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TCC61

Basement Wall
This spreadsheet designs retaining basement walls, assuming a simple box shaped plan
configuration. It is based on complying with BS EN1992 and BS EN1997 and implements the
recommendations in "Concrete Basements" published by TCC in 2013. For determining lateral
pressures,calculationmodelAinEC7hasbeenemployedwithgranularretainedmaterial.

TCC61isintendedtocoveronlyshortwallsandtohelp'general'engineerswho,fromtimetotime,
designretainingwallsaspartofawiderinterestinstructures,ratherthanthespecialists.Ifwallsare
tallerthan4.5m,criteriasuchaswallmovementsandthevalidityoftheassumptionsmade(e.g.no
wall friction or base rotation) may require further consideration and investigation. This workbook
doesnotattempttodesignthebasementorgroundlevelslabsastoomanyvariationsarepossible,
suchasthenumberofinternalsupports,whetherornotfoundationsarepiledetcetera.

UnlikeearlierBS8110versions,thisspreadsheetdoesnotemploypermissibleSLSbearingpressures.
Instead, ULS actions are calculated using EC7 combinations 1 and 2 and the resulting bearing
pressures arethen comparedwith resistances based onangle of shearingresistanceandcohesive
strength.

Generalassumptionsare:

1) Backfillmaterialisgranular.
2) Anyfrictionalforcesbetweenthewallandbackfillareignored.
3) Nocheckismadeforglobalrotationalslipfailure.
4) Theupperlevelslabisconstructed(orthetopofthewallsareadequatelypropped)before
commencingbackfill.
5) No attempt is made to calculate any base rotation. However, wall span moments due to
sustainedloadinghavebeenincreasedby10%tocompensateforthispossibility.

Inputisrequiredonthreeoftheworksheetspages;DATA,VerticalandLateral.

DATA
Materialproperties,characteristicsoilproperties,crosssectionaldimensions,coversandappliedloadingsare
enteredhere.Belowtheinputsectionofthepage,basicdesignpropertiesandactionsarelistedtogetherwith
ausagechartindicatingdesign/resistancevalues.

ItshouldbenotedthatbothEC2and"ConcreteBasements"recommendthatthewatertableistakenat
thelevelofthetopofthebackfillunlessguaranteeddewateringordrainagesystemsareemployed.
Ifthewatertablelevelhwisenteredasalowervalue,awarningtothiseffectappears.

The base width, B should be adjusted so that that bearing pressures (viewed in the usage chart) are
satisfactory.
GEO
This page shows calculations to EC7 (combinations 1 & 2) for sliding, toppling and bearing actions and
resistances.

Itshouldbenotedthat,inaccordancewithEurocode7guidancedocuments,bearingpressuredistributionis
assumedtoberectangularratherthantrapezoidal.

Vertical
Designsfortheverticalreinforcementinthewallstemandbasearecarriedoutonthissheet.Actionsdueto
compactionareconsideredaswellasthoseduetonormalatrestpressures.

Noreductionfortwowayactionismadetotheoutsidefacemoment,asa)inmostcasestheL/Hratiowillbe
greater than 3, and b) the crude gross section analyses that were used to generate moment factors
significantlyoverestimatethiseffect.

Assomebaserotationmayoccurundersustainedloading,therelevantcalculatedinsidefacemomentshave
beenincreasedby10%.

Bardiametersshouldbe adjustedat cellsJ28,J44 andJ48untilsatisfactory bararrangementsareobtained,


observingthecheckstabletowardsthebottomofthepage.

Lateral
These two pages derive the required horizontal reinforcement after inputting plan dimensions, additional
concretepropertiesandenvironmentalparameters.Restraintfactorsandearlythermaltemperatureriseare
alsoinput.Ifthesearenotknownfrommixspecifictestsandconstructionprogramming,itissuggestedthat
thegeneralvaluesin"ConcreteBasements"areused.

On the second of these two pages, several sets of bar diameters and spacings should be adjusted until the
arrangementsproducecrackwidthsthatarejustsatisfactory.

Restraint induced strains are found at three stages; early thermal, at loading and longterm. If a section is
cracked at the first stage, the early thermal strains dissipate; otherwise they are added to the strains that
occuratlaterstage.

Crackwidthsarecalculatedforbothfacesofeachofthesectionsconsideredandifafaceisnotcracked,the
results are greyed out. As the derivation of the neutral axis depth under combined flexure and tension
requiresthesolutionofhighlycomplexsimultaneousequations,xisfoundbyiterationuntilNcalculated=Napplied.
However,whenasectioniscrackedthroughout(ie.whenx<0),strainsarecalculatedviasimplestaticsonthe
reinforcementalone.

Sketch
Thispagehassketchesindicatingproposedreinforcementarrangements.

Weight
Thissheetshowsthebuilduptotheestimateofreinforcementweightgiven.Thefiguresshouldbetreatedas
approximate estimates only as they cannot deal with the effects of designers' and detailers' preferences,
rationalisation,etc.
Refs
Asothers.

Notes
Asothers.

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