Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A Term Paper
Presented to:
(Teacher)
Presented by:
Block-C1
Dedication
This research paper is dedicated to all readers, especially to the teenagers and
adults who are suffering from breakouts. This research paper would help to treat and
prevent acne. And lastly, the researcher would like to dedicate this research paper to the
The researcher would like to express his sincere gratitude to his instructor Ms.
Giecel Venice Mogol for the continuous support of his study and research, for her
patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. Her guidance helped the
researcher in all the time of research and writing of this research paper.
Besides his instructor, the researcher would like to thank his friends for helping him,
for the sleepless nights they were working together before deadlines. Also the researcher
would like to thank his family, and Almighty God for the support and inspiration.
Abstract
changes that is happening, acne occurs. Teens will find ways to counteract this problem
since teenage years is the time when an adolescent builds up his self-esteem and acne is a
The aim of this research paper is to clear out the misconceptions about the causes of
acne and inform the readers about it. The purpose of this research paper is to help the
teenagers and adults in their breakouts. This research shows the effect of pimples in
physical and mental health, how acne develop, the symptoms of acne. In this research
paper also are the recommendations for preventing and treating acne.
Introduction
changes that is happening, acne occurs. Teen will find ways to counteract this problem
since teenage years is the time when an adolescent builds up his self-esteem and acne is a
major hindrance to this. Acne is a condition of the skin that ranges in appearance from
raised bumps to pustules (large cysts and pimples). Acne is common that more than 80
percent of the population will have some form of it at some time in some time of their
lives. It is the commonly used name for pores clogged by sebum (also known as
whiteheads and blackheads), pimples, nodules or cysts that can appear on the face, neck,
Most teenagers and a good number of adults suffer from acne for more or less
extended periods of time. The condition is not confined to any group, race, or sex. It
affects hundreds of millions of people across the world. The biggest problems with acne
are the unpleasant look of pimples and the scars they may leave behind. Although there
are several theories about what causes acne, authorities generally believe that acne is a
by-product of hormonal changes in the body during puberty- that period of life when a
child develops the secondary sex characteristics (such as facial and body hair, deepened
voice, and increased muscle mass in boys and breast development and breast
(particularly the male hormone testosterone) increases and stimulates sebaceous glands in
the skin to produce sebum (an oily secretion). Most excess oil produced by these glands
leaves the skin through the hair follicles (the tube like structures from which the hair
develops). Sometimes, oil clogs these tubes and creates comedones (blocked hair
is estimated that about 3 in 10 teenagers have acne bad enough to need treatment to
prevent scarring. Untreated acne usually lasts about 4-5 years before settling. However, it
can last for many years in some cases. There are many myths about what causes acne.
Chocolate and greasy foods are often blamed, but there is little evidence that foods have
much effect on acne in most people. Another common myth is that dirty skin causes acne;
however, blackheads and pimples are not caused by dirt. Stress doesn't cause acne, but
year-olds will get acne at some time. Acne can affect people of all races and all ages. It
most commonly affects adolescents and young adults, although there are people in their
fifties who still get acne. Some studies indicate that a susceptibility to acne could also be
genetic. Some medications that contain androgen and lithium may cause acne. Greasy
cosmetics may cause acne in some susceptible people. Hormone changes during
pregnancy may cause acne either to develop for the first time, or to recur.
Review of Related Literature
Acne is a disorder resulting from the action of hormones and other substances on
the skins oil glands (sebaceous glands) and hair follicles. These factors lead to plugged
pores and outbreaks of lesions commonly called pimples or zits. Acne lesions usually
occur on the face, neck, back, chest, and shoulders. Although acne is usually not a serious
health threat, it can be a source of significant emotional distress. Severe acne can lead to
permanent scarring.
Doctors describe acne as a disease of the pilosebaceous units (PSUs). Found over
most of the body, pilosebaceous units consist of a sebaceous gland connected to a canal,
called a follicle, which contains a fine hair. These units are most numerous on the face,
upper back, and chest. The sebaceous glands make an oily substance called sebum that
normally empties onto the skin surface through the opening of the follicle, commonly
called a pore. Cells called keratinocytes line the follicle. The hair, sebum, and
keratinocytes that fill the narrow follicle may produce a plug, which is an early sign of
acne. The plug prevents sebum from reaching the surface of the skin through a pore. The
mixture of oil and cells allows bacteria Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) that normally
live on the skin to grow in the plugged follicles. These bacteria produce chemicals and
enzymes and attract white blood cells that cause inflammation. (Inflammation is a
swelling, redness, heat, and pain). When the wall of the plugged follicle breaks down, it
spills everything into the nearby skinsebum, shed skin cells, and bacterialeading to
lesions or pimples.
People with acne frequently have a variety of lesions. The basic acne lesion, called
the comedo (KOM-e-do), is simply an enlarged and plugged hair follicle. If the comedo
stays beneath the skin, it is called a closed comedo and produces a white bump called a
whitehead. A comedo that reaches the surface of the skin and opens up is called an open
comedo or blackhead because it looks black on the skins surface. This black
discoloration is due to changes in sebum as it is exposed to air. It is not due to dirt. Both
whiteheads and blackheads may stay in the skin for a long time.
Other troublesome acne lesions can develop, including the papules, pustules,
nodules, and cysts. The papules is the inflamed lesions that usually appear as small, pink
bumps on the skin and can be tender to the touch. Pustules is the papules topped by
white or yellow pus-filled lesions that may be red at the base. Nodules is the large,
painful, solid lesions that are lodged deep within the skin. And cysts is the deep,, painful,
The exact cause of acne is unknown, but doctors believe it results from several
related factors. One important factor is an increase in hormones called androgens (male
sex hormones). These increase in both boys and girls during puberty and cause the
sebaceous glands to enlarge and make more sebum. Hormonal changes related to
pregnancy or starting or stopping birth control pills can also cause acne. Another factor is
heredity or genetics. Researchers believe that the tendency to develop acne can be
inherited from parents. For example, studies have shown that many school-age boys with
acne have a family history of the disorder. Certain drugs, including androgens and
lithium, are known to cause acne. Greasy cosmetics may alter the cells of the follicles and
often blamed, but there is little evidence that foods have much effect on the development
and course of acne in most people. Another common myth is that dirty skin causes acne;
however, blackheads and other acne lesions are not caused by dirt. Stress doesnt cause
acne, but research suggests that for people who have acne, stress can make it worse.
People of all races and ages get acne. It is most common in adolescents and young
adults. An estimated 80 percent of all people between the ages of 11 and 30 have acne
outbreaks at some point. For most people, acne tends to go away by the time they reach
their thirties; however, some people in their forties and fifties continue to have this skin
problem.
Acne is often treated by dermatologists, who are doctors who specialize in skin
problems. These doctors treat all kinds of acne, particularly severe cases. Doctors who
are general or family practitioners, pediatricians, or internists may treat patients with
milder cases of acne. The goals of treatment are to heal existing lesions, stop new lesions
from forming, prevent scarring, and minimize the psychological stress and
problems that play a part in causing acne; abnormal clumping of cells in the follicles,
All medicines can have side effects. Some side effects may be more severe than
others. People with acne should review the package insert that comes with the medicine
and ask the health care provider or pharmacist if they have any questions about the
possible side effects. Depending on the extent of the problem, the doctor may recommend
one of several over-the-counter (OTC) medicines and/or prescription medicines. Some of
these medicines may be topical (applied to the skin), and others may be oral (taken by
mouth). The doctor may suggest using more than one topical medicine or combining oral
with mild signs of acne. Topical medicine is applied directly to the acne lesions or to the
entire area of affected skin. There are several OTC topical medicines used for mild acne.
Each works a little differently. Topical OTC medicines are available in many forms, such
as gels, lotions, creams, soaps, or pads. In some people, OTC acne medicines may cause
side effects such as skin irritation, burning, or redness, which often get better or go away
with continued use of the medicine. If you experience severe or prolonged side effects,
you should report them to your doctor. OTC topical medicines are somewhat effective in
treating acne when used regularly; however, it may take up to 8 weeks before you see
noticeable improvement.
lotions, solutions, gels, or pads. The doctor will consider the skin type when prescribing a
product. Creams and lotions provide moisture and tend to be good choices for people
with sensitive skin. If they have very oily skin or live in a hot, humid climate, they may
prefer an alcohol-based gel or solution, which tends to dry the skin. The doctor will tell to
them how to apply the medicine and how often to use it. For some people, prescription
topical medicines cause minor side effects including stinging, burning, redness, peeling,
scaling, or discoloration of the skin. With some medicines, these side effects usually
decrease or go away after the medicine is used for a period of time. If side effects are
For patients with moderate-to-severe acne, doctors often prescribe oral antibiotics.
Oral antibiotics are thought to help control acne by curbing the growth of bacteria and
Common antibiotics used to treat acne are tetracycline, minocycline, and doxycycline.
sulfonamides. Some people taking these antibiotics have side effects, such as an upset
sunburn. Because tetracyclines may affect tooth and bone formation in fetuses and young
children, these drugs are not given to pregnant women or children under age 14. There is
some concern, although it has not been proven, that tetracycline and minocycline may
decrease the effectiveness of birth control pills. Therefore, a backup or another form of
birth control may be needed. Prolonged treatment with oral antibiotics may be necessary
People with acne, should gently wash their face with a mild cleanser, once in the
morning and once in the evening, as well as after heavy exercise. Wash their face from
under the jaw to the hairline and be sure to thoroughly rinse their skin. Ask the doctor or
another health professional for advice on the best type of cleanser to use. Using strong
soaps or rough scrub pads is not helpful and can actually make the problem worse.
Astringents are not recommended unless the skin is very oily, and then they should be
used only on oily spots. It is also important to shampoo the hair regularly. If they have
oily hair, they may want to wash it every day. Avoid frequently handling on the skin,
avoid rubbing and touching skin lesions. Squeezing, pinching or picking blemishes can
lead to the development of scars or dark blotches. Shave carefully, many both electric and
safety razors to see which is more comfortable. When using a safety razor, make sure the
blade is sharp and soften the hair thoroughly with soap and water before applying shaving
cream. Shave gently and only when necessary to reduce the risk of nicking blemishes.
Avoid a sunburn or suntan, many of the medicines used to treat acne can make more
prone to sunburn. A sunburn that reddens the skin or suntan that darkens the skin may
make blemishes less visible and make the skin feel drier. However, these benefits are
only temporary, and there are known risks of excessive sun exposure, such as more rapid
skin aging and a risk of developing skin cancer. Choose Cosmetics Carefully, while
undergoing acne treatment, they may need to change some of the cosmetics they use. All
cosmetics and hair-care products should be oil free. Choose products labeled non
comedogenic (meaning they dont promote the formation of closed pores). In some
Medical researchers are looking for new drugs to treat acne to replace some of
those in current use. As with many other types of bacterial infections, doctors are finding
that, over time, the bacteria that are associated with acne are becoming resistant to
treatment with certain antibiotics, though it is not clear how significant a problem this
understand its association with acne. Some researchers are trying to identify probiotics to
treat acne-affected skin. Scientists are also trying to better understand the mechanisms
involved in acne so that they can develop new treatments that work on those mechanisms.
Methodology
The descriptive method of research was used in this study. Descriptive method of
research is a fact-finding study with sufficient and accurate interpretation of the findings.
It describes with emphasis what actually exist such as current conditions, practices,
situations, or any phenomena. Since the study or investigation was only concerned about
acne, the whole research is only focusing attention on it. The descriptive method was the
most appropriate or fitted to use. The method of collecting data used was through sorting
documents and references through the help of the relevant reference works like
encyclopedias, dictionaries and some journals regarding acne and by using internet that
provides new updated information about certain topic. The researcher did the mechanics
of gathering source materials, taking notes, and documenting sources with a deeper
analysis and interpretation. The other instrument used to collect data was the survey. The
survey was given to the teenagers and adults to fill up for validation. It was given to them
because they are the only available respondents and fitted to the study (because almost of
the teenagers and adults suffered and are suffering from acne). The needed data were
completed and had been validated. The copies of the survey were distributed personally
by the researcher to the respondents. Just after the few minutes, all the copies distributed
an inflammation of the skin in which the sebaceous glands (oil glands) become infected
with bacteria, swell up, and fill with pus. Excess sebum secretion by the oil glands is the
primary cause behind this problem. Pimples generally occur on the face, neck, back and
shoulders. Though not a critical condition, pimples can make a person feel miserable due
to their appearance.
Whiteheads
Blackheads
Pustules
Nodules
isotretinoin (Accutane).
Symptoms of Acne
Acne commonly appears on the face and shoulders. It may also occur on the trunk,
arms, legs, and buttocks. Skin changes include crusting of skin bumps, cysts, papules
(small red bumps), pustules, redness around the skin eruptions, scarring of the skin,
Causes of Acne
The sebaceous glands, which produce sebum, exist inside the pores of our skin. The
outer layers of our skin are being shed continuously. Sometimes, dead skin cells are left
behind and get stuck together by the sticky sebum, causing a blockage in the pore. Pore
blockage is more likely to occur during puberty (the process of physical changes by
which a child becomes an adult capable of reproduction) as the sebaceous glands produce
Where sebum and dead skin cells accumulate and block a pore, this encourages the
skin; however, when the conditions are right, it can reproduce more rapidly and become a
problem. The bacterium feeds off the sebum and produces a substance that causes an
strains of P. acnes in the skin of 20% of people with pimples, while those with healthy
skin tended not to harbor these strains. The situation was reversed for another strain of P.
acnes: those with pimples tended not to harbor this strain, but it was present in healthy
skin. As such, it seems that particular types of bacteria determine the severity and
frequency of pimples.
Pimples and acne have also been linked to yeast infections, with a group of yeasts
called Malassezia thought to be the key culprit. These yeasts grow on the skin of the
forehead and chest, but rarely on the sides of the face, and do not inhabit the same pores
as P. acnes. As such, treatments that seek to eradicate these yeasts or P. acnes can
People prone to acne have been found to have skin that is especially sensitive to
normal blood levels of testosterone - a natural hormone found in both males and females.
In such people, testosterone can trigger the sebaceous glands to produce excess sebum,
Development of acne
The skin is covered in millions of tiny little wells, or pores that sit at the hair
follicles. Pores connect the surface of the skin to an underlying gland called the
sebaceous gland. This gland produces an oily substance called sebum. Sebum is released
continually, in small amounts, into the hair follicles and skin. Dead skin cells are also
carried up with the sebum so they can be washed away. Occasionally, the sebaceous
gland produces too much sebum. The overflow of oil can clog the pore. The excess oil
and dead skin cells form a plug in the gland. This pore becomes clogged with sebum, oil,
and possibly bacteria. The bacteria can multiply. These bacteria can lead to an infection,
swelling, and inflammation around the clogged pore. A white tip of pus will sometimes
the face at least twice daily can help prevent pores from getting clogged and
inflamed. Use an oil-free cleanser and thoroughly wash the entire face in the morning,
dead cells and helps to clean out clogged pores and remove superficial blackheads. Use
exfoliating pads made especially for the face and make sure both the pad and the face are
wet / moist. Apply a little bit of mild cleanser to the pad and lightly exfoliate in circular
motions all over the face. Then rinse with water and thoroughly dry the face with a clean
outbreaks, although scientific studies proving their effectiveness are usually limited.
and still others as exfoliating (peeling) agents. Commonly used plant-based remedies for
acne include: tea tree oil extract, lemon juice extract, azelaic acid cream, licorice root
extract, raw (unripe) papaya fruit, green tea extract and aloe vera gel. Applying herbal
lotions and ointments to pimples at night after exfoliating the area may be more effective
because the medicinal plant compounds may be able to penetrate deeper underneath the
surface layer of the skin. Allow herbal treatments a few weeks to be effective.
that only makes acne worse. Bacteria can easily transfer from the hands and fingernails to
pores and promote the formation of pimples. Lipstick and eye shadow is likely fine, but
avoid applying heavy foundation, face powder and blush to areas affected by acne
especially cosmetic products that are oil-based. The same holds true for moisturizers.
Although keeping the face moisturized is helpful for preventing and combating acne and
the dryness that some acne medications can cause, any lotions and creams that use should
vitamin C and omega-3 fatty acids. Water is lost in large quantities daily, so you need to
replace it regularly. Unfortunately, the skin is usually the last organ to get replenished
with water. As such, aim for 8 eight-ounce glasses of purified water on a daily basis. Skin
also needs nutrients, so avoid junk food with refined sugars and focus more on whole
A, Stieva-A, Avita,Tazorac) that control growth and differentiation of skin cells, reduce
inflammation, deter bacterial growth and strengthen your immune response. Retinoids
can be very effective when used for acne, although they often cause a lot of peeling when
the first start using them and make the skin very sensitive to sunlight. Retinoid products
are available in many over-the-counter products, but stronger topicals and pills still
pustules. Thus, using topical antibiotic creams or ointments can be helpful in treating
acute (inflamed) acne, which is similar to a skin infection. Topical antibiotics are often
combined with retinoids or benzoyl peroxide for the first few months of treatment sort
of a one-two punch for acne. When combined, the topical antibiotic is applied in the
Hormonal Acne
Acne is a condition of the skin that shows up as different types of bumps. These
bumps can be blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, or cysts. Teens get acne because of the
hormonal changes that come with puberty. If the parents had acne as teens, it is more
likely that they will, too. The good news is that, for most people, acne goes away almost
The type of acne that a lot of teens get is called acne vulgaris (the meaning of
"vulgaris" is not as bad as it sounds it means "of the common type"). It usually shows
glands). These glands make sebum, which is an oil that lubricates your hair and skin.
Most of the time, the sebaceous glands make the right amount of sebum. As the body
begins to mature and develop, though, hormones stimulate the sebaceous glands to make
more sebum.
Pores become clogged if there is too much sebum and too many dead skin cells.
Bacteria (especially one called Propionibacterium acnes) can then get trapped inside the
pores and multiply. This causes swelling and redness the start of acne.
If a pore gets clogged up and closes but bulges out from the skin, you are left with
a whitehead. If a pore gets clogged up but stays open, the top surface can darken and it
left with a blackhead. Sometimes the wall of the pore opens, allowing sebum, bacteria,
and dead skin cells to make their way under the skin and it left with a small, red bump
called a pimple (sometimes pimples have a pus-filled top from the body's reaction to the
bacterial infection).
Clogged pores that open up very deep in the skin can cause nodules, which are
infected lumps or cysts that are bigger than pimples and can be painful. Occasionally,
large cysts that seem like acne may be boils caused by a staph infection.
The psychological and social impacts of acne are a huge concern, especially because
acne affects adolescents at a crucial period when they are developing their personalities.
During this time, peer acceptance is very important to the teenager and unfortunately it
has been found that there are strong links between physical appearance and attractiveness
revealed the impact acne has on the psyche. The following are some of the problems that
Some embarrassed acne patients avoid eye contact. Some acne sufferers grow
their hair long to cover the face. Girls tend to wear heavy make-up to disguise the
pimples, even though they know that this sometimes aggravates their acne. Boys often
comment: "Acne is not such a problem for girls because they can wear make-up". Truncal
acne can reduce participation in sport such as swimming or rugby because of the need to
Acne, especially when it affects the face, provokes cruel taunts from other
teenagers. Some find it hard to form new relationships, especially with the opposite sex.
At a time when teenagers are learning to form relationships, those with acne may lack the
self-confidence to go out and make these bonds. They become shy and even reclusive.
The main concern is a fear of negative appraisal by others. In extreme cases a social
Education/work
Some children with acne refuse to go school, leading to poor academic performance.
Some people with acne take sick days from work, risking their jobs or livelihood. Acne
may reduce career choices, ruling out occupations such as modelling that depend upon
personal appearance. Acne patients are less successful in job applications; their lack of
confidence being as important as the potential employers' reaction to their spotty skin.
More people who have acne are unemployed than people who do not have acne. Many
young adults with acne seek medical help as they enter the workforce, where they
perceive that acne is unacceptable and that they "should have grown out of it by now".
chemicals found in makeup. The worst offenders are petroleum based products because
they settle in the pores and prevent them from expelling sebum and dead skin cells. Once
a pore is clogged, acne bacteria can grow and cause inflammation from inside.
Certain types of makeup contain ingredients that can clog pores, cause allergic
reactions, and even skin problems like dermatitis. Some ingredients are much more
likely to contribute to breakouts that others. If you have sensitive or acne prone skin, your
best bet is to use non-comedogenic products, which means they will not clog your pores.
Unfortunately, manufacturers are not required to pass any type of test in order to claim
their products are non-comedogenic. Because of this reason, its always important to read
Popping pimples forces bacteria into surrounding tissues under the skin. When the
skin grows over them, the result is an even worse acne problem known as a cyst. The best
way to get rid of pimples is to treat them with benzoyl peroxide or tea tree oil gels and
creams. A pimple is an inflamed pore. The bacteria that cause acne ordinarily live just
inside the pore, consuming excess sebum. Their metabolisms slow down when they are
exposed to oxygen.
Acne causes the skin around the opening of a pore to tighten. This traps acne inside.
The acne continue to feed on sebum, growing and multiplying, but they do not flow out
to the surface of the skin. They release chemicals that make skin cells very sensitive to
immune system attacks, but they do not inflame the skin. Actually, it is the immune
system that does that. As long as the walls of the pore are intact, the chemical messengers
that tell the immune system Kill! Destroy! do not reach the bloodstream.
When a person squeeze a pimple, however, he injure the wall of the pore. The
inflammation signals produced by the acne bacteria reach the bloodstream, and the
immune system creates more inflammation, not less. If he squeeze out what looks like
pus and oil, the skin will grow over the wound, trapping the bacteria inside. With no pore
wall to separate them from the bloodstream, they send out constant signals calling for
immune destruction. Instead of a nasty pimple on your skin, you soon have a nasty cyst
Stress
Stress is a factor that can lead to the worsening of acne. Studies have shown that
Hormone Fluctuations
factor that can worsen existing acne or cause an acne flare up. A pregnancy, the
hormone fluctuation. Birth control pills may cause acne; however, certain birth control
pills that have a male dominant may cure acne and the discontinuation of these pills may
Makeup
The use of makeup and certain cosmetic products may cause acne. There may be
certain ingredients in the foundation that facilitate the occurrence of acne. There are also
different types of skin foundations formulated for dry or oily skin, and the use of an
unsuitable foundation may also cause acne. Certain night creams and lotions may cause
Hair Products
Due to the fact that the hair touches the forehead and the rest of the face, certain
hair products may cause acne flare ups. Avoid shampoos and conditioners that contain
isopropyl myristate or lauryl sulfate, ingredients which are likely to cause skin irritation
and acne. People should also wash your hair frequently, depending on how oily it is;
having oily hair that touches the face will result in acne.
Dietary Factors
The diet can have a great impact on the skins health. Certain ingredients, such as
sugar or cocoa, may lead to an acne flare up. Foods that are rich in iodine will result in
iodine secreted by the skin pores and the occurrence of acne. Chips and salty foods
contain a lot of iodine. Asparagus is the only vegetable that is rich in iodine.
Touching the face and popping blemishes may result in acne flare up. The
fingernails may hide a lot of bacteria underneath, which will contribute to the formation
of acne. People should avoid squeezing comedones, as this will cause the acne to persist
for a longer period of time. When squeezing a pimple, they only press the bacteria deeper
into the skin pores and this will make the infection more serious; in addition you may
Medication
Certain types of medication may cause acne flare ups. Some of these drugs include
Pore Clogging
Pore clogging can cause acne; the skin needs to breathe and when it is covered by
clothes or headbands (especially those made of synthetic materials) for most of the day,
trivial or purely cosmetic. There are medical steps that can be taken to alleviate
symptoms. About ninety percent of all teenagers develop acne at or about the time of
puberty when hormonal levels change. This is the first and the key step in formation of
Acne in teenagers which is not addressed by other treatments in the market. They
influence not just appearance, but very frequently mood and self-appraisal. There have
been created lots of methods to treat acne disease, but it's difficult to say that there is one
universal method suitable for everyone. People also say that acne is a consequence of
dirty skin and poor skin care. It is true to a certain extent because washing face and
keeping it clean provides open and clean pores. But nevertheless, it is not the only cause
of pimples. It is a widespread idea that blackheads represent dirt clogged in the pores. A
person should realize that blackheads are actually caused by dead skin cells, so if
someone applies a lot of cleanser to his face he can make his problem even worse.
Everyone should wash their face with gentle cleanser twice a day. Keep in mind that a
person should also get a clean face before applying some medical creams or gels on it.
Lots of people suppose that acne and pimples are peculiar just to juveniles. Though
adolescents suffer from pimples and acne more frequently, acne can affect people of all
ages. And another important mistaken conception is that acne cannot be treated. It is
absolutely untrue, there are numerous treatment methods that assist in getting rid of acne
Avoid touching the face or popping pimples. Use an astringent, these work best
overloading your skin with products. Use exfoliating treatments and face masks once a
week. Protect your skin from the sun. Eat plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables. Drink
plenty of water. Use an over-the-counter cream like Benzoyl peroxide kills bacteria on
the surface of the skin, Salicylic acid is another ingredient which helps to kill pimple-
causing bacteria, and Azelaic acid minimizes the appearance of pimples by preventing the
build-up of oil and reducing inflammation and bacterial growth. Ask a dermatologist to
treatments. If you are female, think about using oral contraceptives. Find out about
professional treatments like laser therapy, light therapy, chemical peels, and
microdermabrasion. Try an ice cube, toothpaste, tea tree oil, fresh lemon oil which dry
Acne - is a long term skin disease that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with
Benzoyl Peroxide - used chiefly as a bleaching agent for flour, fats, oils, and waxes, and
Blackheads - a small, inflamed area on the skin with a dark spot in the middle.
Enzymes - any of various proteins, as pepsin, originating from living cells and capable of
digestion.
Hormones - a natural substance that is produced in the body and that influences the way
Hair follicles - the tubular epithelial sheath that surrounds the lower part of the hair shaft
and encloses at the bottom a vascular papilla supplying the growing basal part of the hair
with nourishment.
Isotretinoin - is an oral pharmaceutical drug primarily used to treat severe nodular acne.
Puberty- the period of life when a person's sexual organs mature and he or she becomes
Pores - a very small opening on the surface of your skin that liquid comes out through
Retinoid - any of a group of substances related to vitamin A and functioning like vitamin
A in the body.
Scars - a mark left (as in the skin) by the healing of injured tissue.
Sebaceous gland - are microscopic exocrine glands in the skin that secrete an oily or
waxy matter, called sebum, to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair of mammals.
Whiteheads - a small whitish lump in the skin due to retention of keratin in an oil gland
http://www.skincareguide.com/article/acne-treatments/factors-that-can-make-acne-
worse
http://www.proactiv.com/en_us/acne-myths.html
http://www.facingacne.com/pop-pimples/
http://www.behindthescenesmakeup.com/beauty-tips-tricks/is-your-makeup-
causing-acne/
http://www.dermnetnz.org/topics/psychological-effects-of-acne/
http://patient.info/health/acne-leaflet
http://www.niams.nih.gov/health_info/acne/
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/71702.php
https://www.scribd.com/doc/33583248/ACNE-A-Cause-of-Nightmare-to-Everyone-
Research-paper
Mark Anthony A. Legaspi
#16-B Mercurio St. Mabayuan
OLongapo City, Zambales 2200 Philippines
Mobile # 09278335005
Email: legaspimarkanthony01@yahoo.com
Personal Information:
Date of Birth : January 6, 2000
Place of Birth : Samal, Bataan
Nationality : Filipino
Status : Single
Citizenship : Filipino
Weight : 108.02 lbs.
Height : 58
Language : English, Tagalog
Fathers Name : Antonio M. Legaspi
Mothers Name : Weng A. Legaspi
Religion : Roman Catholic
Skills:
Computer Literate
Educational Background:
Olongapo.Zambales
Olongapo, Zambales
Olongapo, Zambales