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REFERENCING GUIDE

compiled by

School of Humanities
Griffith University
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 2

2. TABLES ......................................................................................................................................... 3

TABLE ONE: BOOKS & PRINT BASED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS ................................ 3

TABLE TWO: JOURNALS, PERIODICALS, NEWSPAPERS & MAGAZINES ................... 9

TABLE THREE: AUDIO VISUAL ............................................................................................. 13

TABLE FOUR: UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS ....................................................................... 15

TABLE FIVE: GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS .................................................................. 17

TABLE SIX: WORLD WIDE WEB AND ELECTRONIC ONLY SOURCES ...................... 21

3. BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................................... 23

Please report any errors, typographical or otherwise, to S.Lovell@griffith.edu.au

School of Humanities Referencing Guide 1


1. INTRODUCTION

The Harvard system, also known as the author/date system, is not based on a singular
source document. This guide, like most Australian university Harvard referencing
guides, is based on Commonwealth of Australia 2002, Style Manual: for authors, editors
and printers, 6th edn, rev. Snooks & Co, John Wiley & Sons, Australia, Milton, with
additional material and updates reflecting best practice in the tertiary sector. The
Harvard system has two components:

a) In-text citations (also known as short references and in-text references) which list
the author, year of publication and page number in brackets at the relevant
place, usually the end of a sentence, phrase or clause or immediately after a
quotation. They act as a form of shorthand so that readers can turn to the
bibliography or references and check for full details if they wish to pursue an idea.

b) The Reference List provides full bibliographic details for all sources referred to in your
assignment so that readers can easily locate them. Each different source referenced with an
in-text citation in your essay must have a corresponding entry in your Reference List.
Hanging indent format of list is not required.

It is important to note that the reference list is not a bibliography. A bibliography


lists everything you may have consulted, while a reference list consists of only those
sources for which you provide in-text references. A bibliography is not needed
unless specifically requested by your lecturer.

Rules for Referencing

All referencing follows very simple rules based on commonsense questions. In their
simplest form, these are:

Who wrote it?


When was it published?
What is it called? Or, in which journal did it appear?
Who published it? Or, in which volume and issue number of the journal?

Presentation matters. Follow exactly the punctuation use of upper and lower case, italics
or plain text, use or absence of quote marks, use of dashes and abbreviations that appear
in the following tables.

Note:
In the following guide some entries are fictitious and others are real. No quotations
attributed to the sources are real.

School of Humanities Referencing Guide 2


2. TABLES

TABLE ONE: BOOKS & PRINT BASED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS


Source Type In-text Citation Format List of references Format Note this feature

1. Book It was meaningless rubbish; a fact Franklin Dam issues 2000, Greenpeace Publications, When there is no author, the title of the
that every politician worth his salt Hobart. book takes that position.
No author knew Franklin Dam issues (2000,
p. 16). Style manual: for authors, editors and printers, 6th edn, In-text citations MUST feature page
2002, rev.3, Snooks & Co., John Wiley & Sons, Milton, numbers
OR Qld.
As a proper noun Franklin Dam is
The most recent edition of Franklin capitalised.
Dam issues claims every politician
worth his salt (2000, p. 16) knew
nothing was being done.

This guide was prepared for Griffith


university students using the
standard text for Harvard
referencing in Australian publishing
(Style manual for authors, editors
and printers 2002).

2. Book The current issue for masculinity is Bly, Robert 1990, All about men, Routledge, New York. Italics and minimal capitalisation in book
its unpopular image (Bly 1990, p. titles.
Single author 72).
A comma separates all bibliographic
OR elements after the year.

Robert Bly argues that the Note: no comma between authors name
unpopular image (1990, p. 72) of and the year.
Source Type In-text Citation Format List of references Format Note this feature

3. Book Most undergraduates know much Beasty, Frank, Tingle, Mary & Poppin, Paul 2007, The ampersand (&) in the in-text citation is
more than they imagine (Beasty, Understanding referencing at undergraduate level, replaced by the word and when it appears
Two or three authors Tingle and Poppin 2007, p. 5) about Random House, London. in the written text, but the ampersand is
straightforward referencing. again valid in the Reference List.

According to Beasty, Tingle and Names appear in order they appear on the
Poppin most undergraduates know title page.
much more than they imagine
(2007, p. 5) about referencing.

4. Book Ornithologists are concerned about Swan, Ben, Franks, Jill, Marvin, Eddie, Lanks, Pat & Foreign phrases that are not common
the increasingly severe results of Somers, David 2006, Global warming and birds in the English usage, e.g. et al should be
Four or more authors global warming on migratory wild, Faber & Faber, New York. italicised.
patterns in some nomadic birds
(Swan et al 2006, p. 95). Select a reputable dictionary to determine
whether common usage applies. Italics in
OR the dictionary dictate the format of your
work. Use the same dictionary throughout
Swan et al claim the increasingly the paper.
severe results of global warming
(2006, p. 95) are already All names, separated by a comma with the
detrimental to some birds. exception of an ampersand between the
last two, appear in the Reference List.

5. Book Vegetarians should research the Vegetarians united, see European, Asian and Use abbreviation consistently and in the
Very long name of many alternative sources of plant- Australasian vegetarians united. reference list to cross-reference the same
authoring body rather based protein available abbreviation to the full term.
than a (Vegetarians united 2007, p.6) European, Asian and Australasian vegetarians united
person 2007, Going plant-based, Whole Earth Publications, Long titles may be abbreviated and cross
Sydney. referenced using an italicised entry in the
appropriate location in the reference list

School of Humanities Referencing Guide 4



Source Type In-text Citation Format List of references Format Note this feature

6. Book Frederick Green has been Green, Frederick 1995, Youth and society in the eighties, In-text citation years separated by a
researching this issue for a decade Virago Press, London comma.
Multiple works by (Green 1995, 2000, 2008).
same author in one 2000, Youth and society in the nineties, Virago If page numbers were used in the in- text
assignment or paper Green frequently uses the same Press, London citation, a semi colon separates the entries
examples (1995, p.16; 2000, p.98; because a comma separates year and the
2008, p.5). 2008, Youth and society in the noughties, Virago p of page and a full stop is used after the
Press, London p already.

Repeated name in Reference List replaced


by a double dash without a space following
before date.

Presented chronologically from least to


most recent.

The hanging format of the entry.

7. Book Frederick Green is arguably the Green, Frederick 2000a, Adolescence to adulthood, Sequence is dictated alphabetically
most prolific author in this field Jacaranda, Brisbane, Australia letter by letter: Adolescence, Age, Youth.
More than one work in (Green 2000a; 2000b; 2000c). If articles (a, the, an) are
same year by same 2000b, Age and competency-based learning, present, they are disregarded.
author. Jacaranda, Brisbane, Australia
Repeated name in Reference List replaced
2000c, Youth and society in the nineties, Virago by a double dash without a space
Press, London following.

8. Book The autobiography, (Potter MJ Potter, Claire 2005, Not while Im alive to tell the tale, In-text citation features first initial to
2002) was hotly disputed by several Moody Press, Halifax. disambiguate authors
Different authors with members of the family, including
the same surname her daughter (Potter C 2005). Potter, Marion J. 2002, One dark night in winter, Moody List alphabetically according to first initial
Press, Halifax. of authors first name.

School of Humanities Referencing Guide 5



Source Type In-text Citation Format List of references Format Note this feature

9. Book It is hard to believe that this was the Brent of Bin Bin (Stella Marie Miles Franklin) 1928, Up Could also be written as:
same person who wrote Up the the country: A tale of early Australian squattocracy, Brent of Bin Bin (Pseud. of Stella Marie
Country (Brent of Bin Bin 1928, p. Blackwood, Edinburgh. Miles Franklin) 1928,
Pseudonym 54) OR:
Brent of Bin Bin (Pseud.) 1928,

10. Book All they could do was put a nose, Bradshaw, Lee 1965, Days of wine and whiners, BOTH names are required for in-text
not so much to the grindstone, as to Falstaff, London. citation.
Quotation from the source of the not so delicate
someone cited by aroma to discover its origins OR in the case of a preface or introduction in a Note the source in which YOU found the
author (Gadling in Bradshaw 1965, p. 72) collection by someone well known: quotation NOT where your source found it.

OR
Maurois, Andr 1970 in Marcel Proust, Jean Santeuil,
Gadling (in Bradshaw 1965, p. 72) trans. G. Hopkins, Simon & Schuster, New York.
claimed that this was a unique way Translator name presented after
to proceed. publication title. Use initials first for
translator. Begin with the name of the
(Maurois, in Proust 1970, p.6) author of the cited material.

School of Humanities Referencing Guide 6



Source Type In-text Citation Format List of references Format Note this feature

11. Edited Book A short guide to Australian poetry Winkler, Robert (ed.) 2003, A short guide to Australian The full stop after ed.
(ed. Winkler 2003) is one of the poetry, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne.
Editor better books of its type.
Winkler, Robert, & Bradley, Adam (eds) 2006, More No full stop after eds
Editors Winkler and Bradleys new edition Australian poetry from the best, trans. Oubije
of collected poetry (2006) is Noonunka, Pietro Flavio & Gunter Kunte, Melbourne This rule also applies to tran. and trans, to
significant for its inclusion of University Press, Melbourne. comp. and comps, to ill. and ills and to rev.
poetry by indigenous and migrant and revs (See Section D for terms).
groups.

The most alarming poem, from a


political detainee, is by a young
Chinese man (Hua, in Winkler
& Bradley 2006, p. 34).

12. Chapter by an author Without doubt, the response to Paulson, Maureen 2007, The need to recognise post Plain text and single quote marks, minimal
in an edited book Winkler and Bradley has been traumatic stress in refugees, in David Bentley (ed.) capitalisation for chapter title within a
rapid. Bentleys collection (ed. Finding new voices, Allen & Unwin, Sydney. larger work.
2007) was the first and in that
collection, the most outstanding If no author: Year still placed immediately after the
example of a sensitive response to author of the chapter.
diversity has come from a young Paulson, Maureen 2007, The need to recognise post
Englishwoman (Paulson, in ed. traumatic stress in refugees, in Finding new voices, Title of collection italicised.
Bentley 2006, pp. 79-98). Allen & Unwin, Sydney.
Editors name is written with first name
first and family name last.

If no author, use title.

School of Humanities Referencing Guide 7



Source Type In-text Citation Format List of references Format Note this feature

13. Different editions of a Crumbwart (1946) is one such later Crumbwart, Phillip 1962 (1946), Responding to a The edition number comes immediately
book response nuclear world, 10th edn, vol. 3, rev. Maxwell Sneddon, after the title, the volume number after that
Hogarth Press, London. because it identifies the work.

Significant input from a reviser must be


NB: Apply School of Humanities mentioned as follows: in the full reference,
usage as shown above for GU place the original date of publication in
assignments unless directed brackets after the date of the current work,
otherwise. Be aware that in the if the latter is significantly different.
Style manual for authors, editors
and printers, 6th edition, the
original date is not prioritized by the
in-text citation

14. Encyclopedia or Inflation has a large entry that If there is an author of a segment
Dictionary covers all the basics and then some mentioned, then the principles already
(Encyclopedia Britannica 1982) outlined in chapter of an edited book
apply.
The term is not included in the
Oxford English dictionary (1997) . If these items are stated in the text of your
document they do not require mention in
the list of references.

15. Electronic Book or This is evident in much research Armitage, Mary 2007, The far from final Tale of two Single inverted commas highlight title
book viewed now available in electronic form cities, Miranda Publishing, Kilroy, Queensland. within a title already italicised.
electronically (Armitage 2007) Retrieved August 2007 from NetLibrary database.
Clarification of where Kilroy is for those
OR who do not know.

PDF files Full stop at end of entry prior to retrieval


(eg ABS, database details.
journals)

School of Humanities Referencing Guide 8



TABLE ONE: BOOKS & PRINT BASED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
TABLE TWO: JOURNALS, PERIODICALS, NEWSPAPERS & MAGAZINES
Source Type In-text Citation Format List of references Format Note this feature

1. Article in a print journal The most exciting diversions, Franklin, Teresa 1968, New ways to share an Article title: single inverted commas. Comma
with a volume number according to some practitioners are intimate Evening, Journal of Leisure and separates titles.
and an issue number difficult to resist through breathing Sexuality, vol. 39, no.10, pp. 63-82. Journal title: italicised and capitalised.
alone (Franklin 1968, p. 5)
Do not use capitals for vol. and/or no.

Include articles page numbers.

Article with no author: list by title.

2. Article in a print journal This is Mary Janes only sane act in Trudell, Mark 2003, Understanding eugenics As above. Plus:
with a volume no., issue the whole novel (Trudell 2003, in Darwinians Must, Journal of Mental
no. and month identifier p.92) Health and Literature, vol. 3, December, pp. Within article title, another italicised title (book,
92-101. ship name, etc) should also be either italicised OR
Could also be written - see note: placed in double inverted commas. Whichever is
chosen, consistency is then required throughout the
Trudell, Mark 2003, Understanding eugenics reference list.
in Darwinians Must, Journal of Mental Health
and Literature, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 92-101. If both month identifier and issue no. are present,
select one or the other to place after the vol.
identifier. Again, consistency is required once a
decision is made.

School of Humanities Referencing Guide 9



Source Type In-text Citation Format List of references Format Note this feature

3. Electronic journal, full Education is little more than a Jugges, Matthew 1976, Making young people As above would apply
text accessed from a sausage machine unless we think creative, Journal of Australian Education, In-
database or through seriously about what we are doing focus series, Marilyn Snikes & Bert Fornfoot This issue is part of a series. Series name and
library catalogue (Jugges 1976, p. 31). (eds), vol. 3, no.2, pp. 35-70. Retrieved editors of the series are placed in plaintext after
November 16, 2006, from Expanded Academic journal name with minimal capitalisation.
The trend is for more and longer Database.
periods of inactivity in the Electronic retrieval data added. If no author, list by
classroom (Changes for eighties Changes for eighties teaching 1976, Journal title of article. For all journals, print and electronic,
teaching 1976, p. 79) of Australian Education, In-focus series, no place of publication is listed unless journals of
Marilyn Snikes & Bert Fornfoot (eds), vol. 3, the same name are published in different places.
Use PDF versions which have page no.2, pp. 371-90. Retrieved November 18,
numbers. 2014, from Expanded Academic Database. Provide all details by in-text citation. Abbreviate
and italicise frequently used, long names after first
full use e.g. Sydney Morning Herald; (SMH),
Courier Mail (CM).

No need for separate list of references entry as all


reference details provided in-text. Double inverted
commas inside single inverted commas for a quote
within a quote.

4. Newspaper magazine The Council Mayor promised Hill, Jane 2008, Northward moving real
article with author - something would be done about estate, Gold Coast Bulletin, 12 January, 2008,
hard copy beach erosion (Hill 2008, p. 10) p. 10.

School of Humanities Referencing Guide 10



Source Type In-text Citation Format List of references Format Note this feature

5. Newspaper magazine Gold Coast City resident writes: Provide all details by in-text citation. Abbreviate
article with no author The Mayor promised something and italicise frequently used, long names after first
would be done about beach erosion full use e.g. Sydney Morning Herald; (SMH),
but, at this stage, it looks as if well Courier Mail (CM)
have to go to Noosa to retrieve what
belongs to us(No action yet, Gold No need for separate list of references entry as all
Coast Bulletin, 23 January, 2008, p. reference details provided in-text. Double inverted
3). commas inside single inverted commas for a quote
within a quote.

6. Full text newspaper, ('People flock to reef' 2007, p. 7) People flock to reef', Cairns Weekly, 16 July Full stop at end of reference before retrieval
newswire from the 2007, p. 7. Retrieved 12 September, 2007, information
internet no author from Factiva database.

7. Published conference The latest figures available Mandlehurst, Mandy 2004, Representations,
proceedings, seminars suggest(Mandlehurst 2004, p.12) tourism and the ecology of the Great Barrier
and meetings. Reef, Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Save
the Reef Campaign, James Cook University,
Townsville Queensland, pp. 5-15.

8. Reviews of any sort In her review of Peter Carey, Goodilly, Karen 2006, Expatriates and the Elements separated by commas.
Goodilly suggested that he was not need to claim them, review of True history of
really an Australian (2001, p.2). the Kelly gang, Sydney Morning Herald, 12 Italics for the name of the book within the title of
January, p.4s. the review.

Lower case s after the page represents pagination


in a special section. eg Literary Pages.

School of Humanities Referencing Guide 11



Source Type In-text Citation Format List of references Format Note this feature

9. Interviews However, when Goodilly actually Goodilly, Mary 2002, Catching up with Peter Carey is not listed. His quote was found in
interviewed, Carey (2002) no before he flies away, interview with Peter Goodillys interview so she is the source mentioned.
mention of this previous inclination Carey, Meanjin, vol. 35, no. 1, pp.16-32.
to disown Carey as Australian was Inverted commas for title of review. Italics for
apparent. Do you consider journal title
expatriates to be non-Australian?
(Carey, in Goodilly 2002) drove
home Careys awareness of her
position

School of Humanities Referencing Guide 12



TABLE THREE: AUDIO VISUAL
Source Type In-text Citation Format List of references Format Note this feature

1. Media Release (verbal Fred Nirvana, spokesperson for Nirvana, Fred 2008, Everybody wants a better Italics for name of address if there is one.
or written) Activists for Making the World a life, media release, Activists for Making the
Better Place said that they would try World a Better Place, Nimbin, New South Plain text for organisation.
to sponsor a channel which carried Wales, 31 January.
only good news stories (Nirvana Numeral in date precedes month.
2008)

2. Television & radio One of the best crime shows is Unit one 2006, television programme, SBS If radio programme accessed was a podcast or real
programs Danish (Unit one 2006). Television, Sydney. time broadcast, then note that where transcript
occurs in this reference.
Raymond Gaita claims that Philosophy for lunch 2008, unpaginated
philosophy has always had a very transcript, ABC Radio National, Sydney, 19 This radio program could also be referenced as an
strong presence in Australia January. Retrieved 23 January, 2008, from interview.
(2008). http://www.abc.net.au/rn/philosopherszone/stor
ies /2008/2121635.htm #transcript TO
INCLUDE ITUNES.

3. Sound recording We could hear the quiver in her Ionesco, Eugene 1973, Rhinoceros, Caedmon, Extra details follow reference
voice during the whole second act New York. Sound recording, 87 minutes, 2
(Ionesco 1973). cassettes. TO INCLUDE PODCASTS.

School of Humanities Referencing Guide 13



Source Type In-text Citation Format List of references Format Note this feature

4. Films, videos Was this dancing movie (Strictly Strictly ballroom 1992, Feature film, Twentieth Only give the full reference of the version you are
ballroom 1992) really Australias Century Fox, Los Angeles. using.
equivalent to Grease (1978)?
Also available in book form as the screenplay: Extra details follow reference.
Luhrmann, Baz & Bovell, Andrew 1992,
Strictly ballroom, Currency Press, Sydney. Extra names in details are not appearing
Screenplay. alphabetically so do not need to be family name
first.
And was produced as a video recording as
well:

Strictly ballroom 2000, videorecording,


Miramax Home Entertainment, Burbank, CA.
Producer Tristram Miall, Director Baz
Luhrmann.

5. Stand alone maps (those Australian Surveying and Land Information Publisher may be same as author.
not found in books, Group 2001, Tallangatta, Victoria and New
journals or websites) South Wales topographic map, 1:250 000. 55- Sheet title if there is one in italics. Scale must be
3, 2nd edn., Australian Surveying and Land included.
Information Group, Canberra.
Edition is very important in maps.
Environmental map of Australia 2000, map, 1:
5,000,000, Earth Systems, Melbourne.

School of Humanities Referencing Guide 14



TABLE FOUR: UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS


Source Type In-text Citation Format List of references Format Note this feature

1. Unpublished thesis The ideological implications of the Frankfurter, Michelle 2001 Fear and its Type of thesis must be mentioned.
current multinational and globalised ideological underpinnings, PhD thesis,
post-capitalist investments in fully Griffith University, Brisbane. University at which it was undertaken replaces
stocked underground bunkers are publisher.
driven by neo-conservative
recognitions that nuclear energy is Place is still required unless inferred. No italics
on its way (Frankfurter 2001, p. 45) anywhere.

2. Unpublished report The Treasurer reported (1982, p. 2) Treasurers annual report 1982, presented to No italics anywhere.
presented at a that the annual income for that year the fifteenth annual meeting of the Nerang
conference or meeting grew significantly compared to the Youth & Citizens Police Club, Nerang, 19 Entry ends with a full stop before place of lodgement
previous two years. July. is noted.

If held privately or by author:

Treasurers annual report 1982, presented to


the fifteenth annual meeting of the Nerang
Youth & Citizens Police Club, Nerang, 19
July. In possession of Mr Frank Newfingle,
Nerang (Brisbane).

3. Archival material The Treasurer reported (1982, p. 2) Treasurers annual report 1982, presented to If there is a file number available, position it after the
that the annual income for that year the fifteenth annual meeting of the Nerang details of the reference but before the details of the
grew significantly compared to the Youth & Citizens Police Club, Nerang, 19 place location
previous two years. July. File CM 458. In possession of Gold
Coast City Library, Local History Division,
Gold Coast.


School of Humanities Referencing Guide 15

Source Type In-text Citation Format List of references Format Note this feature

4. GU Dossier of Readings The Russians very quickly decided Minsky, Godfrey 2001, Initiating a Russian As far as possible put all the details of the reading
the Americans could not be space program, Routledge, New York. that would locate it in its original source.
When full details of permitted to control outer space
reading is available from (Minsky 2001, p. 6) and initiated Rathdown, Susie 1999, Understanding new
the dossier contents their own space program. radicalism in Australian literature, Journal of
Australian Books and History, vol. 45, no. 3,
Australian literature was at its peak pp. 65-90.
in the seventies (Rathdown 1999, p.
65)

5. GU Dossier of Readings The trouble was that the depression Delaney, Matthew 1941, Finding a way Where they are not available, write not available in
dramatically slowed home grown forward, Reading Two, 1109ART place they would normally appear.
When full details of manufacturing and export Depression Studies, Dossier of Readings,
reading is NOT (Delaney, R2 in 1109ART Dossier Griffith University, Brisbane, semester 1, In addition add dossier details
available from the 2008, p. 16) 2008.
dossier contents

School of Humanities Referencing Guide 16



TABLE FIVE: GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS
(Examples drawn directly from: Commonwealth of Australia 2002, pp.220-222; Division of Library Services, 2003, pp. 19 & 54)
Problems often occur in the citing of government publications. Common challenges to which to be alert include: No apparent author; Often a specific consultant is
employed, or a particular committee formed to work temporarily with a sponsoring agency.
It may be sponsored and written by the same agency (so they are effectively both author and publisher) May be the work of a committee set up for that single task.
May be a parliamentary publication (eg Hansard, Parliamentary Papers, Journals of the Senate, House of Representatives Votes and Proceedings)

Source Type In-text Citation Format List of references Format Note this feature

1. Title page without an The government has had a clear Disability Services Queensland 2000, Securing Sponsoring agency listed as author. Maximal
author policy of mainstreaming that has a forward looking dimension in mainstreaming capitalisation.
effectively established half way disability, Disability Services Queensland,
houses (Disability Services Brisbane. It is usually also the publisher.
Queensland 2000).
Title italics, minimal capitalisation.

2. Title page with author New anti-terrorism measures are in Australian Federal Police 2007, Analysis of STILL place the sponsoring agency in the author
and sponsoring body. place and effectively protecting effectiveness of anti-terrorist measures position.
Australian citizens (Australian introduced and deployed in 2006, report
Federal Police 2007). prepared by John Smith, Australian Federal Acknowledge individual writer after the title.
Police, Canberra.
The Australian Federal Police In-text citation has sponsoring body.
(2007) defend their

3. Title page: names Dabrowskis latest report (1999) Dabrowski, W 1999, Caring for country, report Temporary consultant appears in author position.
temporary consultant made is obvious that to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Commission, Canberra.

4. Title page names Care for country should be Traditional Methods Committee 1999, Burning Committee appears in author position (convened
temporary committee encouraged alongside modern for regeneration, report to the Aboriginal and with a specific task and dismantled once it is
methods (Traditional Methods Torres Strait Islander Commission, Canberra. complete).
Committee 1999, p.3)

School of Humanities Referencing Guide 17



Source Type In-text Citation Format List of references Format Note this feature

5. Written by a Branch Producing an alternative and Department of Conservation 2004, Hydrogen STILL place the sponsoring agency in the author
or Division sustainable form of fuel is a powered cars: Progress to date, Sustainable Energy position.
permanently within challenge currently being taken Branch, Department of Conservation, Darwin.
an agency which is up by government bodies Acknowledge the Branch or Division after the title.
the publishing body (Department of Conservation
2004). In-text citation has sponsoring body.

6. Publishing body The current Australian flag Department of Administrative Services (Awards and Acknowledgment position of Branch or Division
and sponsoring should never be considered the National Symbols Branch) 1995, Australian flags, details CHANGES when the publishing agent is not
agency are only way of presenting the Australian Government Publishing Service, the same as the sponsoring body in position of
different. national flag, nor should the State Canberra. author.
flags be minimised in importance
(DAS 1995). Abbreviate long title in author position in the in-text
citation; insert abbreviation in the bibliography with
The Department of a cross reference to full name in its alphabetical
Administrative Services (1995) position.
has recently
No need to mention the Branch or Division in the in-
text citation.

7. Parliamentary The 1999-2000 annual report of Australia, Parliament 2000a, Department of Finance Title in italics and minimal capitalisation (proper
papers the Department of Finance and and Administration annual report 1999-2000, Parl. nouns maximal, however).
Administration (2000a) Paper 32, Canberra.
demonstrates. Use of 2000a, 2000b format to distinguish items
Australia, Parliament 2000b, Parliamentary published in the same year.
The report has become spending: Report of the Public Accounts Committee,
something (L Bent, chairperson), Parl. Paper 142, Canberra. Even where a report which is well known by the
of a hot potato for use of the name of the person giving it, and which can therefore
phrase Collateral spending be cited by that name in-text, should be placed in the
(Bent report 2000b, p. 6). bibliography with the author as the sponsoring
agency.

School of Humanities Referencing Guide 18



Source Type In-text Citation Format List of references Format Note this feature
8. Hansard Commonwealth of Australia Commonwealth of Australia 2014, Parliamentary Hansard is the name given to Australian
(2014, p. 13755) records the first debates: House of Representatives: official Hansard, parliamentary proceedings.
and second readings of the vol 24, pp. 13742-13891.
Corporations Amendment Page numbers accessed appear in the Referencing
(Further Future of Financial Australia, Senate 2000-2001 Journals, no. 123, p. List.
Advice Measures) Bill 2014. 178.

9. Journals of Senate Australia, House of Representatives 2000-2001, Volume numbers replace use of use of 2000a and
Votes and Votes and Proceedings, vol. 1, p. 631. 2000b.
Proceeding of the
House of
Representatives

10. Australian Bureau Unemployment is at its lowest Australian Bureau of Statistics 2001, Australias Be sure to insert title, catalogue number and page if
of Statistics for five years (ABS 2000) but the population 1890-1910, Catalogue no. 3467.2, ABS, paginated.
Youth Allowance lowers that Canberra.
figure. Title in italics and minimal capitalisation.
Australian Bureau of Statistics 2005, Queensland
yearbook, Catalogue no. 1301.5 ABS, Brisbane.

11. ABS graphs and Image and/or table as it appears Australian Bureau of Statistics 2001, Australias Cross reference abbreviated from in- text citation.
tables in full. in the original with the following environment: Issues and trends, Catalogue no.
phrase to accompany the image 4613.0, ABS, Canberra. Australian Bureau of Statistics is permitted as an
as an in-text citation: abbreviation within the full reference on its second
appearance only.
Source: ABS 2001, Australias
environment: issues and trends, No brackets around substitute for in- text citation
4613.0

School of Humanities Referencing Guide 19



Source Type In-text Citation Format List of references Format Note this feature

12. Compilation of Your own tabulated Australian Bureau of Statistics 2005, Queensland As above.
figures or interpretation of raw statistics yearbook, Catalogue no. 1301.5 ABS, Brisbane.
percentages which with the following phrase to If using sources called ABS or AusStats, only
are the authors accompany it as an in- text available electronically, see below: Electronic
interpretation. citation: materials only.

Figures compiled using statistics


from: ABS 2005, 1301.5

School of Humanities Referencing Guide 20



TABLE SIX: WORLD WIDE WEB AND ELECTRONIC ONLY SOURCES
Source Type In-text Citation Format List of references Format Note this feature

1. Web Site If you need to know details of QAG/GoMA See Queensland Art Gallery/Gallery of Modern Art. Author (person responsible for the
the QAG program, begin at site) may be a person OR
(Homepage of their homepage Queensland Art Gallery/Gallery of Modern Art n.d., Homepage, organisation.
organisation or (http://www.qag.qld.gov.au/) Queensland Government, Brisbane, viewed 7 August 2014,
person) http://www.qag.qld.gov.au/. Date established OR last revised. (If
OR no date, n.d.).

If you need to know details of No italics.


the QAG program, begin at
their homepage (QAG/GoMA Web address may be given in the in-
Homepage) text citation OR
School usage, which remains
acceptable, has been to use an
abbreviated term cross referenced in
the bibliography if needed.

2. A document McQueen is a central figure in Making it modern: The watercolours of Kenneth Macqueen 2007, Can usually be treated in the same
within a web early twentieth century description of exhibition sponsored by Leighton Contractors, viewed 26 way as a print copy of document or
site. Queensland art (Making it January 2008, book citing author, editor, compiler,
modern 2007) <http://www.qag.qld.gov.au/exhibitions/coming_soon/kenneth_macqueen>. date revised.
(Navigate to this
from homepage)

School of Humanities Referencing Guide 21



Source Type In-text Citation Format List of references Format Note this feature

3. GU Discussion Television encourages family Jones, Bill 2006, Not as simple as that, 1907ART Gender, history and Title of posting in inverted commas
forum Mail lists values as often as it opposes Culture, discussion forum reading four, viewed 19 August, like the title of an article in journal
Usenet groups them (Jones, 2 June 2006) <https://learning.griffith.edu.au/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab=courses& or chapter in a book.
Bulletin boards url=/bin/common/course.pl?course_id=_56491_1&frame=t op?
Journalism used to be a Comma after name for in-text
profession that had no code of Frankling, L, Frankling 2000, News for old hacks, list server, 2 January citation
ethics this is no longer the 2005 National Journalists Association, viewed 4 April 2006,
case, according to at least one <http://www.nja.net.au/listserv/>. URL is between <.>
member of the association
(Frankling, 2 January 2005) Components in order should be: authors name, authors identifying details,
date of posting, title of posting, description of posting, name of listowner,
date of viewing, URL.

4. Email OR An eyewitness reports that Personal correspondence includes:


personal paper Inole 2002, pers.comm. 25 face to face conversation, telephone
correspondence May). call, fax, letter or email

Mr Inole confirmed by fax on


25 May, 2002, that

5. CD-ROMS Children really benefit from Onscreen learning today 2005, CD-CDROM, Knowledge Adventure Inc., Italics for title of CD- ROM.
electronic skills in accessing Torrance, California.
material (Onscreen learning Same details as for film, TV, video
today 2005) and radio

School of Humanities Referencing Guide 22



3. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Commonwealth of Australia 2002, Style manual for authors, editors and printers, 6th
edition, rev. Snooks & Co., John Wiley & Sons, Canberra.

Division of Library Services 2003, Referencing guide, 7th edn., Charles Sturt
University, Bathurst, NSW.

Hagger, Jennifer 1979, Australian colonial medicine, Rigby Ltd, Adelaide.

Harris, Robert A. 2001, The plagiarism handbook: Strategies for preventing,
detecting and dealing with plagiarism, Pyrczak Publishing, Los Angeles.

Lawson, Ronald 1973, Brisbane in the 1890s a study of an Australian
urban society, University of Queensland Press, St. Lucia, Brisbane.

Library and Information Service 2007, Harvard referencing, Curtin University of
Technology, Perth.

Janna L, Kim, C, Sorsoli, Lynn, Collins, Katherine, Zylbergold, Bonnie A,
Schooler, Deborah, and Tolman Deborah L 2007, From sex to sexuality:
Exposing the heterosexual script on primetime network television, The Journal
of Sex Research, vol. 44, no. 2 pp.145-158.

Sabia Joseph J 2007, Reading, writing, and sex: The effect of losing virginity on
academic achievement, Economic Inquiry, vol.45, no.4, pp.

NB. entries are in alphabetical order by author surname.

School of Humanities Referencing Guide

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