ENGINEERING.

com
Eng-Tips Forums
Tek-Tips Forums

Resources

Jobs

Log In

Join

INTELLIGENT WORK FORUMS

FOR ENGINEERING PROFESSIONALS Home

Log In Forums

Materials Engineers
Come Join Us!
Are you an
Engineering professional? Activities
Join Eng-Tips Forums!
Corrosion engineering Forum
Talk With Other Members
Cathodic Protection &
Be Notified Of Responses
To Your Posts Earthing system
thread338-262053
Foru Searc FAQ Links MVPs
Keyword Search m h s
Cathodic
One-Click Access To Your Protection &
Favorite Forums Resources
Earthing eBook: The Midsize
system 5-Axis Buyers
Automated Signatures
On Your Posts
Cathodic Guide
Protection &
Best Of All, It's Free! Earthing
system
zaza123
(Electrical)
Join Us! Investing in a machining
*Eng-Tips's functionality depends on members receiving e-mail. By (OP) center with full 5-axis
capabilities can make a
joining you are opting in to receive e-mail. 1 Jan 10 06:29 world of difference for
Posting Guidelines Happy New Year ! manufacturers. Download
Promoting, selling, recruiting, coursework Now
and thesis posting is forbidden. I have some White Paper:
Eng-Tips Posting Policies Questions regarding Improving Injection-
Jobs Cathodic Protection Mold Tooling
& Earthing system, i Development With
am referring to SOLIDWORKS
Pipeline structures Simulation Premium
1. Is both
overground &
underground
pipelines are
required to be
In the world of injection
protected by CP molding and plastics
system or only engineering, the proper
pipelines below expertise is essential. Robert
Elwell launched PROCAD
ground need CP TECHNOLOGIES as a means
protection. of providing that expertise.
2. Is earthing Download Now

required for all the White Paper:

pipelines ,is it true Improve Tooling
that earthing Connectivity Design
nullifies the effect of and Collaboration
CP system with SOLIDWORKS
3. Does earthing of
pipeline is proper
protection for
Lightining,i.e if the
pipeline is not
earthed & lightining The development of
occurs on the advanced electrical systems,
such as industrial robotic
pipeline it will arms, requires the proper
destroy the Pipeline. CAD tools. Download Now
4. I had checked the White Paper:
Earthing resistance Leverage ERP for
of the Pipeline by Sales & Operations
Digital Earth Planning
Leakage Test
Meter ,value is 19.5
ohm, ,Is the earthing
readings OK

The pipeline i am
Sales & Operations planning,
talking is Oxygen when done well, can bring
Pipeline. tremendous benefits to a
manufacturing organization.
Download Now

RE: Cathodic
Protection &
Earthing system
Kiribanda
(Electrical) 1 Jan 10
13:51
zaza123,

1)No.Only the
underground portion
is supposed to be
protected by a CP
system because
only the
underground portion
is subjected to
corrosion which is
also not visible from
outside.Therefore,w
hen the line comes
out of ground
insulating flanges
are installed to stop
draining the CP
current to the
overground
portion.Normally
overground portion
can be protected by
painting etc.

2)It is always better

to ground any metal
surface.Pipe lines
carrying petroleum
products are
grounded to avoid
static charge
buildup.But
grounding of the line
will not nullify the
CP system installed.

3)If the subject pipe

line is struck with a
direct lightning
stroke then most
probably it might
get destroyed
eventhough it is
properly grounded.If
it is hit by an
indirect stroke then
the difference in
current will be
easlily conducted by
the line and there
cannot be a
damage.But in my
opinion the line
profile and
installation details
are required to
provide a better
answer.

4)What do you
understand by the
grounding
resistance of a long
underground pipe
line?I cannot
understand how you
obtained a very high
value of resistance
when any pipe line
is always bonded to
ground.Also I donot
think the usual
testing techniques
(Fall of Potential
method,Slope
method etc)used for
measuring ground
electrode resistance
are valid for
underground
pipelines.
RE: Cathodic
Protection &
Earthing system
zaza123
(Electrical)
(OP)
1 Jan 10 23:27
Thanks Kiribanda,

1. Will the
Underground Portion
which is protected
by CP system will
also be protected by
grounding.
4.We did not
measure at the
Electrode, we
measured with Earth
resistance meter
connecting the
Earth point to
Pipeline.There are
three leads in Earth
resistance meter.
Current Spike,
Voltage Spike &
Earth.We connected
the Earth Point of
Meter to Pipeline
structure after
removing small
pained coating.The
value showed 19
Ohms.The result
suggested that the
Pipeline is grounded
but not properly as
it has high
resistance.
RE: Cathodic
Protection &
Earthing system
Kiribanda
(Electrical) 2 Jan 10
13:53
zaza123,

1)I donot
understand what do
you mean by
"protected by
grounding"?.The
underground line is
definitely
mechanically
bonded to various
other grounded
structures like tanks,
vesels etc.

4)The method that

you used for earth
resistance
measurement is the
Fall of Potential
method.But as far as
I know this Fall of
Potential method
cannot be applied
for such long
underground lines.

4.1)Does the user

guide of your tester
specify how to
measure the
resistance of a long
underground pipe
using Fall of
Potential Method?

4.2)If yes,can you

please upload that
page with the make
& model of your
tester?

4.3)Why are you

trying to measure
the ground
resistance of this
already grounded
metallic pipeline?
RE: Cathodic
Protection &
Earthing system
zaza123
(Electrical)
(OP)
2 Jan 10 14:11
Dear Kiribanda,
1) The Underground
Pipeline is not
mechanically
bonded to any
structure.Only a
small portion of the
pipeline is
underground rest is
overground.
4.1) The user guide
specifies the
method of Testing,
but it does not
specify whether the
pipeline grounding
can be measured by
it.It is basically used
for measuring the
resistance of Earth
electrodes.
4.3) We had an
incident in which
there was explosion
in the Piepline due
to Lightining, i am
measuring the Earth
resistance of the
pipeline to check
whether the pipeline
is groinded or not.
RE: Cathodic
Protection &
Earthing system
Kiribanda
(Electrical) 2 Jan 10
23:49
zaza123,

If the line is not

mechanically
connected,then
what are connected
to its either ends?

Pipe line ground

resistance cannot
measure using Fall
of Potential
method.It is true
only for a single
electrode or for a
small grounding
system consisting
several electrodes.

From your
description it seems
that the line had
been struck by a
direct
stroke.Therefore, I
donot understand
why you are worried
about ensuring a
low grounding
resistanec for the
line.

Could you please

upload (pdf)a simple
hand drawn sketch
showing the line,its
 elevation,end
connections and the
point where the
lightning struck?

Reply To This
Thread
Posting in the
Eng-Tips
forums is a
member-only
feature.

Click Here to join

Eng-Tips and talk
with other
members!

Join | Advertise

Copyright 1998-2017 ENGINEERING.com, Inc. All rights reserved.

Unauthorized reproduction or linking forbidden without expressed written permission.
Registration on or use of this site constitutes acceptance of our Privacy Policy.

Close Box

Join Eng-Tips Today!
Join your peers on the Internet's largest technical engineering professional community.
It's easy to join and it's free.

Here's Why Members Love Eng-Tips Forums:

Talk To Other Members

 Notification Of Responses To Questions

Favorite Forums One Click Access

Keyword Search Of All Posts, And More...

Register now while it's still free!

Already a member? Close this window and log in.

Join Us Close
<div style="display:none;">< img src="//pixel.quantserve.com/pixel/p-
b0hFPX_Dy1okM.gif" border="0" height="1" width="1" alt="Quantcast"/>< /div>

We Wrote The Book on Grounding and Earthing

Toll Free: 888.367.0888

Open Menu
Home
Blog
About Us
About Electrical Grounding
back
About Electrical Grounding
About Electrical Grounding
back
About Electrical Grounding
Grounding Electrode Sphere of Influence
Different Types of Grounding Electrodes
Electrical Grounding System Design
How To Do Electrical Grounding System Testing
What Is Ground Potential Rise?
What Is Step and Touch Potential?
Standards For Lightning Protection Systems: US NFPA 780 vs BS EN 62305:2006
Ground Resistance Testing
back
Ground Resistance Testing
What Is Soil Resistivity Testing?
Grounding Books & Resources
back
Grounding Books & Resources
What is Lightning? and Pictures of Lightning
Electrical Grounding Frequently Asked Questions
Electrical Grounding Books and Resources
Electrical & Electronics Articles and Resources
Grounding Services
back
Grounding Services
Electrical Grounding Services
back
Electrical Grounding Services
Electrical Grounding System Evaluations
Power Quality Monitoring and Load Analysis
Cell Site Grounding And Telecommunications Grounding Requirements
Grounding System Design
back
Grounding System Design
Lightning Risk Assessments
Grounding System Design and Lightning Strike Analysis
Wenner 4-Point Soil Resistivity Testing
Ground Potential Rise Studies (GPR)
Electrical Engineering
Grounding Training
Contact Us
Top of Form

Bottom of Form
Ask The Experts Blog

Electrical Grounding, Electrical Standards

Is it acceptable to have cathodic protection (CP) impressed current on a
grounding system and how will it impact instrumentation grounding?

Tom from Texas sent us:

We have building a Gas Plant in North Dakota. We are using over 2000 bare steel
piles 36inch diameter and 50 ft deep. We want to use it as our primary grounding
grid. The CP system is an impressed current system. We are bonding all piles
together with insulated copper 4/0 ground wires CADWELDED to each other.
1. Is this acceptable to have impressed current on our Safety Ground system?
2. The instumentation ground will be isolated with copper rods, however, the
instrumetn themselves will be mounted to steel structures that will be tied to the
CP impressed current protected steel. Is this an issue?
Hi Tom,
Thank you for your excellent questions regarding grounding using pilings,
impressed current and instrumentation grounding, it is our pleasure to help.
It sounds from your email that you have the basics of a good ground design.
Utilizing the steel pilings is a great way to provide effective grounding. This
grounding system is what is called building steel and it does require that there
are no vapor barriers between the concrete and the earth. Vapor barriers are
typically plastic which can prevent the flow of electricity from leaving the rebar in
the steel and entering the earth.
Please be aware that there are two key drawbacks when using building steel.
The first one is that building steel is an extremely noisy environment, electrically
speaking. Generally, you will want to avoid using it for grounding of your
electronics systems. The second issue is that during lightning strikes and/or
electrical utility faults at your main transformers (which can be tens of thousands
of amps), the steel rebar can heat up causing the concrete to crack. You may
wish to consider installing some copper down the length of some key pilings to
ensure that an effective path to earth exists. This may also help reduce
magnetism and some of the electrical noise issues. Typically we recommend
conducting Ground Potential Rise (GPR) and Ground Potential Difference (GPD)
studies on these systems, to ensure that the proper amount of copper is being
installed. You dont want to much, or too little copper. You may also want bare
copper versus insulated, its hard to know without seeing your blue prints.
To your question #1 regarding impressed current, the general answer is yes, it is
acceptable to have direct current corrosion rectifiers on the grounding system,
given that it is not interfering with your instrumentation ground.
Question #2 is a bit more complicated. We recommend you review the Motorola
R56 standard and the ANSI/ITA/EIA-J-STD-607A for reference to grounding of your
computer server rooms. Maintaining a separate (yet bonded) instrumentation
ground that is isolated from the electrical ground is key. You may also need a
dedicated (and clean) 5-ohm or less grounding system just for the servers.
Bonding of the raised floor pedestals, AC equipment, fire suppression gear,
metallic conduits, server racks, etc., can get very complicated. Let alone when
you consider the lightning protection system, gas pipelines, water lines, fire
systems, telecommunications, and your electrical substations (which will require
human safety and step & touch voltage hazard analysis under 29 CFR 1910.269),
all of which need to be bonded back to each other.
Here are a few previous blogs that we think may be of interest to you for your
particular project:
http://www.esgroundingsolutions.com/blog/516/do-i-need-down-conductors-to-
be-bonded-to-the-re-bar-in-concrete-column
http://www.esgroundingsolutions.com/i-am-designing-a-ground-grid-for-a-new-
115kv-substation-the-civil-design-is-planning-on-utilizing-steel-piles-for-
strucutral-support-we-would-like-to-utilize-the-piles-as-ground-rods-if-possible-bu
http://www.esgroundingsolutions.com/blog/337/is-it-possible-to-provide-
electrical-grounding-utilzing-planned-structural-deep-earth-shafts
E&S Grounding Solutions is happy to help you with these issue. Please feel free
to call us at 310-318-7151 and one of our engineers will be happy to discuss your
project with you, free of charge.
Best regards,
The Engineering Team at E&S Grounding Solutions

photo credit:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/62459458@N08/5677717803/sizes/o/in/photostrea
m/
FacebookTwitterGoogle+EmailShare
Related posts:
Im designing a high rise building in Inda with 116 floors with 4 substations. What
are the methods/standards for grounding high rise buildings?
I am designing a ground grid for a new 115kV substation. The civil design is
planning on utilizing steel piles for structural support. We would like to utilize the
piles as ground rods if possible, but we are concerned with corrossion issues
since the grid is going to be copper. To avoid galvanic corrossion issues will we
not need to electrically isolate the steel piles from the copper grid?
Japanese code for Lightning Protection has followed IEC 61024-1 (IEC 62305-3
superseded it). The basic consideration is equipotential, reduce the differences of
potential. Does this meet minimum NFPA 780 standards?
Is it possible to consider using the telecom tower itself as a conductive metal
part (down converter), and ignore using popular down converter (conductor) and
still have a reliable protection against lightning?
Is it safe to use structural steel as a down conductor for a Lightning Protection
System at a school?

Share Post:
We have a product that is made from urethane and is used to provide temporary
repairs of steel equipment. The urethae has magnets cast inside and steel bars
that are cast in the urethane and extend out to magnetically hold the product to
the steel equipment. (IE there is steel to steel contact) A customer asked me if
the urethane part would be anti static or if the steel in & out of the urethane
would provide ground thru the steel in the equipment, which is grounded.
Pipes have no grounding in them, how do I do it?
Leave a Reply Cancel Reply
Top of Form
 Notify me of follow-up comments by email.

Notify me of new posts by email.

Bottom of Form
Search Our Website
Top of Form

Bottom of Form
Ask A Question
Feel free to ask a question about electrical grounding or electrical engineering.
Blog Categories
About E&S
Bonding
Electrical Grounding
Electrical Standards
Electrical Wiring
Ground Potential Rise
Grounding Electrodes
Grounding Test Methods
Lightning & Thunder Storms
News
Software
Step & Touch Voltage Hazards
Uncategorized
Hot Topics
50% GroundANSIbuswaycalculationCat 5CDEGSchem pitchem
rodconcretecorrosioncrestrondiving boardearth
pitelectrolyticequipotentialexothermicfall-of-
potentialferritegalvanicGFCIGPDGreen Screwgridground bargrounding electrode
conductorGrounding Systemhome automationIEEELightning ProtectionLightning
Strike AnalysisNECNFPApoolPSCADPVC sleeverebarresistance-to-groundSoil
Resistivitystatisticsswimming poolTVSSuferwater coolerweldingWenner
Recent Posts
About E&S Grounding Solutions
10 Commandments of Grounding & Earthing
Does the new Smart Ground Meter discussed in the new IEEE Std. 81-2012
actually work?
Is a #6 conductor the Catch-All ground wire?
What is the purpose of the PVC sleeve in concrete grounding?
Electrical Grounding Books
<A HREF="http://ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?
rt=tf_cw&ServiceVersion=20070822&MarketPlace=US&ID=V20070822%2FUS
%2Fesgrosol-20%2F8010%2F79ea4084-c3f8-4d91-9e85-
57cc2987f1e5&Operation=NoScript">Amazon.com Widgets</A>
E&S Grounding Solutions
We are the premier electrical grounding and electrical safety consulting firm in
the USA. Contact us for a consultation on your project.

Phone: 310.318.7151
Toll Free: 888.367.0888
FAX: 310.798.1038

E&S Grounding Solutions

703 Pier Avenue, Suite B174
Hermosa Beach, CA 90254
Contact Us
Top of Form

Name (required)
Email (required)

How can we help?

Input this code:

Bottom of Form
Electrical Grounding Blog
About E&S Grounding Solutions
10 Commandments of Grounding & Earthing
Does the new Smart Ground Meter discussed in the new IEEE Std. 81-2012
actually work?
Visit Our Blog
A Proud Member of ISN

ISNetworld connects hiring clients with safe and reliable contractors

and independently verifies safety, insurance and compliance information.
ISNetworld also allows clients and contractors to clearly communicate
requirements and expectations and exchange data with other internal systems.
2015 E&S Grounding Solutions. All Rights Reserved.
Ask The Experts Blog Disclaimer Of Liability.

Copied!

Facebook Twitter Google+ Pinterest Email LinkedIn Reddit Tumblr WordPress

Google Gmail WhatsApp StumbleUpon AIM Amazon Wish List AOL Mail App.net
Baidu Balatarin BibSonomy Bitty Browser Blinklist Blogger Post BlogMarks
Bookmarks.fr Box.net BuddyMarks Buffer Care2 News CiteULike Copy Link
Delicious Design Float Diary.Ru Diaspora Digg diHITT Diigo Douban Draugiem
DZone Evernote Facebook Messenger Fark Flipboard Folkd Google Bookmarks
Google Classroom Hacker News Hatena Instapaper Jamespot Kakao Kik Kindle It
Known Line LiveJournal Mail.Ru Mendeley Meneame Mixi MySpace Netlog
Netvouz NewsVine NUjij Odnoklassniki Oknotizie Outlook.com Pinboard Plurk
Pocket Polyvore Print PrintFriendly Protopage Bookmarks Pusha Qzone Rediff
MyPage Renren Segnalo Sina Weibo SiteJot Skype Slashdot SMS Stumpedia Svejo
Symbaloo Feeds Telegram Trello Tuenti Twiddla TypePad Post Viadeo Viber VK
Wanelo Webnews WeChat Wykop XING Yahoo Bookmarks Yahoo Mail Yahoo
Messenger Yoolink YouMob Yummly
AddToAny
Facebook Twitter Google+ Pinterest Email LinkedIn Reddit Tumblr
Google Gmail AOL Mail Outlook.com Yahoo Mail Email app
More
Home
Blog
About Us
About Electrical Grounding
About Electrical Grounding
Grounding Electrode Sphere of Influence
Different Types of Grounding Electrodes
Electrical Grounding System Design
How To Do Electrical Grounding System Testing
What Is Ground Potential Rise?
What Is Step and Touch Potential?
Standards For Lightning Protection Systems: US NFPA 780 vs BS EN 62305:2006
Ground Resistance Testing
What Is Soil Resistivity Testing?
Grounding Books & Resources
What is Lightning? and Pictures of Lightning
Electrical Grounding Frequently Asked Questions
Electrical Grounding Books and Resources
Electrical & Electronics Articles and Resources
Grounding Services
Electrical Grounding Services
Electrical Grounding System Evaluations
Power Quality Monitoring and Load Analysis
Cell Site Grounding And Telecommunications Grounding Requirements
Grounding System Design
Lightning Risk Assessments
Grounding System Design and Lightning Strike Analysis
Wenner 4-Point Soil Resistivity Testing
Ground Potential Rise Studies (GPR)
Electrical Engineering
Grounding Training
Contact Us

Connect With Us

Contact Info
40 Worth Street, Floor 10, New York, NY, 10013
Phone: 212-223-2964
Email: info@legalservicesincorporated.com
Web: Scott Legal, P.C.
Immigration
Business Plan Drafting
New Business Entity Selection & Set-up
Entrepreneurial & Business Owner Support & Contracts
InHouse General Counsel Program
Business Contract Dispute Litigation
Pro-Bono
Visa Services
E-2 Investor Visa
L-1 Visa
H-1B Visa
O-1 Visa
TN-Visa
EB-5 Immigrant Investor Visa
EB-1 Visa
EB-2 Visa
EB-3 Visa
Other Immigration Visas and Services
Family Based Green Cards
Our Services
Immigration
Business Plan Drafting
New Business Entity Selection & Set-up
Entrepreneurial & Business Owner Support & Contracts
InHouse General Counsel Program
Business Contract Dispute Litigation
Pro-Bono
Visa Services
E-2 Investor Visa
L-1 Visa
H-1B Visa
O-1 Visa
TN Visa
EB-1 Visa
EB-2 Visa
EB-3 Visa
EB-5 Immigrant Investor Visa
Other Immigration Visas and Services
FREQUENTLY ASKED IMMIGRATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Artculos en Espaol

Search
Top of Form

Bottom of Form
Recent Posts
E-2 Visa Approved for French National at the U.S. Consulate in Toronto
E-2 Visa Approval for Canadian Family for Gas Station
What is a H-1B Visa? Do I qualify for an H-1B Visa?
How much do I have to invest for an E-2 visa? What is a substantial investment
for an E-2 Visa?
What is the Cuban Adjustment Act? Have there been changes to the Cuban
Adjustment Act since the repeal of the wet foot/dry foot policy?
What to do after you visa application has been denied? My visa application has
been denied, what can I do when I reapply?
What Does Marginality Mean for an E-2 Visa? How Do I Prove That My E-2
Business is Not Marginal? Do I have to Hire U.S. Workers if I Get an E-2 Visa?
Is my E-2 Investment Amount Substantial? How much is Enough for an E-2
Investment?
E-2 Visa Approved for Canadian National for Gas Station at the U.S. Consulate in
Toronto after Applicant Had Been Denied Before he Came to Us 4 Times
Guidance on Letters of Intent for E-2 Visas
New Regulations Expand Eligibility for 10-day Grace Periods and Add 60-Day
Grace Period for Many Nonimmigrant Workers.
How does Trumps Executive Order Currently Affect Dual Nationals?
TN Visa Approved for Mexican National in the Attorney Category at the U.S.
Consulate in Monterrey
E-3 Change of Status Granted for Australian National at the U.S. Citizenship and
Immigration Services
Toggle SlidingBar Area
Contact us
info@legalservicesincorporated.com
212-223-2964
Set Up a Consultation
Home
About Us
Why Select Us?
In The Media
Ofrecemos servicios en un Nmero de reas de negocio, Incluyendo, Inmigracin
InHome Legal
About Our Founder & Our Staff
Contact Us
Fees
Services
Immigration
Business Plan Drafting
New Business Entity Set-Up
Entrepreneur & Investor Support & Contracts
Ofrecemos servicios en un Nmero de reas de negocio, Incluyendo, Inmigracin
InHouse General Counsel Program
Business Contract Dispute Litigation
Pro-Bono
Testimonials
In The Media
In The Media
Latest News
Blog
Trump Immigration Actions
Artculos en Espaol
E-2 visa
EB-5
H-1B
L1 Visa
Contact Us
Consultations

Top of Form

Bottom of Form

Home
About Us
Why Select Us?
In The Media
Ofrecemos servicios en un Nmero de reas de negocio, Incluyendo, Inmigracin
InHome Legal
About Our Founder & Our Staff
Contact Us
Fees
Services
Immigration
Business Plan Drafting
New Business Entity Set-Up
Entrepreneur & Investor Support & Contracts
Ofrecemos servicios en un Nmero de reas de negocio, Incluyendo, Inmigracin
InHouse General Counsel Program
Business Contract Dispute Litigation
Pro-Bono
Testimonials
In The Media
In The Media
Latest News
Blog
Trump Immigration Actions
Artculos en Espaol
E-2 visa
EB-5
H-1B
L1 Visa
Contact Us
Consultations

What is an L Visa & How Can I Use One To Start A Business In The U.S.?
Previous Next
What is an L Visa & How Can I Use One To Start A Business In The U.S.?

View Larger Image

An L-1 visa is a good option for a foreign company that that seeks to send an
employee to work at an existing U.S. company. An L visa is also a good option for
a foreign company trying to send an employee to open a new office in the United
States. The employee must have a particular set of skills and either be a
manager/executive or have particular specialized knowledge. In the past, L visas
were relatively easy to get approved but the past few years have seen a rampant
increase in Requests for Evidence (RFEs) and denials of L petitions. This is
particularly the case for applicants applying under the specialized knowledge
category or those seeking to extend a visa that was granted for a new office. The
relatively new scrutiny makes an L visa an extremely document intensive visa
that must be navigated carefully.
There are four main requirements to obtain an L visa outlined below. Remember
that even if a foreign company is opening a new office in the U.S., it is always the
U.S. entity or employer that will actually apply for the L visa.
The U.S. employer must have a qualifying relationship with a foreign company.
This means that the foreign company and the entity in the U.S. have a
relationship such as parent, branch, subsidiary or affiliate and the U.S. entity and
foreign company share common ownership and control.
The company must be doing business in the United States and at least one
foreign country, either directly or through a company with a qualifying
relationship to the U.S. employer (parent, branch, subsidiary or affiliate).
The employee must have been working for the foreign company for one
continuous year out of the preceding three years (normally you show payroll
records to prove this) and
The employee must be entering the United States to work at the U.S. company
as a manager, executive or specialized worker.
Types of L Visas
There are two types of L-1 visas, corresponding to different job functions.
L-1A Visa
The first type of visa is the L-1A, which is used for managers and executives who
are responsible for running the business and managing professional workers,
among other things. The Code of Federal Regulations provides strict definitions of
managers and executives and the visa application must include a detailed
job description as evidence that the executive or manager has the authority to
plan, direct, supervise and control the companys main functions. While
beneficial, managers need not supervise employees necessarily and can manage
functions or processes instead. That being said, the case for managing
employees is much easier to document.
L-1B Visa
The second type of visa is the L-1B, which is appropriate for workers who possess
special knowledge of an organizations product, services, research techniques or
policies and procedures. A specialized knowledge worker refers to someone who
is a key member of the organization and has proprietary knowledge that can only
be gained through experience with that particular employer. An example of
specialized knowledge is knowledge of an exclusive software owned solely by the
company or any other knowledge that has an impact on the competitiveness of
the business.
New Offices
If a foreign company wants to establish a new office in the U.S., they may create
a U.S. business entity and then apply for an L-1A visa to send an executive or
manager to run the new U.S. office. When a new office is being established, the
employer must submit additional evidence in the L visa application. Namely, the
employer must show that they have obtained physical office space and that the
business is going to be profitable such that it can support the new employee
brought to start the operations. Normally a business plan is submitted with this
application in addition to the lease agreement for the premises obtained. While
obtaining an approval for a new office L visa is manageable, the visa is only
issued for one year and getting an extension is difficult. Normally you must show
significant growth in the first year in order to get an extension and you should
have hired a number of employees.
Timing & Cost
The L-1A visa can be extended for a maximum period of 7 years, while an L-1B
visa can be extended for a maximum period of 5 years. For managers,
executives and specialized knowledge workers transferring to an established
company in the U.S., the L-1 visa will be granted for an initial period of 3 years
and then can be extended in 2 year increments. However, executives and
managers who are being transferred to start a new office in the U.S. will only be
granted an L visa for an initial period of 1 year. As noted above, it is quite
difficult to get an extension after one year if your company has not experienced
significant growth.
L visas are all processed by USCIS and after the approval notice is obtained, the
employee must get a visa in his/her own country. To file an L petition, you must
pay a $325 filing fee plus a number of additional filing fees. (eg. Possibly
Premium processing & Fraud Prevention fees). Remember that when you submit
documents to USCIS, they must be translated and include the appropriate
translation declarations.
Should I get an E-2 Visa or an L Visa?
The analysis of which visa is appropriate for a particular candidate depends on
the facts and circumstances of the case. That being said, as long as an applicant
is from a Treaty Country and can show the significant investment that is
required for an E-2 visa (usually not less than $50,000) an E visa provides good
flexibility. For example, the E-2 visa can be issued for 5 years and the filing fees
are substantially less than for L visas. (See above) Also, given the increased
scrutiny associated with L visas, E visas are often selected over L visas. As India
and China are not treaty country members, many of the L visas that we process
are from nationals of those two countries. One benefit of an L Visa though is that
it is a dual intent visa so it is easier to apply for a green card while on an L Visa.
Can I Bring My Family?
Spouses and unmarried children under 21 may apply for an L-2 classification,
which allows them to stay in the U.S. for the duration of the L-1 visa holders
stay. Spouses of the L-1 visa holder may apply for work authorization, which will
allow them to work anywhere in the U.S. and unmarried children under 21 will be
able to attend school.
To find out more about our immigration and business services, contact Scott
Legal, P.C.
Ian E. Scott, Esq. is the Founder of Scott Legal, P.C. He can be reached at 212-
223-2964 or by email at info@legalservicesincorporated.com.

This website and blog constitutes attorney advertising. Do not consider anything
in this website or blog legal advice and nothing in this website constitutes an
attorney-client relationship being formed. Set up a one-hour consultation with us
before acting on anything you read here. Past results are no guarantee of future
results and prior results do not imply or predict future results. Each case is
different and must be judged on its own merits.
IanScott 2017-02-13T04:59:26+00:00 November 11th, 2014|2 Comments
Share This Story, Choose Your Platform!
FacebookTwitterLinkedinRedditTumblrGoogle+PinterestVkEmail
Related Posts

Permalink
Gallery
What Does Marginality Mean for an E-2 Visa? How Do I Prove That My E-2
Business is Not Marginal? Do I have to Hire U.S. Workers if I Get an E-2 Visa?
February 10th, 2017 | 0 Comments
Permalink
Gallery
What is a H-1B Visa? Do I qualify for an H-1B Visa?
February 18th, 2017 | 0 Comments

Permalink
Gallery
How much do I have to invest for an E-2 visa? What is a substantial investment
for an E-2 Visa?
February 14th, 2017 | 0 Comments

Permalink
Gallery
What is the Cuban Adjustment Act? Have there been changes to the Cuban
Adjustment Act since the repeal of the wet foot/dry foot policy?
February 14th, 2017 | 0 Comments
Permalink
Gallery
What to do after you visa application has been denied? My visa application has
been denied, what can I do when I reapply?
February 14th, 2017 | 2 Comments
2 Comments

Shujauddin Munshi November 15, 2014 at 3:38 pm

Dear Madam
I am Electrical Engineer presently I am working with ABB Electrical Industries
Company Ltd Saudi Arabia as After Sale Service Manager in Power Products
Medium Voltage Switchgear Department. I have join ABB since 1994 and
performing my duties with successfully till to date .
Kindly let me know which visa process will be suitable for I can send you all my
particulars.
Please send me your response to my ABB e-mail address
Thanks for your valuable invitation and appreciated.
Thanks &
Best/regards
Shujauddin Munshi
After Sales Service Manager
ABB Electrical Industrial Co. Ltd.
Phone: +966 1 265 3030 Ext.1383
Telefax: +966 1 265 1211
Mobile: 00966 506233432
email: shujauddin.munshi@sa.abb.com
Kindly find the below my C.V
SHUJAUDDIN MUNSHI
CURRICULUM VITAE
_________________________________________________________________
ADDRESS ABB ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES LTD CO.
P.O.Box 251, Riyadh 11383, Saudi Arabia.
OFFICE CONTACT # 009661-2653030 Ext 1383
RES PHONE # 009661-4642603
MOBILE # 00966506233432
E-MAIL shujauddin.munshi@sa.abb.com
Shuja621@hotmail.com
ADDRES IN PAKISTAN Banglow # R-29 Block # 13D/1 KDA
Scheme # 24 Gulshan-e-Iqbal Karachi
DATE & PLACE OF BRITH 03-March-1962 Karachi Pakistan
CAREER OBJECTIVE
To be part of a growth oriented organization where I can apply my technical
managerial knowledge and gained experience at various academic and
professional places to mutually benefit for organization and for self.
WORK EXPERRIENCE IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
1) ABB ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES LTD COMPANY. RIYADH SAUDI ARABIA.
2) MC-DERMOTT AMERICAN ON SHORE OFF SHORE COMPANY DUBAI.
________________________________________________________________________________
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE SUMMARY IN ABB ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES SAUDI
ARABIA
Presently I am working as After Sale Manager for Medium Voltage Power
Products with (ABB Electrical Industries Company Ltd Saudi Arabia)
Promoted as Senior Project Engineer for Medium Voltage Switchgear
Engineering.(ABB Saudi Arabia) in year of January 2007 up- to December 2009
Promoted as Technical Support and After Sales Service Engineer in year of July
2003 up-to December/2006
I have join as Testing/Commissioning of Electrical Power Products , Protection
Relays & Control. In ABB Electrical Industries Company Ltd Saudi Arabia from 16
June/1994 up-to 2003
PROFESSIONAL WORK EXPERIENCE WITH
ABB ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES LTD., RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA January 2010 till to
Date
A) AFTER SALE MANAGER IN POWER PRODUCTS MEDIUM VOLATGE DEPARTMENT
Promoted as After Sale Manager in Power Products Medium Voltage Department
& Medium Voltage Switchgear Power Technology Department ABB Electrical
Industries Ltd., Riyadh Saudi Arabia Branch.
(http://www.abb.com)
Technical Role and Responsibilities:
After Sales Customer Technical Support with the Medium Voltage Power
Products.
Projects site comments to attend by assigning the within the departments
Technician & Engineers.
Corresponding with ABB venders & suppliers for technical clarification of the
Medium Voltage Products.
Customer record in CCRP (Customer Complaints Resolution Process) data base
for Medium Voltage Products warrantee period.
ABB ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES LTD., RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA January 2007 up to-
December 2009
B) SENIOR PROJECT ENGINEER IN POWER PRODUCTS MEDIUM VOLATGE
DEPARTMENT
I have worked as Senior Project Engineer in the Medium Voltage Switchgear
Power Technology Department of ABB Electrical Industries Ltd., Riyadh Saudi
Arabia Branch.
I have ABB PMP Certification.
(http://www.abb.com)
Technical Role and Responsibilities:
After the receiving the project documents from front & Sales, study the projects
terms & condition, coordinate with proposal & design as well as supply
management.
Corresponding with vender suppliers for technical clarification of the products.
Project execution as per project specification and contractual terms and
conditions.
Keeping the close coordination between all concerned of the project either side.
Project budget control in all aspect in order to maintain the profitability.
ABB ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES LTD., RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA July 2003 December
2006
C) CUSTOMER TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND AFTER SALES SERVICE ENGINEER
I have worked in the capacity of Customer Technical Support and After Sales
Service Engineer in the Medium Voltage Switchgear Power Technology
Department of ABB Electrical Industries Ltd., Riyadh Saudi Arabia Branch.
(http://www.abb.com).
Technical Role and Responsibilities:
After Sales Customer Technical Support.
Projects site comments to attend by assigning the within the departments
Technician & Engineers.
Corresponding with vender suppliers for technical clarification of the products.
Handled & Managed Various Projects
I have handled & managed various projects for site Testing & Pre-Commissioning
activity carried out with the professionals team site Technician, Supervisors, and
Commissioning Engineers. Worked with yearly budget of 30 million Saudi-Riyals
for site Testing & Pre-Commissioning projects.
The various projects were commissioned and handle as listed below.
A) Shoaiba Power Plant: Jubail, Saudi Arabia.
B) Quaiza 132kV/13.8kV sub-station: Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
C) Hail Water Treatment Plant: Hail, Saudi Arabia.
D) Saudi Aramco Desalination Plant Harad: Harad, Saudi Arabia.
E) Petro Kemiya Plant: Sabic Jubail, Saudi Arabia.
F) Various Saudi Electricity projects handled: Riyadh Central region, Dammam
Eastern region, Jeddah Western region
G) J.RAY Mc-DERMOTT: ON Shore/ OFF Shore oil field Jebel Ali
Dubai.
Responsibility
I was responsible for site Testing & Pre-Commissioning activity, co-ordination with
the customer for site witnessed, organizing the site commissioning schedule,
clearing the customer comments, and final commissioning acceptance test.
Reported to
After the commissioned the projects, all the projects site report customer
acceptance certificates are handing over to Field Commissioning Manager.
I held this position until July 30, 2003.
ABB ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES LTD., RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA June 1994 June
2003
D)TESTING and COMMISSIONING ENGINEER IN POWER PRODUCTS MEDIUM
VOLATGE DEPARTMENT
I have worked in the capacity of Testing and Commissioning Engineer for Power
Products Medium Voltage Switchgear Department in the ABB Electrical Industries
Ltd., Riyadh Saudi Arabia Branch. (http://www.abb.com).
Technical Role and Responsibilities:
Testing & Commissioning of 13.8kV/33kVSwitchgear.
Work involved testing of typical control and protection circuits.
Power Frequency test, insulation test.
Testing of Network Protection and control scheme.
Testing of various electrical components used in the switchgear.
Testing of LV switchgear, Ring Main Units, Compact Substations.
Mobile Substation with capacity 5, 10, 20MVA 69kV/13.8kV.
Trouble shooting during erection, Testing & Commissioning of various projects.
Customer Inspection and Type Test witnessing.
Preparation and study the test results as per IEC regulation.
Quality Control check according to QA regulation for Metering, Control and
Protection. Components used in switchgears.
Testing & Commissioning of substation 13.8kV/0.480kV
33kV/13.8kV.
SHEBBA MARINE PANAMA MV SHIP DUKE OF SA Oct, 1992 20-03-1994
E) ELECTRICAL ENGINEER
Technical Role and Responsibilities:
Marine navigation equipments.
Low Voltage Motor Control and AC/DC Distribution systems.
Generator Protection relays, Synchronizing unit, Load control and
Load sharing systems.
DC Control Devices for DC Motors.
MC DERMOTT DUBAI AMERICAN ON SHORE OFFSHORE COMPANY Jan 1992 Aug
1992
F) ELECTRICAL SUPERVISOR
Technical Role and Responsibilities:
Installation & commissioning ON SHORE OFF SHORE
Substations Electrical work.
ANSALDO ITALIAN COMPANY (PAKISTAN K.E.S.C. BIN QASIM THARMAL POWER
STATION 210 MW TWO UINTS) April 1989- Feb 1991
G) ELECTRICAL COMMISSIONING SUPERVISOR
Technical Role and Responsibilities:
Electrical Commissioning Supervisor
Commissioned following systems.
1. H&B Logic Control system.
2. GSX5C Generator Protection system by ABB.
3. M.N.S. Change over system by ABB.
4. Cathodic Protection system by Wilson Walton.
5. 6.6KV Switchgears system by Magrini Italia
6. Power Control & Motor Control Center by BBC Italia.
7. Protection Relays.
8. Hydrogen generation plant.
9. DC System of 24V, 48V, and 220V.
10. 220 KV, SF6 Switchgears auxiliary and Control.
System by HITACHI JAPAN.
SIEMENS PAKISTAN ENGINEERING COMPANY Jan 1986 April 1989
H) ELECTRICAL SUPERVISOR
Technical Role and Responsibilities:
I have worked on various Projects with Siemens Pakistan in capacity of Electrical
Supervisor following are the project brief description.
h.1) GAS TURBINE POWER STATION 100 X 2 MW KOT ADDU
Commissioning of 6.6 KV Switchgear.
Commissioning of Generator Protection Relays by Siemens Germany.
h.2) BELA CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES WINDER BALUCHITAN
Commissioning of 6.6 KV Switchgear by Siemens Germany.
h.3) SIEMENS PAKISTAN SITE KARACHI HIGH VOLTAGE TEST FIELD LAB
Commissioning of High Voltage test field for Power Transformer High Voltage
Test up to 400 KV Impulse Generator Test up to 1200 KV Indus Voltage Test.
EDUCATION & PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Electrical Engineer Degree: from Penn Foster USA.
Bachelor of Electrical Engineering Degree: from Preston University Karachi
Pakistan as Private Student.
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING:
TECHNICAL SEMENARS AND COURESES
A) I have attended 1 day Seminar for AVO International
In Electrical Test & Measuring Equipments.
B) 5 Days Training course in Protective
Relays Application from ACTRAIN
The course was content as listed below.
Phases and polarity.
Short Circuit Review.
Relay Coordination Basics.
Basic Circuit Arrangement and Relay types.
Current and Potential Transformers.
Grounding and Symmetrical components.
Feeder Protection.
Transformer Protection.
Motor Protection.
Generator Protection.
Plant Utility Tie Circuit Protection.
Bus Bar Protection.
Capacitor Protection.
Time Current Characteristic Curves.
C) I have taken 2 days course in Technical Report
Writing from MCE.
D) 4 Days Training Course for Programming and
Configuration of REF 542 Relay Instructors from
ABB Germany.
E) 5 Days Training Program in Power System
Protection by ABB University Switzerland.
The course was content as listed below.
Fault and disturbances.
Requirements for Protection and Substation.
Automation.
Current and Voltage Transformers.
Line Protection.
Bus Bar Protection.
Generator Protection.
Products.
Motor Protection.
PROTECTION RELAYS
The following listed ABB Protection relays
tested during Testing/Commissioning period.
1) Transformer Diff. relays : RADSB, SPAD330
2) Bus bar Differential relays : RADHA, RADSS
3) Over current relay : RACID, MCGG, SPAJ140
4) Auto reclosuer relay : REXA103, RACIB
5) Directional relay : REL010, RXPE, and METI
6) Breaker failure relay : RAICA, RAICC, and MCTI
7) Pilot wire protection. Relay : H04, MBCI
8) Motor protection relay : SPAM150
9) Under voltage relay : SPAU130
10) Annunciator : SACO16.3D
The below listed equipments were handled during the site Substations
Commissioning
works.
A. Secondary Injection Relays and Metering Components Testing Sets.
B. Injection test sets, Severker 750/650.
C. Freja R.T.S.11, R.T.S.21, R.T.S.300 Computerized secondary Current & Voltage
Injection
Testing sets.
D. Power & Control Test bench.
E. Meg Curve Test set
F. Circuit Breaker Timing Test set (Programa)
G. The Primary Testing Equipments
Power frequency test set.
2kV.Test set, Peak Voltmeter set.
Primary Current Injection Test set.
Contact Resistance Test set.
Shujauddin Munshi
After Sales Service Manager
ABB Electrical Industrial Co. Ltd.
Phone: +966 1 265 3030 Ext.1383
Telefax: +966 1 265 1211
Mobile: 00966 506233432
email: shujauddin.munshi@sa.abb.com

Should I get an E-2 Visa or an L Visa?

The analysis of which visa is appropriate for a particular candidate depends on
the facts and circumstances of the case. That being said, as long as an applicant
is from a Treaty Country and can show the significant investment that is
required for an E-2 visa (usually not less than $50,000) an E visa provides good
flexibility. For example, the E-2 visa can be issued for 5 years and the filing fees
are substantially less than for L visas. (See above) Also, given the increased
scrutiny associated with L visas, E visas are often selected over L visas. As India
and China are not treaty country members, many of the L visas that we process
are from nationals of those two countries. One benefit of an L Visa though is that
it is a dual intent visa so it is easier to apply for a green card while on an L Visa.

IanScott November 16, 2014 at 5:49 pm

Thank you very much for contacting us and we welcome the opportunity to help
you with your legal needs.
At your earliest convenience, we would be happy to offer you a consultation with
one of our lawyers. If after the consultation you decide to hire us to work on your
matter, our $250 one hour consultation fee will be waived and the amount will be
applied towards your future bill. (As such, the consultation would be free).
In order to protect and be fair to you, our current clients and the firm, we only
offer legal advice after an attorney-client relationship has been established.
While some legal questions appear straight forward, a proper answer requires a
review of the facts and circumstances as well as an application of legal
knowledge. Moreover, almost all questions require follow up and additional
analysis that is best done during a consultation.
We look forward to working with you and please contact us if you would like to
set up a consultation.
Kind regards,
Comments are closed.
About The Blog
Scott Legal, P.C. keeps up to date on the issues related to the practice areas we
specialize in. We also regularly publish articles in this blog so that we can share
that information with you. Please feel free to contact us and ask us any questions
you have about our posts. Also, please feel free to comment in the comment
section and/or share the posts with friends and family on Facebook, Twitter and
Linkedin.
Search Articles by Topic
Approvals (82)
Business Entity Set-Up (8)
Business Plans (4)
Business/Corporate & Contracts (106)
Client Advice (12)
Deportation & Humanitarian Immigration (19)
E-2 Visa (46)
EB-5 Visa (21)
Espaol (25)
Extraordinary Ability (3)
Family Immigration (16)
H-1B Visa (15)
Immigration (242)
Immigration Law Changes & New Law (15)
Investor Visas (57)
L-1 Visa (8)
News (191)
Questions & Answers (8)
Raising Capital in the U.S. (6)
TN Visa (3)
Visa Waivers (3)
Search
Top of Form

Bottom of Form
Blog Disclaimer
Do not consider anything in this website or blog legal advice and nothing in this
website constitutes an attorney-client relationship being formed. Set up a one-
hour consultation with us before acting on anything you read here. Past results
are no guarantee of future results and prior results do not imply or predict future
results. Each case is different and must be judged on its own merits.
As Seen Or Featured In:
Copyright 2017 Scott Legal, P.C. Immigration and Business Law Counsel for
Investors & Entrepreneurs 40 Worth Street, Floor 10, NY, NY 10013 (212) 223-
2964 Ian E. Scott Attorney Advertising New York Lawyer Contact Us
<=""> Set Up A Consultation info@legalservicesincorporated.com <="">
Disclaimer, Terms of Use & Privacy Policy
<="">
<="">

<="">
<=""> <="">
<="">
<="">
Go to Top
Download your FREE White Paper
Electrical Design: Improve Productivity, Quality
While 3D CAD has revolutionized mechanical design, electrical design has languished in 2D.

Download now
ENGINEERING.com

Eng-Tips Forums

Tek-Tips Forums

Resources

Jobs

Log In

Join

INTELLIGENT
WORK Home
FORUMS
FOR
Forums
ENGINEERING
PROFESSIONA
LS
Electrical / Electronic Engineers

Log In Activities

Come Join Electric power & transmission & distribution Forum

Us!
Are you
an
High Impedance Differential protection
Engineer thread238-216247
ing Forum Search FAQs Links MVPs
professi
onal? High Impedance Differential protection
Join Eng- High Impedance Differential protection
Tips raghun (Electrical)
Resources
Forums! (OP) eBook: The
Midsize 5-
Tal 6 May 08 00:31 Axis
k Buyers
Our client uses High impedance circulating current principle for
Wi Guide
Restricted Earth fault protection and for Busbar protection.
th
Of late there is discussion with some section of engineers saying we
Ot
should change with times and low impedance type protection is the
he
order of the day and entire world is after all changing and so on.
r
As protection engineer, I am conversant with the merits/demerits of
Me
high impedance based protection and personally hold the view that
m
be unless driven by need, there is no point in changing the protection
rs philosophy just because others are doing and such reasons.
Investing in a
machining center
I am also aware low impedance differential protection from ABB with full 5-axis
(RADSS) was available since 1980s (or even before. capabilities can
Be make a world of
No I would like to know the views of the learned members of this forum. difference for
manufacturers.
tifi I would also like to see if some one has statistical data as to how Download Now
ed many utilities of the world still continue to use the High impedance
Of principle based differential protection. White
Re I know CIGRE collects such data and I am not sure they have done it Paper:
sp on this particular issue. Improving
on Injection-
se Thanks in anticipation. Mold Tooling
s Developme
To Replies continue below nt With
Yo
SOLIDWORK
ur
Po
sts
Recommended for you S
Simulation
Premium
Ke
yw
or
d
Se
ar
ch In the world of
injection molding
and plastics
On engineering, the
proper expertise
e- is essential.
Cli Robert Elwell
launched
ck PROCAD
Ac TECHNOLOGIES
ce as a means of
providing that
ss expertise.
To Download Now
Yo
ur Toolholding 101: Top Tips for High Productivity Machining White
Fa Paper:
vo Improve
rit Tooling
e Connectivit
Fo
 y Design
ru and
ms Collaboratio
n with
Au SOLIDWORK
to S
m
at
ed
Si
gn
at
ur The development
es of advanced
On electrical
systems, such as
Yo industrial robotic
ur arms, requires
Po the proper CAD
tools. Download
sts High Efficiency Cells Power Solar Car Now

Be White
st Paper:
Of Leverage
All ERP for
, Sales &
It's Operations
Fre Planning
e!

Join Us!
*Eng-Tips's
functionality
depends on Sales &
members Operations
receiving e- planning, when
mail. By done well, can
joining you bring
are opting in tremendous
to receive e- benefits to a
mail. manufacturing
Low Power with High Contrast LCD Displays organization.
Posting Download Now
Guideline
s
Promoti
ng,
selling,
recruitin
g,
coursew
ork and
thesis
posting
is
forbidde
n.

Eng-Tips
Posting
Policies
Jobs

A Seriously High-Power Gallium Nitride Diode

RE: High Impedance Differential protection

REM76 (Electrical) 6 May 08 01:31

I know several years ago Siemens was using the high impedance
differential bus protection in thier high voltage substation design. This
was implemented as a typical design for the new 400 kV substations
that were part of the power interconnection projects between the
Middle East and Europe. This project is still going and I think the
design is still the same.

RE: High Impedance Differential protection

Marmite (Electrical) 6 May 08 05:23

You might find the attached paper of interest. It discusses the relative
merits of high and low impedance REF schemes.
Regards
Marmite

http://files.engineering.com/getfile.aspx?folder=23b77690-bad0-4fec-a9d6-9d

RE: High Impedance Differential protection

PUNGLU (Electrical) 6 May 08 07:24

It is obvious that technological advancements have enabled

manufacturers to come up with relays with less VA requirements. Low
impendance differential and REF schemes are gaining popularity but a
change from the high impedance could be purely based on economic
sense.

From the merits and demerits and cosidering the economic sense vis a
vis sensitivity then I don't see why you can decide suddenly to
overhaul the scheme.

Unless the relays have deterorited then I think you should maintain
the relays. We still use PBOs, TJMs and FACs and they serve well the
purposes.....
RE: High Impedance Differential protection
slavag (Electrical) 6 May 08 10:47

Hi.
Raghun is very, very intresting Q.
About REF HI, Marmite thanks a lot for the document.
Many countries/utilities request REF HI ( I see from time to time
projects for ME, India and others).
On other hand, I see utilities at retrofir time disconnect REF HI and
used REF LI only, but for the big AT still used REF HI.
BBP, as Rakan said, for the 400kV one and half CB configuration used
HI BBP, but as combination of LI and HI
BBP for redandancy.
Lot of new projects in ME and Eroupean contries used only LI BBP, but
for the redundancy used two options:
1. two LI BBP or one LI BBP and additional separated LI BFP
is connected to different CT's.
Best Regards.
Slava

RE: High Impedance Differential protection

slavag (Electrical) 7 May 08 00:23

Good Morning.
I would like add some intresting document about 87T ( diff )
protection. isn't exactly about OP, but..
http://library.abb.com/global/scot/scot296.nsf/veritydisplay/b3
72b00ba07f190ac125721a007606dd/$File/SA2006-
000850_A_en_Transformer_Differential_Protection_Improved_by_Imple
mentation_of_Negative-Sequence_Currents.pdf

Additional about HI BFP,

RADSS is great protection, but "problem" isn't RADSS, are class Px
CT's( we need use same CT ratio on all bays for the BBP HI) and BB
replika EM relays. Before 2 years flashover on this relay was reason for
serious fault in our area. For RADSS we always need RAICA ( BFP), as
separate relay and many times connected to the separated CT core.
I don't say about end-fault protection. Optionality for the bay
protective functionality in the BBP.
Economical reason, less wiring, more flexibility is reason for used
modern LI BBP instaed perfect HI BBP.
Just my pinion.
Best Regards.
Slava

RE: High Impedance Differential protection

raghun (Electrical)

(OP)

8 May 08 09:37

Thanks all for the posts.

Marmite, Thanks for the informative paper on REF protection.

But, I am still looking for some idea as to how many utilities in the
world still continue to specify High impedance type REF/Busbar
protection!

RE: High Impedance Differential protection

 jghrist (Electrical) 8 May 08 12:26

You might be able to get some information on relative sales of bus

differential relays from Schweitzer. They sell both a high impedance
SEL-587Z and a low-impedance (current) SEL-487B for bus differential
applications. One advantage of the SEL-587Z is cost (about 60% of
the 487B).

Schweitzer uses a directional element in their SEL-387 for transformer

REF protecdtion.

RE: High Impedance Differential protection

raghun (Electrical)

(OP)

10 May 08 23:02

Thanks, jghrist.
AREVA also sells MCAG and MFAC models for High impedance
differential protection. They too seem to be doing well.

RE: High Impedance Differential protection

slavag (Electrical) 11 May 08 14:14

Hi Raghun.
Maybe possible ask your local ABB, Areva, GE, Siemens for the
reference list.
Best Regards.
Slava

Reply To This Thread

Posting in the Eng-Tips forums is a member-only
feature.
Click Here to join Eng-Tips and talk with other members!

Join | Advertise

Copyright 1998-2017 ENGINEERING.com, Inc. All rights reserved.

Unauthorized reproduction or linking forbidden without expressed written permission.
Registration on or use of this site constitutes acceptance of our Privacy Policy.
<div style="display:none;">< img src="//pixel.quantserve.com/pixel/p-
b0hFPX_Dy1okM.gif" border="0" height="1" width="1" alt="Quantcast"/>< /div>