Name:

Group No: EXPERIMENT NO: 2

Rating:
Instructor/s: COLLECTION, PREPARATION AND
PROCESSING OF BLOOD
OBJECTIVES:
1. Perform proper selection and care of blood collection equipment.
2. List the correct steps in collecting, processing, and recording
blood specimen
3. List names, mechanisms and action and functions of commonly used
anticoagulants.
4. Perform correctly and with confidence blood extraction.
5. Learn the correct manner of patient identification and patient
care.

MATERIALS:
Cotton balls Sterile blood lancets Capillary tube
70% ethanol Syringes and needles Test tubes
Seal ease clay Test tube racks Micropore
Labeling tape Evacuation tubes Adapters
Two-way needle Torniquet

CAPILLARY BLOOD/PUNCTURE
-obtained from the tip of the finger or earlobe in adults from
the great toe or the heel from infants.

PROCEDURE:
1. Assemble all the equipments required in capillary puncture.
2. Choose the appropriate finger and rub vigorously with cotton ball
moistened with 70% ethanol.
3. Wipe the area dry with sterile cotton balls.
4. Apply a little pressure about an inch away from the puncture site
and using a sterile lancet, make a deep puncture on the side of the
finger tip, midway between the edge and the midpoint of the finger
tip.
5. Wipe of the first drop of blood using a dry sterile cotton ball.
6. Collect the succeeding sample in a heparinized capillary tube using
a capillary action.
7. Seal one end of the capillary tube using the seal-ease clay.
8. Apply dry cotton to site of puncture using a slight pressure until
the bleeding has stopped.

VENOUS BLOOD
-necessary for tests that require anticoagulation (except
microtechnique) and larger quantities of blood.
-usually obtained from the antecubital veins although other veins
may be used.

SYRINGE METHOD

PROCEDURE:

R.P.P. Laboratory Manual in Hematology I

1. Assemble all the equipments required for venipuncture.
2. Apply tourniquet 3-4 inches above the puncture site.
3. Select a suitable vein for puncture.
4. Cleanse the area thoroughly with cotton moistened with 70% ethanol.
Dry with sterile dry cotton balls.
5. Check that syringe does not stick, needle is attached tightly to
the syringe and is not clogged.
6. Insert the needle slightly below the area where the vein is most
prominent with the bevel side up.
7. The needle should point on the same direction as the vein and set
at an angle approximately 15 degrees to the arm.
8. As blood starts to enter the syringe, release the tourniquet and
withdraw the plunger slowly to allow the syringe to fill.
9. Hold a sterile cotton ball or gauze pad to the puncture site and
withdraw the needle.
10. Immediately apply pressure to the puncture site and hold for at
least 2 minutes.
11. A micropore plaster may be applied to the site.

EVACUATION METHOD
PROCEDURE:

1. Follow procedures 1-4 of the syringe technique.

2. Attach the two-way needle onto the adapter.
3. Insert the needle slightly below the area where the vein is most
prominent with the bevel side up.
4. The needle should point in the same direction as the vein and set
at an angle approximately 15 degrees to the arm.
5. When blood enters the flashback hub, carefully insert the
evacuation tube into the adapter. Apply gentle pressure until the
rubber stopper is punctured and the tube fills with blood.
6. When the tube is exhausted its vacuum, carefully removed it from
the adapter.
7. Hold a sterile cotton ball or gauze pad to the puncture site and
withdraw the needle.
8. Immediately apply pressure to the puncture site and hold for at
least two minutes.
9. A micropore plaster maybe applied to the site.

DRAWINGS:
1. Procedures for capillary puncture
2. Procedures for venipuncture
3. Procedures of Evacuated tube system

QUESTIONS FOR RESEARCH:

1. Tabulate the different collection tube colors and additives.
2. What is hemolysis? Causes of hemolysis? Types of hemolysis?
2. Explain the procedure in arterial blood collection.

R.P.P. Laboratory Manual in Hematology I