hey everyone

(i) Name the forests which grow on the wind ward slope of the Western Ghats. (ii
) Why do such forests grow in this region?
[2]
(c) To which type of forest do the following trees belong? (i) Hintal and Sundar
i. (ii) Rosewood and Ebony. (iii) Deodar and Chir Pine.
[3]
(d) Give three reasons for rapid depletion of forest resources in India in the p
ast. [3]
Comments of Examiners (a) Most candidates answered. (i)and(ii) correctly. (b) Er
rors were made in not specifying the word Tropical as most candidates wrote only E
vergreen. (c) (i),(ii)and(iii) Answered correctly by most candidates. Some howev
er mentioned the uses of trees instead of naming the forest. (d) Majority of can
didates only wrote deforestation and offered no reason. Some were repetitive in th
eir answers.
(a) Using the same word erosion or eroding of soil does not really explain the term
. Methods to prevent soil erosion was correctly answered by most candidates. (b)
In some cases candidates misunderstood the question and mentioned differences i
nstead of similarities. (c) (i) Many candidates did not understand the meaning
of texture -and wrote differences. (ii) Some candidates only wrote black soil is of
volcanic origin. (iii)Very few candidates mentioned that it is replenished by f
lood. (iv) (i) and (ii)definition was written correctly, as for the (iii)In situ
the concept was not clear.
MARKING SCHEME Question 4. (a) Removal or destruction of top soil is called soil
erosion. Terrace farming / contour ploughing / crop rotation etc. (b) Both are
red in colour because of the presence of iron oxide / both are infertile soils
/ both are friable / both are not moisture retentive /both are poor in organic m
atter.(Any two) (c) (i) Alluvial soil is coarse in the upper valley of the river
s because the eroded matter is carried away by the fast flowing river but in the
lower course, the river reduces its speed and the soil particles become finer d
ue to attrition or because the load itself gets eroded. (ii) Black soil does no
t get leached because it is clayey and sticky and moisture retentive and therefo
re the rain cannot wash out the silicates. (iii) Khadar is the newer alluvium w
hich keeps getting replenished by the river bringing down more eroded material.
(d) (i) Sheet erosion is the slow removal of a thin layer of soil by rainwater w
ashing it away. (ii) Soil conservation refers to the efforts made to prevent so
il from getting eroded. (iii) In situ means to develop in one area without any
movement. It refers to residual soil.

Question 5
(a) (i) Name the forest which is commercially most important in India. (ii) Na
me two trees which grow in this forest.
[2]
Suggestions for teachers ? Students should learn to explain terms and definition
correctly. ? Students should be trained to read carefully, understand the quest
ion before answering. ? Emphasize on the words riverine , transported , varying textur
e, lower and upper course-will differ in texture. explain the characteristics of
Black soil clay content that retain moisture. ? Stress on the point how khaddar
is replenished by flood and is fertile. ? Clear concepts related to ex-situ and in-
situ soils with examples.
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(b) (i) Name the forests which grow on the wind ward slope of the Western Ghats.
(ii) Why do such forests grow in this region?
[2]
(c) To which type of forest do the following trees belong? (i) Hintal and Sundar
i. (ii) Rosewood and Ebony. (iii) Deodar and Chir Pine.
[3]
(d) Give three reasons for rapid depletion of forest resources in India in the p
ast. [3]
Comments of Examiners (a) Most candidates answered. (i)and(ii) correctly. (b) Er
rors were made in not specifying the word Tropical as most candidates wrote only E
vergreen. (c) (i),(ii)and(iii) Answered correctly by most candidates. Some howev
er mentioned the uses of trees instead of naming the forest. (d) Majority of can
didates only wrote deforestation and offered no reason. Some were repetitive in th
eir answers.

MARKING SCHEME Question 5. (a) (i) Tropical deciduous forest (ii) Teak / Sal /
Shisham / Sandalwood (b) (i) Tropical evergreen forest (ii) Due to heavy rainfa
ll of above 200 cm (c) (i) Mangrove / Littoral forest or Tidal forest (ii) Trop
ical Evergreen forest / Tropical rain forest (iii) Mountain forest. (d) Land wa
s cleared for cultivation, industrialization and urbanization. Shifting agricult
ure was practiced. Forest was cut recklessly for raw material.

Suggestions for teachers ? Importance of linked questions should be explained. I

t is mandatory that both parts (i) and (ii)should be correct to score full marks
. ? Encourage students to think and to draw conclusions from facts learnt. ? Stu
dents must be advised to write complete answers with proper reasons after carefu
lly reading the question.

96

Question 6
(a) Without irrigation, development of agriculture is difficult in India. Clarify
the statement by giving two reasons.
[2]
(b) Mention two factors which are essential for the development of tube well irr
igation. [2] (c) Give one reason for each of the following: (i) The Northern Pla
in of India is found suitable for canal irrigation. (ii) Tank irrigation is an i
mportant method of irrigation in Karnataka. (iii) Although expensive, yet, sprin
kler irrigation is gaining popularity in recent times. [3]
(d) (i) What is rain water harvesting? (ii) Mention two objectives of rain water
harvesting.
[3]
Comments of Examiners (a) Generalized answers were written by some candidates wi
th no clarity in stating reasons. (b) Most candidates wrote the advantages of tu
be wells instead of the factors for development of tube wells. (c) (i) The word
perennial snowfed to describe the rivers was not mentioned in most answers. (ii) An
swered correctly by most candidates. (iii) Most candidates answered correctly. (
d) The definition of rainwater harvesting was included with the objectives that
was to be written separately.
MARKING SCHEME Question 6.
(a) Rain occurs mainly in four months Some crops like rice and sugarcane need mo
re water. To cater to increasing demand of food and cash crops there is a need t
o grow crops all the year round. (b) Fertile agricultural land Cheap electrici
ty Large amount of underground water. (c) (i) Canal irrigation is popular in Nor
thern plains because it has perennial rivers and land is soft enough for canal t
o be constructed from the rivers to the fields.
Suggestions for teachers ? Students should be taught to write specific reasons a
s per the demands of the question. ? frame questions in different ways, to allow
students to get accustomed to the style of questioning. ? Encourage students to
express their answers with clarity. ? Various types of questions need to be dis
cussed in class. ? Clear demarcation of part (i) and (ii) should be explained an
d emphasized in class.
97
(ii) Being in Deccan region Karnataka has natural depressions and hard sub surf
ace rocks which make tank irrigation important. (iii) As it helps to conserve w
ater. (d) (i) It is a technique of increasing the recharge of ground water by ca
pturing and storing rain water. (ii) To make water available for future use. T
o avoid flooding of roads.

Question 7
(a) (i) Name any three types of coal found in India. (ii) Which type of coal is
mostly used in Iron and Steel Industries?
[2]
(b) Name the following: (i) An off-shore oil field of India. (ii) An iron ore mi
ne of Karnataka.
[2]
(c) Name the following: (i) Largest coal field of India. (ii) Oldest oil-field o
f India. (iii) Best variety of iron ore.
[3]
(d) (i) Name the metal extracted from Bauxite. (ii) Mention two uses of this met
al.
[3]
Comments of Examiners (a) A few candidates committed errors, by naming coking
coal as one of the type found. (b) (i) Answered correctly by most candidates. (
ii) Candidates wrote incorrect answers with a few unable to mention correct exam
ples of an iron ore mine in Karnataka. (c) Most candidates answered correctly. (
d) Answered correctly by most candidates.
MARKING SCHEME Question 7. (a) (i) Bituminous Anthracite Lignite
Suggestions for teachers ? Geographical location of important mineral sites must
be revised thoroughly. ? Clarify the fact that Mumbai is on the coast and has r
efinery Mumbai High in the Arabian Sea and is the oil field which has the Platfo
rm/oil Rig named Sagar Samrat. Use the map to show the location.
98
(ii) Bituminous coal is used in steel plants. (b) (i) Mumbai high (ii) Kemmang
undi (c) (i) Raniganj in West Bengal (ii) Digboi in Assam (iii) Magnetite (d)
(i) Aluminium (ii) Used for manufacture of aircraft / utensils / wires.

Question 8
(a) Mention any two reasons for the importance of agriculture in India. [2]
(b) With reference to rice cultivation answer the following: (i) Why does rice g
row well in a soil with a clay like subsoil? (ii) What is the advantage of grow
ing rice in nurseries before it is transplanted?
[2]
(c) Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:
(i) Name one State where this crop grows well. (ii) Why are mostly women employ
ed to harvest it? (iii) Mention two geographical conditions suitable for the cul
tivation of this crop.
[3]
(d) Explain briefly the following terms: (i) Shifting cultivation (ii) Bud graft
ing (iii) Oil cake.
[3]
99
Comments of Examiners (a) Candidates wrote very generalised answers to reasons
for the significance of agriculture in India. (b) (i) Some candidates were unab
le to express the idea of clayey soil allowing water to stagnate on the surface.
(ii) Answered correctly by most candidates with only a few errors being committ
ed. (c) Candidates wrote correct answer to (i) and (ii) However in (iii) Some ca
ndidates omitted important factors of range of temperature and rainfall. (d) Inc
orrect definitions were written as some candidates mistook it for transplanting.
(ii) Bud grafting and Clonal planting was confused by some candidates. (iii) Mo
st candidates answered correctly.
MARKING SCHEME Question 8. (a) ? Provides food for our growing population ? Prov
ides fodder for livestock ? Provides employment ? Supplies raw material for agro
-based industries ? Gives rise to industries related to agriculture, like pestic
ides, fertilizers, farming tools ? Earns foreign exchange through export. (Any t
wo) (b) (i) Rice needs flooded fields and the subsoil of clay does not allow the
water to percolate. (ii) By growing rice in nurseries, we save water, and the
plants can be transplanted in rows to facilitate the use of pesticides and harve
sting. (c) (i) Assam / West Bengal / Kerala / Tamil Nadu (ii) Mostly women harv
est the tea because it involves fine plucking, (two leaves and a bud) and women
labourer can patiently pluck the same. (iii) Two geographical conditions are: T
emperature 24oC to 30oC Rain 150 cm to 350 cm Soil well drained deep friable loa
ms, rich in organic matter. Laterite soil
(Any two)
Suggestions for teachers ? Specific reasons should be taught while discussions a
re held in class. ? Students must be taught to express their views correctly. ?
Visual aids are helpful in class and also aids students in remembering the lesso
n. ? Terms associated with agriculture should be discussed in detail. ? It is i
mperative, that crops associated with various methods of cultivation should be m
entioned in answers.
100
(d) (i) Shifting cultivation involves a patch of forest which is cleared, trees
are cut down and the stumps set on fire. The patch is then cultivated for a few
years and when the soil becomes infertile, the cultivator moves to a fresh piec
e of land and repeats the same procedure. (ii) The bud from a good rubber tree
is grafted on the seedling of a new rubber tree, Once the bud starts sprouting t
he shoot from the seedling is cut down and the bud then grows into a tree with a
ll of the traits of the mother tree. (iii) Oil cake is the residue of the oil s
eeds from which the oil has been extracted.

Question 9 (a) Give two reasons for the importance of the jute industry in the
Ganga-Brahmaputra delta region. [2] (b) Mention two problems of the Cotton Texti
le industry in India. [2] (c) (i) Give two reasons why the woollen industry is n
ot a flourishing industry in India. (ii) Name two centres for this industry. [3]
(