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Prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a rural tertiary care centre,
southern India.
1. Assistant Professor in General Medicine, 2. Clinical Nutritionist, 3. Professor in General Medicine, Sri Dev Raj
Urs Medical College Tamaka, Kolar 563101, India.
ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common secondary cause of hyperlipidaemia, particularly, if glycaemic control is poor,
which in-turn is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. The spectrum of
dyslipidemia in diabetes mellitus can include all the various types of dyslipidemia identified in the general
population Objectives: To study the prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes. Methods: This is a
cross sectional study, done on type 2 diabetes patients attending medicine outpatient department of RL Jalappa
hospital, Kolar between March 2010 to April 2012 . All the patients were interviewed with pre-designed Performa.
Fasting lipid profile and Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of patients were measured. Patients suffering from
other causes of secondary dyslipidemia were excluded. Patients having one or more parameters outside the targets
recommended by American Diabetes Association (ADA) were considered to have dyslipidemia. Results: A total of
820 type 2 DM patients (533 males and 287 females) were studied. Prevalence of dyslipidemia among diabetic
males was 95.4 % and 86.75% in females. Among males with dyslipidemia the proportion of patients with mixed
dyslipidemia, combined two parameter dyslipidemia and isolated single parameter dyslipidemia were 24.5%, 44.2%,
and 31.2% respectively. Figures for the same among female patients stood at 27.3%, 42.97%and29.7%respectively.
Conclusion: Majority of type 2 diabetic patients were dyslipidimic. The most common pattern of dyslipidemia
among males was combined dyslipidemia with high triglycerides (TG) and low High density lipoprotein (HDL) and
in females it was high Low density lipoprotein (LDL) and low HDL. The most prevalent lipid abnormality in our
study was low HDL followed by high TG. No significant relation was found between HbA1c and serum lipid
parameters.
Key words: Diabetes mellitus, Dyslipidemia, Lipid profile.
Corresponding Author: Jayarama N, Assistant Professor in General Medicine, Sri Dev Raj Urs Medical College
Tamaka, Kolar 563101, India
Email: jayarama79@gmail.com
Funding: None Conflict of interest: None
Introduction complications .[15,12] The major clinical objective in
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a heterogeneous the management of DM is to control hyperglycaemia
condition characterized by the presence of both and the long term objective is to prevent
impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. [5] It microvascular and macrovascular complications.
has, unfortunately, reached epidemic proportions
now-a-days. [6] Diabetes care is complex and requires Diabetes mellitus is a common secondary cause of
that many issues, beyond glycaemic control, be hyperlipidaemia, particularly, if glycaemic control is
addressed.[3]They are prone to certain complications poor, which in-turn is an important risk factor for
and evidence emerged in the 1990s supporting the atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.[8,9] The
benefits of glycaemic control as well as control of spectrum of dyslipidemia in diabetes mellitus can
blood pressure and lipid levels in the prevention or include all the various types of dyslipidemia
delay in onset and severity of diabetes identified in the general population; however, one
This study was conducted to see the prevalence and Table1. Clinical Characteristics of diabetic
pattern of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus Patients.
patients in a tertiary care centre in Southern India. Parameter Mean value
Age 55.03 11.85 Years
Materials and methods Mean duration of 9.15.09 Years
This cross sectional study was done in R L Jalappa Type 2 DM
hospital attached to Sri Devraj Urs Medical College, HbA1C 8.27 2.05%
Kolar. Type 2 diabetes patients attending medicine TG 199.4 157.21mg/dl
outpatient department of RL Jalappa hospital, Kolar LDL-C 113.357.89 mg/dl
between March2010 to April 2012 were taken. HDL-C 46.872.88mg/dl
Institutional ethical committee clearance was taken
and informed consent was obtained from patients. All
the patients were interviewed with pre-designed and
Graph 1 Shows Prevalence of dyslipidemia among
pre-tested Performa. Patients suffering from other
males and females
causes of secondary dyslipidemia were excluded.
Table.3 Shows type 2 diabetes patients with In our study the prevalence of dyslipidemia in
dyslipidemia according to their glycemic status. diabetics was 95.4% in males and 86.75% in females,
Lipid levels HbA1C HbA1C Total n P where as in the study by Rakesh et al the prevalence
<7 7 patient valu of dyslipidemia is 85.5% and 97.5% in males and
(255) (565) s e female diabetics respectively. [11]
(820) Among males with dyslipidemia the proportion of
Triglycerides1 143 320 463 0.39 patients with mixed dyslipidemia , Combined two
50 mg/dl (56.46
parameter dyslipidemia and isolated single parameter
%)
LDL100mg/dl 136 324 460 0.39 dyslipidemia were 24.5%, 44.2%, and 31.2%
(56.09 respectively. Figures for the same among female
%) patients stood at 27.3%, 42.97% and 29.7%
HDL40/dl in 189 409 598 respectively. This pattern of dyslipidemia is
mg/dl in males, (72.92 0.24 Comparable to study done by Rakesh et al only in
50 mg in %) females. [11]
females
In our study most common pattern of dyslipidemia
Discussion among males was combined dyslipidemia with high
Patients with Diabetes Mellitus have a high TG and low HDL (20.4%), among females it was
prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD).The combined dyslipidemia with high LDL and low HDL
major risk factors in DM are hyperglycemia, (21.6%).Whereas in a study done by Rakesh et al
dyslipidemia and hypertension.[13] There is a twofold most common pattern was combined dyslipidemia
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