RESULT :

OBSERVATION AND
CONCLUSION

NO EXPERIMENT REACTION OF REACTION OF REACTION OF

METAHNAL ETHANAL PROPANONE

1 Tollen test Observation: Form Observation: Form Observation:

silver mirror on the silver mirror on the No silver precipitate
surface of the test tube ( surface of the test tube formed
grey precipitate ) ( grey precipitate ) Conclusion :
Conclusion : Conclusion : No reaction

2 Oxidation Observation: Observation: Observation:

The purple colour turn The purple colour turn The purple colour
brown ( precipitate) brown ( precipitate) turn red ( precipitate)
Conclusion : Conclusion :
Conclusion :
No reaction

3 Fehlings test Observation: Observation: Observation:

Formation brick-red Formation brick-red No precipitate formed
precipitate precipitate
Conclusion : Conclusion : Conclusion :
No reaction

4 Brady test Observation: Observation: Observation:

Formation of yellow Formation of yellow Formation of yellow
precipitate precipitate precipitate
Conclusion : Conclusion : Conclusion :
DISCUSSION :

For the first part of this experiment we are carry out the Tollen test for formaldehyde ,
acetyldehyde and acetone . From the experiment can say that only formaldehyde and
acetyldehyde give the positive test . Since the formation of silver precipitated ( silver mirror )
on the surface of the test tube . On the other hand acetone , would produce theoretically a
negative result, because no silver precipitate would be formed for the TollensTest. This is
because no reaction would happen to facilitate the formation of the silver precipitate.

For the second part we are going to conduct the test for oxidation of formaldehyde ,
acetyldehyde and acetone in the presence of oxidizing agent of KMno4 ( potassium
permanganate with dilute sulphuric acid .Theoretically, formaldehyde and acetyldeyhde
would give positive result. Since they would be oxidized by potassium permanganate to form
brown manganese dioxide. Upon experimentation, acetone produced the expected negative
result, since a faint red color was produced instead as brown. The absence of manganese
dioxide, which gives the brown color,can be attributed to the inability of potassium
permanganate to completely oxidize acetone. Since acetone is stable, it has a tendency to
resist oxidation, that is why no manganese dioxide appeared. The red to purple color change
can be attributed to another unforeseen reaction of acetone with potassium permanganate. We
can say that only aldehyde can undego oxidation this is due to the existence of hydrogen
atom attached to the carbon-oxygen double bond in the aldehyde .

Next part is fehlings test . For this experiment acetyldehyde and formaldehdyde were
expected to produce the red cuprous oxide precipitate. On the other hand, acetone were not
expected to form red precipitated .This is because when aldehdyde treated with fehling
reagent it was oxidized by the bistartatocuprate complex(II) into a carboxylate ion.This
resulted to the reduction of copper(II) ions into copper(I), which caused the formation of
cuprous oxide.

For the last part in this experiment we do Bradys test which use 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
reagent . This experiment are used to identify the presence of carbonyl group inside the
compound . Both aldehyde and ketone give positive result since both of it contain carbonyl
group . An appearance of a yellow precipitate, which is an indication of a positive result, was
also observed in the addition of formaldehyde , acetyldehyde and acetone to the test tube
containing 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, Due to the nucleophilicity of 2,4-
dinitrophenylhydrazine, it attacked the electrophilicaldehyde and ketone compounds by
bonding the terminal nitrogen in the amino group to the carbon-oxygen double bond, forming
an intermediate compound. However, since the reaction of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine with
the aldehyde and ketone is a nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction (or ingeneral terms
condensation reaction), both the oxygen in double bond with the carbon as well as the
hydrogen atoms bonded to the terminal amino group were displaced, which gave rise to the
formation of the yellow precipitated .

REFFERCENCE :

1. Oxidation of Aldehydes and

Ketones.http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/carbonyls/oxidation.html
(accessed february 11, 2017)
2. Potassium Permanganate. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_permanganate
(accessed february 11, 2017)

3. 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine
(accessed february 11, 2017)

4. Fehlings Solution. http://en.wikipedia.org/

wiki/Fehling's_solution (accessed february 11, 2017)

5. Introducing to aldehdyde and ketone.

https://www/chemguide.co.uk/organiccrops/carbonyls/background.html (accessed
february 11, 2017)