'

Ilk'.!"!!l; hert ls Ihl.!' lime ''.!''!!Ita Ining tne h

.abomin ion; I I.!'~ In ls Ine q u.al;tv of.a t.ea'!!t .. c:neth I I.!' ehi • a nd a me Ihfu I of melon su p tn Ing st ndeth 0' good nes but seme sma II In I n D.a!:oe n ls ne n.al is go'Itl.!' ed by his bl.!'lly; ne d

, .able fill full 1'1 I'!! Ily in men '!P houses.

at theu V I'!! an , qusnIhl.!' hea A good '.!'tn fer pi nry .. ~ A th only w en ne I'!!

Lcomf ~ This is duly irn rtad wl'\ilt be eats i~ ft'~rd'§. I.JiliI h',

.aplJoiIllmtly 'tile iI partake mool!!l"iIl.ety of

s !CIOO iII~ rest. ttl~ !)Ot'IiOf'l will be

I.JSI'I ~ r erI 0 r ill s ft' B.iI td '§. (f.JiI "'I i IY .

Lt!lh IIlI!!


I III

If thou d inlr; with a rJru

4_ If .a

n bl.!' lacking i !iOU r of faO!!' 10 n I'!! motne, eu .an '!!ilenl I

an, Tel kl.!' tn.al whic: n

eed fl.!'lloW'!!h p. no '!!f:lI.!'I.!'Cn hath a "I I a rd Ihl.!' gl.a • haa rted that are ki d 1"1 nd hi!; frll.!'n d a nd a II me n ··cry··. Let

tny mouth I.!'n tho u a rt .add ress

ha ughry baea '!!I.!' of Iny mig t In thl.!' m Id!rt of th

HI.!'WCI re nuk Ing wi fer 0 ne kn '.!'tn nOI Ihl.!' Ihing!; n.al

do whl.!'n HI.!' pu n I!;netn,

'Mill ng Ihi'!! book. !io.a~ngs, I And Iney ea in 'Mitlng, An irs Ilmit'!!_

we,I.!' livl ng HI.!'uni p.aned. .and s.enforu. WCI'!! e nth,one

HI.!'glnn n ne,I.!' tne In and 10 'Egyf:ll. Se J u'!!tified 1 HI.!' '!!f:lI.!'a keth Lo,d of t e Wo,ld:

ns and d.aug c:ond uet of Id unto tne

rs 10 bl.!' summen d.

I.!'n_ And thev m.a II

ryt

• Ihl.!' King of u ppe' e King of upper s a gr.ai:iou'!! ing O'Ltl.!'r Ihl.!' wnoll.!'

uaion nudl.!' by tne maJI.!'!OtV of f:I'e b·RI.!'. '!! n of thl.!' Sun. A hu!; In di'!!i:o ,ing wo,d!; of truth n

l A cere oni.;U UUe illPI)· d 10 dE'reiI'§if' PE'~0f'I~. OIf'lililosol.1§. 0 "Juslilied is not an I!!lCilrl ndl!!ring. but i is usual, and will Sl!!

11:'1 lillIe,"


I II I II

Th

J he '5.51 ith. even .51'5 the U miJy re isn ever the I exce lin ,good ness.

!!tOM nklnd g tn m .lIon ke fer t

tnei, ne.ans unlO OM t III nOI tn 1M hea rt witn

thl.!' I.!'.all.!'r of mv food t .II nud

mlM hands. hI.!' !:'I.!' dl

In mv fl ne liMn rsgar tnem'!!I.!'ive!p witn my spl

r Ihl.!' lIl'Itl.!'nlng meal, and ni I

1 I.aV down upon mv De •

'!!Ie pt._ And 101 wl.!'.af:lo !P nDuning me, 1 .a!:ted as ne ser

had fr1!'l!!d fr

IIlI!! f ign

o l

e 1 I n FDlJ'Dllm Boou

I I I

'", ~~.

fer I wa';. witno nee-my power, I

a saila nt'S? A~ assa !:urtlng th,ougn a I ey did, ~ Hut mi'!!fo 0' .n tne,'.!' e:w:i'!!t'.!'d tne

lie _ I cast the Nubian u!:e'd th'.!' Aslatl!:!io

ro-ft'SE'f'lC"I' wi. I'II~ se , .atl.e'l1"1Jl.e'd .a~iI sina - and north, of s t::i


_. foraDltom1.noh.lII1 I r=r=:':

IS.

sin n iog, let me 'Set it in order laC€ of tnat wn ich i'5 in tn ine on Ihl.!' OIt!!f:I,ing of tne God. fa lses whl.!'n In thl.!' l:Io.n of R.I. ; not by mv doing. wno n.ave ke Dea utlfu I thV tomb. I n.ave I de'!!l re not that hI.!' shou Id bl.!' tnee.

e In n DIJ'DIIm Boou

I I I

HE DEAD"

tit I I.!' of wnlch. ·~n I.!' ." has

t.el.!'n a r oU!P1y Ita '!!Lnll!d "eemin fortn bV day· .and tn

tlon d y. I i!p .a g~ t body of ~11g1 us rnmf:lo!pllion'!! ee f:I u!ile 0 Ine d.a In Ine ther world_ It i'!! probAble In.al tne n

slgn Ifl a nee r hI.!' Egy la ns whic:n ls i c:.af:la til I I.!' of bl.!'1 ng ~ d ,

modI.!' n lAng • and ls rne oul bV.a olne r of it'!! tllle'!!··· I.!'

ma kin f:lI.!' thl.!' Khu· ·0' spl rll_ Te dl.!'.aling wllh Ihl.!'

dl.!'.ad nd Ih r Ire In Ihl.!' we rid bl.!'vond I.!' gr.ave a ~ known

I I.!' Eg~I· ns as ea rly as 4000 H .C. Thl.!' olde e d know to us i'!! 'I.!'p~ I.!'nted in tne Pyta ml

m u mm lcatlon a me compll.!'1e fUn'.!'r.arv ri

pe that ui:n ee'I.!'mon - !P.a!P II 1m pmll!d 'IJIIOU ferever, and int.-a u lmcsr ilT1 med iately I' ha'V'e be€ n ,given come the sod of rom the preserved

';.pri .-e hOlT1e of the '5l'i

arJol;It rneasu res

ity than the l'eriorJ - I ndeed, fro i ntema I evide nee it i';.

n 'W'e.-e revi';.erJ or erJiterJ lon,g befo

re made Even at a';. ea y a date .51'5 3300 B J ';.iona I write ho tra ns riberJ the anci nt tern al'l'ea.- to a I'un by t ei cemen that they ha Iy unrJel'"5toorJ thei I' 8urJ,g stares I' e sre in any C(J';.e j U'5t" erJ in esti matins the

of the work t the lou ndation of t e

VEARSOLD

o lBIB FlllJ'Dllm Boou -.~ob.lII1

1 1 1 II

ratic in-sr.;:ription upon th -sa reo pnasu,;- of ue entu-hetep, a kins of the e levenrh rJ'fna';ty r.;:,,2

a in chapter of the Book the OearJ wa-s i

p-ri. tne finn king of tne rst d~n.a!OtV. wno OU

. sarcophagus afford'!! us I eoples of the sal i:h

f Ilowlng Ih'.!' ether, That as '.!'ariy.a§. 2500 B,C .a e (]re.ad '!!hould De ref'.!'rred I .a d.al'.!' a ImO'!!l 20 0 u nd Ing, and tne mind ,'.!''.!'I DeMn:! tne ide.a f.a p.atatlvely unien'.!'red D.!' lu,je§.. eou Id ha '.!'

, ula .almo!!l unimj:la I,'.!'d. T

k of Ih'.!' O'.!'ad wa'!! ''.!'ga u II of i:omj:l,'.!'h'.!'n'!!ion. II til of Que'.!'n Kn ne m·n'.!'fen De.ars oul tn.al tn e oV'.!',I.!'d II a bout 4266 B.C. I it we,'.!' m'.!'re iy d I pe rleds of ,'.!'mol'.!'ne'!!'!! II betW'.!'e n that e first ,I.!'d ueed 10 wrllin TI'Ie de'!!(:rlj:llio pn.agu§. of Ine m~ I lad !Ot.ue'!! that "thi'!! u datlens De neatn tne Owe 'in Ih'.!' H '.!'n n u '.!'r'!! in tne tim'.!' of th'.!' ki g of Ine Soutn .a

I§. tn..th·; .and Ih'.!' !'lie D'S'.!' I Pa pyru'!! !io.aVS tn

e i:ity of Kne mennu. 0 r He polis. 0 n .a blo k 0

rs of la pl§.·l.atu Ii. und'.!'r t e feet of tne god It nn Pa pyru'!!. wn 1m d.al'.!"!! f' m tne pe,iod of Ih'.!'

.a Ih'.!' na me of Ine flnd'.!'r '!! H '.!'ru -ra ·!.a·f. tn

IChnem-nefert. 00 B,C" ';tate-s tn rerJ in the .-eiS hl.!'d a bout 4266 pte,. one imml.!'d I .aj:lle r of tne Bo rs Defo,'.!' that Ii i'!! .aditlon wn leh. ding n'!!'.!'f\I".!'d a rellg ago a pertlon nl, mvste,iou§.. ne In!ilC:rlj:llion on pte, in questlon ,'.!'d .al that '.!'.a,IV nd Ih'.!' lime wh th'.!' eha pte r on

ne tim'.!' e ng.aged in a to , of In§.peaion .a '.!"o I§. doubrfu I eenesrni g tne 1m porta nee h'.!' '!!tat'.!'m'.!'nl regA,ding lema pte, on In rt. bUI M. N.Nill'.!' i:on§.ld'.!' Ih'.!' eha pie r in q

e a ppsars frem wenry·'!!irt.n dyn of Cneop'!!. wno Ih tam pi'.!"!!. Si, Ga hi 1'1 should De .an.a

til of Qu'.!''.!'n Knn mIn

§.·,'.!'Iil.!'f of Ih'.!' saeend dy .a!Oty b'.!'.ars a n In a e of a i:'.!'rt.ain j:I,i'.!"!!t tne ferm u la of Ih'.!' II

o sands of Jug§. of a I '.!'. II .and forth. se eom

that 4000 vea rs I:L(:. it as ''.!'gCI rd I.!'d as a reI" iou'!! dury to P ,ings of m'.!'at and drink r tne d'.!'ad. and th '.!' '!!'.!'e m'!! 10 De

I '.!'nee. from Ih'.!' n.atu re of h'.!' fo,mul.a In qu • that it had Dei:

.and ,itu.aII!OtIi: bV Ihi'!! j:I'.!" , Thi'!! j:la'!!~ a ppe.a, 10 ju'!!t

of Ine sa reophagus of Ih wif'.!' of Me ntu-h few !:e ntu rles I

the time of 5enereru. c. 166 B.c., the cu It rJearJ h arJ eJt:pCJ

Iv from the arch iteetu ral i nt of 'l'iew, anrJ 1.51 r anrJ more impe ins

n d'.!'dic:.at.lng 10 h'.!' nd loa'll'.!"!! of til ad,


I II

r tn.n I.!'.am eha pte r of Ihl.!' Boo of Ihl.!' In • .and it is prob.abll.!' that thelr in u!plon an we rk we,I.!' !pp~.ad ov.e r ma ny i:I.!'n u rlss, It. - '!! refll.!'a eha ngl.!"!! In rhsoleglea I 0 I n Ion. bu II would '!!I.!'I.!'nt nov.r.ev.e r, that Ihl.!" of tne chapters.

much

do not fin len i:omf:!,ising Ihl.!' Book of the I.!'.ad as a n of Una • 3333 B.C .• wnO'SI.!' pyr.amid 'IJIi.a!P 0 nll!d In

pe roo Tn on'.!' w.all!p we,I.!' i:oV'.!',1I!d wiln I

lphsrmen I.!'!:au!ioe of Ihl.!'1 r a rc:n.aic: eh arac:te, .a

y frem t Book of the (]read. Conlin u I ng hi!p

f:!I.!'ro rna e hls way Into thl.!' f:!~r.amid of TI.!'1.a dis oV'.!',1I!d In rlf:!lion'!!. seme of wn Ii:h wl.!'~ idl.!' tlea I wit

f:! mid of U • !PO that tne e:w:i!!ll.!'n!:e of .a fully f rmed

bV ne tlml.!' f Ihl.!' first king of Ihl.!' !p1:w:rh d~n.a!OtV wa'!! f:!'o '!! we,I.!' fo d In thl.!' tom b of PI!:! pi I. 3233 1:1 .C. rem tn ls

bl.!'fo~ I elesa of Ine '!!irt.h d~n.a!Oty filtl.!' co II.!"!! of .a

I ng thl.!' k of tne DI.!'.ad of In.al pe rled • .a,I.!' n evldl.!'n

n ob!ioef\l".!' Ihl.!'~ I'!! su b'!!ta ntla I proof that it'!! I.!'~ mon la hI.!' '!!'.!'COnd nd preba bly In Ine first.. d~a'!!fV- 1 t'.!':w:t'!!

Ioyed unnl tne saeend c:enluty of I e Ch,isti.a

p rov icI e rJ ten- th e 1T1- 'V i ct 0 riD u '5 J a nd it';. inha bita nrs were bette IJenrJitu re entiJilerJ upon thelT1 by n 10 thl.!' hi!Ototy of ~Iigion. 1 n In 'I.!'lgn of in poIn!p of Ihl.!' 1M of thl.!' Book of I e DI.!'.ad a n. Tne .aulnorltv fer In ls ls tne ru ,ie:'!! attae '!!tat'.!' tn.al tnev we,I.!' found in'!! ,iDed uf:! rs of la f:!is·la.!ull in Ihl.!' timl.!' of that me n.a'i:n.

ei(IJenau-na a tohavl.!' I eartaln

bloi:k of

THE THREE RECENSICftS

'.!'e ~O!!'n!plon!p 0' V'.!'rslon!p of tne

HI.!' 10f:!011ta n. I.!' Thl.!'b.an • .and tne Saill.!'. Tne HI.!'I f:!olila n

II!d d bV thl.!' f:! ie'!!lS of Ihl.!' Colll.!'gl.!' of An u, 0, an. known 10

HI.!' 10f:!0Iis • .an as b.a!ioed upon te:w:r!P nOI now raee ra bll.!'_ Pepi centa in the origina I texts th i';. re eolosical ";y';te1T1 i ntrod ucerJ by the prie

.ad··lne n ion 'IJIi.a!P

'I.!'I.!'k!p as mid!pof • which f;:a. The


I II I I I

e~entials of the I'rim on Iv moc:I ification in th Fta- I n later time'S the ri '!!ul=l'I.!'macv of a~,is. n mode rn rert'!!_ Bet we I.!' I edired a num De, of f,I.!' 1'1

aine the rJoari e of wledS the

Ine e 'I.!' On

Thl.!' Tne D,a!P Rl!O:!n!plon w '!! much In vogul.!' from Ihl.!' twenry·!ioe!:ond d~a'St- s. upon !:offin'!! in hie rog P others, bUI .al=ll=ll.!'.ars 10 .a

Thl.!' Sa It'.!' RI.!'!:I.!'n'!!ion twenry·!pI:w:rn d~a'!!fV. nll.!'ratic: a nd de motl!:

Pt.o 1I.!'m.ai!: pe'iod,

As, we have 1=I'lIl'Itiou'!!ly tne moml.!'nl wne n Ih M.agi!: 'WCI'!! Ihl.!' very min 1=1 ·ng of IIl'X1!rten!:I.!' in tn.al sph rs. '!!l=Iirlt 'WCI'!! acqua Inll.!'d Ith Ih fo,mula!' wn I!:h rnml=ll.!'llI.!'d ne r

v.a,iou!p god'!! .and de n'!!.a d '.!'ve n of Ina n ImAte obj

Thl.!' region 10 wn I!:h tn d .a de p.aned. Ine l=I,imitive Egy

Thl.!'V bl.!'li'.!'ved II to De of tne body of O'!!irl!p, 1'1 'WCI

.and gloomv. eenra Inin f fl re and dreadful mon!O'l'.!'

ea rtn. and w,a!P In it'!! t tairrs, Thl.!' p.an of It In of mingled dl.!"!!I.!'n and not nope to 'St'uggle

tne paths Ih,ougn tn ls 'Y.

tn Ing, .and u nde r tne

pr.aal'!!I.!'d all sorts of h!rtl to the MWCOml.!". unle!io'!! b

of 1=I0we, hI.!' eou Id 1=1' h!pu pe,iorltv ove, them, B

dell!d:a Die p.an in In I'!! 0 id 'I.!'gion· -tha SI.!'khl.!'t H '.!'t@1=II.!' wn Ich !:onr.ainl.!'d thl.!' k ru, 0' Ihl.!' FII.!'1d of R'.!'ed'!! god O'!!irl'!! and hls co p.a V, AI first ne n.ad domain Du.al a 10M. Dut grad u II 1'1 '!!u~I.!'dl.!'d in e:w:rl.!'nd ing

eou ntty of Ihl.!' dl.!'ad. 0 hI.!' w,a!P mona 1"(:1'1, WI.!' find a I'SO

Ouat nalT1erJ Ouati, b I'l'ea rs to have been mD a I'

of the r€sion than an lse. Now the wi'5h of all SOO lT1e

o lBI B FDlJ'Dllm Boou _. foraDltom1.noh.DI1

I II ·-·r----

to the Ie insdom the prayers and ritua IT1O.-e ea-sily pen tra way!P·· by land a d b eha n that by la a nd boiling wa wiln ew:il !ppl,it'!!_

S LE

A h~mn of pra I genll'tn in Ihl.!' la

• Homagl.!' 10 lee. Ha rnui:hi'!!· -rhe '.!'V'.!"!!. and··wne 10 tny '!!I.!'ttlng In hl.!'.an of Ine Ma ,

a nd all IhV fo'.!"!! unlO tnel.!' • .and Ih'.!'e as theu '!! n k bl.!'.auliful at mo n .an mv lord.

• Homagl.!' 10 th theu '!!'.!'tt.e!rt··ln· bl.!'a ·Nul.··O thou Ih'.!'e • .and I.!'verl

a nd at I.!'ve. Tho

I.!'.anh ls flooded witn before ever the a IT lord, 0 on Iy On ,tn

anrJ to tnat end they ad he Book of the Oead, in 0 the .-e,gion of bli'5';.. T i-s t ey misnt

te, _ Thl.!' poIlh by 'lJll.a1 r !P no whit

'!!'!!CIge of Ihl.!' sou I bl.!'1 b rred bV st

I.!' DAnks of Ihl.!' ,ive n vlg.ued

wnen ne ,i'!!ll'tn upo . O!ii,i'!!. thl.!' '!!i:,ibe A n I

•• .a •• TI.!'m· He,u khull·· TI.!' red· ·bV me whl.!'n·th b utles are lI!fo re m ia nO!!'· ·f.aIIl.!'ln· ·uf:lon·· V· body. Tho go'.!"!!t fo boat wiln ··fa I,· ·wln s, nd tny haa ls gl.ad; e

Joi!:e IIh_ Thou !!I,ide , Ihl.!' hea ns In pe.a I.!'.

own; Ihl.!' neve N'.!"!!ti g rs !pIng ny ns of pra !Pe

wn Ii:h ,'.!"!!t • .and tne wn Ii:h ne , f.ail glo .

,'.!"!!t In tne horlzon of OU wno rt

eve. a thou lerd wno lilt a nd .an a bli'!!hl.!'d a

. Tnou ,i!Pe!rt and sh In'.!'

ownl.!'d kl ng of tne go magI.!' u

d n'.!'ver·i:ha nging erd , I.!' btaceth I '.!'e .al m rn ove, tne hl.!'.aven. be I gl d of haa rt, nd Ihl.!' L ke rsat-: Tne SI.!'DAu Flen 1'1

hath .a f.air wind; Ihl.!' 10 port. Tne gods of t e pra I'!!I.!' thl.!'I.!'. 0 thou d '!tIn su b'!!t.ani:I.!'. frem wh

i to bl.!'1 ng. Thou '!!I.!'nd '!!t rtn Ihl.!' rd • .and e

nee, a thou only an

rJ the mcunta in';. cam in e;lli';ten~. 0 runnel" 0 a ker of thins';. whic:n .-e, now ha'5t f ';.h iened e


I I

-.~ob.lII1

I I

nsue of the meth tarth ed land of rem tny noruils rem IhV merher -. a O!pI,is. ma ~

th ,go ';. hou hast prod ucerJ .-

u 'SlJrinse';t u IJ n-a..., them ever e 'Snuff the a ir whir.:n cometh rth north wi nd whic:n cometh f nh glorleus my 'Shin Ing fo,m·· 1'1 U· I· -ba ··1 Thou art wor'!!hipped· 'S. thou a ~ '.!':Italted bV 'I.!'.a!PO OU witn I.!' r.a'f!io of highl upon my body d.a ib • Ih I II ,of Ine divine offl.!'rlng'S of a II

of I.!' lords of Amu·AbvdO'S··. thl.!'

"Pta 1!Pe unlO I H.a,m.ac:n I!P··. wn pta 1'1 ·Soeke,· TI.!',n

m Dr.ao:!th thl.!'I.!' tny path, Tn arth 10 !pnlne .a ead··rl'SI.!' up to ne n Ihl.!' Disk rl nev bl.!'nold Ine

I.!'1e rn Irv. unn'.!'fe,. HI.!'ru·k 1'1 tl·· nd wnO'SI.!' .anrlbull.!'!p a ~ maJe lord of Ine hiddl.!'n place. and Ihl.!' gods- ·lhl.!"I.!'ln··. tne gu Id whl.!'n thou 'S'.!'t'b.!'!rt in NUl. away tne fll.!'nd!p frem Ihl.!' m

Ame nt.et • .and thou ma ~'!!t I.!'

I.!' who n.ave la In down. i.e.. I.!'

OF OSIRIS

ne!Pe we,I.!' !Pefla at and d rinlri, to he body.

ge 'IJIi.a!P fou nd .a fllnl inseru

ne dyn.a!rth:: fll.!'rlod. 'IJIi.a!P u!Pe in h mouth- of Ihl.!' dl.!'ad • .a fart n.al I.!' a i:=1.!'~ mony 'IJIi.a!P fll.!'rformed on I thl.!' soul, or !ppl,il. 10 .acqui,I.!' Ine r world, In this ce'I.!'monv '.!'eth of thl.!' dl.!'.ad man. and !P belll.!'ved. to acquire thl.!' floW'.!' 10 IJ rfc rrn a II the natu ral fu ncrien of


Cha prer Of O.,e n:

• .aV Ihl.!' good ruh

Ihing!p. I.!'V'.!'n thl.!' Tn h. bl.!'ing fllll.!'d ba d.age!p. lIl'Itl.!'n Ihl.!'

TI.!'m 1'1 u rl Ihl.!'m

Ih m bad:, May mv uth t.e of:!I.!'n

wi 1'1 his i,on k n Ik! w e'I.!'wiln hI.!' of:! n de!io'S Sekh'.!'t... and !p1I upon •• my. pi Ine g'I.!'.at godd !P Sa 1'1 who 10f:!0Iis··_ NoW as nce,ning eve

bl.!' spoken against • m.aV Ine god ,

on of the comp.anv f Ihl.!' god'S with

f:!I.!'n mv moul .a d m.av Ihl.!' go

w.aln lng'S whic: I.!' ove, mv m

nd fu rn l'Shl.!'d eha rms.

ic:n rene r mv u fettl.!"" me-

Ine n.:

eha pt'.!', of Cd usi g tne Soul to b Osirl!p Ani uiu m n.anl. 'Sa IIh:

ee I.!' unto ml.!' frem

se I t.e broughr un ml.!' from wne r it. may bl.!'.

Ey of Ho,n!p rundi g by Ih'.!'e like un Iho!ioe t.e I

Os rls • .and who MV'.!' III.!' down in de t ,LI.!'t not thl.!' III.!' down In dl.!'ath.a ong tnO'SI.!' wh se ls .a,I.!' joinl.!'d u Ihl.!'ir Dod I f:!o '.!"!!!plo n of my b,a. !iOU I·· • .and of in '.!'\Ie ry f:!1.ai:I.!' whl.!' !P a k, for it. n.alh

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm Boo I II I

Journev in pn.anl. nu e .along witn II 'IJIi.a!P if'.!' look upon body neitn

Thl.!' en.af:!1 tne pa lace. In of tne pala •

putt'.!'!rt .a me.an!p of I I.!' I with Ine··'!! .aboul on I V nuve!rt be aD coming uf:! of tne m

o taw alons he boat of the lord t e u nde rwor a nd who !'Nice it er i nta--th ir-""'5l'iritua I bod ies, a d wn 0 elute you, we.af:!on!p tlght, '.!"!!t of tne su n I.!' glad and thl.!' gtl.!'at od And bl.!'nold gr.anl yl.!' tn.al Ine se I of thl.!' geds .and tn.al rt of thl.!' '!!ky 10 folio

; ·.and tn.al II V n.ave·· peace. pe !:e i

ria I bodV. m y it 'I.!'!rt uf:!on it'!! splr

I 1'1 nor !puffe, rru ptlon fO'I.!'ver, II

I.!' 10 be !PAid 0 r a soul of gold Inial w Dre.a!rt of Os rls.]

ivl ng evil re Ilealon'!! from thl.!' a ncellor·in·i:

I.!' ehanea Ilor·i

of

ulle'!!t off

memory of il tn Ing'!! from thl.!'

nUllon'!! wh - 1'1 tnev n.ave wiln In m. if'.!'!P wiln wn h thou looke!rt uf:!on Ine • .and 1I.!'t tn f.a!:e De ··tu'n'.!'d· -be I nd ine sla ughll.!'re rs of ff tny hl.!'.ad • .and to violl.!'n!:e •• '!! nt- by IhV lord. and 10 , theu for m !PO tn.al tne me mory e t nOI mv hI.!' d bl.!' cut off; 1I.!'t not V D sh ut f.a!rt b raase n of Ihl.!' laea n tlon Ing to In.al whicn theu d o'.!"!!t fer Ine

tnev n.ave -In In thl.!'m!ioeIV'.!"!!_ G Ih

Ine two !Ppe ehas wh leh Ihl.!' god I.!'!io'!! e c:.a!rt Ihl.!" rnlll.!'rtion of '.!'Vii In I '!! u

Suti his en my, ';.iJying, 'Let thy fa b

u on that fa whir.:h cometh to rth ro

-.~ob.DI1

I I

Tn n Ing Ihl.!' tomb Ihl.!' 'Soul··.and·· hI.!' 'Shade of

I. Ihl.!' lord of ,1Il'It !"en!:I.!'. born of I I.!' I.adV of tne he 'I.!'!Otha. uiu pha nt, se that h m.aV eome fe h by d.aV a nd a onion ove, I'll flel.!'t, HI.!' 'Sallh:

Ho rus a8iJ ';t tbee fro..., with n the Eye of Te ..

n iSht wn ir.: osha II censu me ee. And Osiris

a i nation of t ee wa-s in h i...,; an thou d irJ';t So

of hlm i'!! In h'.!'e_ I n.ave gon'.!' aek fer tne abe

and theu 'Sh II go bad. fer th a bomin.alion 0 I.!' i'!! in Ih'.!'e,

d!rt eeme un me. bUI I 'Say tn I thou sha II nOI d

10 .an end • and- ·1· ·!i.aV Ine n 10 tne divln'.!' 'Sl.augn

I l'.!'tting Ine se u I of Nu. uiu mph IIh:

u wno a rt ado I a theu mighry

of u I!;. thou di one SouL theu pos I.!'r. who dost p

I.!'.a, of tny!ioe into tne god'S. Ih pen IhV thre

!Oty. I pr.av t I.!' 10 ma kl.!' .a w.aV 0' Ihl.!' ba ··'Soul·· .a d fer Ihl.!' khu. a ha Ibil··'Shad ··of Ihl.!' overs.el.!" of Ihl.!' pa lace. I I.!' ha neeller-l n-e I rlumpha nt- nd 1I.!'t 1'1 I m bl.!'·· p Ided thl.!"I.!'Witn l.am.a perfea 1'1

n.ave m.adl.!'· mv- ·w.aV unto Ihl.!' lace whl.!'!"e In d II R.a .and H ather •

known· ·bV tne d .abll.!' to Ir.an

hi u f:I,ovldl.!'d ··witn hi!; 'Soul .and e sha II n'.!'ver bl.!' I.!'ld Uf:lINe .al .an

ing in 0' In ming out.]

Fram the- Pa

whir.:n wa';. -shut ta'5t bath b n opened, tnat ';..jJ'f, he tn

in deatn--n h been openerJ- rh at wn ich wa-s 0 en natn been h


-"~ob.lII1

I II

to IT1 'Soul th rc u

then rJ lT1e anrJ the re head of a, who';.e rirJe';. sre 10 ns a

Jo u r e~ng··_ I ha made fo my!ioelf a w.aV.

rong, I am Ho nJ'S Ihl.!' avenge r of hls th along h" diw:ine f.a I.!'r. and wno b

s of hls ses re (?). An Ihl.!' way !ion.all De

ver hi'!! fl.!' .and ne shall 'S

I'S .a,I.!' coun '.!'d tne'I.!'in at Ih uj:l_ Gra nt In.al tne '.!'VI.!'

nt to De fl upon tne fore

'Soul 0' mI.!' • .and d.a,kn'.!'!P'!! uj:lon

nold st Osi,i'!!_ h. kl.!'I.!'p no ea ptlve my sou I • • bUI II.!'I .a y bl.!' ope I.!'d fer mv soulem •• 'S'.!'e Ih Great G in thl.!' 'Sh,ine on a nd let· ·Ih m- • 'II!(: II I.!' I e utt'.!'ra ness of he guard tne me meers of d wno 1'101 ea ptlve Ihl.!' !ion.a wor evll.aga I nst me. 'So tn.a tnev !ion.all· ·nol·· w.aV fer IhV do bll.!'· ·Ka •• .a g wlln Ih'.!'e .a

prej:l red by 11'10 who kel.!' wa rd over Ine

bold ea ptlve Ihl.!' 'Shade'S of ea rt sha II·· net- old Ih'.!'e ea

d I\rln nte r, but theu 'S

tny Dod V !rtr.aI.!' .and gua rd Ihl.!'

rk I.!' "I against m a 10 g witn ··tny· mDe of O!iol,i'!!. sha II • net- keej:l I I ha Ih'.!'V De Ing II n.a

of Osirl'S_"

(From rhll!!

j BrUIm Mu

ne I.!'a'!!t in tne u

"Ha II pn.allu'S of R.a. who tn ro gh 0ppo'!!it.l n (7'). tne mlill ns of vea rs, I am stron mlgh . If I !PAil a V or if I b horn ,. or-es CIt ers ';.a'f_. if n'f evil a nd abo me the fea';t the rJe'l'i ,the I'ha Ilu';. of

pa rt'.!'!rt from t i:~Ie!io n.ave r eha n Ihl.!' !rt

n w- out move g. I m mlghlll.!" Ihl.!' .a!rt In rough inab thins be d 'Sha I be ';.wal


rl I

with-th

r I jour €'f alons CI ma k .-e.,1y unto pera '5" II be thru';t

f Te m long witn ast, 0 r if Ih

lio in gOM

of de i my pre'!!I.!'nce. or If .anv

uf:! me."

fie

Tne chapter pn.anl. '!!

(From

p

!!iof~lIl'hl

Nu

I.!' a eks of violl.!'n!:e· wllh Ine k n Ire whic:n ls in tne ha

violl.!' !:I.!'··I n.ave '!! itte d I ha out Ilbati ns reat d IvlM dV· urish- ·mV'" k n rs of tal an

the thim of "i

_. foraDltom1.noh.DI1 I ·-·rI----

SenolrJ ye m Annu, for I a wno dweller nu i 1Il"SfV. !ioe t .and let nOI d

uls of

Ilk'.!' .a gOO!ioe. g,'.!'.al dew, I -me 10 rnnd

a long a boar I

e 1 I FDlJ'Dllm Boou

I I I I I

in the city of Un n j-Herm

... witn tn of my own

e Ie.llt IIl'St t 1'1 e Iny f:l1a!:e In I

oat as thou g IIl'St rtn to Iny lion

a~,is. Ihl.!' I.!'I"!!I.!' r of Ihl.!' pa I O!!'. I

u, trlumf:l a nt. the f:lI.!'rfl.!' Kn. unto IhV

hls 'SIren h.

heu do!rt pass Ih,'.!'e c: Diu. Ihl.!'n ve, t, Ihl.!' pe Khu.··1et hi I.!' nl!;!rtre tn. Hall. na, in

sou I. 10 'SIa n Ra. in IhV na

to Ih'.!'e and th rlly do thou u, uiumf:l nt. .and let 'I.!' '.!"!!ta Dli!; ed by. ·11'1 I'S··C

en wr

u on Ihl.!'

vetything I 'SI.!'1f unto Ine followe I"!! .ai:I.!' 10 fa witn Sef:llet·· d .along - 1'1 hi!; kin!Ofol

a nt'S to gl.!' mln.ate upon h Iy sha II m kl.!' Ihl.!' highl

e did fer I.!' maJI.!'!OtV of I

e zm FDlJ'Dllm Boou

I I

-.~ob.lII1

I I I

The Wisdom of The Egyptians - 9781605064529

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

The Wisdom of The Egyptians - 9781605064529

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

EASY !

You might also like

The Wisdom of The Egyptians - 9781605064529

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

The Wisdom of The Egyptians - 9781605064529

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

﻿EASY !

You might also like

EASY !