Internship Report - Rayhan

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CHAPTER: 1
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction of the Study

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The primary purpose of this report is to get an idea about the operations of Janata Bank Limited,
a second-generation bank of the country and make an industry analysis on the banking sector of
Bangladesh.
Banks are profit - earning concern. The word Bank refers to the financial institution deals
with money transaction. Banks collect deposits at the lowest possible cost and provide loans and
advances at higher cost. The difference between two is the profit for the bank. Commercial banks
are the primary contributors to the country.
The revenue earning sources of banks are mainly loans and advances. The credit facility can be
of two types: funded and non-funded. Funded credit can be expensive for the banks, as the bank
has to pay interests. Non-funded credit includes Letter of Credit, which is the main source of
income for the foreign exchange business.
If a bank can increase its import and export transactions, its profit will obviously reach a higher
level, as the costs are negligible.
This report is an attempt to reflect the position of Janata Bank Limited in the banking industry
procedures, policies and activities with emphasis on foreign exchange business.
1.2 Background of the Study
After completion of 130 credit hours of BBA program demands a report on practical experience.
Internship program is a must criterion for Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) students,
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designed to put them in a challenging environment of the relevant field, where the students get
sample opportunity to apply their theoretical knowledge into practical applications. During the
internship training, students have the opportunity to adopt themselves into the particular
environment of the organization. It provides a unique opportunity to see the reality of business
during student life, which enables them to building confidence and working knowledge in
advance of the start of their career. To fulfill this requirement every university of business
arrange a program of internship. Here we get a chance to apply our theoretical knowledge that
we acquired from class lectures, books, journals, case studies, seminar, project, workshop, etc
and compare them with practical setting.
1.3 Rational of the Report
Bank is a financial institution, which accepts money from its customers as deposit and gives
money as loan to the borrowers. A bank is financial intermediary a dealer in loans and debts. ;
After completing my Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) as a student of Stamford
University, I wanted to complete my Internship program from a reputed Bank which would be
helpful for my future professional career. I got the opportunity to perform my internship in the
Janata Bank Limited. I was sent to Mohammadpur Corporate Branch. It was three months
practical orientation program. This report is originated as the requirement of Janata Bank
Limited
This is the last part of BBA program. As a graduated, it is essential to fulfill all, the requirements
the program demand. Only after preparing & submitting the report this program becomes
completed. Internship is highly needed to gain practical idea, knowledge and experience. I have
selected Foreign Exchange department of Janata Bank Limited because here all international
transaction occur through Import and Export. And anyone can easily trade with other foreign
countries through L/C. The report entitled Performance & Activities of Foreign Exchange of
Janata Bank Limited has been prepared as a partial fulfillment of BBA program authorized by
the supervisor, Faculty of Business administration, Stamford University. In todays world only
academic education does not make a student perfect to become competitive with the outside
world.
I had to prepare a report under the supervision of Arif Ahmed Imran of this course, Department
of Finance, Stamford University Bangladesh. On the other hand, in charge of foreign exchange
department of Janata Bank Limited (Mohammadpur Corporate Branch), supervised me in the
organization. As an intern, I got the opportunity to perform my internship in the JBL. I was sent
to Mohammadpur Corporate Branch. It was three months practical orientation program. This
report is originated as the requirement of JBL.
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1.4 Specific Objectives
To analyze the real Foreign Exchange performance of Bangladesh.
To know the Foreign Exchange Import and Export guideline, police, rules and regulation
of Bangladesh.
1.5 Scope of the Report

This study would focus on the following areas of Janata Bank Limited.
Actual Foreign Trade management of Janata Bank Limited.
Overview the current procedure of export & import management.
Opening LC and maintenance of other formalities of foreign trade.
Organizational structures and responsibilities of management.
Each of the above areas would be critically analyzed to determine the proper efficiency of
Janata Banks Foreign Trade Management system.

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1.6 Objective of the Study
Updating and liberalizing the trade regime in accordance with the needs and requirements of the
World Trade Organization and globalization;
Encouraging labor-intensive (especially female labor) export-oriented production;
Ensuring availability of raw materials for manufacturing export goods;
Increasing productivity and diversity of products;
Improving the quality of products; encouraging the use of modern, appropriate and
environment-friendly technology, producing high-end products, and improving the design
of the products;
Enhancing efficiency and dynamism by using e-Commerce and e-Governance;
Initiating new strategies for the expansion of the markets for export products, making
proper utilization of computer technology and encouraging all modern technologies
including e-Commerce;
Assisting the development of necessary infrastructure, particularly for backward and

forward linkages in order to encourage the production of exportable goods;
Providing all-out support to new exporters as well as to existing exporters;
Assisting the development of a skilled labor-force through proper training for managing
international trade; and providing adequate guidance to trade bodies, business
organizations, business people-and related individuals in understanding the changing
international trading system, etc.
1.7 Research Methodology

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Analysis techniques
Both qualitative and quantitative methods were applied for preparing this report. The data were
analyzed and presented by Microsoft excel and shows percentage, graphical presentation and
different types of charts. Best effort was given to analyze the numerical findings.
Required data
The main focus is on numerical data in preparing the report. Also theoretical portion of the report
has been used as the demand of the report. Analyzing foreign trade management of a bank, both
theoretical and technical knowledge are necessary for execution, then everything with accuracy.
Sources of data:
Sample information
Main source of the information is annual report of Janata Bank Limited, report of annual
meeting, brochures and web sites. The information incorporated in this report is heavily collected
both from the primary sources and as well as from the secondary sources.
Primary sources of data
The data collection has been accomplished directly from the different sectors of Janata Bank
head office. This is called primary source of data.
Secondary sources of data
The secondary data is collected from annual report, distinguished conceptual matters, websites
and several published matter as articles in different versions of printings.
Secondary Sources are:
Annual Reports of different years of Janata Bank Limited.
Bangladesh Bank web site

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Other published documents of Janata Bank Limited.
Janata Bank web site
Respective sectors of foreign matter of the head office.
1.8 Limitation of the Study
Time limitation:
It was one of the main constraints that affected covering all aspects of the study.
Lack of Secondary Information:
The import export data of Bangladesh is not much available over the net. Secondary source
of information was not sufficient for the completion of the report.
Limitation of the Study:
Much confidential information was not disclosed by respective personnel of the department.
CHAPTER: 2
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PROFILE OF JANATA BANK LIMITED

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2.1 Overview of the Janata Bank

JANATA Bank Limited welcomes you to explore the world of progressive Banking in
Bangladesh. It is a state owned commercial bank and is catering the need of the mass business
people. It was corporatized on 15th November 2007. Janata Bank was born with a new concept of
purposeful banking sub serving the growing and diversified financial needs of planned economic
development of the country.
Our commitment and the people's belief in us have given us the edge over others to earn this trust
about the safe keeping of their money in the right kind of banking channel.
Janata Bank Limited, one of the state owned commercial banks in Bangladesh, has an authorized
capital of Tk. 20000 million (approx. US$ 283.33 million), paid up capital of Tk. 5000.00
million, reserve of Tk.10823.01 million and retained surplus Tk. 5167.18 million. The Bank has
a total asset of Tk. 345233.92 million as on 31st December 2010. Immediately after the
emergence of Bangladesh in 1971, the erstwhile United Bank Limited and Union Bank Limited
were renamed as Janata Bank. On 15 th November, 2007 the bank has been corporatized and
renamed as Janata Bank Limited.
Janata Bank Limited operates through 874 branches including 4 overseas branches at
United Arab Emirates. It is linked with 1202 foreign correspondents all over the world.
The Bank employs more than 15(fifteen) thousand persons.
The mission of the bank is to actively participate in the socio- economic development of
the nation by operating a commercially sound banking organization, providing credit to
viable borrowers, efficiently delivered and competitively priced, simultaneously
protecting depositors funds and providing a satisfactory return on equity to the owners.
The Board of Directors is composed of 13 (Thirteen) members headed by a Chairman.

The Directors are representatives from both public and private sectors.
The Bank is headed by the Chief Executive Officer & Managing Director, who is a
reputed banker.
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2.2 Corporate Information
The corporate head office is located at Dhaka with 10 (ten) Divisions comprising of 38
(thirty eight) Departments.
Name : Janata Bank Limited

Registered Address : Janata Bhaban
110, Motijheel Commercial Area
Dhaka 1000. Bangladesh
Legal Status : Public Limited Company
Date of Incorporation : 21 May, 2007
Authorized Capital : TK. 20,000 Million
Paid up Capital : TK. 5,000 Million
Reserve : TK.10823.01 Million
Retained surplus : Tk. 5167.18 Million
Asset : Tk. 345233.92 Million
Face value of per share : TK. 100 per share
Shareholding Pattern : 100% Share owned by the
Government of Bangladesh
Domestic Network :
Numbers of Branch : 874
Numbers of Divisional Office : 08
Numbers of Area Office : 15
Numbers of Regional Office : 29

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Overseas Network :
Numbers of Branch : 04
Location : UAE Chief Executives office
Obeid Sayah Al Mansuri Building
Zayed the 1st Street (Electra Road)
Post Box No 2630 Abu Dhabi
United Arab Emirates
Subsidiaries :
1. Janata Capital and Investment Ltd.: Dhaka.
2. Janata Exchange Company srl. : Italy
Numbers of Correspondent : 1,215
Departments : 38
Numbers of Employees : More than 15(fifteen) thousand
Banking License (obtained from : 31 May, 2007
Bangladesh Bank)
Telex : 675840 JBDBJ, 671288 JBHOBJ
Phone : PABX- 9560000, 9566020, 9556245-49, 9565041-

45, 9560027-30.
Fax : 88-02-9564644, 9560869

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E-mail : md@janatabank-bd.com
Website : www.janatabank-bd.com
SWIFT Code : JANB BD DH
2.3 Overview of Janata Bhaban Corporate Branch

Branch Name : Janata Bhaban Corporate Branch
Opening Date : 18-05-1989
Address : Janata Bhaban 110, Motijheel C/A
Dhaka 1000. Bangladesh
Phone : 9560000, 9560039, 9566020,
9556245-49, 9560027-30, 9560042- 43,
9565041-45, 9566028-29
FAX : 9568624
E-mail : jbcb@janatabank-bd.com
SWIFT (Branch) : JANBBDDHJBC
Department :9
Total Number of Employees : 139
2.4 International Award

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Recently The Bank has been recognized internationally and domestically for its good
performance.
International Award-The Bank of the year-2011 in Bangladesh
Janata Bank Limited has been awarded The Bank of the Year-2011 in Bangladesh by the
London based Financial Magazine The Banker of the Financial Times Group. This is for the
sixth time the bank has been awarded The Bank of the Year. Janata Bank Limited achieved
remarkable progress in the year 2010.
ICMAB Best Corporate Award-2011
Janata Bank Limited has been awarded ICMAB Best Corporate Award - 2011 by the Institute
of Cost and Management Accountants of Bangladesh. This Bank secured the first position among
the state owned Commercial Banks in Bangladesh.
International Award -"World's Best Bank Award-2009 in Bangladesh
Janata Bank Limited was awarded Best Bank-Bangladesh in the Global Finance, World's Best
Bank Awards, 2009 by New York based Financial Magazine "Global Finance". "Global Finance"
has identified winning banks based on number of criteria including growth in Assets,
Profitability, Strategic relationships, Customer Service, Competitive pricing and innovative
products.
Profitability, Strategic relationships, Customer Service, Competitive pricing and innovative
products.
Profitability, Customer Service, Product innovation and Advanced Technology.
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Profitability, Customer Service, Product innovation and Advanced Technology.
International Award The Bank of the year-2005 in Bangladesh
Janata Bank Limited has been awarded The Bank of the Year-2005 in Bangladesh by the
London based Financial Magazine the Banker of the Financial Times Group. This is for the fifth
time the bank has been awarded The Bank of the Year. The award has been given considering
the growth and performance measure of the bank.
International Award -The Bank of the Year-2004 in Bangladesh
Janata Bank Limited has been awarded as 'The bank of the year 2004 in Bangladesh' by the
London based Financial Magazine The Banker of the Financial Times Group. This is for the
second consecutive year that the Janata Bank Limited has been awarded 'Bank of the year'.
Janata Bank Limited shows a remarkable progress in the year 2003. Its return on assets was
1.36% and return on investment was 6.47% respectively. Janata Bank Limited is also emerging
as the strong and innovative bank within the country. The profile of its success is enriched by a
package of new qualitative product lines, prudent liability and assets management and others.
Most of the key financial indicators of the bank showed a very positive improvement at the year
ended December 2003.
Janata Bank Limited receives "Asian Banking Awards 2004" on financing Program for
Women Entrepreneurship:
Financing program for Women Entrepreneurship of Janata Bank Limited has highly been
commended as a Runner-Up in the Micro-Finance Product or Program category of the Asian
Banking awards 2004. The Awards were presented by the Asian Bankers Association (ABA) and
Bank Marketing Association of the Philippines (BMAP) in the Asia Pacific Bankers Congress
(APBC) 2004 on March 26, 2004 in Manila, Philippines.
Janata Bank Limited gets The Banker Award-2003
The Banker, an International Banking Magazine of the Financial Times group in London has
selected Janata Bank Limited as The Bank of the Year, 2003 among all other banks in
Bangladesh. The Bankers assessment for award is based on a number of criteria.
International Award-The Bank of the Year-2002
The Banker, a magazine of the London based Financial Times Group of Companies, has voted
Janata Bank Limited as the bank of the year for Bangladesh for 2002. While making this
selection the panel has recognized the efforts made by Janata Bank Limited in recent times for
Improving IT based performances.
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International Award-The Bank of the Year-2001
The Banker, a magazine of the London based Financial Times Group of Companies, has voted
Janata Bank Limited as the bank of the year for Bangladesh for 2001. While making this
selection the panel has recognized the efforts made by Janata Bank Limited in recent times for
improving its performances. The bank has also been included in the listing of top 200 Asian
Banks for the year 2001. This listing will be available to delegates attending the forthcoming
IMF/World Bank meeting in Washington. The September edition of the Banker will also
highlight the recent achievements of Janata Bank Limited. Besides, a certificate of merit and a
bank of the year logo will be given to Janata Bank Limited for exclusive use on all publicity and
advertising.
It may be noted here that Janata Bank Limited has been working hard in improving the customer
services in recent times by introducing a number of IT-based reform measures.
2.5 Branches
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List of Region/Area of Janata Bank Limited
Figure 1: Branches of Janata bank limited
2.6 Corporate structure
Figure 2: Corporate
2.7 Corporate Vision-Mission

structure of JBL
Vision
To become the effective largest commercial bank in Bangladesh to support socio-economic

development of the country and to be a leading bank in South Asia.
Values
C O r g a n i
a l 17
iS t r u c t u
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i
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c r V
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r r e a n d
D
e w
u in v i tP r l
t aeg y o f t u
b ri rli e s h e
mH i e r a r c
i t syt i
y
t y
o
s
n
i s
a l i
a h y m
s
n
Mission
Figure 3: Values of JBL
Janata Bank Limited will be an effective commercial bank by maintaining a stable growth
strategy, delivering high quality financial products, providing excellent customer service through
an experienced management team and ensuring good corporate governance in every step of
banking network.
2.8 Corporate Governance
Corporate Governance of Janata Bank Ltd. Is defined as the framework by which the bank is
directed and controlled and the relationships between the management, the Board of Directors,
Shareholders and other stakeholders such as employees, clients and lenders. The aim of the
Corporate Governance framework is to ensure disclosure and transparency, to define the
responsibilities of the board and the management, to define the rights and role of shareholders
and stakeholders, to ensure the equitable treatment and to avoid conflicts of interests. It is the
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behalf of the management and the Board that banks lend money that is in effect borrowed from
depositors and the failure of banks could result in a monetary loss for the depositors. The
interest of depositors should be protected and for this reason amongst others, the importance of
corporate governance of banks differs from that of other companies and needs special attention.
The bank adopted the following strategies and techniques to ensure the application of corporate
governance in attaining its objectives with efficiency and transparency. The following are in
place in order to ensure corporate good governance of Janata Bank.
CHAPTER: 3
GENERAL BANKING
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3.1 Introduction
General banking department is the heart of all banking activities. This is the busiest and
important department of a branch, because funds are mobilized, cash transactions are made;
clearing, remittance and accounting activities are done here.
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Since bank is confined to provide the services every day, general banking is also known as retail
banking. In JBL, the following departments are under general banking section:
Account opening section
Deposit section
Cash section
Remittance section
Clearing section
Accounts section
3.2 Account Opening
Opening of an account binds the banker and into a contractual relationship. Customer
relationship establish through opening an account. Generally who are receiving banks service
we may call them as a customer. But bank consider them as a customer who have an account
with them.
3.3 Procedure for opening an account
Major informations are essential for identification of the account holders individually so that
banker can discharge his obligations to everyone correctly and to the extent due. Following are
the customer must complete the formalities
Application on the prescribed form

Furnishing photographs (2 copies)
Introduction by an account holder
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Recording of specimen signature in the specimen card

Mention nominee on the prescribed form
Furnishing nominees photograph (one copy)
National ID card or Passport (Photo copy)
3.4 Deposit Section
Deposit is the lifeblood of a bank. From the history and origin of the banking system we know
that deposit collection is the main function of a bank.
3.5 Cash Section
Banks, as a financial institution, accept surplus money from the people as deposit and give them
opportunity to withdraw the same by cheque, etc. But among the banking activities, cash
department play an important role. It does the main function of a commercial bank i.e. receiving
the deposit and paying the cash on demand. As this department deals directly with the customers,
the reputation of the bank depends much on it.
3.6 Remittance
Carrying cash money is troublesome and risky. Thats why money can be transferred from one
place to another through banking channel. This is called remittance. Remittances of funds are
one of the most important aspects of the Commercial Banks in rendering services to its
customers.
3.7 Clearing Section

The amount of Cheque, Pay Order (P.O), and Demand Draft (D.D.) Collection of amount of
other banks on behalf of its customer is a basic function of a Clearing Department.
3.8 Products of the Bank

Deposit Products:
Current Deposit Account

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Short Term Deposit
Savings Bank Deposit Account
Fixed Deposit
Foreign Currency Deposit
Monthly Savings Scheme
Monthly Profit Based Savings Scheme
Janata Bank Savings Pension Scheme (JBSPS)
Janata Bank Deposit Scheme (JBDS)
Education Deposit Scheme (EDS)
Medical Deposit Scheme (MDS)
Janata Bank Monthly Savings Scheme (JBMSS)
Janata Bank Special Deposit Scheme (JBSDS)
Janata Bank School Banking Savings Karjakram
New/Special Products:
Financing IT Sector
Financing of Industries
Ready Cash
Windows for SMEs
Loan to Travel Agencies

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Loan to Diagnostic Centers
NRB Escrow Account
NRB Gift Cheque
Description of the New Products and services
Financing IT sector
The importance of Information Technology and the role it can play in the socio-
economic development of a nation cannot be over emphasized. The world has
witnessed a phenomenal growth in IT over the last two decades, and the countries,
which made a conscious decision to take advantage of such growth, have made
unprecedented progress. Today we are living in the Internet world. To hasten the
growth of information Technology and to attract young energetic IT professional
Janata Bank Limited has launched a credit scheme titled Financing Computer
Software Development & Data Export. The maximum loan amount is Tk. 10
million, with debt to equity ratio being 80 : 20. The rate of interest is 11%. But
anybody with export market exposure can get the benefit at 7% interest rate plus
1% service charge. The main feature of this scheme is to set up industrial based IT
projects for development of software for data export and that took on a very soft
term. Janata Bank Limited has issued detailed guidelines for facilitating IT
entrepreneurs.
Ready Cash
Janata Bank Limited has entered into an agreement with American International
Investment (AII) to provide financial plastic card services to Janata Bank Limited's
clients. This product is a "Debit Card" called the Ready Cash.
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Currently, the Ready Cash system is operating in Dhaka and will soon be expanded to
other urban areas of Bangladesh.
Cardholders primary benefits are Safety, Shopping at a wide merchant network, Payment
of Utility Bills, flexible saving plan and the convenience of not having to carry cash.
As the only micro-processor chip based debit card available in Bangladesh for financial
payment, the Ready Cash card is very reliable and secure.
It combines the most desirable aspects of the credit card, together with the advantages of
the Debit or ATM card.
It is the first step that most Bangladeshi citizens will take on the path to a cashless
economy.
Ready Cash is a debit card as it allows the cardholder to spend no more money than
he/she has in his/her Bank account unless a credit line has been extended.
It increases the consumption base and allows the cardholder to establish a credit
history.
For these and many other reasons, the Ready Cash card is the fastest growing system
in Bangladesh.
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CHAPTER: 4
LOANS AND ADVANCES
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4.1 Loans and Advances Section
This is survival unit of the bank. The reason is, until and unless the success of this section, the
survival is a big question. This is main earning unit of the bank. Banks accepts deposits from the
depositors in condition of providing interest to the depositors in condition of providing interest to
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them. Now the question is how bank provides interest to their clients. The simple answer is
interest from advances. The bank provides interest to the borrowers because:
To earn interest from borrowers and give depositors the interests get bank. The rest are
the profit of the bank.
To accelerate economic development.
Ro meet the interest groups.
Credit is a continuous process. Recovery of one credit gives rise to another credit. In this process
of revolving fund, bank earns income in the form of interest. A bank can invest its fund in many
ways. Bank provides loans and advances to traders, businessmen and industrialists. Moreover,
nature of credit may differ in terms of security requirement, disbursement provision, terms and
conditions etc.
Bank often uses loans and advances as an alternative to one another. But, academically this
concept is incorrect. Academically, Advances is the combination such items where loans is a
part only. For this credit section of the banks is known as advance section.
Advance division is heart for any bank. A big portion of income of the Janata Bank Ltd is comes
from this advance division. This income comes from different types of investment of depository
money. Investment decision is the most important which is taken by the management of the
Janata bank Ltd. JBL advance division plays a vital role for economical development.
JBL has an investment committee they are responsible following things:
To ensure the cash liquidity requirement and can this cash liquidity meet.
To identify new investment portfolio and this is profitable for the Janata Bank.
To examine banks deposit, investment and identify their surplus money. They should be
active for recovery their substandard, doubtful and bed loan.
They should be take short-term investment but this investment return is comparably high.
They should aware about market study and existing portfolio of investment.
They should aware to identify new sources of investment.
JBL invests in two ways which is
Head office investment.

Branch investment.
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Types of loan:
By the name of loans are three types. Following describe different types of loan by a structure
1. Current Loan:
a) Cash Credit: Hypo & Pledge.
b) SOD: General and FDR.
2. Demand Loan:
a) Import: LTR, LIM & PAD.
b) Export: IDBP, FDBP, ABP & PC.
3. Term Loan:
a) HBL. b) EHBL, c) CCS & d) Car Loan.
4.2 Credit Facilities and Programs
4.3 General Credit Line
The main focus of Janata Bank Limited Credit Line/Program is financing business, trade and
industrial activities through an effective delivery system.
Janata Bank Limited offers credit to almost all sectors of commercial activities having
productive purpose.
The loan portfolio of the Bank encompasses a wide range of credit programs covering about
200 items.
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Credit is also offered to 15 (fifteen) thrust sectors, as earmarked by the Government, at a

reduced interest rate to develop frontier industries.
Credit facilities are offered to individuals, businessmen, small and big business houses,
traders, manufactures, corporate bodies, etc.
Loan is provided to the rural people for agricultural production and other off-farm activities.
Loan pricing system is customer friendly.
Prime customers enjoy prime rate in lending and other services.
Quick appreciation, appraisal, decision and disbursement are ensured.
Credit facilities are extended as per guide-lines of Bangladesh Bank (Central Bank of
Bangladesh) and operational procedures of the Bank.
4.4 Rural Banking Credit Program
A vast majority of the Bangladeshis live in the rural areas and their main source of income is
agriculture and agro-business. Janata Bank Limited has opened branches in rural areas to cater to
the banking needs of rural people. Apart from accepting deposits from the rich and moderately
well-off villagers, Janata Bank Limited encourages the poor people to make small savings
through different mechanisms.
So far lending in rural areas is concerned; Janata Bank Limited has been financing agricultural
production and poverty alleviation programs since 1977. It also lends to the poor landless so
that they can make a living. The average loan size is about Taka 20,000.00 (around US$ 285).
Rural Banking / Credit Program:

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To increase agricultural production and improvement its quality.
To gear up socio-economic activities among rural people.
To create employment opportunities among rural people through providing economic

support.
Creating confidence among the beneficiaries on institutional credit and their access to
improved production practices / activities.
To build up asset by creating saving habit among the rural population.
Poverty reduction.
To increase agricultural production and improvement its quality.
To gear up socio-economic activities among rural people.
To create employment opportunities among rural people through providing economic

support.
Creating confidence among the beneficiaries on institutional credit and their access to
improved production practices / activities.
To build up asset by creating saving habit among the rural population.
Poverty reduction
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The main features of the major agricultural / rural credit programs are
narrated below:
1. Special agricultural credit program / Short term crop production loan program:
01. Purpose of loan : Sanctioning of loan to farmers for crop production.
02. Area of operation : Unions allocated by Bangladesh Bank under Lead Bank System.
03. Eligibility of loanee : Farmer possessing 161/2 - 250 decimals of cultivable land or share
croppers.
04. Sanctioning : Branch Manager is sanctioning loan as per credit norms.

Authority
05. Security : Crop hypothecation and personal guarantee of the borrowers.
06. Rate of interest : 8%.
07. Duration of loan : 6 months to 9 months, Maximum 12 months.
08. Mode of : In cash in a single installment.

disbursement
09. Repayment of loan : Repayable at a time after harvesting and marketing of crops.
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Table 1: Special agricultural credit program / Short term crop production loan program
2. Horticulture development loan program:
01 Purpose of loan : To extend financial help to the farmers who are interested to
. cultivate betel-leaf, banana, pine apple etc.
02 Area of operation : Allocated unions under Lead Bank System

.
03 Eligibility of : Genuine farmer.

. loanee
04 Sanctioning Branch Manager is sanctioning loan as per credit norms.

. Authority
05 Security : Hypothecation of produced crops and personal guarantee.

.
06 Rate of interest : 8%.

.
07 Duration of loan : Maximum 11/2 year from the date of disbursement.

.
08 Mode of : Loan is disbursed in cash in a single or more than one installment.

. disbursement
09 Repayment of loan : Repayable in weekly / monthly / a single installment after crop

. harvesting and marketing
Table 2: Horticulture development loan program

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3 (A) Fishery Loan Program:
01. Purpose of loan : To increase fish production in pond and to create employment
opportunity for pond owners and lease holders by providing
credit for pond re-excavation and fish cultivation.
02. Area of operation : Allocated unions under Lead Bank System.
03. Eligibility of : a) Pond owner

loanee b) Lease holder of pond.
04. Security : Pond, in case of pond owner and other properties in case of lease
holder are being taken as a registered mortgage.
06. Duration of loan : 41/2 years
07. Mode of : Loan is disbursed in installments.

disbursement
08. Repayment of loan : Entire amount of loan with interest is repayable by 4 equal
installments. First installment is due for recovery after 18
months from the date of disbursement.
Table 3: Fishery Loan Program
3. (B) Shrimp Culture Credit Program:
01. Purpose of :
loan To encourage the shrimp cultivator to produce more shrimps by utilizing
modern production practices in order to earn more foreign exchange.
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02. Eligibility of : Individual / Group / Cooperative society are eligible for loan.
loanee
03. Security : Hypothecation of produced shrimp. Collateral security such as land &
building are being taken as a registered mortgage.
05. Duration of loan : 10 months.
06. Mode of : (a) Loan is disbursed in 2/3 installments from January to March.
disbursement (b) Cash credit (C/C) is disbursed as per usual practice of bank
for the10 (ten) acres of land or above.
07. Repayment of : (a) Loan is repaid by 4 equal monthly installments from July to
loan October.
(b) Cash credit is adjustable 3(three) times within 1(one) year.
Table 4: Shrimp Culture Credit Program
4. Irrigation & Agricultural Equipment Credit Program.
01 Purpose of loan Loan is given for the purchase of irrigation equipments i.e Shallow
. : Tube Well (STW), Low Lift Pump(LLP), Deep Tube Well (DTW) etc &
Agriculture equipment i.e Tractor, Power Tiller etc. to increase
agricultural production.
02 Area of operation Allocated unions under Lead Bank. System.

. :
03 Eligibility of Owner of at least 0.5 acre of land in case of irrigation equipment loan
. loanee : and genuine farmer in case of agricultural equipment loan are eligible.
35
04 Security a) Hypothecation of equipments purchased by loan money.

. : b) Registered mortgage of land & building which is equivalent to loan
amount.
05 Rate of interest
8%
. :
Loan is disbursed to the supplier through Pay-order against bill.

06 Mode of
. disbursement :
07 Repayment of loan Entire loan amount with interest is repayable by 11 equal half yearly
. : installments within 6(six) years with a grace period of 6(six) months.
Table 5: Irrigation & Agricultural Equipment Credit Program
4.5 SME
Janata Bank Limited has been financing Small and Medium Enterprises with a view to
developing a balanced and dynamic industrial sector having a strong base of SMEs
throughout the country.
Besides normal financing special tailor-made programs are undertaken by the Bank.
Under this program a credit line has been extended to MIDAS while another program is
under way.
36
CHAPTER: 5
FOREIGN EXCHANGE OPERATION OF JANATA
BANK LIMITED
5.1 Foreign Exchange

37
Foreign exchange is the means and methods by which rights to wealth in a countrys
currency are converted into rights to wealth in another countrys currency. Foreign
Exchange Department (FED) is the international department Bangladesh Bank issues
license to scheduled banks to deal with foreign exchange. These banks are known as
Authorized Dealers. If the branch is authorized dealer in foreign exchange market, it can
remit foreign exchange from local country to foreign countries.
Foreign exchange means foreign currency and includes:
All deposits, credits and balances payable in any foreign currency and any drafts,
travelers
cheques, letters of credit and bills of exchange, expressed or drawn in Indian currency
but Payable in any foreign currency;
Any instrument payable, at the option of the drawee or holder thereof or any other party
thereto. Either in Indian currency or in foreign currency or partly in one and partly in the
other. Thus, foreign exchange includes foreign currency; balances kept abroad and
instruments payable in foreign currency.
5.2 Foreign Exchange Business

The Foreign Exchange department of the bank provides various foreign exchange services,
which are:
Foreign Remittance
Import
Export
5.3 Remittance
Remittance means sending or transfer money or money-worth from one place to another.
Generally the process of remittance can be divided into two major categories:
Inward Remittance
38
Outward Remittance
5.4 Foreign remittance

Foreign remittance section of Janata Bank Ltd, Mohammadpur Corporate Branch is an integral
part of Foreign Exchange Department. And this section of Foreign Exchange Department deals
with
Inward foreign remittance

Outward foreign remittance
Opening Foreign Currency Accounts.
Governing Wage Earners Bond.
Opening Student File etc.
Medical Purpose
Travels Purpose
Inward Foreign Remittance:

Normally, Inward Foreign Remittance comprises all incoming foreign currencies. Remittances
issued by the correspondent banks situated in the foreign countries and thereby drawn on Janata
Bank, Mohammadpur Corporate Branch are considered to be its Inward Foreign Remittances.
Followings are the Inward Foreign Remittances, Janata Bank Mohammadpur Corporate Branch.
FDD Payable
FTT Payable
TC Payable
Encashment of foreign currencies endorsed in the passport.
Purchase of foreign currencies.
Outward foreign Remittances:

39
Remittances issued by Janata Bank Mohammadpur Corporate Branch to their foreign

correspondents to fulfill their customers needs are considered to be the Outward Foreign
Remittances. It comprises the followings:
FDD Issued
FTT Issued
TC Issued
Endorsement of foreign currencies in the passport.
Sale of foreign currencies.
Foreign Demand Draft (FDD) Issued:

People used to send money abroad for various purposes. JBL issues most of the FDD for the
purpose of payment of the application fees to the foreign universities. For the issuance of FDD;
T/M Form has to be filled up duly. This form is filled up under the Foreign Exchange Regulation
Act, 1947. This form contains
The purpose of travel,
Name of the country where the applicant will go,
Name of the air or shipping company,
Passport number,
Signature, name & address of the applicant
Accounting Treatment:
JBL gives the following entries while issuing FDD:
Clients Account/ Cash Dr.

Commission Cr.
IDT Cr.
Travelers Cheque (TC) Issued:
JBL issues only American Express Travelers Cheque (TC). For TC, customer has to fill up T/M
form. He has to fill up the purchase form also. For TC, JBL charges commission.
40
Procedure for issuing TC

There are some requirements that are to be fulfilled by the Travelers Cheque purchaser. The
requirements are:
i) The client must be an account holder or proper reference from the bank is required
ii) The passport must be a valid one
iii) Air ticket has to be confirmed
iv) Passport holder must be present physically
Steps involved in issuing of TC:

1) After verifying all these documents the customer is asked to fill up prescribed application
form.
2) In the application the customer states the amount he is willing to endorse and it is to be
verified that his required amount is within the stipulated.
3) Then the customer pays cash or by debiting his account the Travelers Cheque is issued.
4) Endorsement is given on the passport and on the ticket. Customer fills up the T/M Form.
5) Purchased application form has to be filled up by the purchaser.
6) Entry has to be given in the Foreign Currency Register and in the Travelers Cheque
Register.
Following Documents must be retained form the clients :

Photocopy of passport
T/M form (Travel & Miscellaneous)
Others Copy of government order (in case of government employee)
Copy of invitation letter if issuance is against conference/training quota
Endorsement of Cash:
Cash foreign currency can also be remitted through the cash endorsement in the passport. In case
of endorsing cash in the passport, the requirements are similar to those of Travelers Cheque. But
according to the foreign exchange Regulation Act, 1947 an individual cannot take more than
$1500.00 in cash in a year. Thats why; the concerned officer checks the last voyage of the
41
purchaser. If he/she made any voyage and if he/she purchased dollar at that time, then the officer
will deduct the amount and will give the rest to the purchaser.
JBL cannot endorse more than $1500.00 as cash at a time. For more than $1500.00, the customer
has to purchase TC. For cash endorsement SEBL maintains a separate register. For giving cash
foreign currency, JBL charges Tk. 200.00 as service charge per passport.
Foreign TT Payable:
Foreign remittance section also pays the claim of the foreign TT. After receiving TT payable,
SEBL performs the following functions:
1) Customer has to fill up a C Form if the amount exceeds $2000.00. C Form
describes the purpose of sending the TT.
2) The dollar amount comes to the Head office of JBL through American Express, New
York.
3) JBL, Mohammadpur corporate branch sells the dollar to Head Office and collects the
money in local currency.
Student File Opening:

Student can endorse $200.00 at a time in his own name. But if the amount exceeds $200.00, then
the student has to open a student file. For opening a student file, the following documents are
required:
Preliminary application and information for admission.

Letter of approval by the university of the student.
A filled-in application form for foreign currency in abroad.
Transcript of Records given for the last degree by the university.
Certificate given by the Board for S.S.C. / H.S.C. or equivalent examination.
A photocopy of I-20 form.
42
In case of tuition fees, applicant must send the currency in favor of the institute. He cannot take
the fees of the institute with him personally. Usually a student has to endorse at least one third of
the fees of a year.
5.5 Private Remittance
Foreign nationals leaving Bangladesh permanently after expiry of period of service in terms of
relevant employment contracts may transfer abroad their genuine savings out of salaries/benefits
clearly stated in the employment contracts duly approved by the Board of Investment (BOI).
They shall also be eligible to transfer abroad the retirement benefits such as provident fund,
pension, and gratuity due as per employment contracts approved by the BOI.
1. The ADs may, without prior approval of Bangladesh Bank, effect remittance of
retirement benefits and savings including sale proceeds of investments in government
securities (but not including sale proceeds of real assets such as household articles, real
estates and other real assets, requests if any for remittance of such sale proceeds should
be forwarded to Bangladesh Bank).
5.6 Foreign Exchange Accounts
Nostro Account:
Nostro account means our account with you. A Nostro account is a foreign currency account of
a bank maintained by its foreign correspondents abroad. For example, US Dollar Account of
Southeast Bank Limited is maintained with Citibank, N.A, New York, USA is a Nostro account
43
of Southeast Bank Limited i.e. from the point of view of Southeast Bank Limited, it is their
Nostro Account.
Vostro Account:
Vostro account means your account with us. The account maintained with foreign
correspondent in a bank of a particular country is known as Vostro account. For example, State
Bank of Indias Taka account maintained with Southeast Bank Limited Dhaka is the vostro a/c
i.e. from the point of view of Southeast Bank Limited it is a vostro account held for state bank of
India.
What is the Nostro account for a bank in a particular country is a Vostro account for the bank
abroad maintaining the account thus the account of Southeast Bank Limited with Standard
Charted Bank, London regarded as its Nostro account held with Standard Charted Bank, while
Standard Charted Bank, London regards it as its Vostro account held for Southeast Bank
Limited.
Loro Account:
Loro account means their account with you. Account maintained by third party is known as
Loro account; suppose Southeast Bank Limited is maintaining an account with Citi Bank N.A
New York and at the same time Janata Bank is also maintaining a nostro account with Citi Bank
N.A New York. From the point of view of Southeast Bank Limited Janata Banks account
maintained with Citi Bank N.A New York is the Loro account.
Comparison foreign remittance Janata Bank Ltd Mohammad Corporate Branch from 2007-2011
Foreign Remittance of Janata Bank Ltd
Year (Taka In Lac)
2007 489.04
2008 689.34
2009 994.05
44
2010 552.21
2011 573.13
Table 6: Foreign Remittance of Janata Bank Ltd
Foreign Remittance of JBL

1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Figure 4: Foreign remittance of JBL

5.7 Letter of Credit (L/C) Documentary
Introduction
Collection
Letter of Credit L/C also known as Documentary Credit is a widely used term to make payment
secure in domestic and international trade. The document is issued by a financial organization at
the buyer request. Buyers also provide the necessary instructions in preparing the document.
45
The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) in the Uniform Custom and Practice for
Documentary Credit (UCPDC) defines L/C as:
"An arrangement, however named or described, whereby bank (the Issuing bank) acting at the
request and on the instructions of a customer (the Applicant) or on its own behalf:
Is to make a payment to or to the order third party (the beneficiary) or is to accept bills of
exchange (drafts) drawn by the beneficiary.
Authorized another bank to effect such payments or to accept and pay such bills of exchange
(draft).
Authorized another bank to negotiate against stipulated documents provided that the terms are
complied with.
A key principle underlying letter of credit (L/C) is that banks deal only in documents and not in
goods. The decision to pay under a letter of credit will be based entirely on whether the
documents presented to the bank appear on their face to be in accordance with the terms and
conditions of the letter of credit.
Parties to Letters of Credit
Applicant (Opener):
Applicant who is also referred to as account party is normally a buyer or customer of the goods,
who has to make payment to beneficiary. LC is initiated and issued at his request and on the
basis of his instructions.
Issuing Bank (Opening Bank):
The issuing bank is the one which create a letter of credit and takes the responsibility to make the
payments on receipt of the documents from the beneficiary or through their banker. The
payments have to be made to the beneficiary within seven working days from the date of receipt
of documents at their end, provided the documents are in accordance with the terms and
conditions of the letter of credit. If the documents are discrepant one, the rejection thereof to be
communicated within seven working days from the date of receipt of documents at their end.
Beneficiary:
Beneficiary is normally stands for a seller of the goods, who has to receive payment from the
applicant. A credit is issued in his favor to enable him or his agent to obtain payment on
surrender of stipulated document and comply with the term and conditions of the L/C.
If L/C is a transferable one and he transfers the credit to another party, then he is referred to as
the first or original beneficiary.
46
Advising Bank:
An Advising Bank provides advice to the beneficiary and takes the responsibility for sending the
documents to the issuing bank and is normally located in the country of the beneficiary.
Confirming Bank:
Confirming bank adds its guarantee to the credit opened by another bank, thereby undertaking
the responsibility of payment/negotiation acceptance under the credit, in additional to that of the
issuing bank. Confirming bank play an important role where the exporter is not satisfied with the
undertaking of only the issuing bank.
Negotiating Bank:
The Negotiating Bank is the bank who negotiates the documents submitted to them by the
beneficiary under the credit either advised through them or restricted to them for negotiation. On
negotiation of the documents they will claim the reimbursement under the credit and makes the
payment to the beneficiary provided the documents submitted are in accordance with the terms
and conditions of the letters of credit.
Reimbursing Bank:
Reimbursing Bank is the bank authorized to honor the reimbursement claim in settlement of
negotiation/acceptance/payment lodged with it by the negotiating bank. It is normally the bank
with which issuing bank has an account from which payment has to be made.
Second Beneficiary:
Second Beneficiary is the person who represents the first or original Beneficiary of credit in his
absence. In this case, the credits belonging to the original beneficiary is transferable. The rights
of the transferee are subject to terms of transfer.
5.8 Types of Letter of Credit

1.
Revocable Letter of Credit L/C
A revocable letter of credit may be revoked or modified for any reason, at any time by the
issuing bank without notification. It is rarely used in international trade and not considered
satisfactory for the exporters but has an advantage over that of the importers and the issuing
bank.
There is no provision for confirming revocable credits as per terms of UCPDC, Hence they
47
cannot be confirmed. It should be indicated in LC that the credit is revocable. if there is no such
indication the credit will be deemed as irrevocable.
2. Irrevocable Letter of Credit L/C
In this case it is not possible to revoke or amended a credit without the agreement of the issuing
bank, the confirming bank, and the beneficiary. Form an exporters point of view it is believed
to be more beneficial. An irrevocable letter of credit from the issuing bank insures the
beneficiary that if the required documents are presented and the terms and conditions are
complied with, payment will be made.
3. Confirmed Letter of Credit L/C
Confirmed Letter of Credit is a special type of L/C in which another bank apart from the issuing
bank has added its guarantee. Although, the cost of confirming by two banks makes it costlier,
this type of L/C is more beneficial for the beneficiary as it doubles the guarantee.
4. Sight Credit and Usance Credit L/C
Sight credit states that the payments would be made by the issuing bank at sight, on demand or
on presentation. In case of usance credit, drafts are drawn on the issuing bank or the
correspondent bank at specified usance period. The credit will indicate whether the usance drafts
are to be drawn on the issuing bank or in the case of confirmed credit on the confirming bank.
5. Back to Back Letter of Credit L/C
Back to Back Letter of Credit is also termed as Countervailing Credit. A credit is known as back
to back credit when an L/C is opened with security of another L/C.
A back to back credit which can also be referred as credit and counter credit is actually a method
of financing both sides of a transaction in which a middleman buys goods from one customer and
sells them to another.
6. Transferable Letter of Credit L/C
A transferable documentary credit is a type of credit under which the first beneficiary which is
usually a middleman may request the nominated bank to transfer credit in whole or in part to the
second beneficiary.
The L/C does state clearly mentions the margins of the first beneficiary and unless it is specified
the L/C cannot be treated as transferable. It can only be used when the company is selling the
product of a third party and the proper care has to be taken about the exit policy for the money
transactions that take place.
48
This type of L/C is used in the companies that act as a middle man during the transaction but
dont have large limit. In the transferable L/C there is a right to substitute the invoice and the
whole value can be transferred to a second beneficiary. The first beneficiary or middleman has
rights to change the following terms and conditions of the letter of credit:
Reduce the amount of the credit.
Reduce unit price if it is stated.
Make shorter the expiry date of the letter of credit.
Make shorter the last date for presentation of documents.
Make shorter the period for shipment of goods.
Increase the amount of the cover or percentage for which insurance cover must be effected.
Substitute the name of the applicant (the middleman) for that of the first beneficiary (the buyer).
Standby Letter of Credit L/C
Initially used by the banks in the United States, the standby letter of credit is very much similar
in nature to a bank guarantee. The main objective of issuing such a credit is to secure bank
loans. Standby credits are usually issued by the applicants bank in the applicants country and
advised to the beneficiary by a bank in the beneficiarys country.
Unlike a traditional letter of credit where the beneficiary obtains payment against documents
evidencing performance, the standby letter of credit allow a beneficiary to obtains payment from
a bank even when the applicant for the credit has failed to perform as per bond.
5.9 Import Operations under L/C
The Import Letter of Credit guarantees an exporter payment for goods or services, provided the
terms of the letter of credit have been met.
A bank issue an import letter of credit on the behalf of an importer or buyer under the following
Circumstances
When a importer is importing goods within its own country.
When a trader is buying good from his own country and sells it to the country for the
purpose of merchandizing trade.
49
When an Indian exporter who is executing a contract outside his own country requires
importing goods from a third country to the country where he is executing the contract.
The first category of the most common in the day to day banking Fees and Reimbursements
The different charges/fees payable under import L/C is briefly as follows:
1. The issuing bank charges the applicant fees for opening the letter of credit. The fee charged
depends on the credit of the applicant, and primarily comprises of :
(a) Opening Charges
This would comprise commitment charges and usance charged to be charged upfront for the
period of the L/C. The fee charged by the L/C opening bank during the commitment period is
referred to as commitment fees. Commitment period is the period from the opening of the letter
of credit until the last date of negotiation of documents under the L/C or the expiry of the L/C,
whichever is later. Usance is the credit period agreed between the buyer and the seller under the
letter of credit. This may vary from 7 days usance (sight) to 90/180 days. The fee charged by
bank for the usance period is referred to as usance charges.
(b) Retirement Charges
1. This would be payable at the time of retirement of LCs. LC opening bank

scrutinizes the bills under the LCs according to UCPDC guidelines , and
levies charges based on value of goods.
2. The advising bank charges an advising fee to the beneficiary unless stated
otherwise the fees could vary depending on the country of the beneficiary.
The advising bank charges may be eventually borne by the issuing bank or
reimbursed from the applicant.
3. The applicant is bounded and liable to indemnify banks against all

obligations and responsibilities imposed by foreign laws and usage.
4. The confirming bank's fee depends on the credit of the issuing bank and
would be borne by the beneficiary or the issuing bank (applicant eventually)
depending on the terms of contract.
5. The reimbursing bank charges are to the account of the issuing bank.
5.10 Risk Associated with Opening Imports

L/C
50
The basic risk associated with an issuing bank while opening an import L/Cs are:
The financial standing of the importer as the bank is responsible to pay the money on the behalf
of the importer; thereby the bank should make sure that it has the proper funds to pay.
The goods Bankers need to do a detail analysis against the risks associated with perish ability of
the goods, possible obsolescence, import regulations packing and storage, etc. Price risk is
another crucial factor associated with all modes of international trade.
Exporter Risk
There is always the risk of exporting inferior quality goods. Banks need to be protective by
finding out as much possible about the exporter using status report and other confidential
information.
Country Risk
these types of risks are mainly associated with the political and economic scenario of a country.
To solve this issue, most banks have specialized unit which control the level of exposure that that
the bank will assumes for each country.
Foreign exchange risk

Foreign exchange risk is another most sensitive risk associated with the banks. As the transaction
is done in foreign currency, the traders depend a lot on exchange rate fluctuations.
5.11 Export Operations under L/C

Export Letter of Credit is issued in for a trader for his native country for the purchase of goods
and services. Such letters of credit may be received for following purpose:
For physical export of goods and services from India to a Foreign Country.
For execution of projects outside India by Indian exporters by supply of goods and services from
Indian or partly from India and partly from outside India.
Towards deemed exports where there is no physical movements of goods from outside India But
the supplies are being made to a project financed in foreign exchange by multilateral agencies,
organization or project being executed in India with the aid of external agencies.
For sale of goods by Indian exporters with total procurement and supply from outside India. In
all the above cases there would be earning of Foreign Exchange or conservation of Foreign
Exchange.
51
Banks in India associated themselves with the export letters of credit in various capacities such
as advising bank, confirming bank, transferring bank and reimbursing bank.
In every case the bank will be rendering services not only to the Issuing Bank as its agent
correspondent bank but also to the exporter in advising and financing his export activity.
Advising an Export L/C
The basic responsibility of an advising bank is to advise the credit received from its overseas
branch after checking the apparent genuineness of the credit recognized by the issuing bank.
It is also necessary for the advising bank to go through the letter of credit, try to understand the
underlying transaction, terms and conditions of the credit and advice the beneficiary in the
matter.
The main features of advising export LCs are:
1. There are no credit risks as the bank receives a onetime commission for the advising service.
2. There are no capital adequacy needs for the advising function.
Advising of Amendments to L/Cs

Amendment of LCs is done for various reasons and it is necessary to fallow all the necessary the
procedures outlined for advising. In the process of advising the amendments the Issuing bank
serializes the amendment number and also ensures that no previous amendment is missing from
the list. Only on receipt of satisfactory information/ clarification the amendment may be advised.
Confirmation of Export Letters of Credit

It constitutes a definite undertaking of the confirming bank, in addition to that of the issuing
bank, which undertakes the sight payment, deferred payment, acceptance or negotiation.
Banks in India have the facility of covering the credit confirmation risks with ECGC under their
Transfer Guarantee scheme and include both the commercial and political risk involved.
Discounting/Negotiation of Export LCs

When the exporter requires funds before due date then he can discount or negotiate the LCs with
the negotiating bank. Once the issuing bank nominates the negotiating bank, it can take the credit
risk on the issuing bank or confirming bank.
However, in such a situation, the negotiating bank bears the risk associated with the document
that sometimes arises when the issuing bank discover discrepancies in the documents and refuses
to honor its commitment on the due date.
52
Reimbursement of Export LCs

Sometimes reimbursing bank, on the recommendation of issuing bank allows the negotiating
bank to collect the money from the reimbursing bank once the goods have been shipped. It is
quite similar to a cheque facility provided by a bank.
In return, the reimbursement bank earns a commission per transaction and enjoys float income
without getting involve in the checking the transaction documents. Reimbursement bank play an
important role in payment on the due date (for nuisance LCs) or the days on which the
negotiating bank demands the same (for sight LCs).
Regulatory Requirements
Opening of imports LCs in India involve compliance of the following main regulation:
Trade Control Requirements
The movement of good in India is guided by a predefined se of rules and regulation. So, the
banker needs to assure that make certain is whether the goods concerned can be physically
brought in to India or not as per the current EXIM policy.
Exchange Control Requirements
The main objective of a bank to open an Import LC is to effect settlement of payment due by the
Indian importer to the overseas supplier, so opening of LC automatically comes under the
policies of exchange control regulations.
UCPDC Guidelines
Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credit (UCPDC) is a set of predefined rules
established by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) on Letters of Credit. The UCPDC
is used by bankers and commercial parties in more than 200 countries including India to
facilitate trade and payment through LC.
UCPDC was first published in 1933 and subsequently updating it throughout the years. In 1994,
UCPDC 500 was released with only 7 chapters containing in all 49 articles.
The latest revision was approved by the Banking Commission of the ICC at its meeting in Paris
on 25 October 2006. This latest version, called the UCPDC600, formally commenced on 1 July
2007. It contains a total of about 39 articles covering the following areas, which can be classified
as 8 sections according to their functions and operational procedures.
FEDAI Guidelines
53
Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India (FEDAI) was established in 1958 under the
Section 25 of the Companies Act (1956). It is an association of banks that deals in Indian foreign
exchange and work in coordination with the Reserve Bank of India, other organizations like
FIMMDA, the Forex Association of India and various market participants.
FEDAI has issued rules for import LCs which is one of the important areas of foreign currency
exchanges. It has an advantage over that of the authorized dealers who are now allowed by the
RBI to issue stand by letter of credits towards import of goods.
As the issuance of standby of letter of Credit including imports of goods is susceptible to some
risk in the absence of evidence of shipment, therefore the importer should be advised that
documentary credit under UCP 500/600 should be the preferred route for importers of goods.
5.12 How to issue letter of credit
Figure 5: Parties involved in letter of credit
5.13 SWIFT
LC throughout swift
SWIFT is the industry-owned co-operative supplying secure, standardized messaging services

and interface software to nearly 8,100 financial institutions in 207 countries and territories,
SWIFT members include banks, broker-dealers and investment managers. The broader SWIFT
community also encompasses corporate as well as market infrastructures in payment, securities,
treasury and trade. Over the past ten years, SWIFT message prices have been reduced over 80%
and reliability 99.999% of uptime.
SWIFT Stands for:
S=SOCEITYY
W=WORLDWIDE
I=INTERBANK
F=FINANCIAL
54
T=TELECOMMUNICATION.
Janata Bank Limited is the member of SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Inter-bank Financial
Telecommunication). SWIFT is a member owned co-operative, which provides a fast and
accurate communication network for financial transactions such as Letters of Credit, Fund
transfer etc. By becoming a member of SWIFT, the bank has opened up possibilities for
uninterrupted connectivity with over 5,700 user institutions in 150 countries around the world.
SWIFT is a highly secured messaging network enables Banks to send and receive Fund Transfer,
L/C related and other free format messages to and from any banks active in the network.
5.14 IMPORT AND EXPORT OF CURRENCY

NOTES AND
COINS, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, GOLD, SILVER,
1. (A) In terms of Bangladesh Bank Notification Nos FE-1/03-BB dated 6th January, 2003 and
FE-1/04-BB dated 23rd March, 2004 any person may bring into Bangladesh from any place
outside Bangladesh without any limit foreign currency notes or bank notes other than-
(i) Un-issued notes and coins.
(ii) Notes legal tender in Bangladesh in excess of Taka 500 in value. Provided that the concerned
person makes a written declaration to the Customs Authorities at the time of arrival, in FMJ
Form (See Appendix 5/7) of the entire amount; no declaration will however, be necessary if the
amount brought in does not exceed US$ 5000 or its equivalent in foreign currency and does not
exceed Taka 500 in notes legal tender in Bangladesh.
55
(B) Sending into Bangladesh by post/courier or otherwise of any currency note, bank note or
coin by any person from abroad without general or specific permission from the Bangladesh
Bank is prohibited.
(C) Any traveler entering into Bangladesh may bring with him at every time Bangladesh
currency notes/coins within the limit as prescribed hereunder:
(i) Members of the crew of a ship or an aircraft or the staff of a railway may bring Bangladesh
currency notes up to Tk. 500 at any one time.
(ii) An incoming/outgoing passenger may bring in/take out up to Taka 500 (five hundred) in
Bangladesh currency at the time of arrival into/departure from Bangladesh.
(D) An incoming person may retain foreign exchange up to US$ 5000 or equivalent brought in
by himself/herself without declaration and takes out the same at the time of departure from
Bangladesh without endorsement in passport and air ticket. Such amounts may also be deposited
in RFCD account by a resident Bangladeshi and in NFCD account/private non-resident FC
account by a non-resident Bangladeshi any time after arrival in Bangladesh. Amount in excess of
USD 5000, brought in by the resident Bangladeshis, should however be encased or deposited in
appropriate foreign currency account within 30 days of arrival. Such amounts brought in by non-
resident Bangladeshis can be encased or deposited in foreign currency account any time after
return to Bangladesh. For a foreign national, the entire amount brought in with declaration on
Form FMJ or up to USD 5000 brought in without declaration may be taken out freely at the time
of departure. Such amounts brought in by foreign nationals can be encased or deposited in
foreign currency account any time after their enter into Bangladesh.
2. In terms of Notification No. 1(2) ECS/48 dated 1st July, 1948 issued pursuant to sub-section
(1) of Section 8 of the FER Act, 1947 Government have prohibited, except with the general or
special permission of the Bangladesh Bank, the import into Bangladesh from any place outside
Bangladesh of:
56
(a) any gold coin, gold bullion, gold sheet or gold ingot whether refined or not, and
(b) any silver bullion, silver sheet or plate which has undergone no process of manufacture
subsequent to rolling or any incurrent silver coin. Import of gold and silver
Import of gold and silver into Bangladesh from any place outside is, therefore, subject to the
Bangladesh Bank's general or specific authorization. General permission has been accorded by
Bangladesh Bank allowing an incoming Bangladesh national to bring in up to 2(two) kilograms
of gold or silver in ingot /bullion form at the time of arrival into Bangladesh, subject to payment
of duties and taxes as levied by the Govt.
3. Gold, as defined under Section 2 of the FER Act, includes gold in the form of coin whether
legal tender or not or in the form of bullion or ingot whether refined or not. Silver, as defined
under the same Section of the Act includes silver bullion or ingot, silver sheets and plates which
have undergone no process of manufacture subsequent to rolling and incurrent silver coin which
is not legal tender in Bangladesh or elsewhere.
4. There are no restrictions under the FER Act on the import of jewelers and precious stones.
Import of jewelers and precious stones is, however, subject to the Import Trade Control
Regulations.
5. The terms jewelers and precious stone are deemed to include all articles made wholly or
mainly of gold, platinum, diamonds of all kinds, precious or semi-precious stones, pearls,
whether or not mounted, set or strung and articles set or mounted with diamonds, precious or
semi-precious stones or pearls.
6. There are no restrictions under the FER Act on import of securities into Bangladesh.ACK LCs
5.15 Import
57
Import means purchase of goods or services from abroad. Normally consumers, firms and
Government organizations import foreign goods or services to meet their various necessities. So,
in brief, we can say that import is the flow of goods and services purchased by economic agent
staying in the country from economic agent staying abroad.
Regulation of Import:
Import of goods into Bangladesh is regulated by the Ministry of Commerce in terms of the
Import and Export (Control) Act, 1950 with Import Policy Order issued periodically and public
notices issued from time to time by the office of the Chief Controller of Import and Export
(CCI&E). At present, it is regulated by the Import Policy (1997-2002), which has come into
effect on June14, 1998. And Import Policy directs certain Import Procedure, which administers
the whole activity.
Import Procedure Followed by JBL:
As an Authorized Dealer, Janata Bank Ltd Mohammadpur Corporate Branch is always

committed to facilitate import of different goods into Bangladesh from the foreign countries.
Import Section, which is under Foreign Exchange Department of the branch, is assigned to
perform this job. And to serve its clients demand to import goods, it always maintains required
formalities that are collectively termed as The Import Procedure.
a) At first, the importer must obtain Import Registration Certificate (IRC) from the CCI&E
submitting the following papers:
Up to date Trade License.

Nationality and Asset Certificate.
Income Tax Certificate.
In case of company, Memorandum & Articles of Association and Certificate
of Incorporation.
58
Bank Solvency Certificate etc.

Required amount of registration fee
b) Then the importer has to contact with the seller outside the country to obtain the Pro forma
Invoice. Usually an indenter, local agent of the seller or foreign agent of the buyer makes this
communication. Other sources are:
Trade fair.
Chamber of Commerce.
Foreign Missions in Bangladesh.
Journals etc
c) When the importer accepts the Pro forma Invoice, he/she makes a purchase contract with
the exporter detailing the terms and conditions of the import.
d) After making the purchase contract, importer settles the means of payment with the seller. An
import procedure differs with different means of payment. The possible means are Cash in
Advance, Open Account, Collection Method and Documentary Letter of Credit. In most cases,
the Documentary Letter of Credit in our country makes import payment. Purchase Contract
contains which payment procedure has to be applied.
Different Means of Payment:
Cash in advance: Importer pays full, partial or progressive payment by a foreign DD, MT or
TT. After receiving payment, exporter will send the goods and the transport receipt to the
importer. Importer will take delivery of the goods from the transport company.
Open Account: Exporter ships the goods and sends transport receipt to the importer. Importer
will take delivery of the goods and makes payment by foreign DD, MT, or TT at some
specified date.
Collection Method: Collection methods are either clean collection or documentary collection.
Again, Documentary Collection may be Document against Payment (D/P) or Document
59
against Acceptance (D/A). The collection procedure is that the exporter ships the goods and
draws a draft/ bill on the buyer. The exporter submits the draft/bill (only or with documents)
to the remitting bank for collection and the bank acknowledges this. Then the remitting bank
sends the draft/bill (with or without documents) and a collection instruction letter to the
collecting bank. Acting as an agent of the remitting bank, the collecting bank notifies the
importer upon receipt of the draft. The title of goods is released to the importer upon full
payment or acceptance of the draft/bill.
Comparison import of Janata Bank Ltd Mohammad Corporate Branch from 2007-2011
Import of Janata Bank Ltd
Year (Taka In Lac)
2007 81.04
2008 198.49
2009 3387
2010 2178.87
2011 1713.48
Table 7: Import of Janata Bank Ltd

60
Import of JBL
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Figure 6: Import of Janata Bank Ltd
5.16 Export
Export is the process of selling goods and services to the other countries. Creation of wealth in
any country depends on the expansion of production and increasing participation in international
trade. By increasing production in the export sector we can improve the employment level of such
a highly populated country like Bangladesh. Bangladesh exports a large quantity of goods and
services to foreign households. Readymade textile garments (both knitted and woven), Jute, Jute-
made products, frozen shrimps, tea are the main goods that Bangladeshi exporters export to
foreign countries. Garments sector is the largest sector that exports the lion share of the country's
export. Bangladesh exports most of its readymade garments products to U.S.A and European
Community (EC) countries. Bangladesh exports about 40% of its readymade garments products to
U.S.A. Most of the exporters who export through SEBL are readymade garments exporters. They
open export L/Cs here to export their goods, which they open against the import L/Cs opened by
their foreign importers.
Export L/C operation is just reverse of the import L/C operation. For exporting goods by the local
exporter, bank may act as advising banks and collecting bank (negotiable bank) for the exporter.
Commercial Invoice:
61
There is no standard form for commercial invoice. Each exporter designs his own commercial
invoice from usually a commercial invoice is required to be duly signed by the exporter.
Consular Invoice:
It is made out on a prescribed format form certified by the consulate of the importing country
stationed in the exporters country. In some cases it is also seen that exporters own invoice are
authenticated by the embassy or consulate instead of issuing consular invoice. This type of
invoice is called legalized invoice.
Pro forma Invoice:
Another type of invoice is pro forma invoice which is a form of quotation to a potential buyer.
Exporters send pro forma invoice to the importer to get a general understanding regarding the
product with terms and conditions.
Certified Invoice:
Certified invoice is an invoice bearing a signed statement by someone in the importers country
that have inspected the goods and found them in accordance with those specified in the contract
The Invoice must be tallied as under:
It is addressed to the importer.
It is dated and signed
It must bear detail description, price, quality and quantity of the goods which must tally with
description in B/L & L/C
Invoice tallies with the draft amount and L/C value
The marks and number on the packing list shown in the B/L identical with those in the
invoice.
62
Value of the goods calculated in the invoice is correct on the basis of indent.
It must bear, LCA No. Importers & Indenters registration and L/C number
Any commission to Bangladeshi agent is payable must be deducted from the invoice value.
Invoice must be prepared as per the language of L/C
It bears the origin of the goods
Consular invoice should bear the sign and stamp of the local consulate / embassy of the
importers country.
Certificate of origin: It should be obtained from the competent authority as called by the
L/C terms. In Bangladesh it is usually issued by the Chamber of Commerce, Bangladesh Jute
Association or Ministry of Commerce etc. The description of merchandise in the certificate
should be the same as that given in the invoice. It must indicate the origin of the goods. It
must be signed the authorized person.
Packing List: Packing list in duplicate is required; there are weight list, inspection
certificate, Measurement Certificate, Chemical analysis certificate, Phytosanitary, Health
consumption certificate which are often required as per contract. Each of these documents
should describe the goods invoiced as per L/C terms. These certificates are usually dated
before the date of shipment.
Letter of Trust (LTR): By executing the standard letter of trust (or trust receipt) the
customer acknowledges receipt of the documents of title to the goods, or the goods when
delivery thereof is taken by him, in trust as agents for the bank until the goods are sold or
used for the express purpose for which they were released to him. The customer also
undertakes to keep the transaction separate and assign and deposit with the bank the sale
63
proceeds immediately after realization but in any case not later than the time period
stipulated in the letter. Further, the customer undertakes to keep the goods insured and in the
event the goods or any part thereof cannot be used by him for the declared purpose or on
demand being made by the bank for the return of the documentation to the banks custody.
The trust receipt thus enables the importer customer to take redelivery of the documents
pledged to the pledge bank.
Bill of exchange: The bill of exchange is a particular instrument through which payment is
effected in Internal and International Trade.
The payment for the goods is received by the seller through the medium of a bill of exchange
(commonly) called draft or bill drawn on the buyer for the amount depending on the contract. It
is a Negotiable instrument. Negotiable Instruments act 1881(section-5) defines the bill of
exchange as an instrument in writing containing an unconditional order signed by the maker,
directing a certain person to pay a certain sum of money only to or to the order of a certain
person or to the bearer of the instruments.
Parties involved in a bill of exchange are normally three: drawer, drawee and the payee. But in
case the B/E is endorsed, the number of parties may be five: drawee, drawer, payee, endorser and
endorsee
Export Policy:
Export policies formulated by the Ministry of Commerce, GOB provide the overall guideline and
incentives for promotion of exports in Bangladesh. Export policies also set out commodity-wise
annual target.
It has been decided to formulate these policies to cover a five-year period to make them
contemporaneous with the five-year plans and to provide the policy regime.
The export-oriented private sector, through their representative bodies and chambers are
consulted in the formulation of export policies and are also represented in the various export
promotion bodies set up by the government.
64
Export Procedures:
The import and export trade in our country are regulated by the Import and Export (Control) Act,
1950.
Under the export policy of Bangladesh the exporter has to get valid Export registration
Certificate (ERC) from Chief Controller of Import & Export (CCI&E). The ERC is required to
renew every year. The ERC number is to incorporate on EXP forms and other papers connected
with exports.
Signing the Contract:
After communicating buyer, exporter has to get contracted (writing or oral) for exporting
exportable items from Bangladesh detailing commodity, quantity, price, shipment, insurance and
marks, inspection and arbitration etc.
Receiving Letter of Credit:
After getting contract for sale, exporter should ask the buyer for Letter of Credit (L/C) clearly
stating terms and conditions of export and payment.
The following are the main points to be looked into for receiving/ collecting export proceeds by
means of Documentary Credit:
(1) The terms of the L/C are in conformity with those of the contract;
(2) The L/C is an irrevocable one, preferably confirmed by the advising bank;
(3) The L/C allows sufficient time for shipment and negotiation.
Terms and conditions should be stated in the contract clearly in case of other mode of payment:
I. Cash in advance;
II. Open account;
III. Collection basis (Documentary/ Clean)
Procuring the materials:
After making the deal and on having the L/C opened in his favor, the next step for the exporter is
to set about the task of procuring or manufacturing the contracted merchandise.
Shipment of goods:
65
Then the exporter should take the preparation for export arrangement for delivery of goods as per
L/C and incomers, prepare and submit shipping documents for Payment/ Acceptance/
Negotiation in due time.
Documents for shipment:
EXP form,
ERC (valid),
L/C copy,
Customer Duty Certificate,
Shipping Instruction,
Transport Documents,
Insurance Documents,
Invoice,
Bills of Exchange (if required)
Certificate of Origin,
Inspection Certificate,
Quality Control Certificate,
G.S.P. Certificate,
Final Step:
Submission of the documents to the Bank for negotiation.
Export Financing:
Financing exports constitutes an important part of a banks activities. Exporters require financial
services at four different stages of their export operation. During each of these phases exporters
need different types of financial assistance depending on the nature of the export contract.
Pre-shipment credit
Post-shipment credit
Pre-shipment credit:
Pre-shipment credit, as the name suggests, is given to finance the activities of an exporter prior to
the actual shipment of the goods for export. The purpose of such credit is to meet working capital
66
needs starting from the point of purchasing of raw materials to final shipment of goods for export
to foreign country. Before allowing such credit to the exporters the bank takes into consideration
about the credit worthiness, export performance of the exporters, together with all other
necessary information required for sanctioning the credit in accordance with the existing rules
and regulations. Pre-shipment credit is given for the following purposes:
Cash for local procurement and meeting related expenses.
Procuring and processing of goods for export.
Packing and transporting of goods for export.
Payment of insurance premium.
Inspection fees.
Freight charges etc.
An exporter can obtain credit facilities against lien on the irrevocable, confirmed and unrestricted
export letter of credit in form of the followings:
Export cash credit (Hypothecation)
Export cash credit (Pledge)
Export cash credit against trust receipt.
Packing credit.
Back to back letter of credit.
Credit against Red-clause letter of credit.
Post Shipment Credit:
This type of credit refers to the credit facilities extended to the exporters by the banks after
shipment of the goods against export documents. Necessity for such credit arises, as the exporter
cannot afford to wait for a long time for without paying manufacturers/suppliers. Before
extending such credit, it is necessary on the part of banks to look into carefully the financial
soundness of exporters and buyers as well as other relevant documents connected with the export
in accordance with the rules and regulations in force. Banks in our country extend post shipment
credit to the exporters through:
1. Negotiation of documents under L/C;
2. Foreign Documentary Bill Purchase (FDBP):
67
3. Advances against Export Bills surrendered for collection;
Negotiation of documents under L/C:

The exporter presents the relative documents to the negotiating bank after the shipment of the
goods. A slight deviation of the documents from those specified in the L/C may raise an excuse
to the issuing bank to refuse the reimbursement of the payment already made by the negotiating
bank. So the negotiating bank must be careful, prompt, systematic and indifferent while
scrutinizing the documents relating to the export.
Foreign Documentary Bill Purchase (FDBP):

Here the exporters are also made on the basis of contract between the buyer and the seller
without the cover of a letter of credit. In such case, documents are delivered to the buyer through
the intermediary of the foreign correspondent of the authorized dealer against
payment/acceptance.
Comparison export of Janata Bank Ltd Mohammad Corporate Branch from 2007-2011
Export of Janata Bank Ltd
Year (Taka In Lac)
2007 489.04
2008 689.34
2009 994.05
2010 552.21
2011 573.13
Table 8: Export of Janata Bank Ltd

68
Export of JBL
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Figure 7: Export of Janata Bank Ltd
CHAPTER: 6
69
DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
6.1 Export
70
The Export Policy 2009-12 has underscored the need for expanding export, increasing the
productivity of export-oriented industries and facilitating the overall development of the export
sector through capacity building of local export-oriented industries. Five Business Promotion
Councils are already in place under public-private partnership to enhance the capacity and
awareness of the exporters and mitigate the supply constrains paving the way for enhanced
uninterrupted supply of export products. The scope of these councils will be gradually expanded.
Export statistics of the last few years reveal that export earnings have witnessed growths of
15.69%, 15.87% and 10.23% during export years 2006-07, 2007-08 and 2008-09 respectively.
The Export Policy 2009-12 has been formulated on the basis of recommendations of a
Consultative Committee comprising of representatives from the main industries/trade
associations, chambers, research organizations, respective Ministries, Divisions and
organizations so to ensure the sustainability of the export growth during the policy period. It is
expected that this Export Policy will play the pioneering role in employment generation and
poverty alleviation through burgeoning growth of our export.
Export Policy 2009-2012, Export earnings growth

Year (%)
2006-07 15.69
2007-08 15.87
2008-09 10.23
71
Export Policy 2009-2012, Export earnings growth (%)

Export Policy 2009-2012, Export earnings growth (%)
18
15.69 15.87
16
14
12
10.23
10
0
2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
Figure 8: Export Policy 2009-2012, Export earnings growth
6.2 Export Formalities Relation with Janata

Bank
Formalities for export procedures:

72
There are a number of formalities, which an exporter has to fulfill before and after shipment of
goods. These formalities or procedures are enumerated in brief as follows:
Obtaining Export Registration Certificate (ERC): No exporter is allowed to export any

commodity for export from Bangladesh unless he is registered with Chief Controller of
Imports and Exports (CCI & E) and holds valid Export Registration Certificate (ERC). After
applying to the CCI&E in the prescribed form along with the below mentioned necessary
papers, concerned offices of the Chief Controller of Imports and Exports issues ERC. Once
registered, exporters can renew the ERC every year.
(The following documents are required)
Application Form
Nationality certificate
Partnership Deed (Registered)
Memorandum & Articles of Association and Incorporation Certificate
Bank Certificate
Income Tax Certificate
Valid Trade License
Copy of Rent Receipt of the Business Firm
Securing the order:

73
After getting ERC, the exporter may proceed to secure the export order. He can do this by
contracting the buyers directly through correspondence.
Obtaining EXP:
After registering, the exporter applies to Janata Bank Ltd. With the trade license, ERC and
the Certificate from the concerned Government Organization to get EXP. If the bank is
satisfied, an EXP is issued to the exporter.
EXP form generally is of 4 (four) copies:
Original: Customs authority reports first copy of EXP to Bangladesh Bank after
Shipment of the goods.
Duplicate: Negotiating bank reports the Duplicate to Bangladesh Bank in or after
Negotiation date but not later than 14 days from the date of shipment.
Triplicate: On realization of export proceeds the same bank to the same authority reports
Triplicate.
Quadruplicate: Finally, the negotiating bank as their office copy retains Quadruplicate.
Signing of the contract:
After communicating with buyer the exporter will contract for exporting products from
Bangladesh detailing commodity, quantity, price, shipment, insurance and mark, inspection,
arbitration etc.
6.3 Export Finance

74
To boost up country's Export, Janata Bank Limited has been providing different kinds of
assistance to exporters. Some of which are as under:-
Providing Pre-Shipment and Post-Shipment Finance, Export Guarantee and bonding
facility etc.
Concessional rate of interest for exports Finance.
Back to Back L/C under bonded Warehouse facility
Sight & Unasked L/C against Firm Contract for import of raw materials.
Sight L/C under EDF
Exporter's Retention Quota A/C both interest bearing and non-interest bearing.
Export incentive Program.
Banking at Export Processing Zone
Scope for establishment of export oriented industry by 100% foreign investment and by
joint-venture
The sole bank to disburse Government Export Promotion Fund against export of
Computer Software & Data Entry Processing
Undergone to an agreement with Bangladesh Bank to obtain fund from Government EEF
(Equity & Entrepreneurship Fund) to build up entrepreneur's equity.
Providing services to the exporter by utilizing most modernized technology like Swift,
Reuters, Internet, and Fax etc. Janata Banks E-mail no. is id-obd@janatabank-bd.com
any latest business information will be available at website; www.janatabank-bd.com
75
Consultancy and advisory services by an expert group of officials.
Special export financing program towards computer software data entry and service
export.
Salient Features:
A Firm or Company having valid ERC, necessary infrastructural and technical facilities
and sufficient skilled man power related computer.
Member of BASIS or BCS.
Having Computer Literacy or related professional background.
Preference to the firm/company having prior experience
Satisfactory performance Certificate/Acceptance Letter from Counterpart abroad.
Valid Export Orders are in hand.
Export Growth of Janata Bank Limited (2006-2010)
Export Growth of Janata Bank Ltd
Year (Taka In Millions)

2006 70897
2007 71855
2008 85418
2009 88653
2010 118515
Table 9: Export Growth of Janata Bank Limited (2006-2010)

76
Export Growth of JBL

140000
118515
120000
100000
88653
85418
80000 71855
70897
TK. In Million
60000
40000
20000
2006 1 2007 2 2008 3 2009 4 2010 5

0
1 2 3 4 5
Year of Export
Figure 9: Export growth of JBL
6.4 Import Finance
Import finance:
Through quite a good number of Authorized Dealer Branches and 1198 nos. foreign
correspondents world wide Janata Bank Limited has been extending full range import and
relevant finance facilities.
77
Import Items:
Capital Machineries and Industrial raw materials.
Fuel & Lubricants.
Intermediate goods.
Consumer durable, spare parts and equipments.
Consumer goods : Food & Food Grains, Baby food, Petroleum, CDSO (Crude
Degummed Soya bean Oil), CPO (Crude Palm Olin) Oilseeds, Cement Clinker,
Construction Materials, Fertilizer, Chemicals and many other goods permissible by
Import by Import Policy of the country.
Facilities Offered:
Opening of L/C at competitive/ reasonable margin and commission
Interest at concession rate on import finance to the prime customers & interest rebate
facilities.
Import Trend
Setting Industrial vision to facilitate optimally, bank's involvement has been showing sharp rising
trend as under:
Year Taka in Million

2006 128809
2007 84065.40
2008 129413
2009 118525
2010 183744
Table 10: Import Trend of JBL

78
Import Trend of JBL

200000
183744
180000
160000
140000 128809 129413

118525
120000
TK. in million 100000

84065.4
80000
60000
40000
20000
2006 1 2007 2 2008 3 2009 4 2010 5
0
1 2 3 4 5
Year of Import
Figure 10: Import Trend of JBL
6.5 Budget and Performance

79
2010 2009
No.
Budget Actual Budget Actual
1 Interest Income 18,300 19,027 15,550 14,868
2 Interest Expenditure 11,900 11,960.30 10,500 10,376.98
3 Interest Margin(1-2) 6,400 7,067.20 5,050 4,491.02
Investment Income 11,070 11,566.40 8,800 9,206.10

4 Including Other
Income
Total operating 17,470 18,653.60 13,850 13,697.12

5
Income
Salaries and 5,000 5,155.30 4,064 3,996.58

6
Allowances
7 Fixed Cost 552.50 632.20 647.90 553.72
8 Variable Cost 917.50 829.70 637.60 568.70
Total Operating Cost 6,470 6,617.20 5,350 5,119

9
(6+7+8)
10 Operating Profit 11,000 12,036.40 8,500 8,578.12

80
(5-9)
Table 11: Budget and Performance
(Under EXPORT Policy 2009-2012)
6.6 Rules and Regulation to be followed for

Export of product
The conditions stipulated in this Policy or in other related laws, and the rules and regulations
related to foreign currency exchange issued from time to time by the Bangladesh Bank have to
be followed in case of export of goods from Bangladesh. Besides, relevant documents within the
scope of the above-mentioned conditions and rules and regulations have to be followed.
Control of Export of Products:
Under this Policy, export of products will be controlled in the following ways such as:-
Export Prohibited Products: Unless otherwise stated, products prohibited under this Export
Policy cannot be exported. Annex -1 reads the list of export prohibited products.
Products under Conditional Export:
Products which are exportable under some conditions can be exported only after fulfilling those
conditions. Such products have been listed in Annex-2.
Exportable Products:
81
Unless otherwise stated, all other products except the products enlisted in Annex-1 and
Annex-2, i.e. export prohibited products and the products whose export is contingent
upon certain conditions shall be freely exportable.
Nothing in this policy shall be applicable to the following:
Store, equipment or spare parts of ships, vehicles or aircrafts bound for going abroad, and
products declared as their kitchen items, or the baggage accompanied by the sailors or the crews
and passengers of those ships, vehicles or aircrafts.
Export of samples subject to fulfillment of the following conditions:
The product is not export prohibited;
A maximum of US$ 5,000 worth of products (except medicine) based on FOB price (free on
board) per exporter per year;
Products sent as samples free of cost; provided that in case of medicine the maximum shall
be (1) US$ 30,000 if there is no export L/C (letter of credit), or (2) 5% of the total value of
the L/C or US$ 5000, whichever is less. Bangladesh Bank can increase these limits
examining each case, if necessary.
For 100% export-oriented garment industries, a maximum of US$ 7,500 worth of samples of
readymade garments per year;
The diamond processing farms having bond licenses issued from the Customs bond
Commission rate or diamond producing/ diamond-studded jewelry processing farms
registered as producers with VAT Commission rate, under National Board of Revenue can
send abroad cut and polished diamond/diamond-studded jewelry worth of US$ 50,000
annually with a view to participating in international trade fair or showcasing for export
market development. In this case the samples must be brought back to the country after the
show. However, if the samples are sold, all sale proceeds must be repatriated through legal
82
banking channel and the amount of the proceeds shall not be less than the value of the
samples;
Promotional materials (brochure, poster, leaflet, banner etc.) of any price or weight;
Gift parcel worth of US$ 1,000 or equivalent in Bangladeshi Taka;
Bonafide baggage of travelers traveling outside Bangladesh; and
Relief materials exported by the Government.
6.7 SWOT Analysis of Janata Bank Ltd
Business Strength
Second Largest bank of the country
Wide network of 874 Branches across the countries
Holds a sound reputation in the banking industries
Sponsoring by the government
Personalized services
Well connected distribution channel from Head Office to all branches
Healthy correspondents relationships with foreign banks
Provide a record business in international trade and remittance
Majority of the branches run with computers under centralized network

83
Sound and large capital base
Sustainable growth.
Weakness
Lack of using single softer to integrate all the branches of the bank.
Lack of new product
Not implementing the Online Banking in all activities
Opportunity
Maintaining required Capital Adequacy
Business expansion in capital market
Gradual expansion of branch network
Progressive automation of the branches
Real online banking software will be in function soon
Expansion of ATM and Credit Card
Consideration of prime customers.
Threat
Mismanagement of administration
Strong interference of CBA (Collective Bargaining Agent)

84
CHAPTER: 7
RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

85
7.1 Recommendation
General Banking Department:
86
If the enter general Banking system is fully computerized then they satisfy the
customer by provide fast service.
If they establish most powerful networking system with their branches then it can
easily transfer data within short time.
If they cancel the introducer system then they can collect more deposit through
new account and it also satisfied the customer.
Loan and Advance Department:
Try to avoid giving loan the political person who had bad reputation of loan
repaying.
Evaluate the securities value properly to avoid the risk of loan recovery. The
punishment system should be established to discourage the unlawful activities of
employee.
Bangladesh Bank should more active to provide CIB report.
Foreign Exchange Department:
In Foreign Exchange Department it is require communicating with foreign bank

frequently and quickly. To make the process easy and quick the whole system
should be computerized and modern communication media for example e-mail,
fax, Internet should be used.
If they are Communicate more foreign countries then they provide more services
to their customers.
If they establish direct procedure of Letter of Credit for their customer import and
export then they achieve more customer.
7.2 Suggestions
This is recommended that some aspect of Janata Bank Ltd can be supportive for management to
get some pioneering ideas for the probable situations of the identified problems to ensure better
progress in future; some necessary steps are recommended below on the basis of collected data,
observation, expert staffs opinion and my knowledge and judgment.
87
For improving customer satisfaction the information related to customer should be available to
the branch.
For improving customer satisfaction so many facilities should be emphasized by the bank on
priority basis.
For the customers satisfaction service delivery should be given within 10-15 minutes.
While delivering of services friendly behaviors should be ensured by the employees because it
becomes a necessity of customers.
For better customer satisfaction the interest rate of the bank should be as fewer as possible.
The product and services of the bank should be new and competitive.
For improving customer satisfaction bank should launch customer complain box in every
branch.
For better satisfaction bank could initiate to establish customer service center for its
customers.
The better interior and nice location of the branch could be an incentive for customer
satisfaction.
Available sitting arrangements for customers in the bank could be a good sign for satisfaction
of customers.
Definitely to be competitive and ensuring of faster services for customers satisfaction online
banking system should be start all over the branches as fast as possible.
Customers are delighted with services of the bank but not in greater extent.
Online banking services should be introduced by all over the branches as soon as possible.
Banking services may be given 24 hours on the main branches if possible.
ATM booth should be available especially in the major areas. Like city and commercial areas.
Token system can be introduced in case of service providing in the bank.
Product and services should be according to customers satisfaction and new one.
The bank may use the intern student in research work to measure the customer satisfaction,
product and service demand and current market situation of their bank besides the daily work.
88
7.3 Conclusion
Internship is a bridge between theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge. Now that I have
completed my Internship, I believe the experience I have gathered working in the official
environment will be proven vital for me to go ahead in my professional life. During my
internship I have realized how modern Science and Information Technology have been
contributing more and more to the development of operational and management process. To
serve customers well, companies need to be skillful in many areas faster development of new
business strategies, shrinking company formalities, reducing procedure times, improving
customer service and increasing and maintaining knowledge for accomplishing all these goals.
As an internee of JBL, I have truly enjoyed my internship from the learning and experience
viewpoint. I am confident that this three months internship program at JBL will definitely help
me to realize my further carrier in the job market.
The bank is maintaining a well-structured communication from top to bottom level. Each official
needs to be valued and treated as a part of the bank and they must have the privilege to devote
themselves for the betterment of service of the bank. Janata Bank places utmost importance on
managing credit risk. The whole process includes management of Credit Risk, Foreign Exchange
Risk, Prevention of money Laundering, Asset liability Management, Internal control and
Compliance.
As there are lots of local and foreign banks in Bangladesh the JBL is promising commercial
Bank among them. In this competitive market JBL has to compete not only the others
commercial banks but also with the public Bank. JBL is more capable of contributing towards
economic development as compared with other bank of JBL. JBL Invested more funds in export
and import business. It is obvious that the right thinking of this bank including establishing a
successful network over the country and increasing resources will be able to play a considerable
role in the portfolio of development. Success in the banking business largely depends on
effective lending. Less the amount of loan losses, the more the income will be from Credit
operations the more will be the profit of the JBL Limited and here lays the success of Credit
Financing.
During the course of my practical orientation I have tried to learn the practical banking activities
to realize it with my theoretical knowledge, which I have greathearted and going to acquire from
various courses of my BBA program.
89
CHAPTER: 8
APPENDIX
90
8.1 Bibliography
91
Annual Report of Janata Bank Limited 2010
http://www.janatabank-bd.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org
A/C Account
AD Authorized Dealer
Foreign Exchange Training
BB Materials of JBL.
Bangladesh Bank
BOE Bill of exchange
http:/www.google.com
DD Demand Draft
DP Note Demand Promissory Note
http:/www.janata
EPB bank0rg.bd.com
Export Promotion Bureau
ERC Export Registration Certificate

Several Booklets from JBL.
EXP Export Form
FC Foreign Currency
Bangladesh Bank-org.com.bd
FDD Foreign Demand Draft
FDR Fixed deposit receipt
IBCA Inter Branch Credit Advice
IBCT Inter branch Credit Transaction
IBDA Inter Branch Debit Advice
IMP Import Form

8.2 Acronyms
IRC Import Registration Certificate
L/C Letter of Credit
LCAF Letter of Credit Authorization Form
OBC Outward Bills for Collection
PAD Payment against Document
PO Payment Order
PSI Pre Shipment Inspection
STD Short Term Deposit

92

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1

1.1 Introduction of the Study

1.2 Background of the Study

1.3 Rational of the Report

1.4 Specific Objectives

To analyze the real Foreign Exchange performance of Bangladesh.

1.5 Scope of the Report

Actual Foreign Trade management of Janata Bank Limited.

Overview the current procedure of export & import management.

Opening LC and maintenance of other formalities of foreign trade.

Organizational structures and responsibilities of management.

Janata Banks Foreign Trade Management system.

1.6 Objective of the Study

Encouraging labor-intensive (especially female labor) export-oriented production;

Ensuring availability of raw materials for manufacturing export goods;

Increasing productivity and diversity of products;

Enhancing efficiency and dynamism by using e-Commerce and e-Governance;

Assisting the development of necessary infrastructure, particularly for backward and

Providing all-out support to new exporters as well as to existing exporters;

1.7 Research Methodology

Primary sources of data

Secondary sources of data

Secondary Sources are:

Annual Reports of different years of Janata Bank Limited.

Bangladesh Bank web site

Other published documents of Janata Bank Limited.

Janata Bank web site

Respective sectors of foreign matter of the head office.

1.8 Limitation of the Study

Lack of Secondary Information:

Limitation of the Study:

PROFILE OF JANATA BANK LIMITED

2.1 Overview of the Janata Bank

The Bank employs more than 15(fifteen) thousand persons.

The Board of Directors is composed of 13 (Thirteen) members headed by a Chairman.

2.2 Corporate Information

Name : Janata Bank Limited

Numbers of Branch : 874

Numbers of Divisional Office : 08

Numbers of Area Office : 15

Numbers of Regional Office : 29

Location : UAE Chief Executives office

Obeid Sayah Al Mansuri Building

Zayed the 1st Street (Electra Road)

Post Box No 2630 Abu Dhabi

United Arab Emirates

1. Janata Capital and Investment Ltd.: Dhaka.

2. Janata Exchange Company srl. : Italy

Numbers of Correspondent : 1,215

Numbers of Employees : More than 15(fifteen) thousand

Banking License (obtained from : 31 May, 2007

Telex : 675840 JBDBJ, 671288 JBHOBJ

Phone : PABX- 9560000, 9566020, 9556245-49, 9565041-

Fax : 88-02-9564644, 9560869

SWIFT Code : JANB BD DH

2.3 Overview of Janata Bhaban Corporate Branch

Opening Date : 18-05-1989

Address : Janata Bhaban 110, Motijheel C/A

Dhaka 1000. Bangladesh

Phone : 9560000, 9560039, 9566020,

9556245-49, 9560027-30, 9560042- 43,

SWIFT (Branch) : JANBBDDHJBC

Total Number of Employees : 139