Professional Documents
Culture Documents
VOLUME
03
CUTTING EDGE 2
COVER STORY
ENERGY & WATER:
FINDING A BALANCE BETWEEN
ESSENTIAL RESOURCES
The incredible expansion of shale gas developments in
North America has brought with it an expanded demand
for water. Nalco stimulation technologies ensure that
water management is sustainable, both environmentally
and economically.
15
FEATURE STORIES
A SHARPER FOCUS ON DESALTING PUTTING THE OILFIELD UNDER ON A SUSTAINABLE PATH TO MAXIMIZING PRODUCTION AND
Faced with widely fluctuating THE MICROSCOPE POLYMER CONTROL ASSET INTEGRITY
crude oil prices, reduced Complex technical challenges Many of the products that people Many of todays oilfields have
utilization rates, stricter are nothing new to the oilfield, utilize daily, from automobiles to been producing oil and gas for
environmental regulations... but sometimes problems arise food containers, share a common years, and as they mature, they
that cannot ... petrochemical face an unavoidable fate...
4 7 10 13
building block...
For more information about the Nalco technologies featured in this issue, please call 1-281-263-7000 or email CuttingEdge@nalco.com
For example, Canadian crude oils derived from oilsands production are often characterized by higher
solids contents, higher total acid numbers (TAN) and higher densities than benchmark crude oils. With
typical discounts of $8 $10/bbl, one North American refinery stands to add $3.5M per year in profits for
every 1,000 bbl of Canadian crude processed without upset. But without the right strategies in place to
manage known processing challenges, this profit potential can erode quickly.
CUTTING EDGE 4
Typical problems associated with opportunity crude processing include: A Dynamic Development
Oil undercarry and/or oil-coated solids in the The Nalco Downstream Research Group has constructed unique
desalter brine effluent laboratory-scale equipment to more accurately simulate the desalting
process. The Dynamic Visual Desalter (DVD), for example, generates
Impacts on wastewater treatment operations water-in-oil emulsions under flow conditions and operates at normal
A wider emulsion band stabilized by asphaltenes desalting temperatures and pressures, making it capable of simulating
or inorganic solids challenging process conditions observed at refineries. The emulsions
are subsequently separated in the presence of elevated temperatures
Reduced dehydration or desalting efficiencies (up to 250F), elevated pressures (up to 150 psig), electric fields (0
Solids carryover leading to higher fouling rates in 6000 VAC) and chemical demulsifiers. The desalting cell is equipped
the hot preheat exchanger train with a glass window to observe the interfacial rag layer (Fig.1). The
new simulation equipment allows Nalco to investigate potential
Increased energy consumption, corrosion, and other desalting problems and develop site-specific control programs prior to
downstream impacts to the FCC, coker and other units deployment at a customer site.
Danger to Desalters
As the first unit operation in most refineries, the desalter may be
severely impacted by opportunity crude processing. The role of the Oil
desalter is to effectively wash crude oil and remove contaminants
that could lead to fouling, corrosion and quality problems with the end
product further downstream. In the desalting process, the crude oil
stream comes into intimate contact with a small amount of wash water
(ca. 5 vol. %) to extract salts and other contaminants into the water Emulsion
phase. The resulting water-in-oil emulsion is subsequently separated
inside the desalter vessel by employing electric fields, high temperature
and demulsifier chemicals. Using laboratory testing and a detailed
audit of the crude unit to provide chemical, mechanical and operational
Water
recommendations, the Nalco RESOLV Desalter Management Program
is designed to mitigate the negative impacts described above in the
downstream processing unit and wastewater treatment plant.
CUTTING EDGE 5
50% Rheostat 80% Rheostat 100% Rheostat
2 ppm max 1 ppm max 1 ppm max
100x 100x 100x
Fig. 2. Dynamic Visual Desalter (DVD) Fig. 3. Optical micrographs of emulsions generated at various
settings of the mixing pump
A desalter simulation trial was performed to gauge the effectiveness of Nalco technologists are using the DVD to develop new
the grids for coalescing an emulsion (Fig. 4). Raw crude oil (33 API) was desalting chemistries. Possible applications and/or
treated with 13 ppm emulsion breaker. The desalter inlet temperature simulation scenarios include: iron, calcium, inorganic
(250F), wash water feed and mixing rate were maintained constant solids and other contaminant removal; rag collapse and
throughout the experiment. Samples of the raw and desalted crude oil and control with various emulsion breaker chemistries; oil
effluent brine were collected after processing at each voltage condition for undercarry control; and dehydration aids. Projects are also
one hour. The raw crude chlorides and BS&W (basic sediment & water) in development with various customer research groups to
were 130 160 ppm and 1.0 2.0 vol. %, respectively. As expected study upset scenarios and challenging situations at refinery
for normal desalter operation, salt removal directly correlated with the locations processing opportunity crudes.
desalters ability to dehydrate the crude oil, and dehydration efficiency
increased with increasing applied grid voltage. Optimize the Opportunity
Projections suggest that the percentage of opportunity
40 7% crude oils will increase from 5% of all crude processed
Extractable Chlorides (ppm)
35
today to 11% over the next two years. The increased
Extractable Chlorides (ppm) 6%
usage of opportunity crude oils as refinery feedstock will
30 BS&W (vol %) invariably lead to more frequent desalter upsets. The ability
5%
to anticipate and offer cost-effective programs to manage
BS&W (vol %)
25
4%
these upsets depends upon the ability to recreate field
20 observations in the laboratory. The Nalco Dynamic Visual
3% Desalter is a unique simulation tool that allows KPIs for
15 desalting to be measuredindicators that are unobtainable
2% from conventional static test equipment. The ability to
10
provide the customer with simulated trial data is another
5
1% reason why Nalco is the essential expert in opportunity
crude desalting.
0 0%
0 500 1000 3000
Grid Voltage (V)
Fig. 4. Extractable chlorides and BS&W of desalted crude oil
CUTTING EDGE 6
Putting
Oilfield
the
Microscope
U N D E R T H E
CUTTING EDGE 7
Comprised of highly skilled researchers with extensive analytical Fluorescence Microscope (XRFM) to the Nalco suite of analytical
and application experience, the team provides a diverse range tools. This novel characterization tool combines capillary X-ray
of analytical services to both support current customer needs optics with a video microscope capable of 100X magnification
and develop the next generation of diagnostic technologies for (see Figure 1). The end result is a transformation of optical
increasingly challenging oil and gas production environments. observations into elemental maps.
Analysis in Action
In materials analysis, the location of an element can often
be more important than the concentration of the element,
a fact that was made clear in a recent collaboration
with a customer in the Gulf of Mexico. The operator
experienced poisoning of their Minox catalyst and was
1 mm 1 mm
looking for the cause.
Photo of sliced Minox bead a) Elemental map of aluminum in bead
Minox catalysts, palladium on an aluminum oxide bead, are
used for effective removal of oxygen from fluids, primarily
the deoxygenation of seawater prior to injection into the
formation for pressure maintenance. The active palladium
catalyst resides on the surface and its concentration is
small relative to the total weight of the bead.
concentration of 0.1% (w/w) zinc. However, it did not b) Elemental map of palladium c) Elemental map of zinc in bead
answer the question, Where was this zinc? Was it in bead
evenly distributed throughout the bead, or did it reside at
the surface where it was deactivating the catalyst? Elemental maps of the sliced Minox bead (upper left)
acquired by the XRFM show that the beads interior was composed of
The answer came by slicing the Minox bead in half to a) aluminum (upper right),
acquire an elemental map of the bead using the XRFM. b) palladium resided on the surface of the bead (lower left), and
c) zinc also resided on the surface of the bead (lower right).
The analysis showed that the zinc was in the proximity
of the active palladium catalyst, thereby deactivating the This indicated that zinc was in the proximity of the active palladium catalyst,
catalyst (see adjacent images). thereby deactivating the catalyst.
CUTTING EDGE 8
In another example, Nalco recently collaborated with a West Texas customer to analyze the
composition and structure of a sample of calcium carbonate scale, a common and problematic form
of scale that provides flow assurance challenges in the oilfield. In Figure 3a, one can clearly see
stratification in the sample, but what does this signify? The XRFM was able to discern details that
could not be observed using conventional techniques (Figure 3b). X-ray mapping showed a distinct
chemical difference between the two halves; while both halves contained the same amount of calcium
(39%), they differed in their relative concentration of sulfur and strontium.
700m
Fig. 3a: Calcium Carbonate Scale Fig. 3b: Elemental map of edge via XRFM
This guided the Nalco team to conduct additional analysis of the sample using X-ray diffraction
which indicated that the two halves were actually different crystalline forms of calcium carbonate:
the top half was calcite while the bottom half was aragonite. Continued elemental mapping of the
sample using the XRFM showed a distinct blue line at the leading edge of the aragonite surface
which was attributed to the presence of strontium (strontium has been shown to play a role in
precipitation of aragonite1). The XRFM did not detect any other elements along the leading edge of
the aragonite, thus the presence of strontium sulfate was unlikely. Carbon and oxygen cannot be
detected using the XRFM, so the data was consistent with the presence of strontianite (SrCO3), a
compound with an aragonite-like structure. With this knowledge in hand, the Nalco team was able
to develop a tailored mitigation strategy to address both crystal forms of calcium carbonate scale
present and identify the presence of strontianite as a likely template for aragonite formation.
1
Sunagawa, I., Takahashi, Y., Hiroyuki, I., J. Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences. 102,174-181 (2007)
Minox is a Trademark of Minox Technology AS.
CUTTING EDGE 9
On a Sustainable
PATH
control
t o p o l y m e r
CUTTING EDGE 10
STYRENE PRODUCTION
shutdowns. An inhibitor provides superior control during normal
operations; in fact, the faster the reaction rate of an inhibitor, the more
effective it is in reducing polymer formation.
Technology Offers Cost-Effective,
Sustainable Polymer Control During emergency shutdowns, a retarder is essential to protect
the unit from excessive polymer buildup. For example, should the
From automobiles to food containers, many of the products
plant lose power, it may also lose the ability to pump hot process
that people utilize daily share a common petrochemical
stream out of the distillation towers and to inject additional inhibitor
building blockstyrene. This ubiquitous molecule, which
or retarder. The extended residence time at elevated temperatures
is most commonly produced in a catalytic process starting
can cause excessive polymer buildup if not properly controlled, and
from ethylene and benzene, must be purified in a series
in severe cases, a solid block of polymer filling the distillation tower
of distillation towers to yield high-quality, polymer-grade
can result. An inhibitor may be quickly consumed, without any means
styrene monomer. However, at the elevated temperatures
available to replenish it. Due to its slower reaction rate, a retarder will
encountered in these towers, styrene may undergo a self-
remain effective longer for prolonged protection. The ratio between
initiating polymerization reaction, which negatively impacts the
inhibitor and retarder should be carefully considered to provide
efficiency of the process and the yield of monomer produced.
optimal cost performance during normal operation, while ensuring
safety during a shutdown.
An Integrated Approach to Polymer Control
Two types of chemistries are commonly used to prevent Rewards Carry Risks
styrene polymerization. The first, a class of slow-reacting
While DNBP is a reliable and cost-effective retarder, it is also highly
nitrophenolic compounds known as retarders, slow the
toxic and requires stringent handling procedures to minimize exposure
inherent polymerization rate of untreated styrene. The most
risks. In addition, residual DNBP typically exits the styrene unit with
common retarder is 2,4-dinitro-6-sec-butylphenol, or DNBP.
heavy tars, and while the tar stream can be used as a fuel source, the
The other type consists of a group of compounds called true
presence of DNBP presents NOx emissions concerns.
inhibitors, which are proprietary, fast-acting formulations that
more effectively lower the styrene polymerization rate but are These risks have led many countries to regulate DNBP usage in
consumed much faster than a typical retarder. As Fig.1 shows, recent years. In 2009, Thailand became the first country to place an
once the inhibitor is consumed, polymerization resumes at the outright ban on the use of DNBP. This increased regulation, coupled
rate of an untreated system. with internal company mandates to improve safety practices, have
motivated solutions providers to develop so-called green retarders
(GRs)more environmentally sustainable alternatives to the highly
effective, though highly toxic, retarders used today.
UNTREATED
Rate of Polymer Formation
INHIBITED
Two main criteria must be followed when developing a GR: it must
be less toxic than DNBP, and it should have similar polymerization
control properties (i.e. reaction rate). Cost is also a key factor in the
adaptation of GR technology. While the GR concept has existed for
RETARDED some time, the costs of such products have been prohibitively high
until recently. Nalco Prism GR technology was developed specifically
to meet these criteria. As Table 1 shows, Prism GR not only exhibits
lower toxicity than DNBP, but it also has lower water solubility, a
desirable property that reduces the risk of contaminating the water
Time
system in the event of accidental release. It also has a negligible
potential to generate NOx.
Fig. 1 Comparison of Relative Reaction Rates for Retarders,
True Inhibitors, and an Untreated System The GR demonstrates comparable polymer control to DNBP, and
provides protection during an emergency shutdown, as laboratory
test results indicate (Fig. 2). In addition, manufacturing process
Styrene polymerization is optimally controlled through a
improvements have made Prism GR technology cost competitive
combined use of an inhibitor and retarder, which ensures
with DNBP.
polymer control during both normal operations and emergency
CUTTING EDGE 11
Table 1. Comparison of DNBP and Prism GR
DNBP 27 52 250
Assessing Risks
To prevent catastrophic events and polymer solidification during an emergency shutdown, many plants have emergency
shutdown response procedures in place. These procedures commonly include gravity feeding cold ethylbenzene to dilute and
cool the tower contents, and using generator-powered pumps to remove the tower contents or to add supplemental chemical
additives. One can often estimate the time required to carry out these procedures to the point where the tower is considered
safe from polymer buildup. This time varies widely from plant to plant due to differences in emergency response mechanisms,
specific column design, and operating conditions.
CUTTING EDGE 12
Cleaning to the Core
Many of todays oilfields have been producing oil and gas for Another side effect of fouling is the increased potential
years, and as they mature, they face an unavoidable fate: water for corrosion in injection tubing, pipelines and production
breakthrough. The onset of water production brings increasingly equipment, leading to high replacement and maintenance costs.
complex and costly disposal challenges to an operator. The most Compounding the challenges further is the tendency for these
popular method for disposing of produced water onshore has been oily deposits to act as a breeding ground for common oilfield
reinjection into the formation or into disposal wells. The injection bacteria, leading to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC).
of produced water has always posed issues for producers, chief Whether this buildup takes weeks or many months to occur, the
among them being increased restriction of the wells due to the inevitable outcome is the same: increased incidence of leaks,
buildup of both organic and inorganic deposits. These deposits higher operating costs and decreased production revenue.
may form on filters, in trunk lines (Fig. 1), in downhole tubing, Typical composition of these deposits can be seen below (Fig. 2),
or at the sand-face around an injector, limiting the amount of although the composition may vary significantly from field to field.
water that can be re-injected into the formation. This bottleneck
Other
in the process can lead to reduced production, a problem that Sulfur 3%
is only compounded if the water is also being used for pressure 9%
maintenance in the reservoir.
Biomass
10%
Hydrocarbon
Sand 40%
10%
Iron
14%
Fig. 1 Heavy
Asphalt
foulant build up in
14%
a produced water
injection pipeline Fig. 2 Typical oilfield deposit composition from produced water systems
CUTTING EDGE 13
.18.
INJECTIVIT Y BPD/PSI
new patented technology for cleaning heavily .12
resulting in a clean and protected pipe that 8/30 9/6 9/13 9/20 9/27
DATE
10/4 10/11 10/18 10/25
CUTTING EDGE 14
COVER STORY
balance
formations means that some form of stimulation is
required to extract the gas entrapped in the rock. The
most commonly used stimulation methodslickwater
fracturingis a hydraulic fracturing technique in which a
water-based fluid is injected down a well and out into the
shale formation at intense rates and pressures, causing
the formation rock to fracture and opening up channels
between essential resources for gas to flow to the wellbore. Slickwater fracture (frac)
jobs use an aqueous-based fluid containing a polymeric
friction reducer that allows for faster pumping of the fluid
into the formation, and a granular propping agentor
The incredible expansion of shale gas developments in North proppantsuch as sand that is carried into the
America has brought with it an expanded demand for water. formation and serves to hold the fractures open once the
Nalco stimulation technologies ensure that water management is treatment is complete.
sustainable, both environmentally and economically. Technological advances in friction reducers and
proppants have made hydraulic fracturing an increasingly
Natural gas plays a key role in meeting the worlds burgeoning energy reliable and trusted stimulation technique for shale
demands, and its a role that is only expected to increase. In North America gas, but a major challenge remains: water. Each stage
alone, discoveries in the last six years have uncovered vast reserves of of a slickwater fracturing treatment requires tens of
natural gas in tight shale formations. These reserves are estimated at more thousands of barrels of fracturing fluid, 90 to 99% of
than two quadrillion cubic feet of natural gasa 200-year supply providing which is water. Furthermore, each slickwater treatment
more energy than Saudi Arabias 200 billion barrels of oil reserves. generates a great deal of wastewater, much of which
is the fracturing fluid that flows back out of the well
These discoveries have coincided with a rising demand for clean and efficient post-stimulation. This flowback water, combined with the
energy sources, making natural gas production from tight shale formations production brine or produced water coming out of the
an increasingly attractive enterprise. reservoir on a long-term basis, creates a serious water
management challengeone which Nalco is devoting a
great deal of time and resources to solve.
CUTTING EDGE 15
Shale Gas Plays, United States Lower 48 & Canada
BASINS SHALE GAS
PLAYS
STACKED PLAYS
Shallowest/Youngest
Deepest/Oldest
Nalco Adomite has worked with our Well Service Company partners in all shale plays shown above
to implement successful fracturing treatments through the use of our diverse product line.
CUTTING EDGE 16
80 80
ASPFFR900 ASPFFR900
70 70
% Friction Reduction
% Friction Reduction
60 60
FR-B FR-C
50 50
FR-C
40 40
FR-D FR-E
30 30
20 20
FR-F
FR-E
10
FR-F
10
FR-G FR-G
FR-B
0 0 FR-D
0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5
Time (min) Time (min)
Fig 1. Friction reducer performance in produced water from the Woodford shale Fig 2. Friction reducer performance in synthetic Marcellus produced water
(9.9% NaCl, 1.8% CaCl 2 , 0.4% MgCl 2 , 0.1% KCl, 0.08% SrCl 2 ) (10.6% NaCl, 3.4% CCl, 2.9% CaCl 2 , 0.03% FeSO , ); Friction reducer
Friction reducer concentration = 0.033% concentration = 0.033%
Figure 2 shows the performance of the same seven products in produced Nalco has established a set of comprehensive standards in which a
water from the Marcellus shale. These results demonstrate the need for chemical cannot contain:
careful screening to find an optimal solution. For example, while product
Any BTEX, carcinogens, teratogens, reproductive toxins
FR-B provides reasonably high friction reduction in less than 1 minute
in Woodford produced water, it provides very little friction reduction in Any priority pollutants (U.S. EPA List 40, CFR) or U.S. EPA Safe
Marcellus produced water. Drinking Water Act contaminants
Chemicals that would be considered persistent, bioaccumulating,
Evaluating various friction reducers under a range of water conditions
or toxic by North Sea standards
to find the ideal solution for each field is just one way to improve
the cost-effectiveness of an operators shale assets. Another way is From this set of standards has come an award-winning dispersion
developing improved chemistries that comply with new and more rigorous chemistry known as ULTIMER, a technology that eliminates the
environmental regulations while also maintaining high performance, even hydrocarbons and surfactants required in standard latex polymer
in the harshest of fracturing waters. chemistry, thus providing environmental sustainability gains. Winner
of the U.S. Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Award, Ultimer is
Meeting the Challenge, Reaping Rewards a strictly water-based chemistry that yields more soluble dispersion
As shale gas fracturing activities keep expanding, water demands products. These products exhibit greatly improved performance relative
will keep rising. Meeting this demand while adhering to tighter water to standard latexes, particularly in heavier brines and marginal waters
usage and disposal regulations can be done, but only with a smart and with high hardness levels. In addition, they are highly effective in cold-
sustainable water management strategy that includes produced water. water conditions, where other polymers struggle.
The Nalco Adomite Research Group will keep developing more robust
and versatile fracturing chemistries that will work in any water system, One of the most recent additions to the Ultimer product line is also one
ensuring that operators maintain sufficient water supplies to complete of the most environmentally benign. ASPFFR900 hydrocarbon-free
their frac jobs and feed North Americas growing appetite for gas. dispersion polymer meets Nalco standards criteria and exhibits very low
ecotoxicity under North Sea test protocols, as the table below shows. In
Ultimer ASP FFR900: Environmentally addition, the polymer has exceptional friction reduction performance in
Friendly Slickwater Fracturing waters of even the poorest quality.
Hydraulic fracturing has historically taken place in remote areas of North
America, but no longer. As activity picks up in the Marcellus shale ASP FFR900 North Sea Ecotox Data
(spanning five states in the northeastern U.S., including Pennsylvania
Test Desired Value (s) Result Conclusion
and New York), fracturing treatments are now being carried out in more
28 Day >20% >20% Inherently
populated areas and are being met with increasing public scrutiny. As Biodegradable Biodegradable
the industry becomes more regulated, it will need more environmentally
Log P < 3.0 -0.9 Non-bioaccumulating
compliant chemicals.
EC50 (72 hr) > 10 mg/ml 166 mg/ml Generally non-toxic
Skeletonema
costatum
CUTTING EDGE 17
NEWS AND UPDATES
Nalco launches new India Technology Center
In August, Nalco opened its new, state of the art Technology Center in Pune,
India. This 38,000 square foot facility will be a primary support center for
the Energy Services business. The facility will eventually employ more than
100 chemists and engineers of which approximately three quarters will have
advanced degrees. The facility will focus on providing technical support to our
customers throughout the Eastern hemisphere. It will subsequently transform into
another Center of Innovation for Energy to complement our other global facilities.
The facility also includes an advanced analytical technologies laboratory that will
provide diagnostic services to a wide range of customers.
CUTTING EDGE 18
Publications & Industry Presentations
UPSTREAM DOWNSTREAM
Achieving Sustainable, Optimal SAGD Operations by Observations from Heavy Residue Pyrolysis: A Novel
Erick Acosta was published in the Journal of Petroleum Method To Characterize Fouling Potential and Assess
Technology, 2010, 62(11), 24-28. Antifoulant Additive Performance was published by Chris
Russell, Ron Sharpe and Simon Crozier in the September
Optimization of a Microbial Control Program to Minimize 2010 issue of Energy & Fuels 24, 5483-5492.
the Risk of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion by Vic
Keasler and Brian Bennett was published in the September Analytical Characterization of Sediment Formed in Soy
2010 issue of Oil and Gas EURASIA. Oil-Based B20 Biodiesel by Timothy P. McGinnis and Kim
B. Peyton was published in the September 2010 issue of the
Analysis of Bacterial Kill Versus Corrosion from use of Journal of ASTM International, Vol. 7, No. 8.
Common Oilfield Biocides by Vic Keasler, Brian Bennett
and H. McGinley was published in the proceedings of the Mitigate Corrosion in Your Crude Unit by Nigel P. Hilton
8th International Pipeline Conference paper # IPC2010- was published in the September 2010 issue of Hydrocarbon
31593, 2010. Processing, Vol. 89, No. 9.
Analysis and Identification of Biomarkers and Origin Opportunities, Problems, and Solutions a paper focusing
of Color in a Bright Blue Crude Oil by Priyanka Juyal, on the desalting of heavy and high solids crudes, by Brad
Andrew Yen, Stephan J. Allenson , Amy M. McKenna, Ryan Mason and Sam Lordo was published in the March 2010
P. Rodgers, Christopher M. Reddy, Robert K. Nelson, A. issue of Hydrocarbon Engineering Vol. 15, No. 3., 48-57.
Ballard Andrews, Esha Atolia, Oliver C. Mullins, and Alan G.
Marshall (a joint publication with Florida State University, Quench Oil Fouling and Viscosity Control in Primary
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and Schlumberger), Fractionators by Maria Beata Manek, Meha Shah, and
was presented at Petrophase 2010 and was published in Daniel Frye was presented at the March 2010, 13th Annual
Energy & Fuels 2011, 25, 172-182. ARTC (Singapore).
Study of Live Oil Wax Precipitation with High Pressure Fortis Metal and Popcorn Passivation of Butadiene
Micro-DSC by Priyanka Juyal, Tran Cao, David Fouchard, Units: An Environmentally Friendly Alternative by Jessica
Andrew Yen and Rama Venkatesan (a joint publication with Hancock, Maria B. Manek, Robert Presenti, Lisheng Xu
Chevron), was presented at Petrophase 2010 and was also was presented at the September 2010, BASF Licensee
accepted for publication in Energy & Fuels. Experience Exchange Meeting (Vienna, Austria).
Flow Assurance in the Ultradeep/Deep Water Regime Process Gas Compressor Fouling & Washing Mitigation:
was given by Stephen Allenson as the keynote address in A Better Understanding of Fouling Phenomenon &
the Flow Assurance section of Petrophase 2010. Compressor Design Techniques was presented by Satoshi
Hata, Junichi Horiba, and Sheri R. Snider (joint presentation
A poster entitled Development and Application of a Scale with Mitsubishi Japan) at the March 2010, AIChE Spring
Inhibitor for Electrical Submersible Pumps Suitable for Meeting and 6th Global Congress on Process Safety.
Very Cold Weather by Kevin Spicka and Sandra Linares-
Samaniego was exhibited at the 2010 SPE Moscow Oil &
Gas conference.
CUTTING EDGE 19
Nalco Companys Energy Services
Want to work. . .
Division has outstanding opportunities
for excellent scientists in all areas of
the oil and gas industry. From the
perforations to the gasoline pumps,
Nalcos team of scientists provide In a dynamicenvironment,
cutting edge, cost-effective solutions to grapplingwith some of the
critical real-world problems. Whether most critical research and
its helping to maximize oil and gas
technologicalchallenges
production in a declining asset,
ensuring the safe and reliable
facing our worldtoday?
production from extreme environments
like ultra-deepwater, or minimizing Alongsideworld-class
energy consumption during refining scientists, renownedglobally
operations, Nalco has a team of highly
for their technicalexpertise?
trained scientists driving innovation in
this technically demanding field.
For a companycommittedto
Our global R&D Center is located in makinga differencein the lives
the beautiful city of Sugar Land, just of the worlds population?
outside of Houston, Texas. Our new R&D
Center serving the eastern hemisphere
is located in Pune, India. We have
excellent opportunities at both locations
for outstanding, innovative scientists,
preferably with a PhD in a technical
discipline. Prior exposure to the oil
industry is preferable but not a
prerequisite. Strong communication
skills, a willingness to travel, and a
creative, positive attitude are essential.
Nalco Company offers a competitive
salary and an exceptional
benefits package.
We rely on the diversity of our workforce to drive our growth and success. Our competitive salaries and benefits,
as well as unlimited opportunities for professional growth and development, make Nalco a great place to work. EOE
RESOLVE, PRISM, Clean n Cor, ULTIMER, ASP, Fortis, Nalco, the logo and the tagline are trademarks
of Nalco Company. 2011 Nalco Company All Rights Reserved. 02/11
ADV-1300