Designation: A 370 03a

Standard Test Methods and Denitions for

Mechanical Testing of Steel Products1
This standard is issued under the xed designation A 370; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see
related Speci-cation SA-370 in Section II of that Code.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods2 cover procedures and
denitions for the mechanical testing of
wrought and cast steels, stainless steels, and
related alloys. The various mechanical tests
herein described are used to determine
properties required in the product
specications. Variations in testing methods are
to be avoided, and standard methods of testing
are to be followed to obtain reproducible and
comparable results. In those cases in which the
testing requirements for certain products are
unique or at variance with these general
procedures, the product specication testing
requirements shall control.
1.2 The following mechanical tests are
described:
Sections
Tension 5 to 13
Bend
Hardness
Brinell
Rockwell
Portable
Impact 19 to 28
Keywords

1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to

certain products are appended to these test
methods as follows:

Bar Products
Tubular Products
Fasteners
Round Wire Products
Signicance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing
Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to
Equivalents for Flat Specimens
Testing Multi-Wire Strand
Rounding of Test Data
Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars
Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-Cycle Simulation

1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be

regarded as the standard.
1.5 When this document is referenced in a metric
product specication, the yield and tensile values
may be determined in

1
These test methods and denitions are under the jurisdiction of
ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related
Alloys and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.13
on Mechanical and Chemical Testing and Processing Methods
of Steel Products and Processes.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published October
2003. Originally approved in 1953. Last previous edition
approved in 2003 as A 370 03.
 inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI A 703/A 703M Specication for Steel
(MPa) units. The elongation determined in inch- Castings, General Requirements, for
pound gage lengths of 2 or 8 in. may be Pressure-Containing Parts3
reported in SI unit gage lengths of 50 or 200 A 781/A 781M Specication for Castings,
mm, respectively, as applicable. Conversely, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements,
when this document is referenced in an inch- for General Industrial Use3
pound product specication, the yield and A 833 Practice for Indentation Hardness of
Metallic Mate-rials by Comparison
tensile values may be determined in SI units Hardness Testers4
then con-verted into inch-pound units. The A 880 Practice for Criteria for Use in
elongation determined in SI unit gage lengths of Evaluation of Testing Laboratories and
50 or 200 mm may be reported in inch-pound Organizations for Examination and In-
gage lengths of 2 or 8 in., respectively, as appli- spection of Steel, Stainless Steel, and
cable. Related Alloys5
E 4 Practices for Force Verication of
Testing Machines6 E 6 Terminology Relating
1.6 Attention is directed to Practices A 880 to Methods of Mechanical Test-
and E 1595 when there may be a need for ing6
information on criteria for evaluation of testing E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of
laboratories. Metallic Materials6 E 8M Test Methods for
1.7 This standard does not purport to Tension Testing of Metallic Mate-
address all of the safety concerns, if any, rials [Metric]6
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of E 10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of
the user of this standard to establish appro- Metallic Materi-als6
priate safety and health practices and
determine the applica-bility of regulatory
3
limitations prior to use. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
2. Referenced Documents 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
2.1 ASTM Standards:

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 A 370 03a
E 18 ion
and
Test Clas
Met sic
hods ation
for of
Roc Exte
kwel n-
som
l eters
Har 6
dnes E 110
s Test
and Met
Roc hod
kwel for
l Inde
Sup ntati
on
er Hard
cial ness
Har of
dnes Met
s of allic
Mat
Met erial
allic s by
Mat Port
erial able
s6 Hard
ness
E 23 Test
Test ers6
Met
hods E 190
for Test
Notc Met
hed hod
Bar for
Imp Guid
act ed
Testi Ben
ng d
of Test
Met for
allic Duct
Mat ility
erial of
6 Wel
s
E 29 ds6
Prac E 208
tice Test
for Met
Usin hod
g for
Sign Con
ica ducti
nt ng
Digi Dro
ts in p-
Test Wei
Data ght
to Test
Dete to
rmin Dete
e rmin
Con e
form Nil-
ance Duct
with ility
Spec Tran
ica sitio
tions n
7
Tem
E 83 perat
Prac ure
tice of
for Ferri
Veri tic
cat
 Stee or
ls6 operation
E 290 s
Test involvin
Meth
od for g
Bend heating,
Test
of may
Mater affect the
ial for
Ductil propertie
ity6 E s of the
1595 material
Practi
ce for under
Evalu test.
ating
the Therefor
Perfor e, the
manc
e of product
Me- specica
chan tions
ical
cover the
Testi
ng stage of
Lab manufact
orat ure at
ories which
8 me-
2.2 chanical
testing is
Other to be
Docu
ment: performe
ASM d. The
E propertie
Boi s shown
ler by
and testing
Pre
prior to
ssur
e fabricati
Ves on may
sel not
Cod necessari
e, ly be
Sec represent
tion a-tive of
VII the
I, product
Div
isio after it
n I, has been
Part complete
UG ly
- fabricate
849 d.

3. Gene
ral
Prec 7
Annual
autio Book
ns of
ASTM
3.1 Certain Standa
methods rds,
Vol
of 14.02.
fabricati 8
Discontinu
on, such ed, see
2001
Annua
as l Book
of
bending, ASTM
Standa
form- rds,
Vol
ing, and 03.01.
Available
welding, from
American 3.2 I
Society of
Mechanical mproper
Engineers,
345 E. 47th machini
Street, New ng or
York, NY
10017. preparati
on of
test
specime
ns may
give
erroneou
s results.
Care
should
be
exercise
d to
assure
good
workma
nship in
machini
ng.
Imprope
rly
machine
d speci-
mens
should
be
discarde
d and
other
specime
ns
substitut
ed.
3.3 Fl
aws in
the
specime
n may
also
affect
results.
If any
test
specime
n
develops
aws,
the
retest
provisio
n of the
applicab
le
product
specic
ation
shall
govern.
3.4 If
any test
specimen
fails
because
 of dened
mechani other-
cal wise,
reasons signies
such as that the
failure of lengthwi
testing se axis
equipme of the
nt or specime
improper n is
specimen parallel
preparati to the
on, it direction
may be of the
discarde greatest
d and extensio
another n of the
specimen steel
taken. during
rolling
4. Orie or
ntati forging.
on of The
Test stress
Speci applied
mens to a
longitudi
4.1 T nal
he terms tension
longitud test
inal test specime
and n is in
transver the
se test direction
are used of the
only in greatest
material extensio
specica n, and
tions for the axis
wrought of the
products fold of a
and are longitudi
not nal bend
applicabl test
e to specime
castings. n is at
When right
such angles to
reference the
is made direction
to a test of
coupon greatest
or test extensio
specimen n (Fig.
, the 1, Fig.
followin
2a, and
2b).
g
denitio 4.1.2 T
ns apply: ransvers
e Test,
4.1.1 L
unless
ongitudi
specica
nal Test,
lly
unless
specic dened
ally otherwis
e,
signies parallel
that the to the
lengthwi greatest
se axis of extensio
the n (Fig.
specimen 1).
is at right 4.2
angles to The
the terms
direction radial
of the test and
greatest tangenti
extensio al test
n of the are used
steel in
during material
rolling or specica
forging. tions for
The some
stress wrought
applied circular
to a products
transvers and are
e tension not
test applicabl
specimen e to
is at right castings.
angles to When
the such
greatest reference
exten- is made
sion, and to a test
the axis coupon
of the or test
fold of a specimen
transvers , the
e bend followin
test g
specimen denitio
is ns apply:

FIG. 1 The Relation of

Test Coupons and Test
Specimens to Rolling
Direction or Extension
(Applicable to General
Wrought Products)
2
 A 370 03a

FIG. 2 Location of Longitudinal Tension Test Specimens in Rings Cut from Tubular Products
5.1 The tension test related to the mechanical
4.2.1 Radial Test, unless specically testing of steel products subjects a
dened otherwise, signies that the machined or full-section specimen of the
lengthwise axis of the specimen is
perpen-dicular to the axis of the product
and coincident with one of the radii of a
circle drawn with a point on the axis of
the product as a center (Fig. 2a).
4.2.2 Tangential Test, unless
specically dened otherwise, signies
that the lengthwise axis of the specimen
is perpen-dicular to a plane containing
the axis of the product and tangent to a
circle drawn with a point on the axis of
the product as a center (Fig. 2a, 2b, 2c,
and 2d).
TENSION TEST
5. Description
material under examination to a measured
load sufficient to cause rupture. The 6. Terminology
resulting properties sought are dened in
6.1 For denitions of terms pertaining
Terminology E 6.
to tension testing, including tensile
5.2 In general, the testing equipment strength, yield point, yield strength,
and methods are given in Test Methods E elonga-tion, and reduction of area,
8. However, there are certain exceptions reference should be made to Terminology
to Test Methods E 8 practices in the E 6.
testing of steel, and these are covered in
these test methods.

3
 A 370 03a
7. Testi range of
ng speeds.
Appa 7.2 The
ratus tension
and testing
Oper machine
ation shall be
s maintain
ed in
7.1 Loading good
Systems operatin
There g
are two conditio
general n, used
types of only in
load-ing the
systems, proper
mechani loading
cal range,
(screw and
power) calibrate
and d
hydrauli periodic
c. These ally in
differ accorda
chiey nce with
in the the latest
variabili revision
ty of the of
rate of Practice
load s E 4.
applicati
NOTE
on. The 1Many
older machines
screw are
power equipped
machine with
s are stress-
limited strain
recorders
to a for
small autograph
number ic plotting
of xed of stress-
free strain
running curves. It
crosshea should be
noted that
d some
speeds. recorders
Some have a
modern load
screw measuring
power componen
t entirely
machine
separate
s, and from the
all load
hydrauli indicator
c of the
machine testing
s permit machine.
Such
stepless recorders
variation are
through calibrated
out the separately
.
 a
7.3 Loading reduced
It is section,
the gripping
function of the
of the specime
gripping n shall
or be
holding restricte
device d to the
of the grip
testing section.
machine In the
to case of
transmit certain
the load sections
from the tested in
heads of full size,
the nonaxial
machine loading
to the is
specime unavoid
n under able and
test. The in such
essential cases
require shall be
ment is permissi
that the ble.
load
shall be7.4 Speed of
transmitt Testing
ed The
axially. speed of
This testing
implies shall not
that the be
centers greater
of the than that
action of at which
the grips load and
shall be strain
in readings
alignme can be
nt, made
insofar accuratel
as y. In
practica producti
ble, with on
the axis testing,
of the speed of
specime testing is
n at the commonl
beginnin y
g and expresse
during d: (1) in
the test terms of
and that free
bending running
or crosshea
twisting d speed
be held (rate of
to a moveme
minimu nt of the
m. For crosshea
specime d of the
ns with testing
machine measured
when not yield
strength.
under
load), (2) 7.4.1
in terms Any
of rate of conveni
separatio ent
n of the speed of
two testing
heads of may be
the used up
to one
testing
half the
machine specie
under d yield
load, (3) point or
in terms yield
of rate of strength.
stressing When
the this
specime point is
n, or (4) reached,
in terms the free-
of rate of
running
rate of
straining separati
the on of the
specime crosshea
n. The ds shall
followin be
g adjusted
limitatio so as not
ns on the to
speed of exceed
1
testing 16 in.
are per min
recomme per inch
nded as of
reduced
adequate
section,
for most or the
steel distance
products: between
the grips
NOTE
2Tensio
for test
n tests specime
using ns not
closed- having
loop reduced
machines sections.
(with This
feedback speed
control of shall be
rate) maintain
should not ed
be through
performed
using load
the yield
control, as point or
this mode yield
of testing strength.
will result In
in determin
accelerati ing the
on of the tensile
crosshead strength,
upon the free-
yielding running
and rate of
elevation
of the
separati
on of the
heads 7.4.2 I
shall not t shall be
exceed permissi
1
2 in. ble to set
per min the
per inch speed of
of the
reduced testing
section, machine
or the by
distance adjustin
between g the
the grips free
for test running
specime crosshea
ns not
d speed
having
reduced to the
sections. above
In any specie
event, d values,
the inasmuc
minimu h as the
m speed rate of
of separatio
testing n of
shall not heads
be less under
than 110 load at
the these
specie machine
d settings
maximu is less
m rates than the
for specie
determin d values
ing yield of free
point or running
yield crosshea
strength d speed.
and
7.4.3 A
tensile
strength. s an
alternati
ve, if the
machine
is
equippe
d with a
device
to
indicate
the rate
of
loading,
the
speed of
the
machine
from
half the
specie
d yield
point or
yield
strength
through
the yield
point or
 yield permits
strength and the
may be service
adjusted justies
so that it,
the rate testing is
of in the
stressing transver
does not se,
exceed radial, or
100 000 tangenti
psi (690 al
MPa)/mi direction
n. How- s (see
ever, the Fig. 1
minimu and Fig.
m rate 2).
of 8.1.2 F
stressing orged
shall not Steels
be less For open
than die
10 000 forgings,
psi the
(70 metal
MPa) for
/min. tension
testing is
8. Test usually
Speci provided
men by
Para allowing
mete extensio
rs ns or
8.1 prolonga
Selectio tions on
nTest one or
coupons both
shall be ends of
selected the
in forgings,
accorda either on
nce with all or a
the represen
applicab tative
le number
product as
specic provided
ations. by the
8.1.1 W applicab
rought le
Steels product
Wrought specic
steel ations.
products Test
are specime
usually ns are
tested in normall
the y taken
longitud at mid-
inal radius.
direction Certain
, but in product
some specic
cases, ations
where permit
size
the use metal on
of a the
represen peripher
tative y or end
bar or of the
the forging.
destructi For
on of a some
producti forgings,
on part such as
for test rotors,
purposes radial
. For tension
ring or tests are
disk-like required.
forgings In such
test cases the
metal is specime
provided ns are
by cut or
increasi trepanne
ng the d from
diameter specie
, d
thicknes locations
s, or .
length of 8.1.3 C
the ast
forging. SteelsT
Upset est
disk or coupons
ring for
forgings, castings
which from
are which
worked tension
or test
extende specimen
d by s are
forging prepared
in a
shall be
direction
in
perpendi
accordan
cular to
ce with
the axis
of the the
forging, requirem
ents of
usually
Specic
have
ations A
their 703/A
principal 703M or
extensio A781/ A
n along 781M,
concentr as
ic circles applicab
and for le.
such 8.2 Si
forgings ze and
tangenti Toleran
al cesTes
tension t
specime specime
ns are ns shall
obtained be the
from full
extra thicknes
s or sawed,
section trepanne
of d, or
material oxygen-
as- cut from
rolled, por-tions
or may of the
be material.
machine They are
d to the usually
form machine
and d so as
dimensi to have a
ons reduced
shown cross
in Figs. section
3-6, at mid-
inclusiv length in
e. The order to
selection obtain
of size uniform
and type distributi
of on of the
specime stress
n is over the
prescrib cross
ed by section
the and to
applicab localize
le the zone
product of
specic fracture.
ation. When
Full test
section coupons
specime are
ns shall sheared,
be tested blanked,
in 8-in. sawed,
(200- or
mm) oxygen-
gage cut, care
length shall be
unless taken to
otherwis remove
e by
specie machini
d in the ng all
product distorted
specic , cold-
ation. worked,
8.3 P or heat-
rocurem affected
ent of areas
Test from the
Specime edges of
nsSpec the
imens section
shall be used in
sheared, evaluati
blanked, ng the
test.

4
 A 370 03a

DIMENSIONS
Standard Specimens Subsize Specimen
Plate-Type, Sheet-Type, 1
4-in. Wide
112-in. Wide 1
2-in. Wide
in. mm in. mm in. mm
GGage length (Notes 1 and 2) 8.00 6 0.01 200 6 0.25 2.000 6 0.005 50.0 6 0.10 1.000 6 0.003 25.0 6 0.08
WWidth (Notes 3, 5, and 6) 1 1 2 + 1 8 40 + 3 0.500 6 0.010 12.5 6 0.25 0.250 6 0.002 6.25 6 0.05
1 4 6
TThickness (Note 7) Thickness of Material
1 1
RRadius of llet, min (Note 4) 2 13 2 13 1
4 6
LOver-all length, min (Notes 2 and 8) 18 450 8 200 4 100
ALength of reduced section, min 9 225 2 1 4 60 1
1 4 32
BLength of grip section, min (Note 9) 3 75 2 50 1 1 4 32
3
CWidth of grip section, approximate 2 50 4 20 3
8 10
(Notes 4, 10, and 11)

NOTE 1For the 112-in. (40-mm) wide specimen, punch marks for measuring elongation after fracture shall be made on the at or on the edge of the
specimen and within the reduced section. Either a set of nine or more punch marks 1 in. (25 mm) apart, or one or more pairs of punch marks 8 in. (200
mm) apart may be used.
NOTE 2For the 12-in. (12.5-mm) wide specimen, gage marks for measuring the elongation after fracture shall be made on the 12-inch (12.5-mm)
face or on the edge of the specimen and within the reduced section. Either a set of three or more marks 1.0 in. (25 mm) apart or one or more pairs of
marks 2 in. (50 mm) apart may be used.
NOTE 3For the three sizes of specimens, the ends of the reduced section shall not differ in width by more than 0.004, 0.002 or 0.001 in. (0.10, 0.05 or
0.025 mm), respectively. Also, there may be a gradual decrease in width from the ends to the center, but the width at either end shall not be more than
0.015 in., 0.005 in., or 0.003 in. (0.40, 0.10 or 0.08 mm), respectively, larger than the width at the center.
NOTE 4For each specimen type, the radii of all llets shall be equal to each other with a tolerance of 0.05 in. (1.25 mm), and the centers of curvature
of the two llets at a particular end shall be located across from each other (on a line perpendicular to the centerline) within a tolerance of 0.10 in. (2.5
mm).
NOTE 5For each of the three sizes of specimens, narrower widths ( W and C) may be used when necessary. In such cases the width of the reduced
section should be as large as the width of the material being tested permits; however, unless stated specically, the requirements for elongation in a
product specication shall not apply when these narrower specimens are used. If the width of the material is less than W, the sides may be parallel
throughout the length of the specimen.
NOTE 6The specimen may be modied by making the sides parallel throughout the length of the specimen, the width and tolerances being the same
as those specied above. When necessary a narrower specimen may be used, in which case the width should be as great as the width of the material
being tested permits. If the width is 1 12 in. (38 mm) or less, the sides may be parallel throughout the length of the specimen.
NOTE 7The dimension T is the thickness of the test specimen as provided for in the applicable material specications. Minimum nominal thickness
of 112-in. (40-mm) wide specimens shall be 316 in. (5 mm), except as permitted by the product specication. Maximum nominal thickness of 12-in.
(12.5-mm) and 14-in. (6-mm) wide specimens shall be 34 in. (19 mm) and 14 in. (6 mm), respectively.
NOTE 8To aid in obtaining axial loading during testing of 14-in. (6-mm) wide specimens, the overall length should be as the material will permit. N OTE
9It is desirable, if possible, to make the length of the grip section large enough to allow the specimen to extend into the grips a distance equal to two
thirds or more of the length of the grips. If the thickness of 12-in. (13-mm) wide specimens is over 38 in. (10 mm), longer grips and correspondingly
longer grip sections of the specimen may be necessary to prevent failure in the grip section.
NOTE 10For standard sheet-type specimens and subsize specimens the ends of the specimen shall be symmetrical with the center line of the reduced
section within 0.01 and 0.005 in. (0.25 and 0.13 mm), respectively. However, for steel if the ends of the 12-in. (12.5-mm) wide specimen are
symmetrical within 0.05 in. (1.0 mm) a specimen may be considered satisfactory for all but referee testing.
NOTE 11For standard plate-type specimens the ends of the specimen shall be symmetrical with the center line of the reduced section within 0.25 in.
(6.35 mm) except for referee testing in which case the ends of the specimen shall be symmetrical with the center line of the reduced section within 0.10
in. (2.5 mm).
FIG. 3 Rectangular Tension Test Specimens

shorter time at moderately elevated temperatures by boiling in

8.4 Aging of Test SpecimensUnless otherwise specied, it
shall be permissible to age tension test specimens. The time-
temperature cycle employed must be such that the effects of
previous processing will not be materially changed. It may be
accomplished by aging at room temperature 24 to 48 h, or in
water, heating in oil or in an oven.
8.5 Measurement of Dimensions of Test Specimens:
8.5.1 Standard Rectangular Tension Test SpecimensThese
forms of specimens are shown in Fig. 3. To determine the

5
 A 370 03a

DIMENSIONS
Standard Specimen Small-Size Specimens Proportional to Standard
Nominal Diameter in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm
0.500 12.5 0.350 8.75 0.250 6.25 0.160 4.00 0.113 2.50
GGage length 2.00 6 50.0 6 1.4006 35.0 6 1.0006 25.0 6 0.6406 16.0 6 0.4506 10.0 6
0.005 0.10 0.005 0.10 0.005 0.10 0.005 0.10 0.005 0.10
DDiameter (Note 1) 0.500 6 12.56 0.3506 8.75 6 0.2506 6.25 6 0.1606 4.00 6 0.1136 2.50 6
0.010 0.25 0.007 0.18 0.005 0.12 0.003 0.08 0.002 0.05
3 1 3 5 3
RRadius of llet, min 8 10 4 6 16 5 32 4 32 2
ALength of reduced section, 214 60 13 4 45 11 4 32 3
4 20 5
8 16
min (Note 2)

NOTE 1The reduced section may have a gradual taper from the ends toward the center, with the ends not more than 1 percent larger in diameter than
the center (controlling dimension).
NOTE 2If desired, the length of the reduced section may be increased to accommodate an extensometer of any convenient gage length. Reference
marks for the measurement of elongation should, nevertheless, be spaced at the indicated gage length.
NOTE 3The gage length and llets shall be as shown, but the ends may be of any form to t the holders of the testing machine in such a way that the
load shall be axial (see Fig. 9). If the ends are to be held in wedge grips it is desirable, if possible, to make the length of the grip section great enough to
allow the specimen to extend into the grips a distance equal to two thirds or more of the length of the grips.
NOTE 4On the round specimens in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the gage lengths are equal to four times the nominal diameter. In some product specications
other specimens may be provided for, but unless the 4-to-1 ratio is maintained within dimensional tolerances, the elongation values may not be
comparable with those obtained from the standard test specimen.
NOTE 5The use of specimens smaller than 0.250-in. (6.25-mm) diameter shall be restricted to cases when the material to be tested is of insufficient
size to obtain larger specimens or when all parties agree to their use for acceptance testing. Smaller specimens require suitable equipment and greater
skill in both machining and testing.
NOTE 6Five sizes of specimens often used have diameters of approximately 0.505, 0.357, 0.252, 0.160, and 0.113 in., the reason being to permit easy
calculations of stress from loads, since the corresponding cross sectional areas are equal or close to 0.200, 0.100, 0.0500, 0.0200, and 0.0100 in. 2,
respectively. Thus, when the actual diameters agree with these values, the stresses (or strengths) may be computed using the simple multiplying factors
5, 10, 20, 50, and 100, respectively. (The metric equivalents of these xed diameters do not result in correspondingly convenient cross sectional area
and multiplying factors.)
FIG. 4 Standard 0.500-in. (12.5-mm) Round Tension Test Specimen with 2-in. (50-mm) Gage Length and Examples of Small-Size
Specimens Proportional to the Standard Specimens
taper in the gage length permitted for each of the specimens
described in the following sections.
cross-sectional area, the center width dimension shall be 8.6.3 For brittle materials it is desirable to have llets of
measured to the nearest 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) for the 8-in. (200- large radius at the ends of the gage length.
mm) gage length specimen and 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) for the
2-in. (50-mm) gage length specimen in Fig. 3. The center 9. Plate-Type Specimen
thickness dimension shall be measured to the nearest 0.001 in. 9.1 The standard plate-type test specimen is shown in Fig. 3.
for both specimens. This specimen is used for testing metallic materials in the form of
8.5.2 Standard Round Tension Test SpecimensThese forms plate, structural and bar-size shapes, and at material having a
of specimens are shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. To determine the nominal thickness of 316 in. (5 mm) or over. When product
cross-sectional area, the diameter shall be measured at the specications so permit, other types of specimens may be used.
center of the gage length to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm)
(see Table 1). NOTE 3When called for in the product specication, the 8-in. gage
length specimen of Fig. 3 may be used for sheet and strip material.
8.6 GeneralTest specimens shall be either substantially
full size or machined, as prescribed in the product specica- 10. Sheet-Type Specimen
tions for the material being tested.
10.1The standard sheet-type test specimen is shown in Fig.
8.6.1 Improperly prepared test specimens often cause
unsat-isfactory test results. It is important, therefore, that care 3. This specimen is used for testing metallic materials in the
form of sheet, plate, at wire, strip, band, and hoop ranging in
be exercised in the preparation of specimens, particularly in
the machining, to assure good workmanship. nominal thickness from 0.005 to 34 in. (0.13 to 19 mm).
When product specications so permit, other types of
8.6.2 It is desirable to have the cross-sectional area of the specimens may be used, as provided in Section 9 (see Note 3).
specimen smallest at the center of the gage length to ensure
fracture within the gage length. This is provided for by the

6
 A 370 03a

DIMENSIONS
Specimen 1 Specimen 2 Specimen 3 Specimen 4 Specimen 5
in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm
GGage length 2.000 6 50.0 6 2.0006 50.0 6 2.0006 50.0 6 2.0006 50.0 6 2.006 50.0 6
0.005 0.10 0.005 0.10 0.005 0.10 0.005 0.10 0.005 0.10
DDiameter (Note 1) 0.500 6 12.56 0.500 6 12.56 0.500 6 12.56 0.500 6 12.56 0.5006 12.5 6
0.010 0.25 0.010 0.25 0.010 0.25 0.010 0.25 0.010 0.25
3 3 1 3
RRadius of llet, min 8 10 8 10 16 2 3
8 10 8 10
ALength of reduced 214 , min 60, min 214 , min 60, min 4, ap- 100, ap- 214 , min 60, min 214 , min 60, min
section proxi- proxi-
mately mately
LOverall length, approximate 5 125 5 12 140 512 140 434 120 912 240
BGrip section 138 , ap- 35, ap- 1, ap- 25, ap- 3
4 , ap- 20, ap- 1
2 , ap- 13, ap- 3, min 75, min
(Note 2) proxi- proxi- proxi- proxi- proxi- proxi- proxi- proxi-
mately mately mately mately mately mately mately mately
3 3 23 3
CDiameter of end section 4 20 4 20 32 18 7
8 22 4 20
5 5
ELength of shoulder and ... ... 8 16 ... ... 3
4 20 8 16
llet section, approximate
5 19
FDiameter of shoulder ... ... 8 16 ... ... 5
8 16 32 15

NOTE 1The reduced section may have a gradual taper from the ends toward the center with the ends not more than 0.005 in. (0.10 mm) larger in
diameter than the center.
NOTE 2On Specimen 5 it is desirable, if possible, to make the length of the grip section great enough to allow the specimen to extend into the grips a
distance equal to two thirds or more of the length of the grips.
NOTE 3The types of ends shown are applicable for the standard 0.500-in. round tension test specimen; similar types can be used for subsize
specimens. The use of UNF series of threads ( 34 by 16, 12 by 20, 38 by 24, and 14 by 28) is suggested for high-strength brittle materials to avoid
fracture in the thread portion.
FIG. 5 Suggested Types of Ends for Standard Round Tension Test Specimens
sharp, and accurately spaced. The localization of stress at the
marks makes a hard specimen susceptible to starting fracture
11. Round Specimens
at the punch marks. The gage marks for measuring elongation
11.1The standard 0.500-in. (12.5-mm) diameter round test after fracture shall be made on the at or on the edge of the at
specimen shown in Fig. 4 is used quite generally for testing tension test specimen and within the parallel section; for the 8-
metallic materials, both cast and wrought. in. gage length specimen, Fig. 3, one or more sets of 8-in. gage
11.2 Fig. 4 also shows small size specimens proportional to the marks may be used, intermediate marks within the gage length
standard specimen. These may be used when it is necessary to being optional. Rectangular 2-in. gage length speci-mens, Fig.
test material from which the standard specimen or specimens 3, and round specimens, Fig. 4, are gage marked with a
shown in Fig. 3 cannot be prepared. Other sizes of small round double-pointed center punch or scribe marks. One or more sets
specimens may be used. In any such small size specimen it is of gage marks may be used; however, one set must be
important that the gage length for measurement of elongation be approximately centered in the reduced section. These same
four times the diameter of the specimen (see Note 4, Fig. 4). precautions shall be observed when the test specimen is full
11.3The shape of the ends of the specimens outside of the gage section.
length shall be suitable to the material and of a shape to t the
holders or grips of the testing machine so that the loads are 13. Determination of Tensile Properties
applied axially. Fig. 5 shows specimens with various types of
13.1 Yield PointYield point is the rst stress in a material,
ends that have given satisfactory results.
less than the maximum obtainable stress, at which an increase in
12. Gage Marks strain occurs without an increase in stress. Yield point is intended
for application only for materials that may exhibit the unique
12.1The specimens shown in Figs. 3-6 shall be gage marked with
characteristic of showing an increase in strain without an increase
a center punch, scribe marks, multiple device, or drawn with
in stress. The stress-strain diagram is characterized
ink. The purpose of these gage marks is to determine the
percent elongation. Punch marks shall be light,

7
 A 370 03a

DIMENSIONS
Specimen 1 Specimen 2 Specimen 3
in. mm in. mm in. mm
GLength of parallel Shall be equal to or greater than diameter D
DDiameter 0.500 6 0.010 12.56 0.25 0.750 6 0.015 20.0 6 0.40 1.25 6 0.025 30.0 6 0.60
RRadius of llet, min 1 25 1 25 2 50
1
ALength of reduced section, min 1 4 32 112 38 214 60
3 3
LOver-all length, min 3 4 95 4 100 6 8 160
BGrip section, approximate 1 25 1 25 1 3 4 45
3
CDiameter of end section, approximate 4 20 118 30 178 48
1 5
ELength of shoulder, min 4 6 1
4 6 16 8
5
FDiameter of shoulder 8 6 164 16.0 6 0.40 15
16 6 164 24.0 6 0.40 1716 6 164 36.5 6 0.40

NOTE 1The reduced section and shoulders (dimensions A, D, E, F, G, and R) shall be shown, but the ends may be of any form to t the holders of the
testing machine in such a way that the load shall be axial. Commonly the ends are threaded and have the dimensions B and C given above.
FIG. 6 Standard Tension Test Specimens for Cast Iron

TABLE 1 Multiplying Factors to Be Used for Various Diameters of Round Test Specimens
Standard Specimen Small Size Specimens Proportional to Standard
0.500 in. Round 0.350 in. Round 0.250 in. Round
Actual Actual Actual
Area, Multiplying Area, Multiplying Area, Multiplying
Diameter, in.2 Factor Diameter, in.2 Factor Diameter, in.2 Factor
in. in. in.
0.490 0.1886 5.30 0.343 0.0924 10.82 0.245 0.0471 21.21
0.491 0.1893 5.28 0.344 0.0929 10.76 0.246 0.0475 21.04
0.492 0.1901 5.26 0.345 0.0935 10.70 0.247 0.0479 20.87
0.493 0.1909 5.24 0.346 0.0940 10.64 0.248 0.0483 20.70
0.494 0.1917 5.22 0.347 0.0946 10.57 0.249 0.0487 20.54
0.495 0.1924 5.20 0.348 0.0951 10.51 0.250 0.0491 20.37
0.496 0.1932 5.18 0.349 0.0957 10.45 0.251 0.0495 20.21
(0.05)A (20.0)A
0.497 0.1940 5.15 0.350 0.0962 10.39 0.252 0.0499 20.05
(0.05)A (20.0)A
0.498 0.1948 5.13 0.351 0.0968 10.33 0.253 0.0503 19.89
(0.05)A (20.0)A
0.499 0.1956 5.11 0.352 0.0973 10.28 0.254 0.0507 19.74
0.500 0.1963 5.09 0.353 0.0979 10.22 0.255 0.0511 19.58
0.501 0.1971 5.07 0.354 0.0984 10.16 ... ... ...
0.502 0.1979 5.05 0.355 0.0990 10.10 ... ... ...
0.503 0.1987 5.03 0.356 0.0995 10.05 ... ... ...
(0.1)A (10.0)A ... ... ...
0.504 0.1995 5.01 0.357 0.1001 9.99 ... ... ...
(0.2)A (5.0)A (0.1)A (10.0)A ... ... ...
0.505 0.2003 4.99 ... ... ... ... ... ...
(0.2)A (5.0)A
0.506 0.2011 4.97 ... ... ... ... ... ...
(0.2)A (5.0)A
0.507 0.2019 4.95 ... ... ... ... ... ...
0.508 0.2027 4.93 ... ... ... ... ... ...
0.509 0.2035 4.91 ... ... ... ... ... ...
0.510 0.2043 4.90 ... ... ... ... ... ...
A
The values in parentheses may be used for ease in calculation of stresses, in pounds per square inch, as permitted in 5 of Fig. 4.

by a sharp knee or discontinuity. Determine yield point by one
of the following methods:
13.1.1 Drop of the Beam or Halt of the Pointer MethodIn this
method, apply an increasing load to the specimen at a uniform
rate. When a lever and poise machine is used, keep the beam in
balance by running out the poise at approximately a
steady rate. When the yield point of the material is reached, the
increase of the load will stop, but run the poise a trie beyond the
balance position, and the beam of the machine will drop for a
brief but appreciable interval of time. When a machine equipped
with a load-indicating dial is used there is a halt or hesitation of
the load-indicating pointer corresponding to the

8
 A 370 03a
drop of for yield
the point and
beam. the test
Note the specimen
load at s may
the drop not
of the exhibit a
beam or well-
the halt dened
of the dispropo
pointer rtionate
and deformat
record ion that
the character
correspo izes a
nding yield
stress as point as
the yield measure
point. d by the
13.1.2 drop of
Autog the
raphic beam,
Diagra halt of
m
the
Method
pointer,
When
a sharp- or
kneed autograp
stress- hic
strain diagram
diagram methods
is describe
obtained d in
by an 13.1.1
autograp and
hic 13.1.2, a
recordin value
g equivale
device, nt to the
take the yield
stress point in
correspo its
nding to practical
the top signica
of the nce may
knee be
(Fig. 7), determin
or the ed by the
stress at
followin
which
g method
the
and may
curve
drops as be
the yield recorded
point. as yield
13.1.3 point:
Total Attach a
Extensio Class C
n Under or better
Load extenso
Method meter
When (Note 4
testing and Note
material 5) to the
specimen NOTE
. When 6For
steel with
the load
a yield
producin point
g a specied
specied not over
extensio 80 000 psi
n (Note (550
MPa), an
6) is
appropriat
reached e value is
record 0.005
the stress in./in. of
correspo gage
nding to length.
For values
the load above 80
as the 000 psi,
yield this
point method is
(Fig. 8). not valid
unless the
NOTE limiting
4Automa total
tic devices extension
are is
available increased.
that NOTE
determine 7The
the load at shape of
the the initial
specied portion of
total an
extension autograph
without ically
plotting a deter-
stress- mined
strain stress-
curve. strain (or
Such a load-
devices elongation
may be ) curve
used if may be
their inuenced
accuracy by
has been numerous
demonstrat factors
ed. such as
Multiplyin the
g calipers seating of
and other the
such specimen
devices are in the
acceptable grips, the
for use straighteni
provided ng of a
their specimen
accuracy bent due
has been to residual
demonstrat stresses,
ed as and the
equivalent rapid
to a Class loading
C permitted
extensome in 7.4.1.
ter. Generally,
NOTE the
5Refe aberration
rence s in this
should portion of
be the curve
made to should be
Practice ignored
E 83. when
tting a
modulus
line, such
as that
used to
determine
the
extension-
under-
load yield,
to the
curve.

FIG. 8
S
t
r
e
s
s
-
S
t
r
a
i
n
D
i
a
g
r
a
m

S
h
o
w
i
n
g
Y
i
e
l
d
P
o
i
n
t
o
r
Y
i
e
l
d
S
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
b
y
 E strain
x diagram
t
e
with a
n distinct
s modulus
i characte
o ristic of
n the
U
material
n
d being
e tested
r may be
L drawn.
o Then on
a
the
d
M stress-
e strain
t diagram
h (Fig. 9)
o lay off
d Om
equal to
terms of the
strain, specie
percent d value
offset, of the
total offset,
extensio draw mn
n under parallel
load, to OA,
etc. and thus
Determi locate r,
ne yield the
strength intersect
by one ion of
of the mn with
followin the
g stress-
methods strain
:
curve
13.2.1 correspo
Offset nding to
Method load R,
To which is
determin the
e the yield-
yield strength
strength load. In
by the recordin
offset g values
method, of yield
it is strength
necessar obtained
y to by this
secure method,
data the
(autogra value of
phic or offset
numeric specie
al) from d or
which a used,
stress-
13.2 Yield
StrengthYield
strength is the stress
at which a material
 exhibits a specied
limiting deviation
from the pro-
portionality of stress
to strain. The
deviation is expressed
in

FIG. 9 Stress-Strain Diagram for

FIG. 7 Stress-Strain Diagram Showing Yield Determination of
Point Corresponding Yield Strength by
with Top of Knee the Offset Method

9
 A 370 03a
or both, c
shall be devices.
stated in NOTE
parenthe 8For
ses after stress-
the term strain
yield diagrams
strength, not
for containing
example a distinct
modulus,
:
such as
for some
Yield strength
cold-
When worked
the materials,
offset is it is
0.2 % or recommen
larger, ded that
the the
extenso extension
under
meter
load
used method be
shall utilized. If
qualify the offset
as a method is
Class B2 used for
device materials
over a without a
distinct
strain
modulus,
range of a modulus
0.05 to value
1.0 %. If appropriat
a e for the
smaller material
offset is being
specie tested
should be
d, it may
used: 30
be 000 000
necessar psi (207
y to 000 MPa)
specify a for carbon
more steel; 29
accurate 000 000
device psi (200
(that is, 000 MPa)
for ferritic
a Class stainless
B1 steel; 28
device) 000 000
or psi (193
reduce 000 MPa)
the for
lower austenitic
limit of stainless
steel. For
the special
strain alloys, the
range producer
(for should be
example contacted
, to 0.01 to discuss
%) or appropriat
both. e modulus
values.
See also
Note 9 13.2.2
for Extensio
automati n Under
Load obtained
Method by this
For method,
tests to the value
deter- of
mine the extensio
acceptan n
ce or specied
rejection or used,
of or both,
material shall be
whose stated in
stress- parenthe
strain ses after
character the term
istics are yield
well strength,
known for
from example:
previous Yield strength ~0.5 % EUL! 5 52 000 psi ~360 MPa! (2)
tests of
similar The
material total
in which strain
can be
stress-
obtained
strain
satisfact
diagrams orily by
were use of a
plotted, Class B1
the total extenso
strain meter
correspo (Note 4,
nding to Note 5,
the stress and
at which Note 7).
the
NOTE
specied 9Autom
offset atic
(see devices
Note 9 are
and Note available
that
10) determine
occurs offset
will be yield
known strength
within without
satisfacto plotting a
stress-
ry limits. strain
The curve.
stress on Such
the devices
specimen may be
used if
, when
their
this total accuracy
strain is has been
reached, demonstra
is the ted.
value of NOTE
the yield 10The
strength. appropriat
e
In magnitude
recordin of the
g values extension
of yield under
strength load will
obviously
vary with o
the r
strength
range of M
the P
particular a
steel ,
under test.
In E
general,
the value =
of
extension
under
m
o
load
d
applicable
u
to steel at
l
any
u
strength
s
level may
be
determine
o
d from the
f
sum of the
proportion e
al strain l
and the
a
plastic
s
strain
t
expected
i
at the
c
specied
i
yield
t
y
strength.
,
The
following
equation
p
is used:
s
i
Extension under load, in./in. of gage length 5
o
where: r
Y
S M
P
= a
,
s
p a
e n
c d
i r =
li
e mi
d tin
g
y pla
i sti
e c
l str
d ain
,
s in./
t in.
r 13.3 T
e
n ensile
g Strength
t
h Calculat
, e the
tensile
p strength
s by
i
dividing percenta
the ge scale
maximu reading
m load to 0.5 %
the of the
specime gage
n length
sustains may be
during a used.
tension The
test by elongati
the on is the
original increase
cross- in
sectional
area of
the
speci-
men.
13.4E
l
o
n
g
a
t
i
o
n
:
13.4.1
Fit the
ends of
the
fracture
d
specime
n
together
carefully
and
measure
the
distance
between
the gage
marks to
the
nearest
0.01 in.
(0.25
mm) for
gage
lengths
of 2 in.
and
under,
and to
the
nearest
0.5 % of
the gage
length
for gage
lengths
over 2
in. A
length of ments
the gage specie
length, d, no
expresse further
d as a testing is
percenta indicate
ge of the d, but if
original the
gage elongati
length. on is
In less than
recordin the
g minimu
elongati m
on requirem
values, ents,
give discard
both the the test
percenta and
ge retest.
increase 13.4.3
and the Auto
original mated
gage tensile
length. testing
13.4.2 methods
If any using
part of extenso
the m-eters
fracture allow
takes for the
place measure
outside ment of
of the elongati
middle on in a
half of method
the gage describe
length or d below.
in a Elongati
punched on may
or be
scribed measure
mark d and
within reported
the either
reduced this way,
section, or as in
the the
elongati method
on value describe
obtained d above,
may not tting
be the
represen broken
tative of ends
the together.
material. Either
If the result is
elongati valid.
on so 13.4.4
measure Elong
d meets ation at
the fracture
minimu is
m dened
require as the
elongatio meters
n veried
measure over the
d just strain
prior to range of
the interest.
sudden Use a
decrease class B2
in force or better
associate extenso
d with meter
fracture. for
For material
many s having
ductile less than
materials 5 %
not elongati
exhibitin on; a
g a class C
sudden or better
decrease extenso
in force,
meter
for
the
material
elongatio
s having
n at
elongati
fracture
on
can be
greater
taken as
than or
the strain equal to
measure 5 % but
d just less than
prior to 50 %;
when the and a
force class D
falls or better
below 10 extenso
% of the meter
maximu for
m force material
encounte s having
red 50 % or
during greater
the test. elongati
13.4.4 on. In all
.1 cases,
Elongati the
on at extenso
fracture meter
shall gage
include length
elastic shall be
and the
plastic nominal
elongati gage
on and length
may be required
determin for the
ed with specime
autograp n being
hic or tested.
automat Due to
ed the lack
methods of
using precisio
extenso n in
tting generall
fracture y
d ends provides
together, more
the repeat-
elonga- able
tion results.
after 13.5
fracture Reductio
using n of
the AreaFit
manual the ends
methods of the
of the fractured
precedin specimen
g together
paragrap and
hs may measure
differ the mean
from the diameter
elongati or the
on at width
fracture and
deter- thickness
mined at the
with smallest
extenso cross
meters. section
13.4.4 to the
.2 same
Percent accuracy
elongati as the
on at original
fracture
dimensio
may be
ns. The
calculate
d differenc
directly e
from between
elongati the area
on at thus
fracture found
data and and the
be area of
reported the
instead original
of cross
percent section
elongati expresse
on as d as a
calculate percenta
d in ge of the
13.4.1. original
Howeve area is
r, these the
two reduction
paramet of area.
ers are
not BEND TEST
intercha
ngeable. 14. Des
Use of crip
the tion
elongati
14.1 T
on at
he bend
fracture
test is
method
one diameter
method to which
for the
evaluati specime
ng n is
ductility, bent,
but it and of
cannot the cross
be section
consider of the
ed as a specime
quantitat n. These
ive conditio
means ns are
of varied
predict- accordin
ing g to
service location
perform and
ance in orientati
bending on of the
operatio test
ns. The specime
severity n and
of the the
bend test chemical
is composi
primaril tion,
y a tensile
function propertie
of the s,
angle of hardness
bend , type,
and and
inside

10
 A 370 03a
quality ures by
of the boiling
steel in water
specie or by
d. heating
Method in oil or
E 190 in an
and Test oven.
Method 14.3Bend the
E 290 test
may be specime
consulte n at
d for room
methods temperat
of ure to an
performi inside
ng the diameter
test. , as
14.2Unless designat
otherwis ed by
e the
specie applicab
d, it le
shall be product
permissi specic
ble to ations,
age to the
bend extent
test specie
specime d
ns. The without
time- major
temperat cracking
ure on the
cycle outside
employe of the
d must bent
be such portion.
that the The
effects speed of
of bending
previous is
processi ordinaril
ng will y not an
not be importa
materiall nt factor.
y
changed HARDNES
. It may S TEST
be
accompl 15. Gen
ished by eral
aging at15.1A
room hardness
temperat test is a
ure 24 to means
48 h, or of
in determin
shorter ing
time at resistanc
moderat e to
ely penetrati
elevated on and
temperat is
occasion how-
ally ever, all
employe converte
d to d
obtain a Rockwel
quick l
approxi hardness
mation numbers
of shall be
tensile rounded
strength. to the
Table 2, nearest
Table 3, whole
Table 4, number.
and 15.2H
Table 5 a
are for r
the d
conversi n
on of e
hardness s
measure s
ments
from T
one e
scale to s
another t
or to i
approxi n
mate g
tensile :
strength. 15.2.1
These If the
conversi product
on specic
values ation
have permits
been alternati
obtained ve hard-
from ness
compute testing
r- to
generate determin
d curves e
and are conform
presente ance to a
d to the specie
nearest d
0.1 point hardness
to require
permit ment,
accurate the
reproduc conversi
tion of ons
those listed in
curves. Table 2,
Since all Table 3,
con- Table 4,
verted and
hardness Table 5
values shall be
must be used.
consider 15.2.2
ed When
approxi recordin
mate, g
converte on is
d used as
hardness a basis
numbers for
, the calculati
measure on of the
d Brinell
hardness hardness
and test number.
scale The
shall be quotient
indicate of the
d in applied
paren- load
theses, divided
for by the
example area of
: 353 the
HB (38 surface
HRC). of the
This indentati
means on,
that a which is
hardness assumed
value of to be
38 was spherica
obtained
l, is
using
termed
the
the
Rockwel
Brinell
l C scale
hardness
and
converte number
d to a (HB) in
Brinell accorda
hardness nce with
of 353. the
follow-
16. Bri ing
nell equation
Test :
16.1
Descr
iption:
16.1.1
A
specie
d load is
applied
to a at
surface
of the
specime
n to be
tested,
through
a hard
ball of
specie
d
diameter
. The
average
diameter
of the
indentati
from when
standard specie
tables
d. In
such as
Table 6, recordin
which g
show hardness
numbers values,
correspon the
ding to
the diameter
various of the
indentatio ball and
n the load
diameters, must be
usually in
stated
increment
s of 0.05 except
mm. when a
NOTE 10-mm
12In ball and
Test 3000-
Method E kgf load
10 the
are used.
values are
stated in 16.1.3
SI units, A
whereas range of
in this hardness
section
kg/m can
units are properly
used. be
specied
16.1.2
only for
The
quenche
standard
d and
Brinell
tempered
test
or
using a
normaliz
10-mm
ed and
ball em-
tempered
ploys a
material.
3000-
For
kgf load
annealed
for hard
material
material
a
s and a
1500 or maximu
500-kgf m gure
load for only
thin should
sections be
or soft specied
material . For
s (see normaliz
Annex ed
on Steel material
Tubular a
Products minimu
). Other m or a
loads maxi-
and mum
different hardness
size may be
indentor specied
s may be by
used agreeme
nt. In opeTh
general, e
no division
hardness s of the
requirem mi-
ents crometer
should scale of
be the
applied microsc
to ope or
untreated other
material. measuri
16.1.4 ng
Brinel devices
l used for
hardness the
may be measure
required ment of
when the
tensile diameter
prop- of the
erties indentati
are not ons shall
specie be such
d. as to
16.2 permit
Apparat the
usEqui direct
pment measure
shall ment of
meet the the
followin
diameter
g re-
to 0.1
quireme
nts: mm and
the
16.2.1 estimati
Testin on of the
g diameter
Machin to 0.05
e A mm.
Brinell
hardness NOTE
testing 13This
ma- requireme
nt applies
chine is to the
acceptab constructi
le for on of the
use over micro-
a scope
only and
loading
is not a
range requireme
within nt for
which measurem
its load ent of the
measuri indentatio
n, see
ng
16.4.3.
device is
accurate 16.2.3
to 61 %. Standar
16.2.2 d Ball
Meas The
uring standard
Microsc ball for
Brinell made on
hard- prepared
ness areas
testing is and
10 mm sufficien
(0.3937 t metal
in.) in must be
diameter removed
with a from the
deviatio surface
n from to
this eliminat
value of e
not more decarbur
than ized
0.005 metal
mm and
(0.0004 other
in.) in surface
any irregular
diameter ities.
. A ball The
suitable thicknes
for use s of the
must not piece
show a tested
permane must be
nt such that
change no bulge
in or other
diameter marking
greater showing
than the
0.01 mm effect of
(0.0004 the load
in.) appears
when on the
pressed side of
with a the piece
force of opposite
3000 kgf the
against indentati
the test on.
specime 16.4P
n. r
16.3 T o
est c
Specime e
nBrine d
ll u
hardness r
e
tests are
:
 =
2
HB 5 P/[~pD/2!~D 2 D 2 d 2!#
where:
HB = Brinell hardness number,
P = applied load, kgf,
D = diameter of the steel ball, mm, and
d = average diameter of the indentation, mm.
16.4.1
It is
essen
tial
that
the
appli
cable
prod
uct
speci
ca-
(4)
tions state
clearly the
position at
which Brinell
hardness
indentations
are to be made
and the number
of such
indenta-tions
required. The
distance of the
center of the
indentation
from the edge
of the
specimen or
edge of another
indentation
must be at least
two and one-
half times the
diameter of the
indentation.
NOTE 11The Brinell
hardness number is more
conveniently secured
16.4.2 Apply the load
for a minimum of 15
s.

11
 A 370 03a
TABLE 2 Approximate Hardness Conversion Numbers for Nonaustenitic Steels A (Rockwell C to Other Hardness Numbers)
Rockwell Supercial Hardness
Rockwell
Rockwell C Vickers Brinell Knoop A Scale, 15N Scale, 30N Scale 45N Scale,
Scale, 150-kgf Hardness, Hardness, Approximate
Hardness 60-kgf Load, 15-kgf 30-kgf 45-kgf
Load, Diamond 3000-kgf Load, 500-gf Load Tensile
Number Diamond Load, Load, Load,
Penetrator 10-mm Ball and Over Strength,
Penetrator Diamond Diamond Diamond
ksi (MPa)
Penetrator Penetrator Penetrator
68 940 ... 920 85.6 93.2 84.4 75.4 ...
67 900 ... 895 85.0 92.9 83.6 74.2 ...
66 865 ... 870 84.5 92.5 82.8 73.3 ...
65 832 739 846 83.9 92.2 81.9 72.0 ...
64 800 722 822 83.4 91.8 81.1 71.0 ...
63 772 706 799 82.8 91.4 80.1 69.9 ...
62 746 688 776 82.3 91.1 79.3 68.8 ...
61 720 670 754 81.8 90.7 78.4 67.7 ...
60 697 654 732 81.2 90.2 77.5 66.6 ...
59 674 634 710 80.7 89.8 76.6 65.5 351 (2420)
58 653 615 690 80.1 89.3 75.7 64.3 338 (2330)
57 633 595 670 79.6 88.9 74.8 63.2 325 (2240)
56 613 577 650 79.0 88.3 73.9 62.0 313 (2160)
55 595 560 630 78.5 87.9 73.0 60.9 301 (2070)
54 577 543 612 78.0 87.4 72.0 59.8 292 (2010)
53 560 525 594 77.4 86.9 71.2 58.6 283 (1950)
52 544 512 576 76.8 86.4 70.2 57.4 273 (1880)
51 528 496 558 76.3 85.9 69.4 56.1 264 (1820)
50 513 482 542 75.9 85.5 68.5 55.0 255 (1760)
49 498 468 526 75.2 85.0 67.6 53.8 246 (1700)
48 484 455 510 74.7 84.5 66.7 52.5 238 (1640)
47 471 442 495 74.1 83.9 65.8 51.4 229 (1580)
46 458 432 480 73.6 83.5 64.8 50.3 221 (1520)
45 446 421 466 73.1 83.0 64.0 49.0 215 (1480)
44 434 409 452 72.5 82.5 63.1 47.8 208 (1430)
43 423 400 438 72.0 82.0 62.2 46.7 201 (1390)
42 412 390 426 71.5 81.5 61.3 45.5 194 (1340)
41 402 381 414 70.9 80.9 60.4 44.3 188 (1300)
40 392 371 402 70.4 80.4 59.5 43.1 182 (1250)
39 382 362 391 69.9 79.9 58.6 41.9 177 (1220)
38 372 353 380 69.4 79.4 57.7 40.8 171 (1180)
37 363 344 370 68.9 78.8 56.8 39.6 166 (1140)
36 354 336 360 68.4 78.3 55.9 38.4 161 (1110)
35 345 327 351 67.9 77.7 55.0 37.2 156 (1080)
34 336 319 342 67.4 77.2 54.2 36.1 152 (1050)
33 327 311 334 66.8 76.6 53.3 34.9 149 (1030)
32 318 301 326 66.3 76.1 52.1 33.7 146 (1010)
31 310 294 318 65.8 75.6 51.3 32.5 141 (970)
30 302 286 311 65.3 75.0 50.4 31.3 138 (950)
29 294 279 304 64.6 74.5 49.5 30.1 135 (930)
28 286 271 297 64.3 73.9 48.6 28.9 131 (900)
27 279 264 290 63.8 73.3 47.7 27.8 128 (880)
26 272 258 284 63.3 72.8 46.8 26.7 125 (860)
25 266 253 278 62.8 72.2 45.9 25.5 123 (850)
24 260 247 272 62.4 71.6 45.0 24.3 119 (820)
23 254 243 266 62.0 71.0 44.0 23.1 117 (810)
22 248 237 261 61.5 70.5 43.2 22.0 115 (790)
21 243 231 256 61.0 69.9 42.3 20.7 112 (770)
20 238 226 251 60.5 69.4 41.5 19.6 110 (760)
A
This table gives the approximate interrelationships of hardness values and approximate tensile strength of steels. It is possible that steels of various compositions
and processing histories will deviate in hardness-tensile strength relationship from the data presented in this table. The data in this table should not be used for
austenitic stainless steels, but have been shown to be applicable for ferritic and martensitic stainless steels. The data in this table should not be used to establish a
relationship between hardness values and tensile strength of hard drawn wire. Where more precise conversions are required, they should be developed specially for
each steel composition, heat treatment, and part.

12
 A 370 03a
TABLE 3 Approximate Hardness Conversion Numbers for Nonaustenitic Steels A (Rockwell B to Other Hardness Numbers)

Rockwell Supercial Hardness

Rockwell B
Scale, 100- Brinell Knoop Rockwell A Rockwell F 15T Scale, 30T Scale, 45T Scale, Approximate
kgf Load 116- Vickers Hardness, Hardness, Scale, Scale, 15-kgf 30-kgf 45-kgf Tensile
in. (1.588- Hardness 3000-kgf Load, 500-gf Load 60-kgf 60-kgf Load, Load, Load, Strength
mm) Number 10-mm Ball and Over Load, Diamond Load, 116-in. 1
16 -in. 1
16-in. 1
16-in. ksi (MPa)
Ball Penetrator (1.588-mm) Ball (1.588- (1.588- (1.588-
mm) Ball mm) Ball mm) Ball
100 240 240 251 61.5 ... 93.1 83.1 72.9 116 (800)
99 234 234 246 60.9 ... 92.8 82.5 71.9 114 (785)
98 228 228 241 60.2 ... 92.5 81.8 70.9 109 (750)
97 222 222 236 59.5 ... 92.1 81.1 69.9 104 (715)
96 216 216 231 58.9 ... 91.8 80.4 68.9 102 (705)
95 210 210 226 58.3 ... 91.5 79.8 67.9 100 (690)
94 205 205 221 57.6 ... 91.2 79.1 66.9 98 (675)
93 200 200 216 57.0 ... 90.8 78.4 65.9 94 (650)
92 195 195 211 56.4 ... 90.5 77.8 64.8 92 (635)
91 190 190 206 55.8 ... 90.2 77.1 63.8 90 (620)
90 185 185 201 55.2 ... 89.9 76.4 62.8 89 (615)
89 180 180 196 54.6 ... 89.5 75.8 61.8 88 (605)
88 176 176 192 54.0 ... 89.2 75.1 60.8 86 (590)
87 172 172 188 53.4 ... 88.9 74.4 59.8 84 (580)
86 169 169 184 52.8 ... 88.6 73.8 58.8 83 (570)
85 165 165 180 52.3 ... 88.2 73.1 57.8 82 (565)
84 162 162 176 51.7 ... 87.9 72.4 56.8 81 (560)
83 159 159 173 51.1 ... 87.6 71.8 55.8 80 (550)
82 156 156 170 50.6 ... 87.3 71.1 54.8 77 (530)
81 153 153 167 50.0 ... 86.9 70.4 53.8 73 (505)
80 150 150 164 49.5 ... 86.6 69.7 52.8 72 (495)
79 147 147 161 48.9 ... 86.3 69.1 51.8 70 (485)
78 144 144 158 48.4 ... 86.0 68.4 50.8 69 (475)
77 141 141 155 47.9 ... 85.6 67.7 49.8 68 (470)
76 139 139 152 47.3 ... 85.3 67.1 48.8 67 (460)
75 137 137 150 46.8 99.6 85.0 66.4 47.8 66 (455)
74 135 135 147 46.3 99.1 84.7 65.7 46.8 65 (450)
73 132 132 145 45.8 98.5 84.3 65.1 45.8 64 (440)
72 130 130 143 45.3 98.0 84.0 64.4 44.8 63 (435)
71 127 127 141 44.8 97.4 83.7 63.7 43.8 62 (425)
70 125 125 139 44.3 96.8 83.4 63.1 42.8 61 (420)
69 123 123 137 43.8 96.2 83.0 62.4 41.8 60 (415)
68 121 121 135 43.3 95.6 82.7 61.7 40.8 59 (405)
67 119 119 133 42.8 95.1 82.4 61.0 39.8 58 (400)
66 117 117 131 42.3 94.5 82.1 60.4 38.7 57 (395)
65 116 116 129 41.8 93.9 81.8 59.7 37.7 56 (385)
64 114 114 127 41.4 93.4 81.4 59.0 36.7 ...
63 112 112 125 40.9 92.8 81.1 58.4 35.7 ...
62 110 110 124 40.4 92.2 80.8 57.7 34.7 ...
61 108 108 122 40.0 91.7 80.5 57.0 33.7 ...
60 107 107 120 39.5 91.1 80.1 56.4 32.7 ...
59 106 106 118 39.0 90.5 79.8 55.7 31.7 ...
58 104 104 117 38.6 90.0 79.5 55.0 30.7 ...
57 103 103 115 38.1 89.4 79.2 54.4 29.7 ...
56 101 101 114 37.7 88.8 78.8 53.7 28.7 ...
55 100 100 112 37.2 88.2 78.5 53.0 27.7 ...
54 ... ... 111 36.8 87.7 78.2 52.4 26.7 ...
53 ... ... 110 36.3 87.1 77.9 51.7 25.7 ...
52 ... ... 109 35.9 86.5 77.5 51.0 24.7 ...
51 ... ... 108 35.5 86.0 77.2 50.3 23.7 ...
50 ... ... 107 35.0 85.4 76.9 49.7 22.7 ...
49 ... ... 106 34.6 84.8 76.6 49.0 21.7 ...
48 ... ... 105 34.1 84.3 76.2 48.3 20.7 ...
47 ... ... 104 33.7 83.7 75.9 47.7 19.7 ...
46 ... ... 103 33.3 83.1 75.6 47.0 18.7 ...
45 ... ... 102 32.9 82.6 75.3 46.3 17.7 ...
44 ... ... 101 32.4 82.0 74.9 45.7 16.7 ...
43 ... ... 100 32.0 81.4 74.6 45.0 15.7 ...
42 ... ... 99 31.6 80.8 74.3 44.3 14.7 ...
41 ... ... 98 31.2 80.3 74.0 43.7 13.6 ...
40 ... ... 97 30.7 79.7 73.6 43.0 12.6 ...
39 ... ... 96 30.3 79.1 73.3 42.3 11.6 ...
38 ... ... 95 29.9 78.6 73.0 41.6 10.6 ...
37 ... ... 94 29.5 78.0 72.7 41.0 9.6 ...
36 ... ... 93 29.1 77.4 72.3 40.3 8.6 ...
35 ... ... 92 28.7 76.9 72.0 39.6 7.6 ...
34 ... ... 91 28.2 76.3 71.7 39.0 6.6 ...
33 ... ... 90 27.8 75.7 71.4 38.3 5.6 ...

13
 A 370 03a
TABLE 3 Continued
Rockwell Supercial Hardness
Rockwell B
Scale, 100- Brinell Knoop Rockwell A Rockwell F 15T Scale, 30T Scale, 45T Scale, Approximate
kgf Load 116- Vickers Hardness, Hardness, Scale, Scale, 15-kgf 30-kgf 45-kgf Tensile
in. (1.588- Hardness 3000-kgf Load, 500-gf Load 60-kgf 60-kgf Load, Load, Load, Strength
mm) Number 10-mm Ball and Over Load, Diamond Load, 116-in. 1
16 -in. 1
16-in. 1
16-in. ksi (MPa)
Ball Penetrator (1.588-mm) Ball (1.588- (1.588- (1.588-
mm) Ball mm) Ball mm) Ball
32 ... ... 89 27.4 75.2 71.0 37.6 4.6 ...
31 ... ... 88 27.0 74.6 70.7 37.0 3.6 ...
30 ... ... 87 26.6 74.0 70.4 36.3 2.6 ...
A
This table gives the approximate interrelationships of hardness values and approximate tensile strength of steels. It is possible that steels of various compositions
and processing histories will deviate in hardness-tensile strength relationship from the data presented in this table. The data in this table should not be used for
austenitic stainless steels, but have been shown to be applicable for ferritic and martensitic stainless steels. The data in this table should not be used to establish a
relationship between hardness values and tensile strength of hard drawn wire. Where more precise conversions are required, they should be developed specially for
each steel composition, heat treatment, and part.

TABLE 4 Approximate Hardness Conversion Numbers for Austenitic Steels (Rockwell C to other Hardness Numbers)
Rockwell Supercial Hardness
Rockwell C Scale, 150-kgf Rockwell A Scale, 60-kgf
Load, Diamond Penetrator Load, Diamond Penetrator 15N Scale, 15-kgf Load, 30N Scale, 30-kgf Load, 45N Scale, 45-kgf Load,
Diamond Penetrator Diamond Penetrator Diamond Penetrator
48 74.4 84.1 66.2 52.1
47 73.9 83.6 65.3 50.9
46 73.4 83.1 64.5 49.8
45 72.9 82.6 63.6 48.7
44 72.4 82.1 62.7 47.5
43 71.9 81.6 61.8 46.4
42 71.4 81.0 61.0 45.2
41 70.9 80.5 60.1 44.1
40 70.4 80.0 59.2 43.0
39 69.9 79.5 58.4 41.8
38 69.3 79.0 57.5 40.7
37 68.8 78.5 56.6 39.6
36 68.3 78.0 55.7 38.4
35 67.8 77.5 54.9 37.3
34 67.3 77.0 54.0 36.1
33 66.8 76.5 53.1 35.0
32 66.3 75.9 52.3 33.9
31 65.8 75.4 51.4 32.7
30 65.3 74.9 50.5 31.6
29 64.8 74.4 49.6 30.4
28 64.3 73.9 48.8 29.3
27 63.8 73.4 47.9 28.2
26 63.3 72.9 47.0 27.0
25 62.8 72.4 46.2 25.9
24 62.3 71.9 45.3 24.8
23 61.8 71.3 44.4 23.6
22 61.3 70.8 43.5 22.5
21 60.8 70.3 42.7 21.3
20 60.3 69.8 41.8 20.2

16.4.3 Measure two diameters of the indentation at right

angles to the nearest 0.1 mm, estimate to the nearest 0.05 mm,
and average to the nearest 0.05 mm. If the two diameters
differ by more than 0.1 mm, discard the readings and make a
new indentation.

14
 A 370 03a
TABLE 5 Approximate Hardness Conversion Numbers for Austenitic Steels (Rockwell B to other Hardness Numbers)
Rockwell B Rockwell Supercial Hardness
Scale, 100- Brinell Indentation Brinell Hardness, Rockwell A Scale, 15T Scale, 30T Scale, 45T Scale,
kgf Load, 116- Diameter, mm 3000-kgf Load, 60-kgf Load, 15-kgf Load, 30-kgf Load, 45-kgf Load,
in. (1.588- 10-mm Ball Diamond Penetrator 1
16-in. (1.588- 1
16-in. (1.588- 1
16-in. (1.588-
mm) Ball mm) Ball mm) Ball mm) Ball
100 3.79 256 61.5 91.5 80.4 70.2
99 3.85 248 60.9 91.2 79.7 69.2
98 3.91 240 60.3 90.8 79.0 68.2
97 3.96 233 59.7 90.4 78.3 67.2
96 4.02 226 59.1 90.1 77.7 66.1
95 4.08 219 58.5 89.7 77.0 65.1
94 4.14 213 58.0 89.3 76.3 64.1
93 4.20 207 57.4 88.9 75.6 63.1
92 4.24 202 56.8 88.6 74.9 62.1
91 4.30 197 56.2 88.2 74.2 61.1
90 4.35 192 55.6 87.8 73.5 60.1
89 4.40 187 55.0 87.5 72.8 59.0
88 4.45 183 54.5 87.1 72.1 58.0
87 4.51 178 53.9 86.7 71.4 57.0
86 4.55 174 53.3 86.4 70.7 56.0
85 4.60 170 52.7 86.0 70.0 55.0
84 4.65 167 52.1 85.6 69.3 54.0
83 4.70 163 51.5 85.2 68.6 52.9
82 4.74 160 50.9 84.9 67.9 51.9
81 4.79 156 50.4 84.5 67.2 50.9
80 4.84 153 49.8 84.1 66.5 49.9

TABLE 6 Brinell Hardness NumbersA

(Ball 10 mm in Diameter, Applied Loads of 500, 1500, and 3000 kgf)

Diameter Brinell Hardness Number Brinell Hardness Number Diameter Brinell Hardness Number Diameter Brinell Hardness Number
of Indenta- Diameter of Indenta-
tion, mm 500- 1500- 3000- of Indenta- 500- 1500- 3000- tion, mm 500- 1500- 3000- of Indenta- 500- 1500- 3000-
kgf kgf kgf tion, mm kgf kgf kgf kgf kgf kgf tion, mm kgf kgf kgf
Load Load Load Load Load Load Load Load Load Load Load Load
2.00 158 473 945 2.60 92.6 278 555 3.20 60.5 182 363 3.80 42.4 127 255
2.01 156 468 936 2.61 91.8 276 551 3.21 60.1 180 361 3.81 42.2 127 253
2.02 154 463 926 2.62 91.1 273 547 3.22 59.8 179 359 3.82 42.0 126 252
2.03 153 459 917 2.63 90.4 271 543 3.23 59.4 178 356 3.83 41.7 125 250
2.04 151 454 908 2.64 89.7 269 538 3.24 59.0 177 354 3.84 41.5 125 249
2.05 150 450 899 2.65 89.0 267 534 3.25 58.6 176 352 3.85 41.3 124 248
2.06 148 445 890 2.66 88.4 265 530 3.26 58.3 175 350 3.86 41.1 123 246
2.07 147 441 882 2.67 87.7 263 526 3.27 57.9 174 347 3.87 40.9 123 245
2.08 146 437 873 2.68 87.0 261 522 3.28 57.5 173 345 3.88 40.6 122 244
2.09 144 432 865 2.69 86.4 259 518 3.29 57.2 172 343 3.89 40.4 121 242
2.10 143 428 856 2.70 85.7 257 514 3.30 56.8 170 341 3.90 40.2 121 241
2.11 141 424 848 2.71 85.1 255 510 3.31 56.5 169 339 3.91 40.0 120 240
2.12 140 420 840 2.72 84.4 253 507 3.32 56.1 168 337 3.92 39.8 119 239
2.13 139 416 832 2.73 83.8 251 503 3.33 55.8 167 335 3.93 39.6 119 237
2.14 137 412 824 2.74 83.2 250 499 3.34 55.4 166 333 3.94 39.4 118 236
2.15 136 408 817 2.75 82.6 248 495 3.35 55.1 165 331 3.95 39.1 117 235
2.16 135 404 809 2.76 81.9 246 492 3.36 54.8 164 329 3.96 38.9 117 234
2.17 134 401 802 2.77 81.3 244 488 3.37 54.4 163 326 3.97 38.7 116 232
2.18 132 397 794 2.78 80.8 242 485 3.38 54.1 162 325 3.98 38.5 116 231
2.19 131 393 787 2.79 80.2 240 481 3.39 53.8 161 323 3.99 38.3 115 230
2.20 130 390 780 2.80 79.6 239 477 3.40 53.4 160 321 4.00 38.1 114 229
2.21 129 386 772 2.81 79.0 237 474 3.41 53.1 159 319 4.01 37.9 114 228
2.22 128 383 765 2.82 78.4 235 471 3.42 52.8 158 317 4.02 37.7 113 226
2.23 126 379 758 2.83 77.9 234 467 3.43 52.5 157 315 4.03 37.5 113 225
2.24 125 376 752 2.84 77.3 232 464 344 52.2 156 313 4.04 37.3 112 224
2.25 124 372 745 2.85 76.8 230 461 3.45 51.8 156 311 4.05 37.1 111 223
2.26 123 369 738 2.86 76.2 229 457 3.46 51.5 155 309 4.06 37.0 111 222
2.27 122 366 732 2.87 75.7 227 454 3.47 51.2 154 307 4.07 36.8 110 221
2.28 121 363 725 2.88 75.1 225 451 3.48 50.9 153 306 4.08 36.6 110 219
2.29 120 359 719 2.89 74.6 224 448 3.49 50.6 152 304 4.09 36.4 109 218
2.30 119 356 712 2.90 74.1 222 444 3.50 50.3 151 302 4.10 36.2 109 217
2.31 118 353 706 2.91 73.6 221 441 3.51 50.0 150 300 4.11 36.0 108 216
2.32 117 350 700 2.92 73.0 219 438 3.52 49.7 149 298 4.12 35.8 108 215
2.33 116 347 694 2.93 72.5 218 435 3.53 49.4 148 297 4.13 35.7 107 214
2.34 115 344 688 2.94 72.0 216 432 3.54 49.2 147 295 4.14 35.5 106 213
2.35 114 341 682 2.95 71.5 215 429 3.55 48.9 147 293 4.15 35.3 106 212
2.36 113 338 676 2.96 71.0 213 426 3.56 48.6 146 292 4.16 35.1 105 211
2.37 112 335 670 2.97 70.5 212 423 3.57 48.3 145 290 4.17 34.9 105 210

15
 A 370 03a
TABLE 6 Continued
Diameter Brinell Hardness Number Brinell Hardness Number Diameter Brinell Hardness Number Diameter Brinell Hardness Number
of Indenta- Diameter of Indenta-
tion, mm 500- 1500- 3000- of Indenta- 500- 1500- 3000- tion, mm 500- 1500- 3000- of Indenta- 500- 1500- 3000-
kgf kgf kgf tion, mm kgf kgf kgf kgf kgf kgf tion, mm kgf kgf kgf
Load Load Load Load Load Load Load Load Load Load Load Load
2.38 111 332 665 2.98 70.1 210 420 3.58 48.0 144 288 4.18 34.8 104 209
2.39 110 330 659 2.99 69.6 209 417 3.59 47.7 143 286 4.19 34.6 104 208
2.40 109 327 653 3.00 69.1 207 415 3.60 47.5 142 285 4.20 34.4 103 207
2.41 108 324 648 3.01 68.6 206 412 3.61 47.2 142 283 4.21 34.2 103 205
2.42 107 322 643 3.02 68.2 205 409 3.62 46.9 141 282 4.22 34.1 102 204
2.43 106 319 637 3.03 67.7 203 406 3.63 46.7 140 280 4.23 33.9 102 203
2.44 105 316 632 3.04 67.3 202 404 3.64 46.4 139 278 4.24 33.7 101 202
2.45 104 313 627 3.05 66.8 200 401 3.65 46.1 138 277 4.25 33.6 101 201
2.46 104 311 621 3.06 66.4 199 398 3.66 45.9 138 275 4.26 33.4 100 200
2.47 103 308 616 3.07 65.9 198 395 3.67 45.6 137 274 4.27 33.2 99.7 199
2.48 102 306 611 3.08 65.5 196 393 3.68 45.4 136 272 4.28 33.1 99.2 198
2.49 101 303 606 3.09 65.0 195 390 3.69 45.1 135 271 4.29 32.9 98.8 198
2.50 100 301 601 3.10 64.6 194 388 3.70 44.9 135 269 4.30 32.8 98.3 197
2.51 99.4 298 597 3.11 64.2 193 385 3.71 44.6 134 268 4.31 32.6 97.8 196
2.52 98.6 296 592 3.12 63.8 191 383 3.72 44.4 133 266 4.32 32.4 97.3 195
2.53 97.8 294 587 3.13 63.3 190 380 3.73 44.1 132 265 4.33 32.3 96.8 194
2.54 97.1 291 582 3.14 62.9 189 378 3.74 43.9 132 263 4.34 32.1 96.4 193
2.55 96.3 289 578 3.15 62.5 188 375 3.75 43.6 131 262 4.35 32.0 95.9 192
2.56 95.5 287 573 3.16 62.1 186 373 3.76 43.4 130 260 4.36 31.8 95.5 191
2.57 94.8 284 569 3.17 61.7 185 370 3.77 43.1 129 259 4.37 31.7 95.0 190
2.58 94.0 282 564 3.18 61.3 184 368 3.78 42.9 129 257 4.38 31.5 94.5 189
2.59 93.3 280 560 3.19 60.9 183 366 3.79 42.7 128 256 4.39 31.4 94.1 188

16
 A 370 03a
TABLE 6 Continued
Diameter Brinell Hardness Number Brinell Hardness Number Diameter Brinell Hardness Number Diameter Brinell Hardness Number
of Indenta- Diameter of Indenta-
tion, mm 500- 1500- 3000- of Indenta- 500- 1500- 3000- tion, mm 500- 1500- 3000- of Indenta- 500- 1500- 3000-
kgf kgf kgf tion, mm kgf kgf kgf kgf kgf kgf tion, mm kgf kgf kgf
Load Load Load Load Load Load Load Load Load Load Load Load
4.40 31.2 93.6 187 5.05 23.3 69.8 140 5.70 17.8 53.5 107 6.35 14.0 42.0 84.0
4.41 31.1 93.2 186 5.06 23.2 69.5 139 5.71 17.8 53.3 107 6.36 13.9 41.8 83.7
4.42 30.9 92.7 185 5.07 23.1 69.2 138 5.72 17.7 53.1 106 6.37 13.9 41.7 83.4
4.43 30.8 92.3 185 5.08 23.0 68.9 138 5.73 17.6 52.9 106 6.38 13.8 41.5 83.1
4.44 30.6 91.8 184 5.09 22.9 68.6 137 5.74 17.6 52.7 105 6.39 13.8 41.4 82.8
4.45 30.5 91.4 183 5.10 22.8 68.3 137 5.75 17.5 52.5 105 6.40 13.7 41.2 82.5
4.46 30.3 91.0 182 5.11 22.7 68.0 136 5.76 17.4 52.3 105 6.41 13.7 41.1 82.2
4.47 30.2 90.5 181 5.12 22.6 67.7 135 5.77 17.4 52.1 104 6.42 13.6 40.9 81.9
4.48 30.0 90.1 180 5.13 22.5 67.4 135 5.78 17.3 51.9 104 6.43 13.6 40.8 81.6
4.49 29.9 89.7 179 5.14 22.4 67.1 134 5.79 17.2 51.7 103 6.44 13.5 40.6 81.3
4.50 29.8 89.3 179 5.15 22.3 66.9 134 5.80 17.2 51.5 103 6.45 13.5 40.5 81.0
4.51 29.6 88.8 178 5.16 22.2 66.6 133 5.81 17.1 51.3 103 6.46 13.4 40.4 80.7
4.52 29.5 88.4 177 5.17 22.1 66.3 133 5.82 17.0 51.1 102 6.47 13.4 40.2 80.4
4.53 29.3 88.0 176 5.18 22.0 66.0 132 5.83 17.0 50.9 102 6.48 13.4 40.1 80.1
4.54 29.2 87.6 175 5.19 21.9 65.8 132 5.84 16.9 50.7 101 6.49 13.3 39.9 79.8
4.55 29.1 87.2 174 5.20 21.8 65.5 131 5.85 16.8 50.5 101 6.50 13.3 39.8 79.6
4.56 28.9 86.8 174 5.21 21.7 65.2 130 5.86 16.8 50.3 101 6.51 13.2 39.6 79.3
4.57 28.8 86.4 173 5.22 21.6 64.9 130 5.87 16.7 50.2 100 6.52 13.2 39.5 79.0
4.58 28.7 86.0 172 5.23 21.6 64.7 129 5.88 16.7 50.0 99.9 6.53 13.1 39.4 78.7
4.59 28.5 85.6 171 5.24 21.5 64.4 129 5.89 16.6 49.8 99.5 6.54 13.1 39.2 78.4
4.60 28.4 85.4 170 5.25 21.4 64.1 128 5.90 16.5 49.6 99.2 6.55 13.0 39.1 78.2
4.61 28.3 84.8 170 5.26 21.3 63.9 128 5.91 16.5 49.4 98.8 6.56 13.0 38.9 78.0
4.62 28.1 84.4 169 5.27 21.2 63.6 127 5.92 16.4 49.2 98.4 6.57 12.9 38.8 77.6
4.63 28.0 84.0 168 5.28 21.1 63.3 127 5.93 16.3 49.0 98.0 6.58 12.9 38.7 77.3
4.64 27.9 83.6 167 5.29 21.0 63.1 126 5.94 16.3 48.8 97.7 6.59 12.8 38.5 77.1
4.65 27.8 83.3 167 5.30 20.9 62.8 126 5.95 16.2 48.7 97.3 6.60 12.8 38.4 76.8
4.66 27.6 82.9 166 5.31 20.9 62.6 125 5.96 16.2 48.5 96.9 6.61 12.8 38.3 76.5
4.67 27.5 82.5 165 5.32 20.8 62.3 125 5.97 16.1 48.3 96.6 6.62 12.7 38.1 76.2
4.68 27.4 82.1 164 5.33 20.7 62.1 124 5.98 16.0 48.1 96.2 6.63 12.7 38.0 76.0
4.69 27.3 81.8 164 5.34 20.6 61.8 124 5.99 16.0 47.9 95.9 6.64 12.6 37.9 75.7
4.70 27.1 81.4 163 5.35 20.5 61.5 123 6.00 15.9 47.7 95.5 6.65 12.6 37.7 75.4
4.71 27.0 81.0 162 5.36 20.4 61.3 123 6.01 15.9 47.6 95.1 6.66 12.5 37.6 75.2
4.72 26.9 80.7 161 5.37 20.3 61.0 122 6.02 15.8 47.4 94.8 6.67 12.5 37.5 74.9
4.73 26.8 80.3 161 5.38 20.3 60.8 122 6.03 15.7 47.2 94.4 6.68 12.4 37.3 74.7
4.74 26.6 79.9 160 5.39 20.2 60.6 121 6.04 15.7 47.0 94.1 6.69 12.4 37.2 74.4
4.75 26.5 79.6 159 5.40 20.1 60.3 121 6.05 15.6 46.8 93.7 6.70 12.4 37.1 74.1
4.76 26.4 79.2 158 5.41 20.0 60.1 120 6.06 15.6 46.7 93.4 6.71 12.3 36.9 73.9
4.77 26.3 78.9 158 5.42 19.9 59.8 120 6.07 15.5 46.5 93.0 6.72 12.3 36.8 73.6
4.78 26.2 78.5 157 5.43 19.9 59.6 119 6.08 15.4 46.3 92.7 6.73 12.2 36.7 73.4
4.79 26.1 78.2 156 5.44 19.8 59.3 119 6.09 15.4 46.2 92.3 6.74 12.2 36.6 73.1
4.80 25.9 77.8 156 5.45 19.7 59.1 118 6.10 15.3 46.0 92.0 6.75 12.1 36.4 72.8
4.81 25.8 77.5 155 5.46 19.6 58.9 118 6.11 15.3 45.8 91.7 6.76 12.1 36.3 72.6
4.82 25.7 77.1 154 5.47 19.5 58.6 117 6.12 15.2 45.7 91.3 6.77 12.1 36.2 72.3
4.83 25.6 76.8 154 5.48 19.5 58.4 117 6.13 15.2 45.5 91.0 6.78 12.0 36.0 72.1
4.84 25.5 76.4 153 5.49 19.4 58.2 116 6.14 15.1 45.3 90.6 6.79 12.0 35.9 71.8
4.85 25.4 76.1 152 5.50 19.3 57.9 116 6.15 15.1 45.2 90.3 6.80 11.9 35.8 71.6
4.86 25.3 75.8 152 5.51 19.2 57.7 115 6.16 15.0 45.0 90.0 6.81 11.9 35.7 71.3
4.87 25.1 75.4 151 5.52 19.2 57.5 115 6.17 14.9 44.8 89.6 6.82 11.8 35.5 71.1
4.88 25.0 75.1 150 5.53 19.1 57.2 114 6.18 14.9 44.7 89.3 6.83 11.8 35.4 70.8
4.89 24.9 74.8 150 5.54 19.0 57.0 114 6.19 14.8 44.5 89.0 6.84 11.8 35.3 70.6
4.90 24.8 74.4 149 5.55 18.9 56.8 114 6.20 14.7 44.3 88.7 6.86 11.7 35.2 70.4
4.91 24.7 74.1 148 5.56 18.9 56.6 113 6.21 14.7 44.2 88.3 6.86 11.7 35.1 70.1
4.92 24.6 73.8 148 5.57 18.8 56.3 113 6.22 14.7 44.0 88.0 6.87 11.6 34.9 69.9
4.93 24.5 73.5 147 5.58 18.7 56.1 112 6.23 14.6 43.8 87.7 6.88 11.6 34.8 69.6
4.94 24.4 73.2 146 5.59 18.6 55.9 112 6.24 14.6 43.7 87.4 6.89 11.6 34.7 69.4
4.95 24.3 72.8 146 5.60 18.6 55.7 111 6.25 14.5 43.5 87.1 6.90 11.5 34.6 69.2
4.96 24.2 72.5 145 5.61 18.5 55.5 111 6.26 14.5 43.4 86.7 6.91 11.5 34.5 68.9
4.97 24.1 72.2 144 5.62 18.4 55.2 110 6.27 14.4 43.2 86.4 6.92 11.4 34.3 68.7
4.98 24.0 71.9 144 5.63 18.3 55.0 110 6.28 14.4 43.1 86.1 6.93 11.4 34.2 68.4
4.99 23.9 71.6 143 5.64 18.3 54.8 110 6.29 14.3 42.9 85.8 6.94 11.4 34.1 68.2
5.00 23.8 71.3 143 5.65 18.2 54.6 109 6.30 14.2 42.7 85.5 6.95 11.3 34.0 68.0
5.01 23.7 71.0 142 5.66 18.1 54.4 109 6.31 14.2 42.6 85.2 6.96 11.3 33.9 67.7
5.02 23.6 70.7 141 5.67 18.1 54.2 108 6.32 14.1 42.4 84.9 6.97 11.3 33.8 67.5
5.03 23.5 70.4 141 5.68 18.0 54.0 108 6.33 14.1 42.3 84.6 6.98 11.2 33.6 67.3
5.04 23.4 70.1 140 5.69 17.9 53.7 107 6.34 14.0 42.1 84.3 6.99 11.2 33.5 67.0
A
Prepared by the Engineering Mechanics Section, Institute for Standards Technology.

17
 A 370 03a
16.4.4 with the
Do not require
use a ments of
steel Test
ball on Method
steels E 10.
having a16.5Detailed
hardness Procedu
over 450 reFor
HB nor detailed
a require
carbide ments of
ball on this test,
steels referenc
having a e shall
hardness be made
over 650 to the
HB. The latest
Brinell revision
hardness of Test
test is Method
not E 10.
recomm
ended 17. Roc
for kwe
material ll
s having Test
a
17.1D
hardness
e
over 650
s
HB.
c
16.4.4 r
.1 If a i
ball is p
used in a t
test of a i
specime o
n which
n
shows a
:
Brinell
hardness 17.1.1
number In this
greater test a
than the hardness
limit for value is
the ball obtained
as by
detailed determin
in -ing the
16.4.4, depth of
the ball penetrati
shall be on of a
either diamond
discarde point or
d and a steel
replaced ball into
with a the
new ball specime
or n under
remeasu certain
red to arbitraril
ensure y xed
conform conditio
ance ns. A
minor shows
load of on a
10 kgf is dial,
rst digital
applied display,
which printer,
causes or other
an initial device.
penetrati This is
on, sets an
the arbitrary
penetrat number
or on the which
material increase
and s with
holds it increasi
in ng
position. hardness
A major . The
load scales
which most
depends frequent
on the ly used
scale are as
being follows:
used is Major Minor
Scale
applied Symbol Penetrator
Load, Load,
kgf kgf
increasi
ng the B 1
16-in. steel ball 100 10
depth of C Diamond brale 150 10
indentati
17.1.2
on. The
Rockwel
major
l
load is
superc
removed
ial
and,
hardness
with the machine
minor s are
load still used for
acting, the
the testing
Rockwel of very
l thin
number, steel or
which is thin
proporti surface
onal to layers.
the Loads of
differen 15, 30,
ce in or 45
penetrati kgf are
on applied
between on a
the hardene
major d steel
and ball or
minor diamond
loads is penetrat
determin or, to
ed; this cover
is the same
usually range of
done by hardness
the values
machine as for
and the
heavier 18. Por
loads. tabl
The e
superc Har
ial dne
hardness ss
scales Test
are as 18.1 A
follows: lthough
the use
Scale
Symbol of the
standard
15T ,
30T
45T
stationar
15N y Brinell
30N or
45N Rockwel
l
hardness
tester is
generall
y
preferre
d, it is
not
always
possible
to
perform
the
hardness
test
using
such
equipme
nt due to
the part
size or
location.
In this
event,
hardness
testing
using
portable
equipme
nt as
describe
d in
Practice
A 833 or
Test
Method
E 110
shall be
used.
CHA
RPY
IMP
ACT
TES
TIN
G
19. Su (hereinaf
mm ter
ary referred
19.1 A to as the
Charpy specic
V-notch ation).
impact Althoug
test is a h the
dynamic testing
test in temperat
which a ure is
notched sometim
specime es
n is related
struck to the
and expected
broken service
by a temperat
single ure, the
blow in two
a temperat
specially ures
designed need not
testing be
machine identical
. The .
measure 20. Sig
d test ni
values can
may be ce
the
and
energy
Use
absorbe
d, the 20.1 D
percenta uctile
ge shear vs.
fracture, Brittle
the Behavio
lateral rBody
expansio -
n centered
opposite -cubic or
the ferritic
notch, or alloys
a combi- exhibit a
nation signica
thereof. nt
19.2 T transitio
esting n in
temperat behavior
ures when
other impact
than tested
room over a
(ambient range of
) tem- temperat
perature ures. At
often are temperat
specie ures
d in above
product transitio
or n,
general impact
require specime
ment ns
specic fracture
ations
by a transitio
ductile n
(usually behavior
microvo may be
id dened
coalesce in
nce) various
mechani ways for
sm, specic
absorbin ation
g rela- purposes
tively .
large 20.2.1
amounts The
of specic
energy. ation
At lower may
temperat require a
ures, minimu
they m test
fracture result
in a for
brittle absorbe
(usually d
cleavage energy,
) manner fracture
absorbin appearan
g less ce,
energy. lateral
expansio
Within
n, or a
the
combina
transitio
tion
n range,
thereof,
the
at a
fracture specie
will d test
generall temperat
y be a ure.
mixture 20.2.2
of areas The
of specic
ductile ation
fracture may
and require
brittle the
fracture. determin
20.2 T ation of
he the
temperat transitio
ure n
range of temperat
the ure at
transitio which
n from either
one type the
of absorbe
behavior d energy
to the or
other fracture
varies appearan
accordin ce
g to the attains a
material specie
being d level
tested. when
This testing is
 perform signica
ed over nce of
a range impact
of testing
temperat appears
ures. in
20.3 F Annex
urther A5.
informat
ion on 21. Ap
the par
atus
Methods
17.2 Reporti E 18.
ng
Hardness
In
recording
hardness
values,
the
hardness
number
shall
always
precede
the scale
symbol,
for
example:
96 HRB,
40 HRC,
75
HR15N,
or 77
HR30T.
17.3 Test
Blocks
Machines
should be
checked
to make
certain
they are
in good
order by
means of
standardi
zed
Rockwell
test
blocks.
17.4 Detaile
d
Procedur
eFor
detailed
requirem
ents of
this test,
reference
shall be
made to
the latest
revision
of Test
 21.1 pendulum
Testing are
Machi
nes: known,
21.1.1 A the
Charpy energy of
impact the blow
machine is
is one in predeterm
which a ined. A
notched means is
specimen provided
is broken to
by a indicate
single the
blow of a energy
freely absorbed
swinging in
pendulum breaking
. The the
pendulum specimen.
is 21.1.2 The
released other
from a principal
xed feature of
height. the
Since the machine is
height to a xture
which the (See Fig.
pendulum 10)
is raised designed
prior to to support
its swing, a test
and the specimen
mass of as a
the simple

18
 A 370 03a
pl
e-
B
ea
m)
Im
pa
ct
Te
st

beam at
a precise
location.
The
xture
is
arranged
so that
the
notched
face of
All
dimensiona the
l tolerances specime
shall be n is
60.05 mm
(0.002 in.) vertical.
unless The
otherwise pendulu
specied.
m
NOTE strikes
1A shall the other
be parallel vertical
to B
within
face
2:1000 directly
and opposite
coplanar the
with B notch.
within The
0.05 mm
(0.002
dimen-
in.). sions of
NOTE the
2C shall specime
be parallel n
to D supports
within
20:1000
and
and striking
coplanar edge
with D shall
within conform
0.125 mm to Fig.
(0.005
in.). 10.
NOTE 21.1.3
3Finis Charpy
h on machine
unmark s used
ed parts
for
shall be
4 m testing
(125 steel
in.). generall
FI y have
G. capacitie
10
C
s in the
ha 220 to
rp 300 ft
y lbf (300
(Si to 400 J)
m
energy 21.2.2
range. Low
Someti temperat
mes ure
machine media
s of usually
lesser are
capacity chilled
are used; uids
how- (such as
ever, the water,
capacity ice plus
of the water,
machine dry ice
should plus
be organic
substanti solvents,
ally in or liquid
excess nitrogen
of the ) or
absorbe chilled
d energy gases.
of the 21.2.3
specime Elevat
ns (see ed
Test temperat
Methods ure
E 23). media
The are
usually
linear
heated
velocity
liq-uids
at the
such as
point of
mineral
impact
or
should silicone
be in the oils.
range of Circulati
16 to 19 ng air
ft/s (4.9 ovens
to 5.8 may be
m/s). used.
21.2 21.3
Tempe Handlin
rature g
Media Equipm
: entTon
21.2.1 gs,
For especiall
testing y
at other adapted
than to t the
room notch in
temperat the
ure, it is impact
necessar
specime
y to
n,
conditio
normall
n the
y are
Charpy
used for
specime
ns in removin
media at g the
controlle specime
d ns from
temperat the
ures. medium
and
placing 22.1.1
them on Test
the anvil location
(refer to and
Test orientati
Methods on
E 23). In should
cases be
where addresse
the d by the
machine specic
xture ations. If
does not not, for
provide wrought
for products
automati , the test
c location
centerin shall be
g of the the same
test as that
specime for the
n, the tensile
tongs specime
may be n and
precisio the
orientati
n
on shall
machine
be
d to
longitudi
provide
nal with
centerin
the
g. notch
perpendi
cular to
the
major
surface
of the
product
being
tested.
22.1.2
Numbe
r
of
Sp
eci
me
ns.
22.1.2.1
A
Charpy
impact
test
consists
of all
specime
ns taken
from a
single
test
coupon
or test
location.
22.1.2.2
When
the
specic absorbe
ation d energy
calls for is
a expected
minimu to
m aver- exceed
80 % of
age test full
result, scale,
three use
specime standard
ns shall subsize
be test
tested. specime
22.1.2.3 ns.
When 22.2.2.2
the For
specic tubular
ation material
requires s tested
determin in the
ation of transver
a se direc-
transitio tion,
n where
temperat the
ure, relations
eight to hip
twelve between
specime diameter
ns are and wall
usually thick-
needed. ness
22.2 does not
Type permit a
and standard
Size: full size
22.2.1 specime
Use a n, use
standard standard
full size subsize
Charpy test
V-notch specime
specime ns or
n (Type standard
A) as size
shown specime
in Fig. ns
11, containi
except ng outer
as diameter
allowed (OD)
in curvatur
22.2.2. e as
22.2.2 follows:
Subsi (1)
zed Standard
Speci size
mens. specimen
22.2.2.1 s and
For subsize
at specimen
material s may
less than
7 contain
16 in.
(11 mm) the
thick, or original
when OD
the surface
of the ( + 0,
0.100
tubular in.)
product Center
ing of
as shown notch
(L/2)
61 mm
(60.03
9 in.)
Angle
of
notch
61
Radius
of
notch
60.025
N mm
O (60.00
T
E 1 in.)
1 Notch
depth
60.025
P mm
e (60.00
r 1 in.)
m Finish
is require
ments
si 2 m
b (63
le in.)
v on
a notche
d
ri surfac
at e and
i opposite
o face; 4 m (125 in.) on other
n two
s surfaces
s (a)
Standard
h Full Size
al Specimen
l
b
e
a
s
f
o
ll
o
NOTE
w
s: 2On
subsize
Notch specimens
length
to
, all
edge dimension
90 62 s and
Adjace tolerances
nt of the
sides
shall standard
be at specimen
906 remain
10 min constant
Cross-
sectio
with the
n exception
dimen of the
sions width,
60.075 which
mm
(60.00 varies as
3 in.) shown
Length above and
of for which
speci
men
the
(L) tolerance
+ 0, shall be
2.5 mm 61 %.
(b) Standard Subsize Specimens
22. Sampling and
Number of
Specimens
 22.1 Sampling:
FIG. 11 Charpy
(Simple Beam)
Impact Test
Specimens

19
 A 370 03a
in Fig. surface
12. All than
other 0.020 in.
dimensi (0.5
ons shall mm).
comply 22.2.2.4
with theTolerances
require for
ments of standard
Fig. 11. subsize
specime
NOTE ns are
14For shown
materials
with
in Fig.
toughness 11.
levels in Standard
excess of subsize
about 50 test
ft-lbs, specime
specimens n sizes
containin are:
g the
10 3 7.5
original
OD mm,
surface 10 3
may yield 6.7
values in mm,
excess of 10 3
those
resulting
5
from the mm,
use of 10 3
conventio 3.3
nal mm,
Charpy and
specimens
. 10 3 2.5
mm.
22.2.2.3 22.2.2.5
If a standardNotch the
full-size narrow
specime face of
n cannot the
be standard
prepared subsize
, the specime
largest ns so
feasible that the
standard notch is
subsize perpendi
specime cular to
n shall the 10
be pre- mm
pared. wide
The face.
specime 22.3
ns shall Notch
be Prepara
machine tionTh
d so that e
the machini
specime ng of the
n does notch is
not critical,
include as it has
material been
nearer to demonst
the
 rated purchase
that r,
extremel control
y minor the
variation temperat
s in ure of
notch the
radius heating
and or
prole, cooling
or tool medium
marks at within
the 62F
bottom (1C)
of the because
notch the
may effect of
result in variation
erratic s in
test data. temperat
(See ure on
Annex Charpy
A5). test
results
23. Cali can be
brat very
ion great.
23.1Accurac NOTE
y and 15For
Sensitivi some
tyCali steels
there may
brate not be a
and need for
adjust this
Charpy restricted
impact temperatu
machine re, for
example,
s in austenitic
accorda steels.
nce with NOTE
the 16Becau
require se the
ments of temperatu
Test re of a
testing
Methods laboratory
E 23. often
varies
24. Con from 60 to
diti 90F (15
oni to 32C) a
ng test
conducted
Tem at room
per temperatu
atur re might
e be
Con conducted
trol at any
temperatu
24.1When a re in this
specic range.
test
temperat 25. Pro
ure is ced
required ure
by the 25.1T
specic e
ation or m
p 25.1.1
e Condi
r tion the
a specime
t ns to be
u broken
r by
e holding
: them in
the
medium
at test
temperat
ure for
at least 5
min in
liquid
media
and 30
min in
gaseous
media.
25.1.2
Prior
to each
test,
maintain
the
tongs for
handling
test
specime
ns at the
same
temperat
ure as
the
specime
n so as
not to
affect
the
temperat
ure at
the
notch.
25.2
Positi
oning
and
Break
ing
Speci
mens:
25.2.1
Caref
ully
center
the test
specime
n in the
anvil
and
release
the
pendulu
m to
break d
the i
specime v
n. i
25.2.2 d
If the u
pendulu a
m is not l
released T
within 5 e
s after s
removin t
g the V
specime a
n from l
the u
conditio e
ning s
medium, :
do not 25.4.1
break Impac
the t
specime energy
n. Record
Return the
the impact
specime energy
n to the absorbe
conditio d to the
ning nearest
medium ftlbf
for the (J).
period 25.4.2
required Fractur
in e
25.1.1. Ap
25.3 R pe
ecoverin ar
g an
Specime ce:
nsIn 25.4.2
the .1
event Determi
that ne the
fracture percenta
ap- ge of
pearance shear
or lateral fracture
expansio area by
n must any of
be the
determin followin
ed, g
recover methods
the :
matched (1) M
pieces of easure
each the
broken length
specime and
n before width of
breaking the
the next brittle
specime portion
n. of the
25.4I fracture
n surface,
as magni-
shown cation
in Fig. and
13 and measure
determin the
e the percent
percent shear
shear fracture
area area by
from means
either of a
Table 7 planimet
or Table er.
8 25.4.2
dependi .2
ng on Determi
the units ne the
of individu
measure al
ment. fracture
(2) C appearan
ompare ce val-
the ues to
appeara the
nce of nearest 5
the % shear
fracture fracture
of the and
specime record
n with a the
fracture value.
appeara 25.4.3
nce Later
chart as al
shown Expa
in Fig. nsion:
14. 25.4.3
(3) M .1
agnify Lateral
the expansio
fracture n is the
surface increase
and in
compare specime
it to a n width,
precalibr measure
ated d in
overlay thousan
chart or dths of
measure an inch
the (mils),
percent on the
shear compres
fracture sion
area by side,
means opposite
of a the
planimet notch of
er. the
(4) P fractured
hotograp Charpy
h the V-notch
fracture specime
d n as
surface shown
at a in Fig.
suitable 15.
FIG. 12 Tubular Impact
Specimen Containing
Original OD Surface

20
 A 370 03a

NOTE 1Measure average dimensions A and B to the nearest 0.02 in. or 0.5 mm.
NOTE 2Determine the percent shear fracture using Table 7 or Table 8.
FIG. 13 Determination of Percent Shear Fracture

TABLE 7 Percent Shear for Measurements Made in Inches

NOTE 1Since this table is set up for nite measurements or dimensions A and B, 100% shear is to be reported when either A or B is zero.
Dimen- Dimension A, in.
sion
B, in. 0.05 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.40
0.05 98 96 95 94 94 93 92 91 90 90 89 88 87 86 85 85 84
0.10 96 92 90 89 87 85 84 82 81 79 77 76 74 73 71 69 68
0.12 95 90 88 86 85 83 81 79 77 75 73 71 69 67 65 63 61
0.14 94 89 86 84 82 80 77 75 73 71 68 66 64 62 59 57 55
0.16 94 87 85 82 79 77 74 72 69 67 64 61 59 56 53 51 48
0.18 93 85 83 80 77 74 72 68 65 62 59 56 54 51 48 45 42
0.20 92 84 81 77 74 72 68 65 61 58 55 52 48 45 42 39 36
0.22 91 82 79 75 72 68 65 61 57 54 50 47 43 40 36 33 29
0.24 90 81 77 73 69 65 61 57 54 50 46 42 38 34 30 27 23
0.26 90 79 75 71 67 62 58 54 50 46 41 37 33 29 25 20 16
0.28 89 77 73 68 64 59 55 50 46 41 37 32 28 23 18 14 10
0.30 88 76 71 66 61 56 52 47 42 37 32 27 23 18 13 9 3
0.31 88 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 18 10 5 0

TABLE 8 Percent Shear for Measurements Made in Millimetres

NOTE 1Since this table is set up for nite measurements or dimensions A and B, 100% shear is to be reported when either A or B is zero.
Dimen- Dimension A, mm
sion
B, mm 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10
1.0 99 98 98 97 96 96 95 94 94 93 92 92 91 91 90 89 89 88 88
1.5 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81
2.0 98 96 95 94 92 91 90 89 88 86 85 84 82 81 80 79 77 76 75
2.5 97 95 94 92 91 89 88 86 84 83 81 80 78 77 75 73 72 70 69
3.0 96 94 92 91 89 87 85 83 81 79 77 76 74 72 70 68 66 64 62
3.5 96 93 91 89 87 85 82 80 78 76 74 72 69 67 65 63 61 58 56
4.0 95 92 90 88 85 82 80 77 75 72 70 67 65 62 60 57 55 52 50
4.5 94 92 89 86 83 80 77 75 72 69 66 63 61 58 55 52 49 46 44
5.0 94 91 88 85 81 78 75 72 69 66 62 59 56 53 50 47 44 41 37
5.5 93 90 86 83 79 76 72 69 66 62 59 55 52 48 45 42 38 35 31
6.0 92 89 85 81 77 74 70 66 62 59 55 51 47 44 40 36 33 29 25
6.5 92 88 84 80 76 72 67 63 59 55 51 47 43 39 35 31 27 23 19
7.0 91 87 82 78 74 69 65 61 56 52 47 43 39 34 30 26 21 17 12
7.5 91 86 81 77 72 67 62 58 53 48 44 39 34 30 25 20 16 11 6
8.0 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

25.4.3.4 Measure the amount of expansion on each side of

25.4.3.2 Examine each specimen half to ascertain that the
protrusions have not been damaged by contacting the anvil,
machine mounting surface, and so forth. Discard such samples
since they may cause erroneous readings.
25.4.3.3 Check the sides of the specimens perpendicular to
the notch to ensure that no burrs were formed on the sides
during impact testing. If burrs exist, remove them carefully by
rubbing on emery cloth or similar abrasive surface, making sure
that the protrusions being measured are not rubbed during the
removal of the burr.
each half relative to the plane dened by the undeformed
portion of the side of the specimen using a gage similar to that
shown in Fig. 16 and Fig. 17.
25.4.3.5 Since the fracture path seldom bisects the point of
maximum expansion on both sides of a specimen, the sum of the
larger values measured for each side is the value of the test. Arrange
the halves of one specimen so that compression sides are facing
each other. Using the gage, measure the protrusion on each half
specimen, ensuring that the same side of the

21
 A 370 03a

FIG. 14 Fracture Appearance Charts and Percent Shear Fracture Comparator

FIG. 15 Halves of Broken Charpy V-Notch Impact Specimen Joined for the Measurement of Lateral Expansion, Dimension A

be separated by force applied by bare hands, the

specimen is measured. Measure the two broken halves
indi-vidually. Repeat the procedure to measure the
protrusions on the opposite side of the specimen halves.
The larger of the two values for each side is the
expansion of that side of the specimen.
25.4.3.6 Measure the individual lateral expansion
values to the nearest mil (0.025 mm) and record the
values.
25.4.3.7 With the exception described as follows, any
speci-men that does not separate into two pieces when
struck by a single blow shall be reported as unbroken. If
the specimen can
specimen may be considered as having been separated
by the blow.
26. Interpretation of Test Result
26.1 When the acceptance criterion of any impact test
is specied to be a minimum average value at a given
tempera-ture, the test result shall be the average
(arithmetic mean) of the individual test values of three
specimens from one test loca-tion.
26.1.1 When a minimum average test result is
specied:
22
 A 370 03a

FIG. 16 Lateral Expansion Gage for Charpy Impact Specimens

FIG. 17 Assembly and Details for Lateral Expansion Gage

less than the specied
minimum average, and
26.1.1.1 The test result
is acceptable when all of
the below are met:
(1) The test result
equals or exceeds the
specied minimum
average (given in the
specication),
(2) The individual test
value for not more than
one specimen measures
 26.1.1.1 are not met,
(3) The individual test perform one retest of three
value for any specimen additional specimens from
measures not less than the same test location.
two-thirds of the specied Each individual test value
minimum average. of the retested specimens
26.1.1.2 If the shall be equal to or greater
acceptance requirements of than the specied
minimum average value.

23
 A 370 03a
26.2 a
Test t
Specifyi u
ng a r
Minimu e
m :
26.2.2.1
Transiti
on Break one
Temper specimen
ature: at each of a
26.2.1 Deniti series of
on of tempera-
Transition tures above
Temperatu and below
reFor the
specica- anticipated
tion transition
purposes, temperatur
the e using the
transition procedures
temperatur in Section
e is the 25. Record
temperatur each test
e at which tempera-
the ture to the
designated nearest 1F
material (0.5C).
test value26.2.2.2
equals Plot
or the
exceeds a individual
specied test results
minimum (ftlbf or
test value. percent
26.2.2 shear) as
Dete the
r ordinate
m versus the
i correspond
n ing test
a temperatur
t e as the
abscissa
i
and
o
construct a
n
best-t
curve
o through the
f plotted
T data
r points.
a
26.2.2.3
Ifn transition
s temperatur
i e is
t specied
i as the tem-
o perature at
n which a
test value
T is
e achieved,
m determine
p the
e temperatur
r
 e at which value, but
the plotted not more
curve than 20F
intersects (12C)
the higher than
specied the
test value specied
by value, test
graphical sufficient
interpolati samples in
on accordance
(extrapolat with
ion is not Section 25
permitted) to plot two
. Record additional
this curves.
transition Accept the
temperatur test results
e to the if the
nearest temperature
5F (3C). s
If the determined
tabulated from both
test results
additional
clearly
tests are
indicate a
equal to or
transition
lower than
temperatur
the
e lower
than specied
specied, value.
it is not
necessary
to plot the
data.
Report the
lowest test
temperatur
e for
which test
value
exceeds
the
specied
value.
26.2.2.4
Accept the test
result if
the
determine
d
transition
temperatur
e is equal
to or lower
than the
specied
value.
26.2.2.5
If the
determined
transition
temperatur
e is higher
than the
specied
 26.3 W material
hen tested
subsize (that is,
specime specic
ns are a-tion
permitte number,
d or grade,
necessar class or
y, or type,
size,
both,
heat
modify
number).
the
27.1.2
specie Specime
d test n
requirem orientati
ent on with
accordin respect
g to to the
Table material
9 or test axis.
temperat 27.1.3
ure Speci
accordin men
g to size.
ASME 27.1.4
Boiler Test
and temperat
Pressure ure and
Vessel individu
Code, al test
Table value for
UG- each
84.2, or specime
both. n
Greater broken,
energies includin
or lower g initial
test tests and
temperat retests.
ures 27.1.5
may be Test
agreed results
upon by .
purchas 27.1.6
er and Transitio
supplier. n
temperat
27. Rec ure and
ord criterion
s for its
27.1 T determi-
he test nation,
record includin
should g initial
contain tests and
the retests.
followin
28. Rep
g
ort
informa-
tion as 28.1 T
appropri he
ate: specic
27.1.1 ation
Full should
descripti designat
on of e the
informat
ion to be nce
reported Transitio
. n
Tempera
29. Ke ture);
yw hardness
ord test;
s portable
29.1 b hardness
end test; ;
Brinell reductio
hardness n of
; Charpy area;
impact Rockwel
test; l
elon- hardness
gation; ; tensile
FATT strength;
(Fractur tension
e test;
Appeara yield
strength

TA
BL
E9
Ch
ar
py
V-
No
tch
Te
st
Ac
ce
pta
nc
e
Cri
ter
ia
for
Va
rio
us
Su
b-
Siz
e
Sp
eci
me
ns
3 2 1
Full Size, 10 by 10 mm 4 Size, 10 by 7.5 mm 3 Size, 10 by 6.7 mm 2 Size, 10 by 5 mm
ftlbf [J] ftlbf [J] ftlbf [J] ftlbf [J]
40 [54] 30 [41] 27 [37] 20 [27]
35 [48] 26 [35] 23 [31] 18 [24]
30 [41] 22 [30] 20 [27] 15 [20]
25 [34] 19 [26] 17 [23] 12 [16]
20 [27] 15 [20] 13 [18] 10 [14]
16 [22] 12 [16] 11 [15] 8 [11]
15 [20] 11 [15] 10 [14] 8 [11]
13 [18] 10 [14] 9 [12] 6 [8]
12 [16] 9 [12] 8 [11] 6 [8]
10 [14] 8 [11] 7 [10] 5 [7]
7 [10] 5 [7] 5 [7] 4 [5]
24
 A 370 03a

ANNEXES

(Mandatory Information)

A1. STEEL BAR PRODUCTS

of agreement
between the
A1.1 Scope
manufacturer
A1.1.1 and the
This purchaser.
supplement
delineates A1.3
only those Tension Test
details which A1.3.1
are peculiar Carbon Steel
to hot-rolled
BarsCarbon
and cold-
steel bars are
nished
steel bars not com-
and are not monly
covered in specied to
the general tensile
section of requirements
these test in the as-
methods. rolled condi-
tion for sizes
A1.2 of rounds,
Orientation squares,
of Test hexagons,
Specimens
and octagons
A1.2.1 under 12 in.
Carbon and (13 mm) in
alloy steel diameter or
bars and bar-
distance
size shapes,
between
due to their
parallel faces
relatively
small cross-
sectional
dimensions,
are cus-
tomarily
tested in the
longitudinal
direction. In
special cases
where size
permits and
the
fabrication
or service of
a part
justies
testing in a
transverse
direction, the
selection and
location of
test or tests
are a matter
nor for other A1.4 Bend
bar-size Test
sections,
other than A1.4.1
ats, less When bend
than 1 in.2 tests are
(645 mm2) specied,
in cross- the
sectional
area. recommende
A1.3.2 d practice for
Alloy Steel hot-rolled
BarsAlloy and cold-
steel bars are nished
usually not steel bars
tested in the
as-rolled shall be in
condition. accordance
A1.3.3 with Table
When A1.2.
tension tests
are A1.5
specied, Hardness
the practice Test
for selecting A1.5.1
test Hardness
specimens Tests on Bar
for hot- Productsa
rolled and ts, rounds,
cold- squares,
nished hexagons
steel bars of and
various sizes octagonsis
shall be in conducted on
accordance the surface
with Table after a
A1.1, unless minimum
otherwise removal of
specied in 0.015 in. to
the product provide for
specication accurate
. hardness
penetration.
25
 A 370 03a
TABLE A1.1 Practices for Selecting Tension Test Specimens for Steel Bar Products

NOTE 1For bar sections where it is difficult to determine the cross-sectional area by simple measurement, the area in square inches may be calculated
by dividing the weight per linear inch of specimen in pounds by 0.2833 (weight of 1 in. 3 of steel) or by dividing the weight per linear foot of specimen
by 3.4 (weight of steel 1 in. square and 1 ft long).
Thickness, in. (mm) Width, in. (mm) Hot-Rolled Bars Cold-Finished Bars
Flats
Mill reduced section to 2-in. (51-mm) gage
Under 58 (16) Up to 112 (38), incl Full section by 8-in. (203-mm) gage length and approximately 25% less than test
length (Fig. 4). specimen width.
Mill reduced section to 2-in. gage length
Over 112 (38) Full section, or mill to 112 in. (38 mm)
wide by 8-in. (203-mm) gage length (Fig. and 112 in. wide.
4).
5 Mill reduced section to 2-in. (51-mm) gage
8 to 112 (16 to 38), Up to 112 (38), incl Full section by 8-in. gage length or ma- length and approximately 25% less than test
excl chine standard 12 by 2-in. (13 by 51-mm) specimen width or machine standard 12 by 2-
gage length specimen from center of sec-
in. (13 by 51-mm) gage length specimen from
tion (Fig. 5). center of section (Fig. 5). Mill reduced section
to 2-in. gage length and 112 in. wide or
Over 112 (38) Full section, or mill 112 in. (38 mm) width
machine standard 12 by 2-in. gage length
by 8-in. (203-mm) gage length (Fig. 4) or
specimen from mid-way between edge and
machine standard 12 by 2-in. gage (13 by
center of section (Fig. 5).
51-mm) gage length specimen from mid-
way between edge and center of section
(Fig. 5). Machine standard 12 by 2-in. (13 by 51-
1 mm) gage length specimen from midway
1 2 (38) and over Full section by 8-in. (203-mm) gage between surface and center (Fig. 5).
length, or machine standard 12 by 2-in.
(13 by 51-mm) gage length specimen
from midway between surface and center
(Fig. 5).

Rounds, Squares, Hexagons, and Octagons

Diameter or Distance
Between Parallel Hot-Rolled Bars Cold-Finished Bars
Faces, in. (mm)
Under 58 Full section by 8-in. (203-mm) gage length on ma- Machine to sub-size specimen (Fig. 5).
chine to subsize specimen (Fig. 5).
5
8 to 112 (16 to 38), excl Full section by 8-in. (203-mm) gage length or ma- Machine standard 12 in. by 2-in. gage length specimen from
chine standard 12 in. by 2-in. (13 by 51-mm) gage center of section (Fig. 5).
length specimen from center of section (Fig. 5).
112 (38) and over Full section by 8-in. (203-mm) gage length or ma- Machine standard 12 in. by 2-in. (13 by 51-mm gage length
chine standard 12 in. by 2-in. (13 by 51-mm) gage specimen from midway between surface and center of sec-
length specimen from midway between surface and tion (Fig. 5)).
center of section (Fig. 5).
Other Bar-Size Sections
All sizes Full section by 8-in. (203-mm) gage length or pre- Mill reduced section to 2-in. (51-mm) gage length and ap-
pare test specimen 112 in. (38 mm) wide (if possible) proximately 25% less than test specimen width.
by 8-in. (203-mm) gage length.

26
 A 370 03a
TABLE A1.2 Recommended Practice for Selecting Bend Test Specimens for Steel Bar Products
NOTE 1The length of all specimens is to be not less than 6 in. (150 mm).
1
NOTE 2The edges of the specimen may be rounded to a radius not exceeding 16 in. (1.6 mm).
Flats
Thickness, in. Width, in.
Recommended Size
(mm) (mm)
Up to 12 (13), incl. Up to 34 (19), Full section.
incl Full section or machine to not less than
Over 34 (19) 3
4 in. (19 mm) in width by thickness of
specimen.
Over 12 (13) All Full section or machine to 1 by 12 in. (25
by 13 mm) specimen from midway be-
tween center and surface.
Rounds, Squares, Hexagons, and Octagons
Diameter or Distance
Between Parallel Recommended Size
Faces, in. (mm)
Up to 112 (38), incl. Full section.
Over 112 (38) Machine to 1 by 12-in. (25 by 13-mm) specimen
from midway between center and surface.

A2. STEEL TUBULAR PRODUCTS

A2.1 Scope
A2.1.1 This supplement covers test specimens and test
methods that are applicable to tubular products and are not
covered in the general section of Test Methods and Denitions
A370.
A2.1.2 Tubular shapes covered by this specication include,
round, square, rectangular, and special shapes.
A2.2 Tension Test
A2.2.1 Full-Size Longitudinal Test Specimens:
A2.2.1.1 As an alternative to the use of longitudinal strip test
specimens or longitudinal round test specimens, tension test
specimens of full-size tubular sections are used, provided that the
testing equipment has sufficient capacity. Snug-tting metal
plugs should be inserted far enough in the end of such tubular
specimens to permit the testing machine jaws to grip the
specimens properly without crushing. A design that may be used
for such plugs is shown in Fig. A2.1. The plugs shall not
extend into that part of the specimen on which the elongation
is measured (Fig. A2.1). Care should be exercised to see that
insofar as practicable, the load in such cases is applied axially.
The length of the full-section specimen depends on the gage
length prescribed for measuring the elongation.
A2.2.1.2 Unless otherwise required by the product speci-
cation, the gage length is 2 in. or 50 mm, except that for
tubing having an outside diameter of 38 in. (9.5 mm) or less, it
is customary for a gage length equal to four times the outside
diameter to be used when elongation comparable to that
obtainable with larger test specimens is required.
A2.2.1.3 To determine the cross-sectional area of the full-
section specimen, measurements shall be recorded as the
average or mean between the greatest and least measurements
of the outside diameter and the average or mean wall
thickness, to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) and the cross-
sectional area is determined by the following equation:

ens, Proper Location of Plugs in Specimen and of Specimen in Heads of Testing Machine

27
 A 370 03a
shown
in Fig.
where: A2.2
A = sectional
and area, in.
D = outside diameter, in., and
machine
t = thickness
d to ofthetube wall, in.
NOTE dimensi
A2.1Th ons
ere exist shown
other in Fig.
methods A2.3 are
of cross- used.
sectional
area
For
deter- welded
mination, structura
such as by l tubing,
weighing such test
of the specime
specimens ns shall
, which
are
be from
equally a
accurate location
or at least
appropriat 90 from
e for the the
purpose.
weld;
A2.2. for other
2 welded
Longi tubular
tudina products
l Strip , such
Test test
Speci specime
mens: ns shall
A2.2. be from
2.1 As a
an location
alternati approxi
ve to the mately
use of 90 from
full-size the
longitud weld.
i-nal test Unless
specime otherwis
ns or e
longitud required
inal by the
round product
test specic
specime ation,
ns, the gage
longitud length is
inal strip 2 in. or
test 50 mm.
specime The test
ns, specime
obtained ns shall
from be tested
strips using
cut from grips
the that are
tubular at or
product have a
as surface
contour specimens
correspo of the
type
nding to
shown in
the Fig. A2.3
curvatur taken
e of the from a
tubular circular
product, tube is
or the given in
Test
ends of
Methods
the test E 8 or E
specime 8M.
ns shall
be A2.2.
attened 2.2 The
without width
heating should
prior to be
the test measure
specime d at each
ns being end of
tested the gage
using length to
at determin
grips. e
The test paralleli
specime sm and
n shown also at
as the
specime center.
n no. 4 The
in Fig. 3 thicknes
shall be s should
used, be
unless measure
the d at the
capacity center
of the and used
testing with the
equipme center
nt or the measure
dimensi ment of
ons and the
nature of width to
the determin
tubular e the
product cross-
to be sectional
tested area.
makes The
the use center
of width
specime dimensi
n nos. 1, on
2, or 3 should
necessar be
y. recorded
to the
NOTE nearest
A2.2An 0.005 in.
exact (0.127
formula
mm),
for
calculatin and the
g the thicknes
cross- s
sectional measure
area of
ment to specime
the ns may
nearest be taken
0.001 in. from
A2.2. rings cut
3 from
Trans ends of
verse tubes or
Strip pipe as
Test shown
Speci in Fig.
mens: A2.4.
A2.2. Flattenin
3.1 In g of the
general, specime
transver n may
se be done
tension either
tests are after
not separatin
recom- g it from
mended the tube
for as in
tubular Fig.
products A2.4
, in sizes (a), or
smaller before
than 8 separatin
in. in g it as in
nominal Fig.
diameter A2.4
. When (b), and
required, may be
transver done hot
se or cold;
tension but if the
test attenin
g is
done
cold, the
specime
n may
subsequ
ently be
normaliz
ed.
Specime
ns from
tubes or
pipe for
which
heat
treatmen
t is
specie
d, after
being
attened
either
hot or
cold,
shall be
given
the same
treatmen
t as the
tubes or A2.2.
pipe. 3.2 The
For width
tubes or should
pipe be
having a measure
wall d at each
thicknes end of
s of less the gage
than 34 length to
in. (19 determin
mm), e
the paralleli
transver sm and
se test also at
specime the
n shall center.
be of the The
form thicknes
and s should
dimensi be
ons measure
shown d at the
in Fig. center
A2.5 and used
and with the
either or center
both measure
surfaces ment of
may be the
machine width to
d to determin
secure e the
uniform cross-
thicknes sectional
s. area.
Specime The
ns for center
transver width
se dimensi
tension on
tests on should
welded be
steel recorded
tubes or to the
pipe to nearest
determin 0.005 in.
e (0.127
strength mm),
of and the
welds, thicknes
shall be s
located measure
perpendi ment to
cular to the
the nearest
welded 0.001 in.
seams (0.025
with the mm).
weld at A2.2.
about 4
the Roun
middle d Test
of their Speci
length. mens:
 A2.2. small-
4.1 size
When specime
provided ns may
for in be used.
the In any
product such
specic small-
ation, size
the specime
round n, it is
test
importan
specime
t that the
n shown
in Fig. 4 gage
may be length
used. for
measure
A2.2.
ment of
4.2 The
diameter elongati
of the on be
round four
test times
specime the
n is diameter
mea- of the
sured at specime
the n (see
center of Note 4,
the Fig. 4).
specime The
n to the elongati
nearest on
0.001 in. requirem
(0.025 ents for
mm). the
A2.2. round
4.3 specime
Small- n 2-in.
size gage
specime length in
ns the
proporti product
onal to specic
standard a-tion
, as shall
shown apply to
in Fig. the
4, may small-
be used size
when it specime
is ns.
necessar A2.2.
y to test 4.4 For
material transver
from se
which specime
the ns, the
standard section
specime from
n cannot which
be the
prepared specime
. Other n is
sizes of taken
shall not
be e
attened deforme
or d.
otherwis

NOTE 1The edges of

the blank for the
specimen shall be cut
parallel to each other.
FIG. A2.2 Location
of
Longi
tudin
al
Tensi
onT
est
Speci
mens
in
Ring
s Cut
from
Tubul
ar
Prod
ucts

28
 A 370 03a

DIMENSIONS
Dimensions, in.
Specimen No.
A B C D
1 11
1 2 6 0.015 16 approximately 2 6 0.005 214 min
3
2 4 6 0.031 1 approximately 2 6 0.005 214 min
4 6 0.005 412 min
3 16 0.062 112 approximately 2 6 0.005 214 min
4 6 0.005 412 min
4 11 2 6 1 8 2 approximately 2 6 0.010 214 min
4 6 0.015 412 min
8 6 0.020 9 min

NOTE 1Cross-sectional area may be calculated by multiplying A and t.

NOTE 2The dimension t is the thickness of the test specimen as provided for in the applicable material specications.
NOTE 3The reduced section shall be parallel within 0.010 in. and may have a gradual taper in width from the ends toward the center, with the ends
not more than 0.010 in. wider than the center.
NOTE 4The ends of the specimen shall be symmetrical with the center line of the reduced section within 0.10 in.
NOTE 5Metric equivalent: 1 in. = 25.4 mm.
NOTE 6Specimens with sides parallel throughout their length are permitted, except for referee testing, provided: (a) the above tolerances are used;
(b) an adequate number of marks are provided for determination of elongation; and ( c) when yield strength is determined, a suitable extensometer is
used. If the fracture occurs at a distance of less than 2A from the edge of the gripping device, the tensile properties determined may not be representative
of the material. If the properties meet the minimum requirements specied, no further testing is required, but if they are less than the minimum
requirements, discard the test and retest.
FIG. A2.3 Dimensions and Tolerances for Longitudinal Strip Tension Test Specimens for Tubular Products

FIG. A2.4 Location of Transverse Tension Test Specimens in

Ring Cut from Tubular Products.

A2.2.4.5 Longitudinal test specimens are obtained from

strips cut from the tubular product as shown in Fig. A2.2.

A2.3 Determination of Transverse Yield Strength,

Hydraulic Ring-Expansion Method
A2.3.1 Hardness tests are made on the outside surface,
inside surface, or wall cross-section depending upon product-
specication limitation. Surface preparation may be necessary
to obtain accurate hardness values.
A2.3.2 A testing machine and method for determining the
transverse yield strength from an annular ring specimen, have
been developed and described in A2.3.3-8.1.2.
A2.3.3 A diagrammatic vertical cross-sectional sketch of the
testing machine is shown in Fig. A2.6.
A2.3.4 In determining the transverse yield strength on this
machine, a short ring (commonly 3 in. (76 mm) in length) test
specimen is used. After the large circular nut is removed from the
machine, the wall thickness of the ring specimen is determined
and the specimen is telescoped over the oil resistant rubber
gasket. The nut is then replaced, but is not turned down
NOTE 1The dimension t is the thickness of the test specimen as
provided for in the applicable material specications.
NOTE 2The reduced section shall be parallel within 0.010 in. and may
have a gradual taper in width from the ends toward the center, with the
ends not more than 0.010 in. wider than the center.
NOTE 3The ends of the specimen shall be symmetrical with the center
line of the reduced section within 0.10 in.
NOTE 4Metric equivalent: 1 in. = 25.4 mm.
FIG. A2.5 Transverse Tension Test Specimen Machined from Ring
Cut from Tubular Products
tight against the specimen. A slight clearance is left between
the nut and specimen for the purpose of permitting free radial

29
 A 370 03a
removed
through
the
bleeder
line. As
the oil
pressure
FIG. A2.6 Testing is
Machin increased
e for , the
Determi rubber
nation
of
gasket
Transve expands
rse which in
Yield turn
Strengt stresses
h from
Annular the
Ring specimen
Specim circumfe
ens rentially.
As the
pressure
moveme builds
nt of the up, the
specimen lips of
as it is the
being rubber
tested. gasket
Oil act as a
under seal to
pressure prevent
is then oil
admitted leakage.
to the With
interior continue
of the d
rubber increase
gasket in
through pressure,
the the ring
pressure specimen
line is
under the subjected
control to a
of a tension
suitable stress
valve. and
An elongates
accuratel accordin
y gly. The
calibrate entire
d outside
pressure circumfe
gage rence of
serves to the ring
measure specimen
oil is
pressure. consider
Any air ed as the
in the gage
system is length
and the condition
strain is as the
measure tubular
d with a section
suitable from
extenso which it
meter is cut.
which Further,
will be the test
describe closely
d later. simulates
When service
the condition
desired s in pipe
total lines.
strain or One
extensio testing
n under machine
load is unit may
reached be used
on the for
extenso several
meter, different
the oil sizes of
pressure pipe by
in the use
pounds of
per suitable
square rubber
inch is gaskets
read and and
by adapters.
employin
g NOTE A2.3Barlow's formula may be stated two ways:
Barlow's ~1! P 5 2St/D (A2.2)
formula, ~2! S 5 PD/2t (A2.3)
the unit
yield where:
strength P =
is
calculate internal
d. The hydrost
atic
yield pressur
strength, e, psi,
thus S=
determin u
ed, is a n
true i
result t
since the c
i
test
r
specimen c
has not u
been m
cold f
worked e
by r
attening e
and n
t
closely
i
approxi a
mates l
the same s
t r
r e
e ,
s p
s s
i i
n ,
t
t
h =
e
t
w h
a i
c
l k
l n
o e
f s
t s
h
e o
f
t
u t
b h
e e

t
p u
r b
o e
d
u w
c a
e l
d l
,
b
y i
n
.
t ,
h
e a
n
i d
n
t D
e
r =
n
a o
l u
h t
s
y i
d d
r e
o
s d
t i
a a
t m
i e
c t
e
r
p
r o
e f
s
s t
u h
e threaded
stud.
t When
u the
b
e extenso
, meter is
clamped
i , as
n shown
.
in Fig.
A2.3. A2.8,
5 A the
roller desired
chain tension
type which is
extenso necessar
meter y to hold
which the
has been instrume
found nt in
satisfact place
ory for and to
measuri remove
ng the any
elongati slack, is
on of the exerted
ring on the
specime roller
n is chain by
shown the
in Fig. spring.
A2.7 Tension
and Fig. on the
A2.8. spring
Fig. may be
A2.7 regulate
shows d as
the desired
extenso by the
meter in knurled
position, thumb
but screw.
unclamp By
ed, on a removin
ring g or
speci- adding
men. A rollers,
small the
pin, roller
through chain
which may be
the adapted
strain is for
transmitt different
ed to sizes of
and tubular
measure sections.
d by the
dial
gage,
extends
through
the
hollow
 A2.4.
2 The
standard
3000-
kgf
Brinell
load
may
cause
too
much
deformat
ion in a
thin-
walled
tubular
specime
n. In this
case the
500-kgf
load
shall be
applied,
or inside
stiffenin
g by
means
FIG
. of an
A2. internal
7 anvil
Rol should
ler
Ch
be used.
ain Brinell
Typ testing
e shall not
Ext be
ens
om
applicab
ete le to
r, tubular
Un products
cla less than
mp
ed 2 in. (51
mm) in
outside
diameter
A2.4
, or less
Hardne
than
ss Tests
0.200 in.
A2.4. (5.1
1 mm) in
Hardnes wall
s tests thicknes
are s.
made A2.4.
either on 3 The
the Rockwel
outside
l
or the
hardness
inside
tests are
surfaces
normall
on the
end of y made
the tube on the
as inside
appropri surface,
ate. a at on
the
outside (1.24
surface, mm)
or on the thick.
wall For
cross- tubes
section with
dependi wall
ng upon thicknes
the ses less
product than
limitatio those
n. permitti
Rockwel ng the
l regular
hardness Rockwel
tests are l
not hardness
perform test, the
ed on Su-
tubes percial
smaller Rockwel
than 516 l test is
in. (7.9 sometim
mm) in es
outside substitut
diameter ed.
, nor are Transver
they se
perform Rockwel
ed on l
the hardness
inside readings
surface can be
of tubes made on
with less tubes
than 14 with a
in. (6.4 wall
mm) thicknes
inside s of
diameter 0.187 in.
. (4.75
Rockwel mm) or
l greater.
hardness The
tests are curvatur
not e and the
perform wall
ed on thicknes
an- s of the
nealed specime
tubes n
with impose
walls limitatio
less than ns on
0.065 in. the
(1.65 Rockwel
mm) l
thick or hardness
cold test.
worked When a
or heat compari
treated son is
tubes made
with between
walls Rockwel
less than l
0.049 in. determin
ations adjustm
made on ent of
the the
outside readings
surface will be
and required
determin to
ations compens
made on ate for
the the
inside effect of
surface,

30
 A 370 03a
The
Rockwel
l C scale
is used
on
material
having
an
expected
hardness
range of
C20 to
C68.
A2.4.
4
Superc
ial
Rockwel
l
hardness
tests are
normall
y
perform
ed on
the
outside
surface
FI
wheneve
G. r
A possible
2. and
8 wheneve
R r
oll
er
excessiv
C e spring
ha back is
in not
Ty encounte
pe red.
Ex
te
Otherwi
ns se, the
o tests
m may be
et perform
er, ed on
Cl
a the
m inside.
pe Superc
d ial
Rockwel
l
curvatur hardness
e. The tests
Rockwel shall not
l B scale be
is used perform
on all ed on
material tubes
s having with an
an inside
expected diameter
hardness of less
range of than 14
B0 to in. (6.4
B100. mm).
The wall A2.5.1
thicknes .1
s Flattenin
limitatio g
ns for TestTh
the e
Superc attening
ial test as
Rockwel commonl
l
y made
hardness
on
test are
given in specimen
Table s cut
A2.1 from
and tubular
Table products
A2.2. is
A2.4. conducte
5 When d by
the subjectin
outside g rings
diameter from the
, inside tube or
diameter pipe to a
, or wall prescribe
thicknes d degree
s of
preclude attening
s the between
obtainin parallel
g of plates
accurate (Fig.
hardness
A2.4).
values,
The
tubular
products severity
shall be of the
specie attening
d to test is
tensile measure
properti d by the
es and distance
so between
tested. the
parallel
A2.5 plates
Manipu and is
lating varied
Tests accordin
A2.5. g to the
1 The dimensio
followin ns of the
g tests tube or
are pipe. The
made to attening
prove test
ductility specimen
of should
certain not be
tubular less than
products
: 212 in.
(63.5
mm) in
length
and
should The
be sample
attened is then
cold to opened
the and
extent attened
required with the
by the weld at
applicabl the point
e of
material maximu
specica m bend
tions. (Fig.
A2.5. A2.9).
1.2 A2.5.
Reverse 1.3
Flatteni Crush
ng TestTh
TestTh e crush
e reverse test,
attenin sometim
g test is es
designed referred
primaril to as an
y for upsettin
applicati g test, is
on to usually
made on
electric-
boiler
welded
and
tubing other
for the pressure
detectio tubes,
n of lack for
of evaluati
penetrati ng
on or ductility
overlaps (Fig.
resulting A2.10).
from The
ash specime
removal n is a
in the ring cut
weld. from the
The tube,
specime usually
n about
consists 212 in.
of a (63.5
length of mm)
tubing long. It
approxi is placed
mately 4 on end
and
in. (102
crushed
mm)
endwise
long by
which is hammer
split or press
longitud to the
inally distance
90 on prescrib
each ed by
side of the
the applicab
weld. le
material are
specic recomm
ations. ended
A2.5. for use
1.4 in
Flange making
TestTh this test.
e ange A2.5.
test is 1.5
intended Flaring
to deter- TestFo
mine the r certain
ductility types of
of boiler pressure
tubes tubes, an
and their alternate
ability to to the
withstan ange
d the test is
operatio made.
n of This test
bending consists
into a of
tube driving a
sheet. tapered
The test mandrel
is made having a
on a ring slope of
cut from 1 in 10
a tube, as
usually shown
not less in Fig.
than 4 A2.12
in. (100 (a) or a
mm) 60
long and included
consists angle as
of shown
having a in Fig.
ange A2.12
turned (b) into
over at a section
right cut from
angles to the tube,
the body approxi
of the mately 4
tube to in. (100
the mm) in
width length,
required and thus
by the expandi
applicab ng the
le specime
material n until
specic the
ations. inside
The diameter
aring has been
tool and increase
die d to the
block extent
shown required
in Fig. by the
A2.11 applicab
 le through
material 90
specic around a
ations. cylindric
A2.5. al
1.6 mandrel
Bend having a
TestFo diameter
r pipe 12 times
used for the
coiling nominal
in sizes diameter
2 in. and of the
under a pipe.
bend test For
is made close
to coiling,
determin the pipe
e its is bent
ductility cold
and the through
soundne 180
ss of around a
weld. In mandrel
this test having a
a diameter
sufficien 8 times
t length the
of full- nominal
size pipe diameter
is bent of the
cold pipe.

TABLE A2.1 Wall Thickness

L
i
m
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
s

o
f

S
u
p
e
r

c
i
a
l

H
a
r
d
n
e
s
s

T
 e
s
t

o
n

A
n
n
e
a
l
e
d

o
r

D
u
c
t
i
l
e

M
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s

f
o
r

S
t
e
e
l

T
u
b
u
l
a
r

P
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
A

(T Scale 1(16-in. Ball))

Wall Thickness, in. (mm)
Over 0.050 (1.27)
Over 0.035 (0.89)
0.020 and over (0.51)
A
The heaviest load
recommended for a given
wall thickness is generally
used.

31
 A 370 03a
TABLE A2.2 Wall Thickness Limitations of Supercial Hardness Test on Cold Worked or Heat Treated Material
for Steel Tubular ProductsA
(N Scale (Diamond Penetrator))
Wall Thickness, in. (mm) Load, kgf
Over 0.035 (0.89) 45
Over 0.025 (0.51) 30
0.015 and over (0.38) 15
A
The heaviest load recommended for a given wall thickness is generally used.

FIG. A2.9 Reverse Flattening Test

A2.5.1.7 Transverse Guided Bend Test of WeldsThis bend

test is used to determine the ductility of fusion welds. The
specimens used are approximately 112 in. (38 mm) wide, at
least 6 in. (152 mm) in length with the weld at the center, and
are machined in accordance with Fig. A2.13 for face and root
bend tests and in accordance with Fig. A2.14 for side bend
tests. The dimensions of the plunger shall be as shown in Fig.
A2.15 and the other dimensions of the bending jig shall be
substantially as given in this same gure. A test shall consist
of a face bend specimen and a root bend specimen or two side
bend specimens. A face bend test requires bending with the
inside surface of the pipe against the plunger; a root bend test
FIG. A2.10 Crush Test Specimen
requires bending with the outside surface of the pipe against
the plunger; and a side bend test requires bending so that one
of the side surfaces becomes the convex surface of the bend
specimen.
(a) Failure of the bend test depends upon the appearance of
cracks in the area of the bend, of the nature and extent
described in the product specications.

32
 A 370 03a

NOTE 1Metric equivalent: 1 in. = 25.4 mm.

FIG. A2.11 Flaring Tool and Die Block for Flange Test

FIG. A2.12 Tapered Mandrels for Flaring Test

NOTE 1Metric equivalent: 1 in. = 25.4 mm.

Pipe Wall Thickness (t), in. Test Specimen Thickness, in.
Up to 38 , incl t
Over 38 3
8

FIG. A2.13 Transverse Face- and Root-Bend Test Specimens

33
 A 370 03a

NOTE 1Metric equivalent: 1 in. = 25.4 mm.

FIG. A2.14 Side-Bend Specimen for Ferrous Materials

NOTE 1Metric equivalent: 1 in. = 25.4 mm.

Test Specimen Thickness, in. A B C D
3
8 112 3
4 238 1316
t 4t 2t 6t + 18 3t + 116
Material
3
8 212 114 338 11116 Materials with a specied minimum tensile strength of 95 ksi or
t 623 t 313 t 823 t + 18 412 t + 116 greater.
FIG. A2.15 Guided-Bend Test Jig

A3. STEEL FASTENERS

dard tests required by the individual product specications are
to be performed as outlined in the general section of these
A3.1 Scope methods.
A3.1.1 This supplement covers denitions and methods of
testing peculiar to steel fasteners which are not covered in the
general section of Test Methods and Denitions A 370. Stan-
34
 A 370 03a
A3.1.2 the bolt
These nominal
tests are diameter
set up to has been
facilitate establish
producti ed as the
on
minimu
m bolt
control
length
testing
subject
and
to the
acceptan
tests
ce
describe
testing
d in the
with remaind
certain er of this
more section.
precise Sections
tests to A3.2.1.1
be used -
for A3.2.1.3
arbitratio apply
n in case when
of testing
disagree bolts full
ment size.
over test Section
results. A3.2.1.4
shall
A3.2 apply
Tension where
Tests the
A3.2. individu
1 It is al
preferre product
d that specic
bolts be ations
tested permit
full size, the use
and it is of
customa machine
ry, when d
so specime
testing ns.
bolts to A3.2.1
specify a .1 Proof
minimu Load
m Due to
ultimate particula
load in r uses of
pounds, certain
rather classes
than a of bolts
minimu it is
m desirable
ultimate to be
strength able to
in stress
pounds them,
per while in
square use, to a
inch. specied
Three value
times
without Proof
obtaining Load
any Testing
permane Long
nt set. To Bolts
be When
certain full size
of tests are
obtaining required,
this proof
quality load
the proof Method
load is
1 is to
be
specied
limited
. The
in
proof applicati
load test on to
consists bolts
of whose
stressing length
the bolt does not
with a exceed 8
specied in. (203
load mm) or
which 8 times
the bolt the
must nominal
withstan diameter
d ,
without whichev
perma- er is
nent set. greater.
An For bolts
alternate longer
test than 8
which in. or 8
determin times
the
es yield
nominal
strength
diameter
of a full
,
size bolt whichev
is also er is
allowed. greater,
Either of proof
the load
followin Method
g 2 shall
Methods, be used.
1 or 2, (a)
may be Method
used but 1,
Method Length
1 shall Measure
be the mentTh
arbitratio e overall
n method length of
in case a straight
of any bolt shall
dispute be
as to measure
acceptan d at its
ce of the true
bolts. center
A3.2. line with
1.2 an
instrume The head
nt or body
capable of the
of bolt shall
measurin be
g marked
changes so that it
in length can be
of placed in
0.0001 the same
in. position
(0.0025 for all
mm) measure
with an ments.
accuracy The bolt
of shall be
0.0001 assemble
in. in any d in the
0.001-in. testing
(0.025- equipme
mm) nt as
range. outlined
The in
preferred A3.2.1.4,
method and the
of proof
measurin load
g the specied
length in the
shall be product
between specica
conical tion shall
centers be
machine applied.
d on the Upon
center release
line of of this
the bolt, load the
with length of
mating the bolt
centers shall be
on the again
measurin measure
g anvils. d and
shall
show no
permane
nt
elongatio
n. A
tolerance
of
60.0005
in.
(0.0127
mm)
shall be
allowed
between
the
measure
ment
made
before
loading
and that The
made proof
after load is
loading. to be
Variables maintain
, such as ed for a
straightn period
ess and of 10 s
thread before
align- release
ment of load,
(plus when
measure
using
Method
ment
1.
error),
(a)
may
Method
result in
2, Yield
apparent
Strength
elon-
The
gation of bolt
the shall be
fasteners assembl
when the ed in the
proof testing
load is equipme
initially nt as
applied. outlined
In such in
cases, A3.2.1.4
the . As the
fastener load is
may be applied,
retested the total
using a 3 elongati
percent on of the
greater bolt or
load, and any part
may be of the
consider bolt
ed which
satisfacto includes
ry if the the
length exposed
after this six
loading threads
is the shall be
same as measure
before d and
this recorded
loading to
(within produce
the a load-
0.0005- strain or
in. a stress-
tolerance strain
for diagram.
measure The load
ment
or stress
at an
error).
offset
A3.2.
equal to
1.3
0.2
Proof
percent
Load-
of the
Time of
Loading length of
bolt which
occupie shall
d by 6 have
full sufficien
threads t thread
shall be engagem
determin ent to
ed by develop
the the full
method strength
describe of the
d in bolt. The
13.2.1 of nut or
these xture
methods shall be
, A 370. assembl
This ed on
load or the bolt
stress leaving
shall not six
be less complet
than that e bolt
prescrib threads
ed in the unengag
product ed
specic between
ation. the
A3.2. grips,
1.4 except
Axial for
Tension heavy
Testing hexagon
of Full structura
Size l bolts
BoltsB which
olts are shall
to be have
tested in four
a holder complet
with the e threads
load unengag
axially ed
applied between
between the
the head grips. To
and a meet the
nut or requirem
suitable ents of
xture this test
(Fig. there
A3.1), shall be
either of a
FIG. A3.1 Tension
Testing Full-Size Bolt

35
 A 370 03a
tensile of this
failure test is to
in the obtain
body or the
threaded tensile
section strength
with no and
failure at demonstr
the ate the
junction head
of the quality
body, and
and ductility
head. If of a bolt
it is with a
necessar standard
y to head by
record subjectin
or report g it to
the eccentric
tensile loading.
strength
The
of bolts
ultimate
as psi
load on
values
the the bolt
stress shall be
area determin
shall be ed as
calculate describe
d from d in
the A3.2.1.4,
mean of except
the that a
mean 10
root and wedge
pitch shall be
diameter placed
s of under the
Class 3 same
external bolt
threads previousl
as y tested
follows: for the
proof
load (see
where: A3.2.1.1
As = stress).area,Thein.
D = nominal diameter,
bolt head in., and
n = number of threads per inch.
shall be
A3.2. so placed
1.5 that no
Tensio
corner of
n
the
Testin
hexagon
g of
or square
Full-
takes a
Size
Bolts bearing
with a load, that
Wedg is, a at
e of the
The head
purpose shall be
aligned (Fig.
with the A3.2).
direction The
of wedge
uniform shall
thickness have an
of the included
wedge angle of
10
between
its faces
and shall
have a
thicknes
s of one-
half of
the
nominal
bolt
diameter
at the
short
side of
the hole.
The hole
in the
wedge
shall
have the
followin
g
clearanc
e over
the
nominal
size of
the bolt,
and its
edges,
top and
bottom,
shall be
rounded
to the
followin
g radius:
Clearance Radius on
Nominal Bolt in Hole, Corners of
Size, in. in. (mm) Hole, in. (mm)

1
4 to 12 0.030 (0.76) 0.030 (0.76)
9
16 to 34 0.050 (1.3) 0.060 (1.5)
7
8 to 1 0.063 (1.5) 0.060 (1.5)
118 to 114 0.063 (1.5) 0.125 (3.2)
138 to 112 0.094 (2.4) 0.125 (3.2)

A3.2.1
.6 Wedge
Testing
of HT
Bolts
Threade
d to
HeadF
or heat-
treated
bolts
 over 100 sizes 14
000 psi through
(690 3
4 in.
MPa) (6.35 to
minimu 19.0
m tensile mm) and
strength 4 for
and that sizes
are
over 34
threaded
in.
1
A3.2.
diameter
1.7
and
Tension
closer to Testing
the of Bolts
undersid Machine
e of the d to
head, the Round
wedge Test
angle Specime
shall be ns:
6 for

c = Clearance of wedge hole

d = Diameter of bolt
R = Radius
T = Thickness of wedge at
short side of hole equal to
one-half diameter of bolt
FIG. A3.2 Wedge Test
Detail

36
 A 370 03a
(a) ( of the
a) Bolts specime
under n shall
1 be
1 2 in.
concentr
(38 mm)
ic with
in
the axis
diameter
of the
which
bolt; the
require
head and
machine
threaded
d tests
section
shall
of the
preferab
bolt may
ly use a
be left
standard
1 intact, as
2-in., in Fig.
(13-mm) A3.3
round 2- and Fig.
in. (50- A3.4, or
mm) shaped
gage to t the
length holders
test or grips
specime of the
n (Fig. testing
4); machine
however so that
, bolts of the load
small is
cross- applied
section axially.
that will The
not gage
permit length
the for
taking of measuri
this ng the
standard elongati
test on shall
specime be four
n shall times
use one the
of the diameter
small- of the
size- specime
specime n.
ns-
(b) (
proporti b) For
onal-to- bolts
standard 112 in.
(Fig. 4) and over
and the in
specime diameter
n shall , a
have a standard
1
reduced 2-in.
round 2-
section in. gage
as large length
as test
possible. specime
In all n shall
cases, be
the turned
longitud from the
bolt,
inal axis having
its axis y
midway threaded
between fasteners
the
center shall be
and hardness
outside tested.
surface Fastener
of the s with
body of hexagon
the bolt
as al or
shown square
in Fig. heads
A3.5. shall be
(c) ( Brinell
c) or
Machine Rockwel
d l
specime hardness
ns are to tested on
be tested the side
in or top of
tension the head.
to External
determin ly
e the threaded
properti fasteners
es with
prescrib other
ed by type of
the heads
product and
specic
those
a-tions.
without
The
heads
methods
shall be
of
Brinell
testing
and or
determin Rockwel
ation of l
properti hardness
es shall tested on
be in one end.
accorda Due to
nce with possible
Section distortio
13 of n from
these the
test Brinell
methods load,
. care
should
A3.3 be taken
Hardne that this
ss Tests test
for meets
Externa the
lly requirem
Thread ents of
ed Section
Fastene 16 of
rs these
A3.3. test
1 When methods
specie . Where
d, the
externall Brinell
hardness purposes
test is of
impracti arbitrati
cal, the on,
Rockwel hardness
l may be
hardness taken on
test shall two
be trans-
substitut verse
ed. sections
Rockwel through
l a
hardness represen
test tative
procedur sample
es shall fastener
conform se-lected
to at
Section random.
18 of Hardnes
these s
test readings
methods shall be
. taken at
A3.3. the
2 In locations
cases shown
where a in Fig.
dispute A3.6.
exists All
between hardness
buyer values
and must
seller as conform
to with the
whether hardness
externall limit of
y the
threaded product
fasteners specic
meet or ation in
exceed order for
the the
hardness fasteners
limit of represen
the ted by
product the
specic sample
ation, to be
for consider
ed in
complia
nce.
This
provisio
n for
arbitrati
on of a
dispute
shall not
be used
to accept
clearly
rejectabl
e
fasteners shall be
. threaded
to
A3.4 America
Testing n
of Nuts National
Standard
A3.4.
Class 3
1 Proof
toleranc
Load
e, except
A
that the
sample
major
nut shall
diameter
be
shall be
assembl
the
ed on a
minimu
hardene
m major
d
diameter
threaded
with a
mandrel
toleranc
or on a
e of +
bolt
0.002 in.
conform
(0.051
ing to
mm).
the
particula A3.4.
r 2
specic Hardnes
ation. A s Test
load Rockwel
axial l
with the hardness
mandrel of nuts
or bolt shall be
and determin
equal to ed on
the the top
specie or
d proof bottom
load of face of
the nut the nut.
shall be Brinell
applied. hardness
The nut shall be
shall determin
resist ed on
this load the side
without of the
stripping nuts.
or Either
rupture. method
If the may be
threads used at
of the the
mandrel option
are of the
damage manufac
d during turer,
the test taking
the into
individu account
al test the size
shall be and
discarde grade of
d. The the nuts
mandrel under
test.
 When er
the Bolti
standard ng
Brinell Mat
hardness erial
test A3.5.
results 1 When
in the bars,
deformi as
ng the received
nut it by the
will be manufac
necessar turer,
y to use have
a minor been
load or processe
substitut d and
e a proved
Rockwel to meet
l certain
hardness specie
test. d
propertie
A3.5 Bars s, it is
Heat not
Trea necessar
ted y to test
or the
Cold nished
Dra product
wn when
for these
Use propertie
in s have
the not been
Man changed
ufac by the
ture process
of of
Stud manufac
s, ture
Nuts employe
or d for the
Oth nished
product.

NOTE 1Metric
equivalent: 1 in. = 25.4
mm.
FIG. A3.3 Tension Test Specimen
for
Bolt
with
Turned
-Down
Shank
37
 A 370 03a

NOTE 1Metric equivalent: 1 in. = 25.4 mm.

FIG. A3.4 Examples of Small Size Specimens Proportional to
Standard 2-in. Gage Length Specimen

FIG. A3.5 Location of Standard Round 2-in. Gage Length Tension

Test Specimen When Turned from Large Size Bolt

FIG. A3.6 Hardness Test Locations for Bolts in a Dispute

38
 A 370 03a

A4. ROUND WIRE PRODUCTS

grips,
irrespective of
A4.1 Scope the type of
A4.1.1 This testing machine,
supplement may be referred
covers the to as the usual
apparatus, type of wedge
grips. The use of
specimens ne (180 or
and methods 240) grit
of testing abrasive cloth in
peculiar to the usual
steel wire wedge type
products grips, with the
which are not abrasive
covered in the contacting the
wire specimen,
general can be helpful in
section of Test reducing
Methods A specimen
370. slipping and
breakage at the
A4.2 grip edges at
Apparatus tensile loads up
to about 1000
A4.2.1 pounds. For tests
Gripping of specimens of
DevicesGrip wire which are
s of either the liable to be cut at
wedge or the edges by the
snubbing usual type of
wedge grips, the
types as
snubbing type
shown in Fig. gripping device
A4.1 and Fig. has proved
A4.2 shall be satisfactory.
used (Note For testing
A4.1). When round wire, the
using grips of use of
cylindrical seat
either type, in the wedge
care shall be gripping device
taken that the is optional.
axis of the test NOTE
specimen is A4.2Any
located defect in a
testing machine
approxi- which may cause
mately at the non-axial
center line of application of
the head of load should be
the testing corrected.
machine A4.2.2
(Note A4.2). Pointed
When using Micrometer
wedge grips A micrometer
the liners used with a pointed
behind the spindle and
grips shall be anvil suitable
of the proper for reading
thickness. the
dimensions of
NOTE the wire
A4.1Testing
machines
specimen at
usually are the fractured
equipped with ends to the
wedge grips. nearest 0.001
These wedge in. (0.025
mm) after twice the
breaking the length of wire
specimen in required for
the testing the full use of
machine shall the grip
be used. employed. For
example,
A4.3 Test depending
Specimens upon the type
A4.3.1 Test of testing
specimens machine and
having the full grips used, the
cross-sectional minimum
area of the total length of
wire they specimen may
represent shall vary from 14
to 24 in. (360
be used. The
to 610 mm)
standard gage
for a 10-in.
length of the
gage length
specimens specimen.
shall be 10 in.
A4.3.2 Any
(254 mm). specimen
However, if breaking in
the the grips shall
determination be dis-carded
of elongation and a new
values is not specimen
required, any tested.
convenient
gage length is A4.4
permissible. Elongation
The total A4.4.1 In
length of the determining
specimens permanent
shall be at least elongation,
equal to the the ends of the
gage length fractured
(10 in.) plus specimen
shall be
carefully
tted together
and the
distance
between the
gage marks
measured to
the nearest
0.01 in. (0.25
mm) with
dividers and
scale or other
suitable
device. The
elongation is
the increase in
length of the
gage length,
expressed as a
percentage of
the original
gage length.
In recording
elongation
values, both
the percentage
increase and 0.001 in.
the original (0.025 mm)
gage length with a pointed
shall be given. micrometer.
A4.4.2 In The difference
determining between the
total area thus
elongation found and the
(elastic plus area of the
plastic original cross
extension) section,
autographic or expressed as a
extensometer percentage of
methods may the original
be em-ployed. area, is the
A4.4.3 If reduction of
fracture takes area.
place outside A4.5.2 The
of the middle reduction of
third of the area test is not
gage length, recommended
the elongation in wire
value diameters less
obtained may than 0.092 in.
not be (2.34 mm)
representative due to the
of the difficulties of
material. measuring the
reduced cross
A4.5 sections.
Reduction of
Area A4.6
Rockwell
A4.5.1 The
Hardness
ends of the
fractured Test
specimen A4.6.1 On
shall be heattreated
carefully wire of
tted together diameter
and the 0.100 in. (2.54
dimensions of mm) and
the smallest larger, the
cross section specimen
measured to shall be
the nearest attened on
two parallel

FIG. A4.1 Wedge-Type Gripping

Device

39
 A 370 03a

FIG. A4.2 Snubbing-Type Gripping Device

specied in the
sides by grinding relevant wire
before testing. product
The hardness test specication.
is not A4.7.3 The
recommended wire tested shall
for any diameter be considered to
of hard drawn have failed if the
wire or heat- wire fractures or
treated wire less if any
than 0.100 in. longitudinal or
(2.54 mm) in transverse cracks
diameter. For
round wire, the
tensile strength
test is greatly
preferred over
the hardness test.
A4.7 Wrap Test
A4.7.1 This
test is used as a
means for testing
the ductility of
certain kinds of
wire.
A4.7.2 The
test consists of
coiling the wire
in a closely
spaced helix
tightly against a
mandrel of a
specied
diameter for a
required number
of turns. (Unless
other specied,
the required
number of turns
shall be ve.)
The wrapping
may be done by
hand or a power
device. The
wrapping rate
may not exceed
15 turns per min.
The mandrel
diameter shall be
develop which and spring
can be seen by extension. A coil
the unaided eye of specied
after the rst length is closed
complete turn. wound on an
Wire which fails arbor of a
in the rst turn specied
shall be retested, diameter. The
as such fractures closed coil is
may be caused then stretched to
by bending the a specied
wire to a radius permanent
less than increase in length
specied when and examined for
the test starts. uniformity of
pitch with no
A4.8 Coiling splits or
Test fractures. The
A4.8.1 This required arbor
test is used to diameter, closed
determine if coil length, and
imperfections are permanent coil
present to the extended length
extent that they increase may
may cause vary with wire
cracking or diameter,
splitting during properties, and
spring coiling type.

A5. NOTES ON SIGNIFICANCE OF

NOTCHED-BAR IMPACT TESTING
size, notch
A5.1 Notch geometry, and
Behavior testing
conditions
A5.1.1 The involved and
Charpy and Izod cannot be
type tests bring generalized to
out notch other sizes of
behavior specimens and
(brittleness conditions.
versus ductility)
A5.1.2 The
by applying a
notch behavior of
single overload
of stress. The the face-centered
energy values cubic met-als and
determined are alloys, a large
quantita-tive group of
comparisons on a nonferrous
selected materials and the
specimen but austenitic steels
cannot be can be judged
converted into from their
energy values common tensile
that would serve properties. If they
for engineering are brittle in
design tension they will
calculations. The be brittle when
notch behavior notched, while if
indicated in an they are ductile in
indi-vidual test tension, they will
applies only to be ductile when
the specimen notched, except
for unusually materials the
sharp or deep Charpy and Izod
notches (much type tests are
more severe than accordingly very
the standard useful. Some
Charpy or Izod metals that
speci-mens). Even display normal
low temperatures ductility in the
do not alter this tension test may
characteristic of nevertheless
these materials. In break in brittle
contrast, the fashion when
behavior of the tested or when
ferritic steels
used in the
notched
under notch
condition.
conditions cannot
Notched
be predicted from
conditions
their proper-ties
include restraints
as revealed by the to deformation in
tension test. For directions
the study of these perpendicular to
the major stress,
or multiaxial
stresses, and
stress concentra-
tions. It is in this
eld that the
Charpy and Izod
tests prove useful
for determining
the susceptibility
of a steel to
notch-brittle
behavior though
they cannot be
directly used to
appraise the
serviceability of
a structure.
A5.1.3 The
testing machine
itself must be
sufficiently rigid
or tests on high-
strength low-
energy materials
will result in
excessive elastic
energy losses
either upward
through the
pendulum shaft
or downward
through the base
of the machine.
If the anvil
supports, the
pendulum
striking edge, or
the machine
foundation bolts
are not securely
fastened, tests on
ductile materials
in the range of 80
ftlbf (108 J) A5.2.1 The
may actually notch results in a
indicate values in combination of
excess of 90 to multiaxial
100 ftlbf (122 to stresses
136 J). associated with
restraints to
A5.2 Notch deformation in
Effect directions

40
 A 370 03a
perpendi od by
cular to consider
the ing the
major cohesive
stress, strength
and a of a
stress material
concentr (or the
ation at property
the base that
of the holds it
notch. A together)
severely and its
notched relation
conditio to the
n is yield
generall point. In
y not cases of
desirabl brittle
e, and it fracture,
becomes the
of real cohesive
concern strength
in those is
cases in exceede
which it d before
initiates signica
a sudden nt
and plastic
complet deformat
e failure ion
of the occurs
brittle and the
type. fracture
Some appears
metals crystalli
can be ne. In
deforme cases of
d in a the
ductile ductile
manner or shear
even type of
down to failure,
the low consider
temperat able
ures of deformat
liquid ion
air, precedes
while the nal
others fracture
may and the
crack. broken
This surface
differen appears
ce in brous
behavior instead
can be of
best crystalli
understo ne. In
inter-
mediate g it is the
cases the condition
fracture for
comes brittle
after a fracture.
moderat A5.2.
e 3 In
amount testing,
of though
deforma not in
tion and service
is part because
crystalli of side
ne and effects,
part it
brous happens
in more
appear- common
ance. ly that
A5.2.2 plastic
When a deformat
notched ion
bar is precedes
loaded, fracture.
there is a In
normal addition
stress to the
across normal
the base stress,
of the the
notch applied
which load also
tends to sets up
initiate shear
fracture. stresses
The which
property are
that about
keeps it 45 to
from the
cleaving, normal
or holds
stress.
it
The
elastic
together,
behavior
is the
terminat
cohesive
es as
strength.
soon as
The bar
the shear
fractures
stress
when the
exceeds
normal
the shear
stress
strength
exceeds
of the
the
material
cohesive
and
strength.
deformat
When
ion or
this
plastic
occurs
yielding
without
sets in.
the bar
This is
deformin
the Table
conditio A5.1).
n for Also, as
ductile the
failure. speed of
A5.2. deformat
4 This ion
behavior increase
, s, the
whether shear
brittle or strength
ductile, increase
depends s and the
on likelihoo
whether d of
the brittle
normal fracture
stress increase
exceeds s. On the
the other
cohesive hand, by
strength raising
before the
the shear temperat
stress ure,
exceeds leaving
the shear the
strength. notch
Several and the
importa speed of
nt facts deformat
of notch ion the
behavior same,
follow the shear
from strength
this. If is
the lowered
notch is and
made ductile
sharper behavior
or more is
drastic, promote
the d,
normal leading
stress at to shear
the root failure.
of the
notch
will be
increase
d in
relation
to the
shear
stress
and the
bar will
be more
prone to
brittle
fracture
(see
 A5.2. crease in
5 size,
Variatio particula
ns in rly in
notch
dimensi width,
ons will also
seriousl tends to
y affect increase
the the
results degree
of the
tests. of
Tests on restraint
E 4340 and by
steel tending
specime to
ns10 induce
have brittle
shown fracture,
the
effect of may
dimensi decrease
onal the
variation amount
s on of
Charpy energy
results absorbe
(see
Table d.
A5.1). Where a
standard
A5.3 -size
Size specime
Effect n is on
A5.3. the
1 verge of
Increasi brittle
ng either fracture,
the this is
width or particula
the rly true,
depth of and a
the double-
specime width
n tends specime
to n may
increase actually
the require
volume less
of metal energy
subject for
to rupture
distortio than one
n, and of
by this standard
factor width.
tends to A5.3.
increase 2 In
the studies
of such
energy
effects
absorpti where
on when the size
breaking of the
the material
specime preclude
n. s the use
Howeve of the
r, any standard
in- specime
n, as for r
example specime
when ns. On
the the other
material hand, in
is 14-in. a study
plate, of the
subsize relative
specime effect of
ns are process
necessar variation
ily used.
s,
Such
specime evaluati
ns (see on by
Fig. 6 of use of
Test some
Methods arbitraril
E 23) y
are selected
based on specime
the Type n with
A some
specime chosen
n of Fig. notch
4 of Test will in
Methods most
E 23. instance
A5.3. s place
3 the
General methods
correlati in their
on proper
between order.
the
energy A5.4
values Effects
ob- of
tained Testing
with Conditi
specime ons
ns of
different A5.4.1
size or The
shape is testing
not condition
feasible, s also
but affect the
limited notch
correlati behavior.
ons may So
be pronounc
establish ed is the
ed for effect of
specic temperat
ation ure on
purposes the
on the behavior
basis of of steel
special when
studies notched
of that
particula comparis
r ons are
material frequentl
s and y made
particula by
 examinin y sharp
g drop in
specimen impact
fractures value or
and by there
plotting may be a
energy relatively
value gradual
and falling
fracture off
appearan toward
ce versus the lower
temperat temperat
ure from ures.
tests of This
notched drop in
bars at a energy
series of value
temperat starts
ures. when a
When specimen
the test begins to
temperat
ure has
been 10
Fahey,
carried N. H.,
low Effects of
Variables in
enough Charpy
to start Impact
Testing,
cleavage Materials
fracture, Research &
Standards,
there Vol 1, No.
may be 11,
November,
an 1961, p.
extremel 872.

TABLE
A5.1
Effect of
Varying
Notch
Dimensi
ons on
Standar
d
Specim
ens
High-Energy High-Energy
Specimens, ftlbf (J) Specimens, ftlbf (J
Specimen with standard dimensions 76.0 6 3.8 (103.0 6 5.2) 44.5 6 2.2 (60.3 6 3
Depth of notch, 0.084 in. (2.13 mm)A 72.2 (97.9) 41.3 (56.0)
Depth of notch, 0.0805 in. (2.04 mm)A 75.1 (101.8) 42.2 (57.2)
Depth of notch, 0.0775 in. (1.77 mm)A 76.8 (104.1) 45.3 (61.4)
Depth of notch, 0.074 in. (1.57 mm)A 79.6 (107.9) 46.0 (62.4)
Radius at base of notch, 0.005 in. (0.127 mm)B 72.3 (98.0) 41.7 (56.5)
Radius at base of notch, 0.015 in. (0.381 mm)B 80.0 (108.5) 47.4 (64.3)
A
Standard 0.079 6 0.002 in.
(2.00 6 0.05 mm).
B
Standard 0.010 6 0.001 in. (0.25
6 0.025 mm).

41
 A 370 03a
exhibit 50 %
some crystalli
crystalli ne and a
ne 50 %
appeara brous
nce in appearan
the ce, (3)
fracture. the
The temperat
tran- ure
sition correspo
temperat nding to
ure at the
which energy
this value 50
embrittli % of the
ng effect differenc
takes e
place between
varies values
consider obtained
ably at 100 %
with the and 0 %
size of brous
the part fracture,
or test and ( 4)
specime the
n and temperat
with the ure
notch correspo
geometr nding to
y. a
A5.4. specic
2 Some energy
of the value.
many A5.4.3
denitio A
ns of problem
transitio peculiar
n to
tempera- Charpy-
ture type tests
currentl occurs
y being when
used are: high-
(1) the strength,
lowest low-
temperat
energy
ure at
specimen
which
s are
the
tested at
specime
low
n
temperat
exhibits
100 % ures.
brous These
fracture, specimen
( 2) the s may
temperat not leave
ure the
where machine
the in the
fracture direction
shows a of the
pendulu m.
m swing Where
but design
rather in permits,
a the
sidewise broken
direction specimen
. To s may be
ensure deected
that the out of
broken the sides
halves of of the
the machine
specimen and yet
s do not in other
rebound designs
off some it may be
compone necessar
nt of the y to
machine contain
and the
contact broken
the specimen
pendulu s within
m before a certain
it area until
complete the
s its pendulu
swing, m passes
modica through
tions the
may be anvils.
necessar Some
y in low-
older energy
model high-
machines strength
. These steel
modica specimen
tions s leave
differ impact
with machines
machine at speeds
design. in excess
Neverthe of 50 ft
less the (15.3
basic m)/s
problem although
is the they
same in were
that struck by
provision a
s must be pendulu
made to m
prevent traveling
rebound- at speeds
ing of approxi
the mately
fractured 17 ft (5.2
specimen m)/s. If
s into the force
any part exerted
of the on the
swinging pendulu
pendulu m by the
broken will slow
specimen down
s is and
sufficient erroneou
, the sly high
pendulu energy
m values
will be
recorded.
This
problem
accounts
for many
of the
inconsist
en-cies
in
Charpy
results
reported
by
various
investiga
tors
within
the 10 to
25-ftlbf
(14 to 34
J) range.
The
Apparatu
s Section
(the
paragrap
h
regardin
g
Specime
n
Clearanc
e) of Test
Methods
E 23
discusses
the two
basic
machine
designs
and a
modica
-tion
found to
be
satisfacto
ry in
minimizi
ng
jamming
.

A5.5
Velocity
of
Strainin
g
 A5.5. ly used
1 in large
Velocity masses
of or as
straining compon
is ents of
likewise large
a structure
variable s, these
that tests can
affects be used
the as
notch acceptan
behavior ce tests
of steel. of
The identity
impact for
test different
shows lots of
somewh the same
at higher steel or
energy in
absorpti choosin
on g
values between
than the different
static
steels,
tests
when
above
correlati
the
on with
transitio
reliable
n
temperat service
ure and behavior
yet, in has been
some establish
instance ed. It
s, the may be
reverse necessar
is true y to
below make
the the tests
transitio at
n properly
temperat chosen
ure. temperat
ures
A5.6 other
Correla than
tion room
with temperat
Service ure. In
A5.6. this, the
1 While service
Charpy temperat
or Izod ure or
tests the
may not transitio
directly n
predict temperat
the ure of
ductile full-
or brittle scale
behavior speci-
of steel mens
as does not
common give the
desired inuence
transitio of some
n of the
temperat importan
ures for t
Charpy processi
or Izod ng
tests factors
since the that
size and affect
notch suscepti
geometr bility to
y may brittle
be so fracture
different nor do
. they
Chemica compreh
l end the
analysis, effect of
tension, low
and temperat
hardness ures in
tests inducing
may not brittle
indicate behavior
the .

A6. PROCEDURE
FOR CONVERTING
PERCENTAGE
ELONGATION OF A
STANDARD ROUND
TENSION TEST
SPECIMEN
TO
EQUIVALEN
T
PERCENTAG
E
ELONGATIO
N OF A
STANDARD
FLAT
SPECIMEN
(12.7-
mm)
A6.1
diameter
Scope by 2-in.
A6.1. (51-mm)
1 This gage
method length
specie test
s a specime
procedur n to
e for standard
converti at test
ng specime
percenta ns 12 in.
ge by 2 in.
elongati and 112
on after in. by 8
fracture in. (38.1
obtained by 203
in a mm).
standard
0.500- A6.2
in. Basic
Equatio where:
n eo =
A6.2. p
1 The e
conversi r
c
on data e
in this n
method t
are a
based on g
an e
equation
by e
Bertella, l
11
and o
n
used by g
Oliver12 a
and t
others. i
The o
relations n
hip
between a
f
elongati t
ons in e
the r
standard
0.500- f
in. r
diameter a
by 2.0- c
in. test t
specime u
n and r
other e
standard o
specime n
ns can
be a
calculate
d as s
follows: t
a
n
d
11
a
Bertel r
la, C. d
A.,
Giorn
ale t
del e
Geni s
o t
Civile
, Vol s
60, p
1922,
p.
e
343. c
12
Oliver
i
, D. A., m
Proceeding e
s of the n
Institution
of
Mechanica
l
h
Engineers, a
1928, p. v
827. i
n
g
a
2
-
 i sect
n ion
. al
g a
a r
g e
e a
l A
e ,
n
g a
t n
h d
a =
a
n constan
d
t
0 charact
. eristic
5 of the
0 test
0 material
- .
i
n A6.3
.
Applica
d tion
i
a A6.3.
m 1 In
e applying
t the
e
r above
, equation
e = the
per constant
cen a is
tag characte
e ristic of
elo the test
nga material.
tion
The
afte
value a
r
= 0.4
frac
ture has been
on found to
a give
sta satisfact
nda ory
rd conversi
test ons for
spe carbon,
cim carbon-
en mangane
hav se,
ing molybde
a num,
gag and
e chromiu
len m-
gth molybde
L
num
and
steels
a
within
cro
ss- the
tensile normaliz
strength ed, or in
range of the
40 000 annealed
to 85 conditio
000 psi n, with
(275 to or
585 without
MPa) temperin
and in g. Note
the hot- that the
rolled, cold
in the reduced
hot- and
rolled quenche
and d and

42
 A 370 03a
tempere and
d states 0.250-
are in.
exclude (6.35-
d. For mm)
anneale diameter
d by 1.0-
austeniti in.
c (25.4-
stainless mm)
steels, gage
the length
value a the
= 0.127 factor in
has the
been equation
found to is 4.51
give instead
satisfact of 4.47.
ory The
conversi small
ons. error
A6.3. introduc
2 Table ed by
A6.1 has using
been Table
calculate A6.1 for
d taking the
a = 0.4, subsized
with the specime
standard ns may
0.500- be
in. neglecte
(12.7- d. Table
mm) A6.2 for
diameter anneale
by 2-in. d
(51-mm) austeniti
gage c steels
length has been
test calculat
specime ed
n as the taking a
referenc = 0.127,
e with the
specime standard
n. In the 0.500-
case of in.
the diameter
subsize by 2-in.
specime gage
ns 0.350 length
in. (8.89 test
mm) in specime
diameter n as the
by 1.4- referenc
in. e
(35.6- specime
mm) n.
gage
length,
 TABLE 0.750 1.134 0.811 ... ...
A6.1
Carbon
and Alloy
SteelsM
aterial
Constant
a = 0.4.
Multiplic
ation
Factors
for
Converti
ng
Percent
Elongatio
n from
1
2-in.
Diameter
by 2-in.
Gage
Length
Standard
Tension
Test
Specime
n to
Standard
1
2 by 2-
in. and
112 by
8-in. Flat
Specime
ns
Thickness,
in.

0.025
0.030
0.035
0.040
0.045
0.050
0.055
0.060
0.065
0.070
0.075
0.080
0.085
0.090
0.100
0.110
0.120
0.130
0.140
0.150
0.160
0.170
0.180
0.190
0.200
0.225
0.250
0.275
0.300
0.325
0.350
0.375
0.400
0.425
0.450
0.475
0.500
0.525
0.550
0.575
0.600
0.625
0.650
0.675
0.700
0.725
 TABLE 0.675 1.034 ... ... ...
A6.2 0.700 1.036 0.932 ... ...
Anneale 0.725 1.038 ... ... ...
d 0.750 1.041 0.936 ... ...
Austeniti
c
Stainles
s
Steels
Material A6.3.3
Constan Elongati
ta= on given
0.127.
Multiplic for a
ation standard
Factors
for 0.500-in.
Converti diameter
ng by 2-in.
Percent
Elongati gage
on from
1
length
2-in. specime
Diameter
by 2-in. n may be
Gage converte
Length
Standar d to
d elongatio
Tension
Test
n for 12
Specime in. by 2
n to in. or
Standar
d 12 by 112 in.
2-in. and by 8-in.
112 by (38.1 by
8-in. Flat
Specime 203-mm)
ns at
Thickness, specime
in. ns by
multiplyi
0.025
0.030 ng by the
0.035 indicated
0.040
0.045
factor in
0.050 Table
0.055 A6.1 and
0.060
0.065
Table
0.070 A6.2.
0.075
0.080
A6.3.4
0.085 These
0.090 elongatio
0.095
0.100 n
0.110 conversi
0.120 ons shall
0.130
0.140 not be
0.150 used
0.160
0.170
where
0.180 the width
0.190 to
0.200
0.225
thickness
0.250 ratio of
0.275 the test
0.300
0.325 piece
0.350 exceeds
0.375 20, as in
0.400
0.425 sheet
0.450 specime
0.475
0.500
ns under
0.525 0.025 in.
0.550 (0.635
0.575
0.600 mm) in
0.625
0.650
thickness specica
. tion
A6.3.5 writing
While the where it
conversio is
ns are desirable
considere to show
d to be equivalen
reliable t
within elongatio
the stated n
limitation requirem
s and ents for
may the
generally several
be used standard
in ASTM
tension

43
 A 370 03a
specimens covered in Test Methods A 370, consideration must
be given to the metallurgical effects dependent on the
thickness of the material as processed.

A7. METHOD OF TESTING MULTI-WIRE STRAND FOR PRESTRESSED CONCRETE

bonding agent. The encased portion should be
A7.1 Scope approximately
twice the length of lay of the strand.
A7.1.1 This method provides procedures for the
tension testing of multi-wire strand for prestressed A7.3.5 Special Grips with Smooth, Semi-
concrete. This method is intended for use in Cylindrical Grooves (Note A7.2)The grooves and
evaluating the strand properties prescribed in the gripped portions of the specimen are coated with
specications for prestressing steel strands. an abrasive slurry which holds the specimen in the
smooth grooves, preventing slippage. The
A7.2 General Precautions
A7.2.1 Premature failure of the test specimens
may result if there is any appreciable notching,
cutting, or bending of the specimen by the gripping
devices of the testing machine.
A7.2.2 Errors in testing may result if the seven
wires constituting the strand are not loaded
uniformly.
A7.2.3 The mechanical properties of the strand
may be materially affected by excessive heating
during specimen preparation.
A7.2.4 These difficulties may be minimized by
following the suggested methods of gripping
described in A7.4.
A7.3 Gripping Devices
A7.3.1 The true mechanical properties of the
strand are determined by a test in which fracture of
the specimen occurs in the free span between the
jaws of the testing machine. Therefore, it is
desirable to establish a test procedure with suitable
apparatus which will consistently produce such
results. Due to inherent physical characteristics of
individual ma-chines, it is not practical to
recommend a universal gripping procedure that is
suitable for all testing machines. Therefore, it is
necessary to determine which of the methods of
gripping described in A7.3.2 to A7.3.8 is most
suitable for the testing equipment available.
A7.3.2 Standard V-Grips with Serrated Teeth (Note
A7.1). A7.3.3 Standard V-Grips with Serrated Teeth
(Note A7.1), Using Cushioning MaterialIn this
method, some material is placed between the grips and
the specimen to minimize the notching effect of the
teeth. Among the materials which have been used are
lead foil, aluminum foil, carborundum cloth, bra
shims, etc. The type and thickness of material
required is dependent on the shape, condition, and
coarseness of the teeth. A7.3.4 Standard V-Grips with
Serrated Teeth (Note A7.1), Using Special
Preparation of the Gripped Portions of the
SpecimenOne of the methods used is tinning, in
which the gripped portions are cleaned, uxed, and
coated by multiple dips in molten tin alloy held just
above the melting point. Another method of
preparation is encasing the gripped portions in metal
tubing or exible conduit, using epoxy resin as the
slurry consists of abrasive such as Grade 3-F
aluminum oxide and a carrier such as water or
glycerin.
A7.3.6 Standard Sockets of the Type Used for
Wire Rope
The gripped portions of the specimen are anchored
in the sockets with zinc. The special procedures for
socketing usually employed in the wire rope
industry must be followed.
A7.3.7 Dead-End Eye SplicesThese devices are
available in sizes designed to t each size of strand
to be tested.
A7.3.8 Chucking DevicesUse of chucking
devices of the type generally employed for applying
tension to strands in casting beds is not
recommended for testing purposes.
NOTE A7.1The number of teeth should be approximately
15 to 30 per in., and the minimum effective gripping length
should be approximately 4 in. (102 mm).
NOTE A7.2The radius of curvature of the grooves is
approximately the same as the radius of the strand being
tested, and is located 132 in. (0.79 mm) above the at face of
the grip. This prevents the two grips from closing tightly
when the specimen is in place.
A7.4 Specimen Preparation
A7.4.1 If the molten-metal temperatures
employed during hot-dip tinning or socketing with
metallic material are too high, over approximately
700F (370C), the specimen may be heat affected
with a subsequent loss of strength and ductility.
44
Careful temperature controls should be maintained
if such methods of specimen preparation are used.
A7.5 Procedure
A7.5.1 Yield Strength For determining the yield
strength use a Class B-1 extensometer (Note A7.3)
as described in Practice E 83. Apply an initial load
of 10 % of the expected minimum breaking strength
to the specimen, then attach the extensometer and
adjust it to a reading of 0.001 in./in. of gage length.
Then increase the load until the extensometer
indicates an extension of 1 %. Record the load for
this extension as the yield strength. The
extensometer may be removed from the specimen
after the yield strength has been determined.
A7.5.2 Elongation For determining the
elongation use a Class D extensometer (Note A7.3),
as described in Practice E 83, having a gage length
of not less than 24 in. (610 mm) (Note A7.4). Apply
an initial load of 10 % of the required minimum
breaking strength to the specimen, then attach the
extensometer (Note A7.3) and adjust it to a zero
reading. The extensometer may be removed from
the specimen prior to rupture after the specied
minimum elongation has been exceeded. It is not
necessary to determine the nal elongation value.
A7.5.3 Breaking StrengthDetermine the
maximum load at which one or more wires of the
strand are fractured. Record this load as the breaking
strength of the strand.
 A 370 03a
NOTE break
A7.3Th outside
e yield- the
extenso
strength
meter
extensom
or in
eter and
the
the
elongation
ex-
tensomete
r may be
the same
instrumen
t or two
separate
instrumen
ts. Two
separate
instrumen
ts are
advisable
since the
more
sensitive
yield-
strength
extensom
eter,
which
could be
damaged
when the
strand
fractures,
may be
removed
following
the
determina
tion of
yield
strength.
The
elongation
extensom
eter may
be
constructe
d with
less
sensitive
parts or be
con-
structed in
such a
way that
little
damage
would
result if
fracture
occurs
while the
extensom
eter is
attached
to the
specimen.
NOTE
A7.4S
pecime
ns that
jaws and extensom
yet meet eter or in
the the jaws
minimum and do not
specied meet the
values are minimum
considere specied
d as values are
meeting subject to
the retest.
mechanic Specimen
al s that
property break
requireme between
nts of the the jaws
product and the
specica- extensom
tion, eter and
regardless do not
of what meet the
procedure minimum
of specied
gripping values are
has been subject to
used. retest as
Specimen provided
s that in the
break applicable
outside of specicat
the ion.

A8. ROUNDING OF
TEST DATA
E 29
A8.1 shall be
Roundi used.
ng A8.1.
1.1
A8.1. Values
1 An shall be
observe rounded
d value up or
or a rounded
calculate down as
d value determin
shall be ed by
rounded the rules
off in of
accorda Practice
nce with E 29.
the A8.1.
applicab 1.2 In
le the
product special
speci- case of
cation. roundin
In the g the
absence number
of a 5 when
specie no
d addition
procedur al
e, the numbers
roundin other
g-off than 0
method follow
of the 5,
Practice roundin
g shall A8.1.
be done 2
in the Recomm
direction ended
of the levels
specic for
ation roundin
limits if
g
followin
g reported
Practice values
E 29 of test
would data are
cause given in
rejection Table
of A8.1.
material. These
values
are
designed
to
provide
uniformi
ty in
reportin
g and
data
storage,
and
should
be used
in all
cases
except
where
they
conict
with
specic
requirem
ents of a
product
specic
ation.
NOTE
A8.1To
minimize
cumulativ
e errors,
whenever
possible,
values
should be
carried to
at least
one gure
beyond
that of the
nal
(rounded)
value
during
intervenin
g
calculatio
ns (such
 as operation.
calculatio The
n of stress precision
from load may be
and area less than
measurem that
ents) with implied
rounding by the
occurring number of
as the signican
nal t gures.

TABLE A8.1
Recommended
Values for
Rounding Test
Data
Test Quantity Test Data Range
Yield Point, up to 50 000 psi, excl (up to 50 ksi)
Yield Strength, 50 000 to 100 000 psi, excl (50 to 100 ksi)
Tensile Strength 100 000 psi and above (100 ksi and above)

up to 500 MPa, excl

500 to 1000 MPa, excl
1000 MPa and above

0 to 10 %, excl
Elongation
10 % and above

0 to 10 %, excl
Reduction of Area
10 % and above

Impact Energy 0 to 240 ftlbf (or 0 to 325 J)

Brinell Hardness all values
Rockwell Hardness all scales
A
Round test data to the
nearest integral multiple of
the values in this column. If
the data value is exactly
midway between two
rounded values, round in
accordance with A8.1.1.2.
B
These units are not
equivalent but the
rounding occurs in the
same numerical ranges
for each. (1 ftlbf = 1.356
J.)
C
Round the mean
diameter of the Brinell
impression to the nearest
0.05 mm and report the
corresponding Brinell
hardness number read from
the table without further
rounding.

A9.
METHOD
S FOR
TESTING
STEEL
REINFOR
CING
BARS
steel
A9.1 reinforci
Scope ng bars
for use in
A9.1.1
concrete
This
reinforce
annex
ment.
covers
additiona A9.2
l details Test
specic Specime
to testing ns
 A9.2. A9.3
1 All Tension
test Testing
specime
A9.3.
ns shall
1 Test
be the
Specime
full
section n
of the Specime
bar as ns for
rolled. tension
tests
shall be
long
enough
to
provide
for an 8-
in. (200-
mm)
gage
length, a
distance
of at
least two
bar
diameter
s
between
each
gage
mark
and the
grips,
plus
sufficien
t
addition
al length
to ll
the grips
complet
ely
leaving
some
excess
length
protrudi
ng
beyond
each
grip.

45
 A 370 03a
A9.3. -tion
2 pattern.
Grippin The
g punch
Device marks
The shall not
grips be put
shall be
shimme on a
d so that transver
no more se
than 12 deformat
in. (13 ion.
mm) of Light
a grip punch
protrude marks
s from are
the head
of the desirable
testing because
machine deep
. marks
A9.3. severely
3 Gage indent
Marks the bar
The 8- and may
in. (200- affect
mm) the
gage results.
length A bullet-
shall be nose
marked punch is
on the desirable
specime .
n using A9.3.
a preset 4 The
8-in. yield
(200- strength
mm) or yield
punch point
or, shall be
alternate determin
ly, may ed by
be one of
punch the
marked followin
every 2 g
in. (50 methods
:
mm)
along A9.3.
the 8-in. 4.1
Extensio
(200-
n under
mm)
load
gage
using an
length,
autograp
on one
hic dia-
of the gram
longitud method
inal ribs, or an
if extenso
present, meter as
or in describe
clear d in
spaces 13.1.2
of the
deforma
and A9.4
13.1.3, Bend
A9.3. Testing
4.2 By
A9.4.
the drop
1 Bend
of the
beam or tests
halt in shall be
the gage made on
of the specime
testing ns of
machine sufficien
as t length
describe to
d in ensure
13.1.1 free
where bending
the steel and with
tested as apparatu
a sharp- s which
kneed or provides
well- :
dened A9.4.
type of 1.1
yield Continu
point. ous and
A9.3. uniform
5 The applicati
unit on of
stress force
determin through
ations out the
for yield duration
and of the
tensile bending
strength operatio
on full- n,
size A9.4.
specime 1.2
ns shall Unrestri
be based cted
on the moveme
nominal nt of the
bar area. specime
n at
points of
contact
with the
apparatu
s and
bending
around a
pin free
to rotate,
and
A9.4.
1.3
Close
wrappin
g of the
specime
n around
the pin
during
the
bending
operatio d by the
n. product
A9.4. speci-
2 Other cation,
acceptab the
le more followin
severe g shall
apply:
methods
of bend A9.4.
testing, 3.1
such as Sections
placing of bar
containi
a
ng
specime
identifyi
n across ng roll
two pins marking
free to shall not
rotate be used.
and
A9.4.
applying
3.2 Bars
the
shall be
bending so
force placed
with a that
x pin, longitudi
may be nal ribs
used. lie in a
A9.4. plane at
3 When right
retesting angles to
is the
permitte plane of
bending.

A10. PROCEDURE
FOR USE AND
CONTROL OF HEAT-
CYCLE
SIMULATION
cycle
A10.1 simulati
Purpose on is
used.
A10.1
.1 To A10.2
ensure Scope
consiste
A10.2
nt and
.1
reproduc
Generati
ible heat
on and
treat- docume
ments of ntation
producti of actual
on producti
forgings on
and the timete
test mperatur
specime e curves
ns that (MAST
represen ER
t them CHART
when S).
the A10.2
practice .2
of heat- Controls
for A10.3
duplicati .1
ng the ASME
master Stand
cycle ards13
during
:
heat
ASM
treatmen E Boiler
t of and
producti Pressure
on Vessel
forgings. Code
(Heat Section
III, latest
treating edition.
within ASM
the E Boiler
essential and
variable Pressure
s Vessel
establish Code
ed Section
during VIII,
A1.2.1). Division
A10.2 2, latest
.3 edition.
Preparat
ion of A10.4
program Termin
charts ology
for the A10.4
simulato .1
r unit. Den
A10.2 itions:
.4
Monitori
ng and 13

inspecti Available
from
on of the American
simulate Society of
d cycle Mechanical
Engineers
within (ASME),
the ASME
Internation
limits al
establish Headquarte
ed by rs, Three
Park Ave.,
the New York,
ASME NY 10016-
5990.
Code.
A10.2
.5
Docume
ntation
and
storage
of all
controls,
inspec-
tions,
charts,
and
curves.
A10.3
Referen
ced
Docume
nts
 A10.4 ed to the
.1.1 program
master chart.
charta A10.4
record .1.3
of the simulato
heat r
treatmen charta
t record
received of the
from a heat
forging treatmen
essential t that a
ly test
identical specime
to the n had
producti received
on in the
forgings simulato
that it r unit. It
will is a chart
represen of time
t. It is a and
chart of temperat
time and ure and
temperat can be
ure compare
showing d
the directly
output to the
from master
thermoc chart for
ouples accuracy
imbedde of
d in the duplicati
forging on.
at the A10.4
designat .1.4
ed test simulato
immersi r
on and cycleo
test ne
location continuo
or us heat
location treatmen
s. t of a set
A10.4 of
.1.2 specime
program ns in the
chartt simulato
he r unit.
metalliz The
ed sheet cycle
used to includes
program heating
the from
simulato ambient,
r unit. holding
Time- at
temperat temperat
ure data ure, and
from the cooling.
master For
chart are example
manuall , a
y simulate
transferr d
austeniti recorder
ze and with
quench resolutio
of a set n
of sufficien
specime t to
ns clearly
would dene
be one all
cycle; a aspects
simulate of the
d temper heating,
of the holding,
same and
specime cooling
ns process.
would All
be charts
another are to be
cycle. clearly
identie
A10.5 d with
Procedu all
re pertinent
A10.5 informat
.1 ion and
Produ identic
ction ation
Maste required
r for
Chart maintain
s: ing
A10.5 perma-
.1.1 nent
Thermo records.
couples A10.
shall be 5.1.2
imbedde Thermo
d in couples
each shall be
forg-ing imbedd
from ed 180
which a apart if
master the
chart is material
obtained specic
ation
.
requires
Tempera
test
ture location
shall be s 180
monitor apart.
ed by a

46
 A 370 03a
A10.5 , then
.1.3 One the most
master conserva
chart (or tive
two if curve
required shall be
in accor- used as
dance the
with master
A10.5.3. curve.
1) shall A10.5
be .2
produce Reprodu
d to cibility
represen of Heat
Treatme
t essen-
nt
tially
Paramet
identical ers on
forgings Producti
(same on
size and Forging
shape). s:
Any A10.5
change .2.1 All
in size informat
or ion
geometr pertainin
y g to the
(exceedi quench
ng rough and
machini temper
ng of the
toleranc master
es) of a forging
forging shall be
will recorded
necessit on an
ate that appro-
a new priate
master permane
cooling nt
curve be record,
develop similar
ed. to the
A10.5 one
.1.4 If shown
more in Table
than one A10.1.
curve is A10.5
required .2.2 All
per informat
master ion
forging pertainin
(180 g to the
apart) quench
and a and
differen temper
ce in of the
cooling producti
rate is on
achieved forgings
shall be shall be
appropri controlle
ately d within
recorded the
, given
preferab paramet
ly on a ers on
form the
similar producti
to that on
used in forging.
A10.5.2. A10.5
1. .2.5 The
Quench temperat
records ure of
of the
producti quenchi
on ng
forgings medium
shall be prior to
retained quenchi
for ng each
future producti
referenc on
e. The forging
quench shall be
and equal to
temper or lower
record than the
of the temperat
master ure of
forging the
shall be quenchi
retained ng
as a medium
permane prior to
nt quenchi
record. ng the
A10.5. master
2.3 A forging.
copy of A10.5
the .2.6 The
master time
forging elapsed
record from
shall be opening
stored the
with the furnace
heat door to
quench
treatment
for the
record of
producti
the
on
producti forging
on shall not
forging. exceed
A10.5 that
.2.4 The elapsed
essential for the
variable master
s, as set forging.
forth on
the heat
treat
record,
 A10.5 ity of
.2.7 If Heat
the time Treat
paramet Paramet
er is ers(1)
exceede The
d in differenc
opening e in
the actual
furnace heat
door to treating
beginnin temperat
g of ure
quench, between
the produc-
forging tion
shall be forgings
placed and the
back master
into the forging
furnace used to
and establish
brought the
back up simulato
to r cycle
equaliza for them
-tion
shall not
temperat
exceed
ure.
625F
A10.5
( 614C)
.2.8 All
for the
forgings
quench
represen
cycle.
ted by
(2) The
the same
master temperin
forging g
shall be temperat
quenche ure of
d with the
like producti
orientati on
on to the forgings
surface shall not
of the fall
quench below
bath. the
A10.5 actual
.2.9 All temperin
producti g
on temperat
forgings ure of
shall be the
quenche master
d in the forging.
same (3) At
quench least one
tank, contact
with the surface
same thermoc
agitation ouple
as the shall be
master placed
forging. on each
A10.5 forging
.2.10 in a
Uniform producti
on load. a portion
Tempera of the
ture holding
shall be cycle,
recorded and the
for all cooling
surface portion
thermoc of the
ouples master
on a chart
Time shall be
Tempera duplicat
ture ed and
Recorde the
r and allowabl
such e limits
records on
shall be temperat
retained ure and
as time, as
permane specie
nt d in (a)
docume (c), shall
ntation. be
establish
A10.5
ed for
.3
vericat
Heat-
ion of
Cycle
the
Simul adequac
ation: y of the
A10.5 simulate
.3.1 d heat
Program treatmen
charts t.
shall be (a)
made Heat
from the Cycle
data Simulati
recorded on of
on the Test
master Coupon
chart. Heat
All test Treatme
specime nt for
ns shall Quench
be given ed and
the same Tempere
heating d
rate Forging
above, s and
the AC1, BarsIf
the same cooling
holding rate data
time and for the
the same forgings
cooling and bars
rate as and
the cooling
producti rate
on control
forgings. devices
A10.5 for the
.3.2 The test
heating specime
cycle ns are
above available
the AC1,
, the test treated
specime in the
ns may device.
be heat-

TABLE A10.1
Heat-Treat Record-
Essential Variables
Master Production Production
Forging Forging 1 Forging 2
Program chart number
Time at temperature and actual temperature of
heat treatment
Method of cooling
Forging thickness
Thermocouple immersion
Beneath buffer (yes/no)
Forging number
Product
Material
Thermocouple location0 deg
Thermocouple location180 deg
Quench tank No.
Date of heat treatment
Furnace number
Cycle number
Heat treater
Starting quench medium temperature
Time from furnace to quench
Heating rate above 1000F (538C)
Temperature upon removal from quench after 5
min
Orientation of forging in quench

47
 A 370 03a
(b) T temperin
he test g and
coupons simulate
shall be d post
heated weld
to heat
substanti treatmen
ally the t.
same (c) S
maximu i
m m
u
temperat
l
ure as
a
the t
forgings e
or bars. d
The test P
coupons o
shall be s
cooled t
at a rate W
similar e
to and l
no faster d
than the H
cooling e
rate a
represen t
tative of T
the test r
e
location
a
s and
t
shall be m
within e
25F n
(14C) t
and 20 s o
at all f
temperat T
ures e
after s
cooling t
begins. S
The test p
coupons e
shall be c
subsequ i
ently m
heat e
treated n
s
in
accorda (for
nce with ferritic
the steel
thermal forgings
treatmen and
ts below bars)E
the xcept for
critical carbon
temperat steel (P
ure Number
includin 1,
g Section
IX of
the the
Code) forgings
forgings and bars
and bars are
with a subjecte
nominal d during
thicknes postwel
s or d heat
diameter treatmen
of 2 in. t. The
(51 mm) total
or less, time at
the test temperat
specime ure(s)
ns shall for the
be given test
a heat specime
treatmen ns may
t to be
simulate perform
any ed in a
thermal single
treatmen cycle.
ts below A10.5
the .3.3
critical Prior to
temperat heat
ure that treatmen
the t in the
forgings simulato
and bars r unit,
may test
receive specime
during ns shall
fabricati be
on. The machine
simu- d to
lated standard
heat sizes
treatmen that
t shall have
utilize been
temperat determin
ures, ed to
times, allow
and adequate
cooling ly for
rates as subsequ
specie ent
d on the removal
order. of
The total decarb
time at and
oxidatio
temperat
n.
ure(s)
for the A10.5
test .3.4 At
material least one
shall be thermoc
at least ouple
80 % of per
the total specime
time at n shall
temperat be used
ure(s) to for
which continuo
us identic
recordin ation
g of shall be
temperat clearly
ure on shown
an on the
indepen- simulato
dent r chart
external and
temperat simulato
ure- r cycle
monitori record.
ng A10.5
source. .3.6 The
Due to simulato
the sen- r chart
sitivity shall be
and compare
design d to the
peculiari master
ties of chart for
accurate
the
reproduc
heating
tion of
chamber simulate
of d
certain quench
equipme in
nt, it is
mandato
ry that
the hot
junction
s of
control
and
monitori
ng
thermoc
ouples
always
be
placed
in the
same
relative
position
with
respect
to the
heating
source
(generall
y
infrared
lamps).
A10.5
.3.5
Each
individu
al
specime
n shall
be
identie
d, and
such
accorda A10.5
nce with .4.1 In
A10.5.3. the
2(a). If event of
any one a test
specime failure,
n is not retesting
heat shall be
treated handled
within in
the accordan
acceptab ce with
le limits rules set
of forth by
temperat the
ure and material
time, specic
such ation.
specime A10.5
n shall .4.2 If
be retesting
discarde is
d and permissi
replaced ble, a
by a new test
newly specime
machine n shall
d be heat
specime treated
n. the same
Docume as
ntation previous
of such ly. The
action producti
and on
reasons forging
for that it
deviatio represen
n from ts will
the have
master received
chart the same
shall be heat
shown treatmen
on the t. If the
simulato test
r chart, passes,
and on the
the forging
correspo shall be
nding acceptab
nonconf le. If it
ormance fails, the
report. forging
A10.5 shall be
.4 rejected
Rehe or shall
at be
Treat subject
ment to reheat
and treatmen
Retest t if
ing: permissi
ble.
 A10.5 specime
.4.3 If ns
reheat above.
treatmen (2)
t is Reheat
permissi treatmen
ble, t using a
proceed new heat
as treatmen
follows: t
(1) practice.
Reheat Any
treatmen change
t same in time,
as temperat
original ure, or
heat cooling
treatmen rate
t (time, shall
temperat constitut
ure, e a new
cooling heat
rate): treatmen
Using t
new test practice.
specime A new
ns from master
an area curve
as close shall be
as produce
possible d and
to the the
original simulati
specime on and
ns, testing
repeat shall
the proceed
austeniti as
ze and originall
quench y set
cycles forth.
twice, A10.5
followed .4.4 In
by the summati
temperin on, each
g cycle test
(double specime
quench n and its
and corre-
temper). spondin
The g
producti forging
on shall
forging receive
shall be identical
given heat
the treatmen
identical t or heat
double treatmen
quench t;
and otherwis
temper e the
as its testing
test
shall be maintain
invalid. ed and
A10.5 held for
.5 a period
Storage, of 10
Recall, years or
and as
Docume designed
ntation by the
of Heat- custome
Cycle r.
Simulati Informat
on ion shall
DataA be so
ll organize
records d that all
pertainin practices
g to can be
heat- veried
cycle by
simula- adequate
tion docume
shall be nted
records.

SUMMARY OF
CHANGES

Committee
A01 has
identied
the location
of selected
changes to
this standard
since the last
issue (A 370
03) that
may impact
the use of
this standard.
(Approved
Oct. 1,
2003.)

(
1
)

T
e
n
s
i
l
e

t
e
s
t
i
n
g
s
e
c
t
i
o
n

a
m
e
n
d
e
d

t
o

a
l
l
o
w

a
u
t
o
m
a
t
e
d

t
e
n
s
i
l
e

t
e
s
t
i
n
g
/
e
l
o
n
g
a
t
i
o
n

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t

a
s

d
e
s
c
r
i
b
e
d

i
n

T
e
s
t

M
e
t
h
o
d
s

8
.

48
 A 370 03a
Committee A01 has identied the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (A 370 02 e1) that may
impact the use of this standard. (Approved June 10, 2003.)

(1) Clarication of Section 13.2.1Offset Method.

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the
risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every ve years
and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional
standards and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair
hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
2959, United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the
above address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website
(www.astm.org).

49