Disease Prevention and Health Promotion in Primary

Fundamental Nursing Care I. Glauco Cardoso

Referred to health
What is the concept of Health in view of each one of you?
What factors determine the health of the population?
Concepts of Health
Before - "Health is understood or represented the absence of disease (...) in ac
cordance with the ideological elements of Flexinerianismo"
(Mendes, pág.236)
"Health is a result of conditions of food, housing, education, income, environme
nt, labor, transportation, employment, leisure, freedom, access and land tenure
and access to health services. Thus, first of all, the result of forms of social
organization of production, which could generate large inequalities in living s
tandards "
Source: Report of the 8th Conference of Health -1986, Theme 1 - Health as a righ
t item
Concepts of Health
health, then, is the result of a process of social production that expresses the
quality of life of a population on the understanding quality of life as a condi
tion of existence of men in your life "routine," a living "unimpeded," a way of
"floor life", pleasurable, either individually or collectively. This presupposes
a certain level of access to economic goods and services "
(Source: MENDES, Sanitary District - Chapter 4 - A new health paradigm: Social P
roduction of Health pp. 237)
"Health as the most complete state of physical well-being, mental and social, no
t merely the absence of disease" (Source: WHO)
Health Promotion
Health care has increasingly focused on promoting health, wellness and disease p
revention. The skyrocketing costs of health care has motivated people to seek wa
ys to reduce the incidence and minimize the results of illness or disability.
Determinants of Health
Behavioral Factors
Social and environmental factors
Health System
Goal of health programs
is to improve the welfare of a client in all dimensions, not just physical healt
h.
Risk Factors
A risk factor is any situation, habit, social or environmental, physiological or
psychological condition of development or intellectual, or spiritual condition
or other variable that may increase the vulnerability of a person or group to an
illness or accident.
Risk
This is a term that encompasses different concepts:
Risk Situations; Causes Risk;
Ex: Stress at Work Ex: He lives in a place without sanitation Ex: Dyslipidemia a
nd AMI.
Behavioral Risk Factor Markers.
Ex: Alcohol use and risk of traffic accidents. Ex: Daughters of mothers who had
their first child during adolescence are more likely to become teenage mothers.
Risk Factors
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND GENETIC FACTORS (pregnancy, obesity) AGE (very young or ve
ry old) LIFESTYLE (excessive sunbathing)
Disease prevention.
Actions based on knowledge of the natural history of diseases that prevent its o
nset and / or its progression.
Diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia.
Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
The work of teams providing a comprehensive and continuing care places each work
in a great position to maintain and improve the health of the population under
their care. This work can be done both in individuals and populations.
Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
At the same time as each professional team and have the confidence of his patien
ts get MOTIVATION is simpler to follow the measures proposed.
Health Promotion
Combination of genetic, environmental, facilities and lifestyle, to support educ
ational and environmental actions aimed at achieving and living conditions that
lead to health.
Health Promotion
Is related to resource development in general resistance of the people. Health i
s connected to:
Healthy environment; Balanced Diet, Physical Activity, Adaptability, Self confid
ence, Self control.
Health Promotion
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Incentives for Health: Advice and information. Risk Prevention. D
ecrease Risk. Early identification of disease in non-symptomatic stage. Reducing
complications in patients with established disease.
Natural History of Disease and Prevention Strategies
Primary prevention will shall, Secondary Prevention
Tertiary prevention will
Risk Factors
Of the facility will Doenç
S intomas and Clinical detection of the disease will
S sequelae of the disease
Death
Prevention in Health
The Health team is prepared to provide preventive services to the community that
attends. Prevention can be classified into levels according to the time of the
natural history of the disease in question.€Levels of prevention:
Primary. Secondary. Tertiary.
Prevention in Health
Primary Prevention.
They are measures that increase people's ability to remain free of diseases thro
ugh programs of Health Promotion and Protection - with specific p / prevention o
f the occurrence.
Ex: Vaccination, lectures, etc..
Prevention in Health
Secondary Prevention.
It is the early detection of disease or its risk factors, and can be treated bef
ore irreversible damage is installed. Involve recovery measures, diagnosis and i
mmediate treatment.
Eg BP measurement, breast examination, examination of the prostate.
Prevention in Health
Tertiary Prevention.
These measures are aimed at preventing the progression of diseases already manif
est or the appearance of complications. Rehabilitation measures for the reductio
n of sequelae
Eg control of dyslipidemia after myocardial infarction, or prevention of disabil
ity in leprosy.
Prevention in Health
The levels of secondary and tertiary prevention are also known as halting the pr
ogression of diseases and injuries
(Hilleboe & Larimore, 1965)
Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
Activities of health promotion and disease prevention services developed by Heal
th
1.Vacinação. 2.Educação to health. 3.Avaliação and action in health.
4.Rastreio (Screening) and detection.
What is Malaise?
The malaise is a condition where the physical performance, emotional, intellectu
al, social, or spiritual development a person is diminished or compromised in co
mparison with previous experience.
What is acute?
An acute disease usually has a short duration and is serious. Symptoms appear qu
ite suddenly, are severe and often diminish after a relatively short period. An
acute illness can affect performance in any dimension
What is a chronic disease?
persists in general for more than six months and may affect performance in any
dimension. A person with chronic illness is similar to a person with a disabi
lity, as both have limitations (of varying degrees) in the function resulting fr
om injury or disease process.
Bibliography
Starfield, Barbara. - Primary Care Concept, Evaluation and Policy. Oxford 1992.
Starfield, Barbara. - Primary Care Balancing Health Needs, Services, and Technol
ogy. Oxford 1998. McWhinney, Ian R. A Textbook of Family Medicine 2nd edition. O
xford 1997. U.S> Preventive Services Task Force. Guide to Clinical Preventive Se
rvices, 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1996. Kloetzel, Kurt. Medical Cli
nical Reasoning and Practice. EPU in 1980. Alto, William A, Editor. Prevention i
n Practice. PRIMARY CARE - Clinics in Office Practice 22 (4) Dec.1995.