1.1.

Sub Kompetensi
When you complete this chapter, youll be able to: Understand descriptive text about
maritime potential, Perform daily conversation, Explain routines, Understand the use
of present simple tense and present continuous tense, Write an e-mail

1.2. URAIAN MATERI

GETTING READY
Use the picture to
determine specific
details!
Ask yourself where to
determine the general
context and the specific
context
General context:

Specific details:

Discuss the following questions with a partner.

1. Do you know our biggest maritime potential?
2. Do you think we have utilized our maritime potential?
3. What is the best way to utilize maritime potential?

READING

Task 1

Look for the title and any illustration on the text. Skim the question types. Skim the
passage.
The Maritime Potential of ASEAN
Economies
Maritime Resources
In a global world economy countries have to strive to improve
their1 competitive position versus each other by using their
available resources. All nations and regions are endowed with

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resources that range from minerals, oil and arable land to cultural
diversity and knowledge assets. These assets are unevenly
distributed between countries that have made full or less than
optimal use of these resources. Fortunately there is a trade-off:
Nations without natural resources can compensate for this2 by
using human resources, talents and knowledge to maintain and
enhance economic and socio-political performance.
Nevertheless the search for new resources is still on, and
once resources are defined they3 can be classified as either
optimally utilized, over- or underexploited. Another aspect would be
sustainability. A short term economically optimal exploitation of a
resource may lead to its4 extinction in the long-run. Over-
exploitation of fisheries would be an often discussed example.
Sustainable development rather than just optimization of resource
exploitation needs to be emphasized. A new perspective would,
however, be the search for resources that are not threatened by
extinction through economically optimal exploitation. The search
for renewable resources, like solar, wind or biologically renewable
energies been one avenue, another less often discussed resource is
location.
Measuring the Maritime Potential
Numerous ranking systems have been designed to show the
relative position of countries either regionally or globally. The
underlying values and indicators are diverse but combined into
indices. They5 show whether a country holds a top position on
dimensions like economic growth, good governance, human
development, corruption, technology readiness or knowledge
assets. These indicators are usually devised to monitor socio-
economic trends, but are also used as planning instruments that
provoke administrative action or monitor results of policy measures.
The CenPRIS Ocean Index (COI) described in the following

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paragraphs is a combination of the Maritime Potential Index (MPI)
and the Maritime Economy Index (MEI). It6 is designed to measure
how much a nation has utilized its7 geographical location next to
seas and oceans to develop a maritime economy.
The Maritime Potential Index (MPI) measures the geographical
dimension of the natural resource proximity to seas and oceans.
It8 shows the natural potential of a nation, state or region to make
use of this resource. A landlocked state has no natural potential to
use maritime resources, whereas the potential of an island state or
a state with a long coast line should be very high. The Maritime
Economy Index (MEI) combines various typically maritime
industries like fisheries, shipping, ship building, harbours and other
economic fields. Whether or not the potential is utilized is
measured by the CenPRIS Ocean Index (COI).
A less often discussed natural endowment consists of coasts
and access to the world oceans. Nations with a long coastline will
be in a better position to make use of maritime resources than
countries with a short coast line, let alone land-locked countries. A
long coast line offers the opportunity to engage in fishing, ship
building, sea transport and other maritime industries. Its9 harbours
facilitate international shipping, labour migration and the transfer
of goods and knowledge. Location along an ocean and access to
blue water, maritime ecology and marine bio-diversity are as much
a natural resource as gold, copper or oil, but unlike other natural
resources it10 is fairly stable, not easily depleted and therefore
naturally sustainable.
A look back in history shows that several great civilizations
have been built on the advantages of a long coastline. The Roman
Empire on Italys far-stretched peninsula as well as Great Britain
with its11 island positions are civilizations that have made extensive
use of their long coastlines and access to seas and oceans. The

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same holds true for Sumatran-based Srivijaya, and classical Melaka
on the Malay Peninsula. (taken from Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs
1/2011: 117-124)

Task 2

Answer these following questions based on the text

1. What is the main idea of the passage?
2. What do indices show in numerous ranking systems?
3. What is meant by The CenPRIS Ocean Index (COI)?
4. What does The Maritime Potential Index (MPI) measure?
5. What are the advantages of Nations with a long coastline?
6. How could maritime potential give benefit to several great civilizations
in the past?

Task 3

Decide if the following statements about the reading are true (T) or false (F). If you
choose false, correct the statements to make it true.

No Statement Tru Fals

e e
1 These assets are equally distributed between countries that
have made full or less than optimal use of these resources.
2 The search for new resources is still continuing.
3 Sustainable development rather than just optimization of
resource exploitation needs to be highlighted.
4 The Maritime Potential Index (MPI) is designed to
measure how much a nation has utilized its geographical
location next to seas and oceans to develop a maritime
economy.
5 The CenPRIS Ocean Index (COI) shows the natural
potential of a nation, state or region to make use of this
resource.
6 Nations with a narrow coastline will be in a better position
to make use of maritime resources than countries with a
short coast line.
7 A landlocked state has great natural potential to use
maritime resources.

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 8 Location along an ocean is almost stable, not easily
reduced and therefore naturally sustainable.
9 Several great civilizations in the past times have been
built on the advantages of a long coastline.
10 Mostly discussed natural endowment consists of location
of the nations including coasts and access to the world
oceans.

Task 4

Find these words in the passage. Find their references and write your answer in the
meaning column below.
No Word Paragraph Meaning / refers to
1 their1 1
2 this2 1
3 they3 2
4 its4 2
5 they5 3
6 It6 3
7 its7 3
8 It8 4
9 Its9 5
10 it10 5
11 its11 5

Task 5

Find these words in the passage. Match these words with their meaning!
1.Resources a. list of subjects
2. Potential b. use of something in the best possible way
3. Trade-off c. keep something alive or in existence
4. Index d. all the ships of a country, port etc
5. asset e. use of something in an unfair way
6. sustainability f. give and take
7. endowment g. qualities that exist and can be developed
8. shipping h. thing owned
9. optimization i. benefit
10. exploitation j. assets

LANGUAGE

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 THE PRESENT SIMPLE

Pattern = S + V1

Positive forms
I/you/we/they get
he/she/it gets
In the present simple we use the verb without an ending.
I get the lunch ready at one o'clock, usually.
We always do our shopping at Greenway.
Most children like ice-cream.
You know the answer.
But in the third person singular (after he, she, it, your friend, etc), the verb
ends in s or es.

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It gets busy at weekends. My husband thinks so, too.
Sarah catches the early train.
She faxes messages all over the world.
Negatives and questions
I/you/we/they do not get OR don't get do I/we/you/they get?
he/she/it does not get OR doesn't get does he/she/it get?
We use a form of do in negatives and questions. We use do and don't except
in the third person singular, where we use does and doesn't.
We don't live far away.
He doesn't want to go shopping.
Do you live here? ~ Yes, I do.
What does he want? ~ Money.
We do not add s to the verb in negatives and questions.
NOT He-doesn't gets and NOT Does he gets?
We use the present simple for repeated actions. She often speak live to the
camera means that she does it again and again.
It always rains at the weekend.
I watch television most weekends.
He's a photographer. He takes lots of photos.
We normally use the present simple to talk about thoughts and feelings.
I think it's a good programme. Kitty likes her job. We also use it to talk about states
(see Unit 7) and permanent facts.
Reporting means a lot to her. Paper burns easily. We also use the present
simple in I promise, I agree, I refuse, etc.
I promise I'll write to you. It's all right. I forgive you.
We use the present simple for a routine or situation that we see as permanent.
They work at a sports shop. It's a permanent job.
They live in a very nice flat.
Always with the present simple means 'every time'.
Tom always invites us to stay at Christmas.

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(= He invites us every Christmas.) I always make silly mistakes in exams. (= I make
mistakes in every exam.)

Task 7

Complete the sentences by putting in the verbs. Use the present simple. You have to
decide if the verb is positive or negative.
Claire is very sociable. She knows (know) lots of people.
We've got plenty of chairs, thanks. We don't want (want) any more.
1. My friend is finding life in Paris a bit difficult. He............ (speak) French.
2. Most students live quite close to the college, so they .................. .......... (walk)
there.
3. My sports kit is really muddy. This shirt ............................................... (need)
a good wash.
4. I've got four cats and two dogs. I ........................................... (love) animals.
5. No breakfast for Mark, thanks. He ...............................................(eat)
breakfast.
6. What's the matter? You ............................................(look) very happy.
7. Don't try to ring the bell. It .............................................. (work).
8. I hate telephone answering machines. I just............................................. (like)
talking to them.
9. Matthew is good at badminton. He ............................................ (win) every
game.
10. We always travel by bus. We .......................................... (own) a car.

Task 8

Complete the conversation. Put in the present simple forms.

1. Rita: () Do you like (you / like) football, Tom?
2. Tom: () I love (I / love) it. I'm a United fan. (1)
(I / go) to all their games. Nick usually
(2) ................................................. (come) with me. And
(3) ............................................... (we / travel) to away games, too. Why
(4) ............................................. (you / not / come) to a match some time?
3. Rita: I'm afraid football (5).. (not / make)
sense to me men running after a ball. Why
(6) ...................................................... (you / take) it so seriously?

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 4. Tom: It's a wonderful game. (7) ................................................ (I / love) it.
United are my whole life.
5. Rita: How much (8).. (it / cost) to buy the
tickets and pay for the travel?
6. Tom: A lot. (9) ............................. (I / not / know) exactly how much. But (10)
(that / not / matter) to me. (11) ............................ (I / not / want) to do
anything else. (12) .......................... (that / annoy) you?
7. Rita: No, (13) .......................... (it / not / annoy) me. I just (14) (find) it a bit
sad.

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Pattern= S + Tobe + Ving

We use the present continuous for something happening now. Here are some
more examples.
It's raining at the moment.
I'm watching this programme.
Look. That man is taking a photo of you.
We use the present continuous for a routine or situation that we see as
temporary (for a short period).
I'm working at a sports shop for six weeks.
At the moment they're living in a very small flat.
We can use always with the present continuous to mean 'very often', usually
with the added meaning of too often'.

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Tom is always inviting friends here. (= He invites them very often.)
I'm always making silly mistakes. (= I make silly mistakes too often.)

Task 9

Present continuous or simple? At work Mark is talking to Alan in the corridor.

Complete their conversation. Put in the present continuous or simple of the verbs.

Mark: () Are you looking (you / look) for someone?

Alan: Yes, () / need (I / need) to speak to Neil. He isn't in his office.
1. Mark: (1). (he / talk) to the boss at the moment.
(2).. (I / think) (3)
(they / discuss) money.
2. Alan: Oh, right. And what about you? (4).. (you / look)
for someone too?
3. Mark: Yes, Linda. (5) ......................................... (you / know) where she is?
4. Alan: Oh, she isn't here today. She only (6) (work) four days a week.
(7) ................ (she / not / work) on Fridays. She'll be here on Monday.
5. Mark: Thank you. (8) ..........................................(you / know) a lot about Linda.
6. Alan: Well, most days (9) ....................................... (I / give) her a lift,
or(10) ............... (she / give) me one. (11) ..(she / live)
quite close to me. (12) .......................................(it / save) petrol.
7.Mark: Yes, of course. Good idea. Yes, (13) ........................................(1/ agree).
Well, (14) ........... ............... (I / waste) my time here then. I'll get back to my
computer.

Task 10

Present continuous or simple? Complete the sentences. Put in the present

continuous or simple of the verbs.
I'm writing (I / write) to my parents. / write (I / write) to them every weekend.
1. Normally ....................... (I / start) work at eight o'clock, but .................. (I /
start) at seven this week. We're very busy at the moment.

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 2. I haven't got a car at the moment, so...........................................(I / go) to
work on the bus this week. Usually .............................. (I / drive) to work.
3. The sun ....................... (rise) in the east, remember. It's behind us so ........
(we / travel) west.
4. I'm afraid I have no time to help just now.......................................... (I /
write) a report. But....................... (I / promise) I'll give you some help later.
5. .................. (I / want) a new car .................................(I / save) up to buy one.

Task 11

Complete the sentences. Use always and the present continuous or simple.
Melanie: Tom talks too much, doesn't he?
Rita: Yes, and he's always talking about football.
Laura: You forget your keys every time.
Trevor: I try to remember them, but I always forget.
1. Claire: Sarah takes the train every day, doesn't she?
Mark: Yes,.............................................................................. the train.
2. Vicky: Rachel misses lectures much too often in my opinion.
Emma: I agree.................................................................................... lectures.
3. Mike: Every time I drive along here, I go the wrong way.
Harriet: But it's very simple, isn't it? Why......................... the wrong way?
4. David : Trevor and Laura argue much too often, I think.
Melanie: I know .........................................................................................

SPEAKING

ROUTINES

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 We use the present simple for
regular or routine events;
Job descriptions;
Processes
The present continuous is used to talk about
(1) things happening now;
(2) things happening temporarily around now;
(3) plans or intentions for the near future.

Task 12

Complete this dialog between Tore and Ken.

Task 13

Work in pairs. Ask each other about your jobs.

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 Task 14

Task 15

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Work in pairs. Ask each other about the changes in the work routine.

Task 16

Complete this job description with the words in the box.

Check have inspect make maintain

order repair report supervise work

Task 17

Write down your job title and a short job description. If you do not have a job, think
of a job you want when you finish all your training.
WRITING

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 Task 18

Read this email carefully. Rewrite this email replacing the phrases in italics.

Notes:

Task 19

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1.4 REFERENSI
Bonamy, David. 2008. Technical English 2, England, Pearson Education Limited
Hans-Dieter Evers and Azhari Karim. 2011.The Maritime Potential of ASEAN
Economies, Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 1/2011: 117-124
Eastwood, John. 2002. Oxford Practice Grammar with answers. Oxford University
Press
Oxford learners Pocket Dictionary
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplepresent.html

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