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,
* SHIMIZU**,
Mitsuo SHIOYA*, Gunji KIMURA*,
* Faculty of Tbzhnology,
2-1-1 Fukazawa,Setagaya-ku lbkyo 158 Japan
**
Fuji E l e c t r i c Research and Developnent Ca,Ltd.
1 Fuji-machi, H i n o Tokyo 191 Japan
1-
In a high-frequency induction heating system
with a o p e r a t i n g frequency ranged o v e r MHz, t h e
wiring between the voltage-fed type inverter and a
p a r a l l e l LC resonant l o a d c i r c u i t causes t h e
deterioration of the electric power transmission
characteristics.
To s o l v e t h i s problem, authors already have
developed the pwer transrm'ssicm methcd using the
d i s t r i b u t e d constant l i n e (named D.C.L.) with t h e
1/4 length of the wavelength determined by the Lc
resonant frequency (expressed a s A/ 4-D.C.L.). The
l i n e is connected between the voltage-fed type
inverter and a p a r a l l e l LC resoMnt load circuit.
However, when t h e l o a d i s placed near t h e
i n v e r t e r set, t h i s method i s not so economic
because of hi* expense and long length of IXCL.
Then authors have s t u d i e d on a new method
using t h e LC lumped constant c i r c u i t r e p l a c i n g
D.C.L. f o r transmission of t h e high frequency
electric pcmx ranged over MHz. The experimntal
r e s u l t i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e waveform of t h e
inverter outpt current i s approximately
sinusoidal with -11 contents of harmonics, which
is s i m i l a r r e s u l t obtained by using of D.C.L.
2-a
Recently, a number of t h e high-frequency
inverter c i r c u i t s u t i l i z i n g high-speed switching
d e v i c e s such as power MOSFET'S and SIT'S have
b e e n d e v e l o p e d w i t h t h e i r o p e r a t i n g frequencies
ranged o v e r from hundreds of ldIz up to s e v e r a l
MHz. Some of them a r e a p p l i e d t o t h e high-
frequency induction heating systems.
On t h e high-frequency induction h e a t i n g
system t h e f o l l o w i n g two combinations of t h e
i n v e r t e r c i r c u i t and t h e heated resonant load
c i r c u i t are usually used. Cne of them is a
distrmted canstant line, llmlped constant
circuit, voltage-fed type inverter, p a r a l l e l
r e s a a n t type load circuit, high freqUencY m
transmission, the number of element
'Ibkyo Metropolitan University
combination of "current-fed type i n v e r t e r and a
p a r a l l e l resonant load circuit", and the other is
that of "voltage-fed type inverter and a series
resonant load circuit". Analyses of t h e system
o p e r a t i o n s when t h e l o a d c i r c u i t is d i r e c t l y
COMected to the inverter circuit are frequently
being mde on these two canbination methods.
Hawever, i n case of high operating frequency,
t h e included leakage inductance i n t h e wiring
between the inverter and the load c i r c u i t would
prevent t h e system from i t s proper o p e r a t i o n ,
even i f a s h o r t l e n g t h of wiring were used t o
connect.
Authors have s t u d i e d on t h e high-frequency
i n d u c t i o n h e a t i n g system i n t h e MHz band,
employing t h e X/4-D.C.L. f o r t h e transmission of
the high-frequency electric m. Provided that
the p a r a l l e l U: resonant load circuit is d i r e c t l y
connected with a voltage-fed type i n v e r t e r , t h e
high hamom' c currents i n the inverter output w i l l
increase.
I n order t o limit the increasing of the high
hamonic currents ,authors have devised a system
c o n s i s t i n g of a voltage-fed type i n v e r t e r , t h e
A;4-D.C.L. and a p a r a l l e l LC r e s o n a n t l o a d
c i r c u i t . The h/4-D.C.L. is e f f e c t i v e f o r t h e
systen consisted of a d i s t a n t l y separated inverter
and a heating device, or a m v a b l e heating device.
But i n case t h a t t h e l o a d is placed near t h e
i n v e r t e r set, X/4-D.C.L. i s n o t so economical
because of high expense and long l e n g t h ,about
32.5 meter a t 1.5MHz.
Generally can be approximately replaced
by t h e c i r c u i t composed of LC-lumped constant
elements (named L.C.C. elements or L.C.C), so
that a short distance electric w w e r transmission
Figure 1 shows the main circuit configuraticn
of t h i s system. The i n v e r t e r c i r c u i t is a
voltage-fed type and has an electric capacity of
1.5MHzI 0.5kWI using power MOSFET's f o r t h e main
switching devices. The inverter is operated a t the
resonant frequency of t h e p a r a l l e l LC resonant
load circuit (named fundamental frequency). The
p a r a l l e l LC load c i r c u i t is consisted of the work
coil ($, and resonant capacitor (C+
77
CH2795-3/89/0000-0077 $1.00 0 1989 IEEE
 lumped c o n s t a n t c i r c u i t e l e m e n t s I n t h e same way a t & = n (n=1,3,5...) , the
base harmanic impeaance k ( n ) is expressed as follaws.
construction
ZL( n) =RL(n)+j
XL(n)-j XL(n)=-j-l Ink-. ....( 6)
,wh-
LT
RL(n)=ZT-l/(n4- (hr2b'o
RT
and

voltage-fed type p a r a l l e l resonant

high frequency i n v e r t e r type load c i r c u i t Then, it i s found t h a t t h e fundamental power
Fig.1 Main circuit construction f a c t o r becomes t h e l e a d i n g power f a c t o r and t h e
high harmonic impedance ZL(n) i s approximated by
the reactance of the resonant capacitor C p It is
I n a d d i t i o n , L.c.C. is connected between t h e r e s u l t e d t h a t t h e h i g h harmonic components
inverter and the load circuit f o r the transmission included i n the inverter outplt current extremely
of t h e high-frequency electric power. D is t h e increase, because t h e high hezmonic impedance
number of the base construction included i n LCC becanes d i s t i n c t l y smaller value than that
elements(see Figure 1). L and C express t h e x ( 1 ) i n mnparison
t o t a l amount of inductance and capacitance with Eq.(5) and Eq.(6).
included i n L C C , respectively.
4 W USING D.CL
The system using D.C.L. f o r t h e connection
between a v o l t a g e - f e d t y p e i n v e r t e r and a
up t o now , a u t h o r s h a v e s t u d i e d on t h e p a r a l l e l LC r e s o n a n t l o a d c i r c u i t h a s t h e
f o l l o w i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of t h e P a r a l l e l LC following remarkable three characteristic^.'^'
Resonant Load Circuit.
( a ) The fundamental power f a c t o r of t h e load
I n t h i s paper i s t h e resonant a n g u l a r is observed as leading a t the m i v - terminal
frequency of the paral3el LC resonant load circuit Of the tranSrm 'ssion l i n e because of resonance. The
, WI is the inverter mtplt angular frequency ard o t h e r way t h e fundamental power f a c t o r a t t h e
5 is the angular frequency r a t i o w I / ~ . sending end of t h e transmission l i n e , i n v e r t e r
output terminal, seems t o be lagging. That i s
Then t h e load c i r c u i t impedance zL i s given very u s e f u l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c f o r d r i v i n g of t h e
by Eq.(l) t o Eq.(3) inverter.
ZL=RL+ j XL ...................( 1 ) ( b ) By t h e reason discussed i n t h e previous
paragraph, when t h e p a r a l l e l LC resonant l o a d
circuit is ~onnededd i r e c t l y w i t h the voltage-fed
RL'
ZT - 1 / Q T ~
..........(2) type i n v e r t e r , t h e high harmonic components
included i n the inverter output Current increase.
5.1 /QT)'
( 1 -c2l2+(

But i n t h e system using X/4-D.C.L., t h e high

harmonic impedanae a t t h e sending terminal is much
bigger than t h e fundamental impedance. So t h e
,where Z T = h / ( (+ is t h e coil q u a l i t y i n v e r t e r i s p o s s i b l e t o supply almost o n l y t h e
QT
factor expressed as% e f o lowing equation. fundamental canpnen:. This means t h a t t h e X/4-
D.C.L. has a f u n c t i o n t o convert t h e v o l t a g e
sou~cesupplied from the voltage-fed type inverter
a t t h e sending end , t h a t i s i n v e r t e r output
The value of S, de- on the kind of the heated termina1,to a current s o u ~ c ea t the receiving end,
m a t e r i a l i n t h e h e a t i n g system. A t &=1, by Eq.(l) that is load input terminal.
t o Eq.(3) t h e fundamental impedance ZL(l) i s
expressed a s the following equaticm. (c) system provides a means of impedance
matching between t h e i n v e r t e r and t h e resonant
l o a d c i r c u i t by choosing D.CL.

5 m c sW SYSlYBl UsIIG L.C.C.

Authors h a v e s t u d i e d on t h e f o l l o w i n g
characteristics of the system using LCC
( a ) Figure 2 shows a r e l a t i o n between t h e
number of the base construction included i n LCC

78
elements D and the fundamental pawer factor angle
a t t h e sending terminal. The v a l u e s of L and C
are as same as t h o s e of D.C.L per u n i t l e n g t h ,
which have t h e v a l u e s of L=8uH and C=3,3OOpF i n
the experimental c i r d t .

Phase a n g l e 8 (rad)
lagging
200
100
0 5000 10000
Fig.4 The c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of
t h e v a r i a b l e LC v s k

'leading
Fig.2 The c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of number D
v s fundamental power f a c t o r a n g l e

I t is obvious that t h e power f a c t o r a n g l e

Lx:c
changes t o t h e l a g g i n g from t h e l e a d i n g a s B-as/%=O. 667
incresing of the number of D.
,where us i s t h e a n g u l a r frequency of L.C.C.
expressed as
( b ) K i s defined as t h e r a t i o of t h e r.m.s.
v a l u e of t h e high harmonic c u r r e n t s and t h a t of ws=l /$E-
the fundamental current a t the sending terminal as
shown i n Eq.(7). and % is t h e resonant angular frequency.
By the above r e s u l t , the values of L and C must be
I
J c determined i n r e l a t i o n t o the resonant frequency
K= ---. IS(nlL
100 ( % ) ...........(7) of t h e parallel LC resonant l o a d c i r c u i t F a s
follows,

L*C=1/(2"rr*FkBI2 ............(8)
,where I (1) and IS(n) express each r.m.s. value
of t h e %undamental component o r t o t a l n t h Z u i s t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c impedance of L.C.C. as
hanmnic canporaents i n the current a t the sending shown
termina1,where n shows each odd number n=1,3,5,.*..

,Where the values of L and C must be s a t i s f i e d

4-(8).
This means t h a t t h e impedance a t t h e power
sending tenniml varies according to the values of
L and C. So t h e impedance matching between t h e
inverter and the r m t circuit are achived by
choosing the values of L and C

6-RESJLTS

(a) When t h e v o l t a g e - f e d type i n v e r t e r i s

F i g . 3 C h a r a c t e r i s t i c of number D v s K
Figure 3 shows a r e l a t i o n between the number
D and K. It i s shown t h a t K becomes g r a d u a l l y
s m a l l a s i n c r e a s i n g of t h e number D. The
r e l a t i o n s between K and t h e v a r i o u s v a l u e s of L
and C are shown i n Figure 4. The X - a x e s and the Y-
axes indicate the values of L and C ,respectively.
The other hand, the Z-axis indicates the value
of K. The b o l d curved l i n e i n Figure 4 i n d i c a t e s
the allawable values of L and C i n the case that
K has smallest values. This s t a t e is obtained a t
the angular frequency r a t i o
connected d i r e c t l y with the p a r a l l e l LC resonant
c i r c u i t , t h e observed waveforms of v o l t a g e and
c u r r e n t a t t h e sending t e r m i n a l are shown i n
Figure 5.
It i s clear that a l a r g e amount of 3rd
harmonic component is included i n t h e i n v e r t e r
output current.
(b) When X/4-D.C.L. i s used, t h e observed
waveforms a t the sending terminal are a s shown i n
Figure 6. The i n v e r t e r output c u r r e n t i s an
almost s i n u s o i d a l waveform of t h e fundamental
canponent.
 Figure 7 shows the results of the observed
voltage and current waveforms at the receiving
terminal. In contrast to Figure 6, the inverter
outplt voltage has a sinusoidal mveform and the
current has a square one, respectively.
(c)When L.C.C.(D=lO) is used, the observed
waveforms of the output voltage and current
supplied by the inverter are indicated in Figure
8,and FigurelOshows them at the case of D=22.
On the other hand, Figure 9 and 1 1 show the
waveforms at the receiving terminal in the case of
k 1 0 and 22, respectively.

Fig.7 Waveforms at receiving terminal

(in case of using D.C.L.)
Upper : voltage(20V/div)
under : current(lA/div)

Fig.5 Waveforms at sending terminal

(in case of dilect conection)
Upper : Voltage(20V/div)
Under : Current(lA/div)

Fig.8 Waveforms at sending terminl

(in case of using L.C.C. D=10)
Upper : Voltage(20V/div)
Under : Current(lA/div)

Fig.6 Waveforms at sending termFna1

(in case of using D.C.L.)
Upper : Voltage(ZOv/div)
Under : Current(lA/div)
Fig.9 Waveforms at receiving terminal
(in case of using L.C.C. D=10)
Upper : Voltage(20V/div)
Under : Current( 1 A/div)
 (b) Especially this transmission method is
useful in case of a parallel resonant load circuit
placed near a high-frequency voltage-fed type
inverter.
KwmmcY3

( 1 ) T.Shimizu ,M.Shioya ,"Characterisics of

Fig.10 Waveforms at sending terminal
(in case of using L.C.C. D=22)
Upper : Voltage(ZOV/div)
Under : Current(lA/div)
Electric Power Transmission on High Frequency
Inverter Having the Distributed Constant Line at
the Load side" T.IEE Japan,Vol.l07-D,No2,pp.231-
238,1987
(2) T.Shimizu ,MShioya ,llCharacterisics of
Electric Power Transmission on High Frequency
Inverter using the Distributed Constant Line"
JEIEC Technical Report ,Vol. 88, No.55.PE88-12,
PP.83-90,l 988
(3) T.Shimizu ,M.Shioya ,"Characterisics of
Electric Power Transmission on High Frequency
Inverter Having the Distributed Constant Line at
the load side" prpceeding of 14 th Annual
conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
p ~556-562
.

Fig.11 Waveforms at receiving terminal

(in case of using L.C.C. D=22)
Upper : Voltage(20V/div)
Under : Current(lA/div)

These verify that the inverter m t p t current

is approximately formed to be a sinusoidal
waveform with a small amount of high harmonic
contents , and L.C.C. performs a function to
convert the voltage source supplied from the
voltage-fed type inverter to the current somce
as same as the result at the using of X/4-D.C.L.
And also the high harmolll'c contents becarre mll
anount as increasing of the number D.

7axwzusIcN
This paper has attempted to propose a new
induction heating system for the high-frequency
power transmission fran a high-frequency inverter
to a parallel resonant load circuit, which is set
up near the inverter equipment. The features of
this system are as follows:
(a) System operates as an effective power
supply by use of L.C.C., minimizing the influence
of leakage inductance included in the lead-wiring
'between the inverter and the resonant load.

81