The UU AL AL

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The
Calculations threads
Nor
always screws used in machines are standardized (normalized) and often is not th
e type of screw in the desired trade. In this case, it is necessary that the com
pany makes the screws. This requires putting into practice some skills, like kno
wing how to identify the type of screw thread and calculate its dimensions. Cons
idering the importance of this knowledge, this class introduces a wealth of info
rmation on calculations triangular screw threads commonly used to secure the mec
hanical components. In practice, the class consists of a set of sample calculati
ons, followed by exercises. These calculations are related to the following type
s of threads: metric triangular normal, including metric thread and fine thread
standard Whitworth (BSW) and fine (BSF). For you to solve the calculations, you
must follow the directions provided on the forms below. These forms have been st
udied in class 6. However, we review them to facilitate understanding of the exa
mples of calculations presented and exercises offered from each example.
Introduction
Forms
Metric thread triangular (normal and fine) P = d = d1 = d2 = a = f = D = D1 = D2
= h = rre = RRI = thread pitch diameter of screw (normal) smaller diameter of t
he screw (→ Core ) effective diameter of the screw (average Æ) profile angle of
the clearance between the screw thread root of the nut and bolt thread crest dia
meter of the smallest diameter nut nut nut height effective diameter of the scre
w thread root radius of rounding the screw thread root radius of rounding of the
nut thread
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profile angle of the thread: a = 60. smaller diameter of the screw (→ Core): d1
= d - 1.2268 P effective diameter of the screw (average Æ): d2 = D2 = d - 0.6495
P clearance between the root fillet of the nut and bolt thread crest: f P = 0.0
45 Nut diameter: D = d + 2f. smaller diameter of the nut (hole): D1 = d - 1.0825
P effective diameter of the nut (average Æ): D 2 = d2. height of the screw thre
ad: P h = 0.61343. radius of rounding of the root of screw thread: rre = 0.14434
P. radius of rounding of the root of the nut thread: RRI = 0.063 P. Whitworth t
hread (triangular normal and fine) Formulas: a = 55 = P
1 "No fillet
hi = h = 0.6403 · P = RRI rre · P = 0.1373 d = D d1 = d - 2HE D2 = d2 = d - h
Preliminary information
The first procedure to compute threads consists in measuring the pitch of the th
read. For this measure, we use comb screw, scale or caliper. These instruments a
re called verifiers threads and provide a measure of the pitch in mm or fillets
per inch, and also measure the angle of fillets.
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The threads of triangular profile are manufactured in three standard systems: th
e metric system or international (ISO), the Whitworth or English system and Amer
ican system. In metric measurements of metric threads are specified in millimete
rs. The fillets have a triangular shape, angle of 60 degrees, flat crest and roo
t rounded.
In the system Whitworth Whitworth measures are given in inches. In this system,
the thread has a triangular shape, angle of 55, rounded crest and root. The pitc
h is determined by dividing an inch by the number of fillets contained in an inc
h.
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In the American system measurements are expressed in inches. The fillet American
, has a triangular shape, angle of 60 degrees, flat crest and root rounded.
In this system, as in Whitworth, the pitch is also determined by dividing an inc
h by the number of fillets contained in an inch. In all three systems, the threa
ds are made of two patterns: normal and fine. The thread has a lower number of n
ormal fillets per inch that the fine thread. Whitworth in the system, the normal
thread is characterized by the acronym BSW (British Standard Whitworth - Britis
h standard threads to normal). That same system, the fine thread is characterize
d by the acronym BSF (British standard fine - British standard for fine threads)
. In the American system, the normal thread is characterized by the initials CN
(national coarse) and fine thread by the initials NF (National Fine).
Calculations triangular metric thread standard
Now that you see in detail the instruments for measuring thread pitch and thread
systems, let's do some practical exercises. Before the exercises, it is necessa
ry that you know which procedures to determine the pitch of the thread or the nu
mber of threads per inch. Let's use the comb screw. ·
Check that the blades of the comb of the screw fits perfectly in the fillets of
the thread. The blade that will fit you indicate the pitch of the thread or the
number of threads per inch. We saw that in place of the comb screw€you can use a
scale and measure, for example, 10 fillets of the thread. You divide the measur
e found by 10 to find the thread pitch. This, if the thread is metric. If it is
the English system, you should check how many fillets fit in one inch scale. The
result, therefore, be the number of threads per inch. Measure the outside diame
ter of the screw with a caliper. Having measured the diameter and the extent of
pitch, or the number of threads per inch, you will see the table for the further
action of the thread. Also, instead of querying the table, you can do the calcu
lations of the dimensions of the thread.
·
·
Calculation of dimensions of screw
Metric thread standard Example - Calculate the smallest diameter of a screw (d1)
for a threaded external diameter (d) of 10 mm and pitch (p) of 1.5 mm. Calculat
ion: d1 = d - 1.2268 · P
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Substituting the values of this formula: d1 = 10 to 1.2268 · 1.5 d1 = 10 to 1.84
0 mm d1 = 8.16 Therefore, the small diameter of the thread is 8.16 mm.
As an exercise was done in the example above, calculate the smallest diameter of
a standard metric thread, namely: external diameter: 6 mm Pitch: 1 mm Formula:
d1 = d - 1.2268 · P Example - Calculate the effective diameter of a screw (avera
ge Æ) with metric thread standard, whose outer diameter is 12 mm and the pitch i
s 1.75 mm. Formula: d2 = d - 0.6495 · P Substituting the values of this formula:
d2 = 12 to 0.6495 · 1.75 d2 = 12 to 1.1366 d2 = 10.86 mm Therefore, measuring t
he average diameter is 10.86 mm.
Exercises
Exercise 2 Using the example, calculate the average diameter of a screw with met
ric thread standard, namely: external diameter: 8 mm Pitch: 1.25mm Formula: d2 =
d - 0.6495 · P Example - Calculate the slack ( f) a standard metric thread of a
screw whose diameter (d) is 14 mm and the pitch (p) is 2 mm. Formula: f = 0.045
· P
Substituting the values: f = 0.045 f = 0.09 • 2 mm Therefore, the clearance betw
een the root fillet of the nut and bolt thread crest is 0.09 mm.
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Exercise 3 Calculate the slack (f) of a standard metric thread of a screw whose
diameter (d) is 10 mm and the pitch (p) is 1.5 mm. Formula: f = 0.045 P
Example - Calculate the diameter of a nut with metric thread standard, which is
the screw diameter of 8 mm and the pitch is 1.25 mm. Formula: D = d + 2f
It is estimated, first the value of f whose formula is f = 0.045 P. Therefore:
f = 0.045 f = 1.25 0.05625
Substituting the values of f in the formula: D = 8 + 2 ° D = 0.056 + 0.112 8 D =
8.11 mm Therefore, the diameter of the nut is 8.11 mm.
Exercise 4 Calculate the diameter of a nut with metric thread whose normal diame
ter of the screw is 16 mm and the pitch is 2 mm. Formula: D = d + 2f
Example - Calculate the smallest diameter of a nut with metric thread whose norm
al diameter of the screw is 6mm and the pitch is 1 mm. Formula: D1 = d - 1.0825
P
Substituting the values: D1 = 6 to 1.0825 • 1 = D1 6-1.0825 D1 = 4.92 mm Therefo
re, the small diameter of the nut is 4.92 mm.
Exercise 5 Calculate the smallest diameter of a nut with metric thread whose nor
mal diameter of the screw is 18 mm and the pitch is 2.5 mm. Formula: D1 = d - 1.
0825 P
Example - Calculate the height of the thread of a screw with metric thread with
normal diameter of 4 mm and pitch of 0.7 mm. Formula: h = 0.61343 h = 0.61343
P 0.7 h = 0.43 mm Therefore, the height of the screw thread is 0.43 mm. Exerci
se 6 Calculate the height of the thread of a screw with metric thread with norma
l diameter of 20 mm and pitch of 2.5 mm. Formula: h = 0.61343 P
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Substituting the values:
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Calculations triangular threads
Metric fine thread in the case of calculating triangular metric fine threads are
used the same formulas of triangular metric thread standard. The only differenc
e is the measure of the pitch. Example - Calculate the smallest diameter of a sc
rew (d1), knowing that the diameter is 10 mm and the pitch is 0.75 mm. Formula:
d1 = d - 1.2268 P d1 = 10 to 1.2268 P d1 = 10 to 0.9201 d1 = 9.08 mm Therefo
re, the small diameter of the screw is 9.08 mm.
Substituting the values:
Exercise 7 Calculate the smallest diameter of a screw (d1), knowing that the dia
meter is 12 mm and the pitch is 1 mm. Formula: d1 = d - 1.2268 P Example - Cal
culate the height of the thread of a screw (h) with thin triangular metric threa
d with a diameter of 8 mm and 1 mm pitch. Formula: h = 0.61343 h = 0.61343 P •
1 h = 0.61 mm Therefore, the height of the fillet is 0.61 mm.
Substituting the values:
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It is very important to know the mechanical calculating the diameter of the dril
l that will drill a hole where the screw will be opened by the male. In calculat
ing the diameter of the drill to open screw metric triangular, normal or thin,€w
e use the following formula: d = Æ drill - P Example - Calculate diameter drill
to open the hole to be threaded with metric thread, knowing that the diameter of
the screw is 10 mm and the pitch is 1.5 mm. Substituting the values in the form
ula: = Æ drill 10 to 1.5 Æ = 8.5 mm drill Therefore, the diameter should be 8.5
mm.
Exercise 8 Calculate diameter drill to open the hole to be threaded with metric
thread, knowing that the diameter of the screw is 8mm and the pitch is 1 mm. For
mula: d = Æ drill - P
Calculation of triangular threads
Thread normal Whitworth (BSW) and fine (BSF) Example - Calculate the step-mm scr
ew with a Whitworth thread, knowing that the screw has 32 threads per inch. Form
ula: P =
25, No. 4 wire
Substituting the values: P =
25, April 32
P = 0.79 mm Therefore, the pitch should be 0.79 mm.
Exercise 9 Calculate the step-mm screw with a screw Whitworth, knowing that the
screw has 18 threads per inch. 25, 4 Formula: P = # of wires
Example - Calculate the height of thread (h) of a Whitworth thread, knowing that
the step is 0.793 mm. Formula: h = 0.6403 h P = 0.6403 0.793 h = 0.51 mm Th
erefore, the height of the fillet is 0.51 mm.
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Substituting the values:
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Exercise 10 Calculate the height of thread (h) of a Whitworth thread, knowing th
at the thread has 20 fillets per inch. Formula: h = 0.6403 P = P
25, No. 4 wire
Example - Calculate the radius of rounding of the root of the screw thread of Wh
itworth screw with 10 threads per inch. Formula to calculate the pitch: 25, 4 P
= number of wires Substituting the values: P =
25, 4 = 2.54 mm 10
The formula for rounding: rre P = 0.1373 Substituting the values: = 0.1373 r
re rre = 2.54 mm 0.35 mm Therefore, the rounding radius is 0.35 mm.
Exercise 11 Calculate the radius of rounding of the root of the screw thread of
Whitworth screw with 12 threads per inch. Formula to calculate the pitch: P =
25, No. 4 wire
The formula for rounding: rre P = 0.1373
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Example - Calculate the smallest diameter of a screw threaded Whitworth, whose d
iameter is 1 / 2 inch (12.7 mm) and has 12 threads per inch. Calculate the pitch
: P =
25, April 12
P = 2.117 mm is estimated to he - he P = 0.6403 h = 0.6403 2.117 h = 1.355 m
m Calculate the smallest diameter of the screw: d1 = d - 2HE Substituting the va
lues: d1 = 12, 7 - 2 1.355 d1 = 12.7 to 2.71 d1 = 9.99 mm Therefore, the small
diameter of the screw is 9.99 mm.
Exercise 12 Calculate the smallest diameter of the screw threaded Whitworth, who
se diameter is 1 / 4 "(6.35 mm) and has 26 threads per inch. Example - Calculate
the effective diameter of the screw (→ medium) screw Whitworth, whose outer dia
meter is 5 / 16 "(7.9375 mm) and has 18 threads per inch. Calculate the pitch: P
=
25, April 18
P = 1.411 mm Calculate the 1.411 h = 0.6403 h = 0.903 Calculate the average Æ:
Formula: d2 = d - h Substituting the values: d2 = 7.9375 to 0.903 d2 = 7.03 mm
So the average Æ the screw is 7.03 mm. Exercise 13 Calculate the effective diame
ter of screw (Æ medium) screw Whitworth, whose outer diameter is 1 "(25.4mm) and
has 8 threads per inch.