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The Breakout of Pimples

A Term Paper

Presented to:

Ms. Giecel Venice Mogol

(Teacher)

Presented by:

Mark Anthony Legaspi

Block-C1
Dedication

This research paper is dedicated to all readers, especially to the teenagers and

adults who are suffering from breakouts. This research paper would help to treat and

prevent acne. And lastly, the researcher would like to dedicate this research paper to the

Almighty God, to his beloved families, friends, classmates and instructors.


Acknowledgement

The researcher would like to express his sincere gratitude to his instructor Ms.

Giecel Venice Mogol for the continuous support of his study and research, for her

patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. Her guidance helped the

researcher in all the time of research and writing of this research paper.

Besides his instructor, the researcher would like to thank his friends for helping him,

for the sleepless nights they were working together before deadlines. Also the researcher

would like to thank his family, and Almighty God for the support and inspiration.
Abstract

Acne is a common problem among teenagers. Because of puberty and hormonal

changes that is happening, acne occurs. Teens will find ways to counteract this problem

since teenage years is the time when an adolescent builds up his self-esteem and acne is a

major hindrance to this.

The aim of this research paper is to clear out the misconceptions about the causes of

acne and inform the readers about it. The purpose of this research paper is to help the

teenagers and adults in their breakouts. This research shows the effect of pimples in

physical and mental health, how acne develop, the symptoms of acne. In this research

paper also are the recommendations for preventing and treating acne.
Introduction

Acne is a common problem among teenagers. Because puberty and hormonal

changes that is happening, acne occurs. Teen will find ways to counteract this problem

since teenage years is the time when an adolescent builds up his self-esteem and acne is a

major hindrance to this. Acne is a condition of the skin that ranges in appearance from

raised bumps to pustules (large cysts and pimples). Acne is common that more than 80

percent of the population will have some form of it at some time in some time of their

lives. It is the commonly used name for pores clogged by sebum (also known as

whiteheads and blackheads), pimples, nodules or cysts that can appear on the face, neck,

shoulders, chest, back, upper arms and upper legs.

Most teenagers and a good number of adults suffer from acne for more or less

extended periods of time. The condition is not confined to any group, race, or sex. It

affects hundreds of millions of people across the world. The biggest problems with acne

are the unpleasant look of pimples and the scars they may leave behind. Although there

are several theories about what causes acne, authorities generally believe that acne is a

by-product of hormonal changes in the body during puberty- that period of life when a

child develops the secondary sex characteristics (such as facial and body hair, deepened

voice, and increased muscle mass in boys and breast development and breast

development and menstruation in girls). At this time, production of hormones

(particularly the male hormone testosterone) increases and stimulates sebaceous glands in

the skin to produce sebum (an oily secretion). Most excess oil produced by these glands

leaves the skin through the hair follicles (the tube like structures from which the hair
develops). Sometimes, oil clogs these tubes and creates comedones (blocked hair

follicles). Comedones are what form the initial lumps in acne.

About 8 in 10 teenagers develop some degree of acne. Often it is mild. However, it

is estimated that about 3 in 10 teenagers have acne bad enough to need treatment to

prevent scarring. Untreated acne usually lasts about 4-5 years before settling. However, it

can last for many years in some cases. There are many myths about what causes acne.

Chocolate and greasy foods are often blamed, but there is little evidence that foods have

much effect on acne in most people. Another common myth is that dirty skin causes acne;

however, blackheads and pimples are not caused by dirt. Stress doesn't cause acne, but

stress can make it worse.

Dermatologists (skin specialists) say that approximately three-quarters of 11 to 30

year-olds will get acne at some time. Acne can affect people of all races and all ages. It

most commonly affects adolescents and young adults, although there are people in their

fifties who still get acne. Some studies indicate that a susceptibility to acne could also be

genetic. Some medications that contain androgen and lithium may cause acne. Greasy

cosmetics may cause acne in some susceptible people. Hormone changes during

pregnancy may cause acne either to develop for the first time, or to recur.
Review of Related Literature

Acne is a disorder resulting from the action of hormones and other substances on

the skins oil glands (sebaceous glands) and hair follicles. These factors lead to plugged

pores and outbreaks of lesions commonly called pimples or zits. Acne lesions usually

occur on the face, neck, back, chest, and shoulders. Although acne is usually not a serious

health threat, it can be a source of significant emotional distress. Severe acne can lead to

permanent scarring.

Doctors describe acne as a disease of the pilosebaceous units (PSUs). Found over

most of the body, pilosebaceous units consist of a sebaceous gland connected to a canal,

called a follicle, which contains a fine hair. These units are most numerous on the face,

upper back, and chest. The sebaceous glands make an oily substance called sebum that

normally empties onto the skin surface through the opening of the follicle, commonly

called a pore. Cells called keratinocytes line the follicle. The hair, sebum, and

keratinocytes that fill the narrow follicle may produce a plug, which is an early sign of

acne. The plug prevents sebum from reaching the surface of the skin through a pore. The

mixture of oil and cells allows bacteria Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) that normally

live on the skin to grow in the plugged follicles. These bacteria produce chemicals and

enzymes and attract white blood cells that cause inflammation. (Inflammation is a

characteristic reaction of tissues to disease or injury and is marked by four signs:

swelling, redness, heat, and pain). When the wall of the plugged follicle breaks down, it

spills everything into the nearby skinsebum, shed skin cells, and bacterialeading to

lesions or pimples.
People with acne frequently have a variety of lesions. The basic acne lesion, called

the comedo (KOM-e-do), is simply an enlarged and plugged hair follicle. If the comedo

stays beneath the skin, it is called a closed comedo and produces a white bump called a

whitehead. A comedo that reaches the surface of the skin and opens up is called an open

comedo or blackhead because it looks black on the skins surface. This black

discoloration is due to changes in sebum as it is exposed to air. It is not due to dirt. Both

whiteheads and blackheads may stay in the skin for a long time.

Other troublesome acne lesions can develop, including the papules, pustules,

nodules, and cysts. The papules is the inflamed lesions that usually appear as small, pink

bumps on the skin and can be tender to the touch. Pustules is the papules topped by

white or yellow pus-filled lesions that may be red at the base. Nodules is the large,

painful, solid lesions that are lodged deep within the skin. And cysts is the deep,, painful,

pus-filled lesions that can cause scarring.

The exact cause of acne is unknown, but doctors believe it results from several

related factors. One important factor is an increase in hormones called androgens (male

sex hormones). These increase in both boys and girls during puberty and cause the

sebaceous glands to enlarge and make more sebum. Hormonal changes related to

pregnancy or starting or stopping birth control pills can also cause acne. Another factor is

heredity or genetics. Researchers believe that the tendency to develop acne can be

inherited from parents. For example, studies have shown that many school-age boys with

acne have a family history of the disorder. Certain drugs, including androgens and

lithium, are known to cause acne. Greasy cosmetics may alter the cells of the follicles and

make them stick together, producing a plug.


There are many myths about what causes acne. Chocolate and greasy foods are

often blamed, but there is little evidence that foods have much effect on the development

and course of acne in most people. Another common myth is that dirty skin causes acne;

however, blackheads and other acne lesions are not caused by dirt. Stress doesnt cause

acne, but research suggests that for people who have acne, stress can make it worse.

People of all races and ages get acne. It is most common in adolescents and young

adults. An estimated 80 percent of all people between the ages of 11 and 30 have acne

outbreaks at some point. For most people, acne tends to go away by the time they reach

their thirties; however, some people in their forties and fifties continue to have this skin

problem.

Acne is often treated by dermatologists, who are doctors who specialize in skin

problems. These doctors treat all kinds of acne, particularly severe cases. Doctors who

are general or family practitioners, pediatricians, or internists may treat patients with

milder cases of acne. The goals of treatment are to heal existing lesions, stop new lesions

from forming, prevent scarring, and minimize the psychological stress and

embarrassment caused by this disease. Drug treatment is aimed at reducing several

problems that play a part in causing acne; abnormal clumping of cells in the follicles,

increased oil production, bacteria, and inflammation.

All medicines can have side effects. Some side effects may be more severe than

others. People with acne should review the package insert that comes with the medicine

and ask the health care provider or pharmacist if they have any questions about the

possible side effects. Depending on the extent of the problem, the doctor may recommend
one of several over-the-counter (OTC) medicines and/or prescription medicines. Some of

these medicines may be topical (applied to the skin), and others may be oral (taken by

mouth). The doctor may suggest using more than one topical medicine or combining oral

and topical medicines.

Doctors usually recommend an OTC or prescription topical medicine for people

with mild signs of acne. Topical medicine is applied directly to the acne lesions or to the

entire area of affected skin. There are several OTC topical medicines used for mild acne.

Each works a little differently. Topical OTC medicines are available in many forms, such

as gels, lotions, creams, soaps, or pads. In some people, OTC acne medicines may cause

side effects such as skin irritation, burning, or redness, which often get better or go away

with continued use of the medicine. If you experience severe or prolonged side effects,

you should report them to your doctor. OTC topical medicines are somewhat effective in

treating acne when used regularly; however, it may take up to 8 weeks before you see

noticeable improvement.

Like OTC topical medicines, prescription topical medicines come as creams,

lotions, solutions, gels, or pads. The doctor will consider the skin type when prescribing a

product. Creams and lotions provide moisture and tend to be good choices for people

with sensitive skin. If they have very oily skin or live in a hot, humid climate, they may

prefer an alcohol-based gel or solution, which tends to dry the skin. The doctor will tell to

them how to apply the medicine and how often to use it. For some people, prescription

topical medicines cause minor side effects including stinging, burning, redness, peeling,

scaling, or discoloration of the skin. With some medicines, these side effects usually
decrease or go away after the medicine is used for a period of time. If side effects are

severe or dont go away, notify your doctor.

For patients with moderate-to-severe acne, doctors often prescribe oral antibiotics.

Oral antibiotics are thought to help control acne by curbing the growth of bacteria and

reducing inflammation. Prescription oral and topical medicines may be combined.

Common antibiotics used to treat acne are tetracycline, minocycline, and doxycycline.

Other oral medicines less commonly used are clindamycin, erythromycin, or

sulfonamides. Some people taking these antibiotics have side effects, such as an upset

stomach, dizziness or lightheadedness, changes in skin color, and increased tendency to

sunburn. Because tetracyclines may affect tooth and bone formation in fetuses and young

children, these drugs are not given to pregnant women or children under age 14. There is

some concern, although it has not been proven, that tetracycline and minocycline may

decrease the effectiveness of birth control pills. Therefore, a backup or another form of

birth control may be needed. Prolonged treatment with oral antibiotics may be necessary

to achieve the desired results.

People with acne, should gently wash their face with a mild cleanser, once in the

morning and once in the evening, as well as after heavy exercise. Wash their face from

under the jaw to the hairline and be sure to thoroughly rinse their skin. Ask the doctor or

another health professional for advice on the best type of cleanser to use. Using strong

soaps or rough scrub pads is not helpful and can actually make the problem worse.

Astringents are not recommended unless the skin is very oily, and then they should be

used only on oily spots. It is also important to shampoo the hair regularly. If they have

oily hair, they may want to wash it every day. Avoid frequently handling on the skin,
avoid rubbing and touching skin lesions. Squeezing, pinching or picking blemishes can

lead to the development of scars or dark blotches. Shave carefully, many both electric and

safety razors to see which is more comfortable. When using a safety razor, make sure the

blade is sharp and soften the hair thoroughly with soap and water before applying shaving

cream. Shave gently and only when necessary to reduce the risk of nicking blemishes.

Avoid a sunburn or suntan, many of the medicines used to treat acne can make more

prone to sunburn. A sunburn that reddens the skin or suntan that darkens the skin may

make blemishes less visible and make the skin feel drier. However, these benefits are

only temporary, and there are known risks of excessive sun exposure, such as more rapid

skin aging and a risk of developing skin cancer. Choose Cosmetics Carefully, while

undergoing acne treatment, they may need to change some of the cosmetics they use. All

cosmetics and hair-care products should be oil free. Choose products labeled non

comedogenic (meaning they dont promote the formation of closed pores). In some

people, however, even these products may make acne worse.

Medical researchers are looking for new drugs to treat acne to replace some of

those in current use. As with many other types of bacterial infections, doctors are finding

that, over time, the bacteria that are associated with acne are becoming resistant to

treatment with certain antibiotics, though it is not clear how significant a problem this

resistance represents. Researchers are studying the skin microbial community to

understand its association with acne. Some researchers are trying to identify probiotics to

treat acne-affected skin. Scientists are also trying to better understand the mechanisms

involved in acne so that they can develop new treatments that work on those mechanisms.
Methodology

The descriptive method of research was used in this study. Descriptive method of

research is a fact-finding study with sufficient and accurate interpretation of the findings.

It describes with emphasis what actually exist such as current conditions, practices,

situations, or any phenomena. Since the study or investigation was only concerned about

acne, the whole research is only focusing attention on it. The descriptive method was the

most appropriate or fitted to use. The method of collecting data used was through sorting

documents and references through the help of the relevant reference works like

encyclopedias, dictionaries and some journals regarding acne and by using internet that

provides new updated information about certain topic. The researcher did the mechanics

of gathering source materials, taking notes, and documenting sources with a deeper

analysis and interpretation. The other instrument used to collect data was the survey. The

survey was given to the teenagers and adults to fill up for validation. It was given to them

because they are the only available respondents and fitted to the study (because almost of

the teenagers and adults suffered and are suffering from acne). The needed data were

completed and had been validated. The copies of the survey were distributed personally

by the researcher to the respondents. Just after the few minutes, all the copies distributed

were retrieved also personally by the researcher.


Pimples are a normal skin condition that affectmany people. Pimples are

an inflammation of the skin in which the sebaceous glands (oil glands) become infected

with bacteria, swell up, and fill with pus. Excess sebum secretion by the oil glands is the

primary cause behind this problem. Pimples generally occur on the face, neck, back and

shoulders. Though not a critical condition, pimples can make a person feel miserable due

to their appearance.

Different types of acne

Whiteheads

A whitehead is a type of acne that forms

when dead skin cells, oil, and bacteria become

trapped within one of your pores. Whiteheads can

be annoying, and they may seem to develop at the

worst times. The good news, however, is that

whiteheads can be prevented with a combination

of lifestyle changes and medical treatments.

Blackheads

Blackheads are a feature of acne, a common

skin condition that involves lesions frequently

referred to as pimples, spots, zits, whiteheads

or blackheads. Blackheads are a specific kind

of dark acne lesion, so-called because they

contain oxidized melanin, the pigment made

by skin cells called melanocytes.


Papules

A papule is an area of abnormal skin tissue

that is less than one centimeter around. A papule

has distinct borders, and it can appear in a variety

of shapes. Papules are often called skin lesions,

which are essentially changes in the color or

texture of the skin. Oftentimes, papules

cluster together to form a rash.

Pustules

Pustules are small bumps on the skin that

contain fluid or pus. They usually present as white

bumps surrounded by red skin. These bumps look

very similar to pimples, but they can grow quite

big. Pustules may develop on any part of the body,

but they most commonly form on the back, chest,

and face. They may be found in clusters in the

same area of the body.

Nodules

A nodule is a growth of abnormal tissue.

Nodules can develop just below the skin. They

can also develop in deeper skin tissues or internal

organs. The thyroid gland and lymph nodes may

develop nodules as well. People can mistake other

conditions for nodules, such as small

cysts, boils, and abscesses.


Acne Conglobata

Acne conglobata is one of the most severe kinds

of acne, causing large, painful, pus-filled cysts deep

in the skin. This condition needs to be treated

aggressively by a dermatologist, usually with a

combination of medications, such as

isotretinoin (Accutane).

Symptoms of Acne

Acne commonly appears on the face and shoulders. It may also occur on the trunk,

arms, legs, and buttocks. Skin changes include crusting of skin bumps, cysts, papules

(small red bumps), pustules, redness around the skin eruptions, scarring of the skin,

whiteheads, and blackheads.

Causes of Acne

The sebaceous glands, which produce sebum, exist inside the pores of our skin. The

outer layers of our skin are being shed continuously. Sometimes, dead skin cells are left

behind and get stuck together by the sticky sebum, causing a blockage in the pore. Pore

blockage is more likely to occur during puberty (the process of physical changes by

which a child becomes an adult capable of reproduction) as the sebaceous glands produce

more sebum at this time.

Where sebum and dead skin cells accumulate and block a pore, this encourages the

growth of undesirable bacteria, including Propionibacteriumacnes - the slow-growing

bacterium linked to acne. Propionibacteriumacnes generally exists harmlessly on the

skin; however, when the conditions are right, it can reproduce more rapidly and become a
problem. The bacterium feeds off the sebum and produces a substance that causes an

immune response, leading to skin inflammation and spots.

Researchers at the Washington University School of Medicine identified two unique

strains of P. acnes in the skin of 20% of people with pimples, while those with healthy

skin tended not to harbor these strains. The situation was reversed for another strain of P.

acnes: those with pimples tended not to harbor this strain, but it was present in healthy

skin. As such, it seems that particular types of bacteria determine the severity and

frequency of pimples.

Pimples and acne have also been linked to yeast infections, with a group of yeasts

called Malassezia thought to be the key culprit. These yeasts grow on the skin of the

forehead and chest, but rarely on the sides of the face, and do not inhabit the same pores

as P. acnes. As such, treatments that seek to eradicate these yeasts or P. acnes can

unwittingly create ideal conditions for the other.3

People prone to acne have been found to have skin that is especially sensitive to

normal blood levels of testosterone - a natural hormone found in both males and females.

In such people, testosterone can trigger the sebaceous glands to produce excess sebum,

increasing the likelihood of clogged pores.

Development of acne

The skin is covered in millions of tiny little wells, or pores that sit at the hair

follicles. Pores connect the surface of the skin to an underlying gland called the

sebaceous gland. This gland produces an oily substance called sebum. Sebum is released

continually, in small amounts, into the hair follicles and skin. Dead skin cells are also
carried up with the sebum so they can be washed away. Occasionally, the sebaceous

gland produces too much sebum. The overflow of oil can clog the pore. The excess oil

and dead skin cells form a plug in the gland. This pore becomes clogged with sebum, oil,

and possibly bacteria. The bacteria can multiply. These bacteria can lead to an infection,

swelling, and inflammation around the clogged pore. A white tip of pus will sometimes

form at the top of the clogged pore. This creates a pimple.

Treatments for Acne


Wash the face regularly
Acne in teens is caused by several factors, but removing excess oils and grime from

the face at least twice daily can help prevent pores from getting clogged and

inflamed. Use an oil-free cleanser and thoroughly wash the entire face in the morning,

just prior to going to bed, and after exercising.

Don't forget to exfoliate the face


Exfoliating is also important for healthy skin because it removes the surface layer of

dead cells and helps to clean out clogged pores and remove superficial blackheads. Use

exfoliating pads made especially for the face and make sure both the pad and the face are

wet / moist. Apply a little bit of mild cleanser to the pad and lightly exfoliate in circular

motions all over the face. Then rinse with water and thoroughly dry the face with a clean

cloth or paper towel.

Consider using herbal remedies


There are many plant-based remedies that teens and adults use to combat acne

outbreaks, although scientific studies proving their effectiveness are usually limited.

Some work as antiseptics (kill bacteria), others as anti-inflammatories or antioxidants,

and still others as exfoliating (peeling) agents. Commonly used plant-based remedies for
acne include: tea tree oil extract, lemon juice extract, azelaic acid cream, licorice root

extract, raw (unripe) papaya fruit, green tea extract and aloe vera gel. Applying herbal

lotions and ointments to pimples at night after exfoliating the area may be more effective

because the medicinal plant compounds may be able to penetrate deeper underneath the

surface layer of the skin. Allow herbal treatments a few weeks to be effective.

Avoid touching the face


Many teens habitually touch their face and unconsciously pick at their pimples, but

that only makes acne worse. Bacteria can easily transfer from the hands and fingernails to

the face and start growing in clogged pores.

Avoid excessive makeup and lotions


During an acne breakout, use as little makeup as possible because it can easily clog

pores and promote the formation of pimples. Lipstick and eye shadow is likely fine, but

avoid applying heavy foundation, face powder and blush to areas affected by acne

especially cosmetic products that are oil-based. The same holds true for moisturizers.

Although keeping the face moisturized is helpful for preventing and combating acne and

the dryness that some acne medications can cause, any lotions and creams that use should

be water-based, not oil-based.

Keep well hydrated and eat healthy


For skin to maintain its health, it needs lots of water and essential nutrients, such as

vitamin C and omega-3 fatty acids. Water is lost in large quantities daily, so you need to

replace it regularly. Unfortunately, the skin is usually the last organ to get replenished

with water. As such, aim for 8 eight-ounce glasses of purified water on a daily basis. Skin

also needs nutrients, so avoid junk food with refined sugars and focus more on whole

grains, beans, nuts and fresh fruits and vegetables.


Ask the dermatologist about retinoids
Retinoids are a group of medications derived from vitamin A (such as retinol, Retin-

A, Stieva-A, Avita,Tazorac) that control growth and differentiation of skin cells, reduce

inflammation, deter bacterial growth and strengthen your immune response. Retinoids

can be very effective when used for acne, although they often cause a lot of peeling when

the first start using them and make the skin very sensitive to sunlight. Retinoid products

are available in many over-the-counter products, but stronger topicals and pills still

require a doctor's prescription.

Consider prescription antibiotics


Bacteria growth within clogged skin pores is a common cause of whiteheads or

pustules. Thus, using topical antibiotic creams or ointments can be helpful in treating

acute (inflamed) acne, which is similar to a skin infection. Topical antibiotics are often

combined with retinoids or benzoyl peroxide for the first few months of treatment sort

of a one-two punch for acne. When combined, the topical antibiotic is applied in the

morning and the topical retinoid in the evening before bedtime.

Hormonal Acne
Acne is a condition of the skin that shows up as different types of bumps. These

bumps can be blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, or cysts. Teens get acne because of the

hormonal changes that come with puberty. If the parents had acne as teens, it is more

likely that they will, too. The good news is that, for most people, acne goes away almost

completely by the time they are out of their teens.

The type of acne that a lot of teens get is called acne vulgaris (the meaning of

"vulgaris" is not as bad as it sounds it means "of the common type"). It usually shows

up on the face, neck, shoulders, upper back, and chest.


The hair follicles, or pores, in your skin contain sebaceous glands (also called oil

glands). These glands make sebum, which is an oil that lubricates your hair and skin.

Most of the time, the sebaceous glands make the right amount of sebum. As the body

begins to mature and develop, though, hormones stimulate the sebaceous glands to make

more sebum.

Pores become clogged if there is too much sebum and too many dead skin cells.

Bacteria (especially one called Propionibacterium acnes) can then get trapped inside the

pores and multiply. This causes swelling and redness the start of acne.

If a pore gets clogged up and closes but bulges out from the skin, you are left with

a whitehead. If a pore gets clogged up but stays open, the top surface can darken and it

left with a blackhead. Sometimes the wall of the pore opens, allowing sebum, bacteria,

and dead skin cells to make their way under the skin and it left with a small, red bump

called a pimple (sometimes pimples have a pus-filled top from the body's reaction to the

bacterial infection).

Clogged pores that open up very deep in the skin can cause nodules, which are

infected lumps or cysts that are bigger than pimples and can be painful. Occasionally,

large cysts that seem like acne may be boils caused by a staph infection.

Psychological Effect of Acne

The psychological and social impacts of acne are a huge concern, especially because

acne affects adolescents at a crucial period when they are developing their personalities.

During this time, peer acceptance is very important to the teenager and unfortunately it

has been found that there are strong links between physical appearance and attractiveness

and peer status.


In recent years, open discussions between patients and medical professionals have

revealed the impact acne has on the psyche. The following are some of the problems that

patients with acne may face.

Self-esteem and body image

Some embarrassed acne patients avoid eye contact. Some acne sufferers grow

their hair long to cover the face. Girls tend to wear heavy make-up to disguise the

pimples, even though they know that this sometimes aggravates their acne. Boys often

comment: "Acne is not such a problem for girls because they can wear make-up". Truncal

acne can reduce participation in sport such as swimming or rugby because of the need to

disrobe in public changing rooms.

Social withdrawal/relationship building

Acne, especially when it affects the face, provokes cruel taunts from other

teenagers. Some find it hard to form new relationships, especially with the opposite sex.

At a time when teenagers are learning to form relationships, those with acne may lack the

self-confidence to go out and make these bonds. They become shy and even reclusive.

The main concern is a fear of negative appraisal by others. In extreme cases a social

phobia can develop.

Education/work

Some children with acne refuse to go school, leading to poor academic performance.

Some people with acne take sick days from work, risking their jobs or livelihood. Acne

may reduce career choices, ruling out occupations such as modelling that depend upon

personal appearance. Acne patients are less successful in job applications; their lack of

confidence being as important as the potential employers' reaction to their spotty skin.
More people who have acne are unemployed than people who do not have acne. Many

young adults with acne seek medical help as they enter the workforce, where they

perceive that acne is unacceptable and that they "should have grown out of it by now".

Makeup can aggravate pimples


The main cause of this particular type of acne is the clogging of pores by certain

chemicals found in makeup. The worst offenders are petroleum based products because

they settle in the pores and prevent them from expelling sebum and dead skin cells. Once

a pore is clogged, acne bacteria can grow and cause inflammation from inside.

Certain types of makeup contain ingredients that can clog pores, cause allergic

reactions, and even skin problems like dermatitis. Some ingredients are much more

likely to contribute to breakouts that others. If you have sensitive or acne prone skin, your

best bet is to use non-comedogenic products, which means they will not clog your pores.

Unfortunately, manufacturers are not required to pass any type of test in order to claim

their products are non-comedogenic. Because of this reason, its always important to read

the ingredients of the skincare and makeup products in order to be sure.

Popping pimple is a Bad Idea

Popping pimples forces bacteria into surrounding tissues under the skin. When the

skin grows over them, the result is an even worse acne problem known as a cyst. The best

way to get rid of pimples is to treat them with benzoyl peroxide or tea tree oil gels and

creams. A pimple is an inflamed pore. The bacteria that cause acne ordinarily live just

inside the pore, consuming excess sebum. Their metabolisms slow down when they are

exposed to oxygen.
Acne causes the skin around the opening of a pore to tighten. This traps acne inside.

The acne continue to feed on sebum, growing and multiplying, but they do not flow out

to the surface of the skin. They release chemicals that make skin cells very sensitive to

immune system attacks, but they do not inflame the skin. Actually, it is the immune

system that does that. As long as the walls of the pore are intact, the chemical messengers

that tell the immune system Kill! Destroy! do not reach the bloodstream.

When a person squeeze a pimple, however, he injure the wall of the pore. The

inflammation signals produced by the acne bacteria reach the bloodstream, and the

immune system creates more inflammation, not less. If he squeeze out what looks like

pus and oil, the skin will grow over the wound, trapping the bacteria inside. With no pore

wall to separate them from the bloodstream, they send out constant signals calling for

immune destruction. Instead of a nasty pimple on your skin, you soon have a nasty cyst

or nodule in your skin. Popping pimples is never a good idea.

Factors that can make acne worse

Stress

Stress is a factor that can lead to the worsening of acne. Studies have shown that

patients with a less stressful life are less affected by acne.

Hormone Fluctuations

Hormones can be a cause of acne, and a fluctuation of hormones is definitely a

factor that can worsen existing acne or cause an acne flare up. A pregnancy, the

administration of hormones or birth control pills may all contribute to an unhealthy

hormone fluctuation. Birth control pills may cause acne; however, certain birth control
pills that have a male dominant may cure acne and the discontinuation of these pills may

lead to an acne flare up.

Makeup

The use of makeup and certain cosmetic products may cause acne. There may be

certain ingredients in the foundation that facilitate the occurrence of acne. There are also

different types of skin foundations formulated for dry or oily skin, and the use of an

unsuitable foundation may also cause acne. Certain night creams and lotions may cause

acne. Avoid products that contain isopropyl myristate.

Hair Products

Due to the fact that the hair touches the forehead and the rest of the face, certain

hair products may cause acne flare ups. Avoid shampoos and conditioners that contain

isopropyl myristate or lauryl sulfate, ingredients which are likely to cause skin irritation

and acne. People should also wash your hair frequently, depending on how oily it is;

having oily hair that touches the face will result in acne.

Dietary Factors

The diet can have a great impact on the skins health. Certain ingredients, such as

sugar or cocoa, may lead to an acne flare up. Foods that are rich in iodine will result in

iodine secreted by the skin pores and the occurrence of acne. Chips and salty foods

contain a lot of iodine. Asparagus is the only vegetable that is rich in iodine.

Excessive Touching of Face

Touching the face and popping blemishes may result in acne flare up. The

fingernails may hide a lot of bacteria underneath, which will contribute to the formation
of acne. People should avoid squeezing comedones, as this will cause the acne to persist

for a longer period of time. When squeezing a pimple, they only press the bacteria deeper

into the skin pores and this will make the infection more serious; in addition you may

also cause permanent scars.

Medication

Certain types of medication may cause acne flare ups. Some of these drugs include

Lithium, Dilantin or corticosteroids.

Pore Clogging

Pore clogging can cause acne; the skin needs to breathe and when it is covered by

clothes or headbands (especially those made of synthetic materials) for most of the day,

this may result in acne formation or the worsening of current acne.


Conclusion

Acne is an important disorder to treat, and it should not be dismissed as something

trivial or purely cosmetic. There are medical steps that can be taken to alleviate

symptoms. About ninety percent of all teenagers develop acne at or about the time of

puberty when hormonal levels change. This is the first and the key step in formation of

Acne in teenagers which is not addressed by other treatments in the market. They

influence not just appearance, but very frequently mood and self-appraisal. There have

been created lots of methods to treat acne disease, but it's difficult to say that there is one

universal method suitable for everyone. People also say that acne is a consequence of

dirty skin and poor skin care. It is true to a certain extent because washing face and

keeping it clean provides open and clean pores. But nevertheless, it is not the only cause

of pimples. It is a widespread idea that blackheads represent dirt clogged in the pores. A

person should realize that blackheads are actually caused by dead skin cells, so if

someone applies a lot of cleanser to his face he can make his problem even worse.

Everyone should wash their face with gentle cleanser twice a day. Keep in mind that a

person should also get a clean face before applying some medical creams or gels on it.

Lots of people suppose that acne and pimples are peculiar just to juveniles. Though

adolescents suffer from pimples and acne more frequently, acne can affect people of all

ages. And another important mistaken conception is that acne cannot be treated. It is

absolutely untrue, there are numerous treatment methods that assist in getting rid of acne

and prevent their recurring appearance.


Recommendation

Avoid touching the face or popping pimples. Use an astringent, these work best

when it comes to removing excess oil. Use a non-comedogenic moisturizer. Avoid

overloading your skin with products. Use exfoliating treatments and face masks once a

week. Protect your skin from the sun. Eat plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables. Drink

plenty of water. Use an over-the-counter cream like Benzoyl peroxide kills bacteria on

the surface of the skin, Salicylic acid is another ingredient which helps to kill pimple-

causing bacteria, and Azelaic acid minimizes the appearance of pimples by preventing the

build-up of oil and reducing inflammation and bacterial growth. Ask a dermatologist to

prescribe a stronger topical cream. In case of severe acne, consider isotretinoin

treatments. If you are female, think about using oral contraceptives. Find out about

professional treatments like laser therapy, light therapy, chemical peels, and

microdermabrasion. Try an ice cube, toothpaste, tea tree oil, fresh lemon oil which dry

out pimples, helping them to go away faster.


Glossary

Acne - is a long term skin disease that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with

dead skin cells and oil from the skin.

Adolescents - a young person who is developing into an adult.

Benzoyl Peroxide - used chiefly as a bleaching agent for flour, fats, oils, and waxes, and

as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.

Blackheads - a small, inflamed area on the skin with a dark spot in the middle.

Cyst - a growth filled with liquid that forms in or on your body.

Dermatologists - a doctor who specializes in the treatment of diseases of the skin.

Enzymes - any of various proteins, as pepsin, originating from living cells and capable of

producing certain chemical changes in organic substances by catalytic action, as in

digestion.

Hormones - a natural substance that is produced in the body and that influences the way

the body grows or develops.

Hair follicles - the tubular epithelial sheath that surrounds the lower part of the hair shaft

and encloses at the bottom a vascular papilla supplying the growing basal part of the hair

with nourishment.

Isotretinoin - is an oral pharmaceutical drug primarily used to treat severe nodular acne.

Jojoba oil - bearing seeds that are the source of an oil


Nodules - a small node, knot, or knob.

Puberty- the period of life when a person's sexual organs mature and he or she becomes

able to have children.

Pustules - a small bump on the skin that contains or produces pus.

Pimples - a small, red, swollen spot on the skin.

Pores - a very small opening on the surface of your skin that liquid comes out through

when you sweat.

Retinoid - any of a group of substances related to vitamin A and functioning like vitamin

A in the body.

Sebum - fatty lubricant matter secreted by sebaceous glands of the skin.

Scars - a mark left (as in the skin) by the healing of injured tissue.

Sebaceous gland - are microscopic exocrine glands in the skin that secrete an oily or

waxy matter, called sebum, to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair of mammals.

Teenagers - relating to people who are between 13 and 19 years old.

Tetracycline - used in medicine to treat a broad variety of infections.

Whiteheads - a small whitish lump in the skin due to retention of keratin in an oil gland

duct called also milium.


Bibliography

http://www.skincareguide.com/article/acne-treatments/factors-that-can-make-acne-

worse

http://www.proactiv.com/en_us/acne-myths.html

http://www.facingacne.com/pop-pimples/

http://www.behindthescenesmakeup.com/beauty-tips-tricks/is-your-makeup-

causing-acne/

http://www.dermnetnz.org/topics/psychological-effects-of-acne/

http://patient.info/health/acne-leaflet

http://www.niams.nih.gov/health_info/acne/

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/71702.php

https://www.scribd.com/doc/33583248/ACNE-A-Cause-of-Nightmare-to-Everyone-

Research-paper
Mark Anthony A. Legaspi
#16-B Mercurio St. Mabayuan
OLongapo City, Zambales 2200 Philippines
Mobile # 09278335005
Email: legaspimarkanthony01@yahoo.com

Personal Information:
Date of Birth : January 6, 2000
Place of Birth : Samal, Bataan
Nationality : Filipino
Status : Single
Citizenship : Filipino
Weight : 108.02 lbs.
Height : 58
Language : English, Tagalog
Fathers Name : Antonio M. Legaspi
Mothers Name : Weng A. Legaspi
Religion : Roman Catholic
Skills:
Computer Literate
Educational Background:

Tertiary AMA Computer College 2016-present

Olongapo.Zambales

Secondary Gordon Heights National High School 2012-1016

Olongapo, Zambales

Primary Mabayuan Elementary School 2007-2012

Olongapo, Zambales

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