Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Content
1. Analysis of beam
2. Analysis of 2D frame
3. Analysis of plate
1. ANALYSIS OF BEAM
a) Displacement Functions
End displacements
v1 v 0
v v L
u 2
1 0
2 L
Deflection function
v x a1 a2 x a3 x 2 a4 x 3 A x ,
T
1 a1
x a
x 2 ,
A x 2 .
a3
3
x a4
Angular rotation
dv
x a2 2a3 x 3a4 x 2
dx
Determination of a1 , a2 , a3 , a4
Page 1
x 0, v v1 : a1 a2 0 a3 02 a4 03 v1
x L, v v2 : a1 a2 L a3 L2 a4 L3 v2
x 0, 1 : a2 2a3 0 3a4 02 1
x L, 2 : a2 2a3 L 3a4 L2 2
In matrix notation
1 0 0 0 a1 v1
1
L L2 L3 a2 v2
0 1 0 0 a3 1
0 1 2 L 3L2 a4 2
C u
From which
C u
1
C
1
Determination of reverse matrix
T
A11 A12 A13 A14
A24
1 A21 A22 A23
C
1
0 1 0 0
0 1 2 L 3L2
L L2 L3 1 L2 L3
A11 1 A12 1
11 1 2
1 0 0 L4 , 0 0 0 0,
1 2 L 3L2 0 2 L 3L2
1 L L3 1 L L2
A13 1 A14 1
1 3 1 4
0 1 0 3L2 , 0 1 0 2 L,
0 1 3L2 0 1 2L
0 0 0 1 0 0
A21 1 A22 1
2 1 2 2
1 0 0 0, 0 0 0 0,
2
1 2 L 3L 0 2 L 3L2
1 0 0 1 0 0
A23 1 A24 1
23 2 4
0 1 0 3L , 2
0 1 0 2 L,
2
0 1 3L 0 1 2L
Page 2
0 0 0 1 0 0
A31 1 A32 1
31 3 2
L L2 L3 0, 1 L2 L3 L4 ,
2
1 2 L 3L 0 2 L 3L2
1 0 0 1 0 0
A33 1 A34 1
3 3 3 4
1 L L3 2 L3 , 1 L L2 L2 ,
2
0 1 3L 0 1 2L
0 0 0 1 0 0
A41 1 A42 1
4 1 4 2
L L2 L3 0, 1 L2 L3 0,
1 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 0
A43 1 A44 1
4 3 4 4
1 L L L,
3 3
1 L L2 L2 .
0 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0
L4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 L4 0 3 1
C 4 2 3 2
1
L 3L 3L2 2 L3 L3 L2 L2 L L
2 L 2 L L2 L2 2 2
3
1 1
L3 L L2 L2
v x A x C u N x u ,
T 1 T
Where,
3 2
1 0
L2 L3
1 1 3 2 2 3
3 2
0 0 3 3 2 2 3
L x
N x C A x L2 x
1 T
2 L 2 2 3 ,
0 2 1 x L
1 3
L L x L 2 3
2
1 1
0 0
L L2
b) Strain Energy
Page 3
Thus bending moment is equal to
d 2 N x
T
d 2v
u EI B x u ,
T
M EI 2 EI
dx dx 2
Where,
x d 1 d d d 1 d
,
L dx L dx d dx L d
d 2 N x
d d N x 1 d 1 d N 1 d d N
B x dx 2
dx
dx
L d L d
2
L d
d
1 3 2
2 3
6 6 2
6 12
1 d d 3 2 1 d 6 6
2 3 2
1 6 12
L2 d L 2 2 3 L2 d L 1 4 3 2 L2 L 4 6
B x
L 2 3
L 2 3 2
L 2 6
Flexural stress
y E B x u y.
M T
I
Strain (Hookes law)
B x u y.
T
E
Potential energy
L
1 1 1
U dv dAdx U 0 dx, U 0 dA
2 V 2L A 20 A
Page 4
B x u y bdy
h 2 h 2
E B x u y
T
U 0 dA
T T
bdy
A h 2 h 2
h 2
bh3
Eb u B x B x u u B x B x u
T T
y 2 dy E
T T
h 2 12
EI u B x B x u
T T
L
1 1
EI u B x B x dx u u K u
T
U
T T
2 0 2
K EI B x B x
T
dx.
0
1
L 1
1
1
1 2 3 12
0 1 1 0 1 1
L3 0
2
B B dx L B B d 6 12 d 36 144 144 ,
L2 2 3 0 L2
L 1
1 12
0 B1B2dx L3 0 6 12 6 12 d L3 ,
1 1 1
L 1 24 36 48 72
1 2 2 3 6,
B B dx L 6 12 4 6 d
0
1 3 2
0 L 2
L2
1 1 1
L 1 12 36 24 72
1 2 2 3 6,
0 B1B4dx L2 6 12 2 6 d
0 L2
L2
L 1
1 12
3
B2 B2dx 6 12 d 3 ,
2
0 L 0 L
L L
6 6
B2 B3dx
0 L2
, B B dx L
0
2 4 2
,
L 1
1 4
B B dx L 4 6
2
3 3 d ,
0 0 L
L 1
1 2
B B dx L 4 6 2 6 d L ,
0
3 4
0
L 1
1 4
B4 B4dx 2 6 d .
2
0 L0 L
Page 5
12 12 6 6
L3
L3 L2 L2
12 12 6 L 6L
12 12 6
2
6
2
3 L3 L EI 12 12 6 L 6 L
K EI L L
.
6 6 4 2 L3 6 L 6 L 4 L2 2 L2
2
L2 L L L 6 L 6 L 2 L
2
4 L2
6 6 2 4
2 2
L L L L
Work
L
W W f Wq u F v x q x dx,
T
Where
F1 y
F
F 2 y ,
M 1z
M 2z
Calculate Wq
L L
Wq v x q x dx N x u q1 q2 1 dx
T T
0 0
1
L u N q q 1 d
T
1 2
0
Page 6
1 3 2 2 3
3 2
2 3
1 1
L u N q q 1 d u L 3 q1 q2 1 d
T T
0
1 2
0
L 2 2
L 2 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 3 2 11 3 2 1 3 2
2 4 5 3 4 2 4 5
1 1 1 1 1 1
3 2 3 2 3 2
4 5 3 4 4 5
u L q1 q2
T
L 1 1 2 1 1 1 L 1 1 2 1 1 1 L 1 1 2 1 1 1
3 4
5 2 3
4 3 4
5
1 1 1 1 1 1
L 1 4 1 5 L 1 3 1 4 L 1 4 1 5
Wq u
T
F ,
q
3 7
20 q1L 20 q2 L
7 qL 3 q L
20 1 2
q 1
F
20
1
q L q2 L
2 2
30 1 20
1 1
q1L2 q2 L2
20 30
Total strain energy
1
U W u K u u F u Fq .
T T T
c) Transformation
Direction cosines
Page 7
Lx L
cx cos , c y cos sin y ,
L 2 L
Lx x2 x1 , Ly y2 y1 , L Lx 2 Ly 2 .
For beam
1, x2 x1
cx c y 0.
1, x2 x1
From figure
v1 v1cx , v2 v2 cx ,
1 1, 2 2 .
v1 cx 0 0 0 v1
v 0 c 0 0 v
2
u x 2 T u.
1 0 0 1 0 1
2 0 0 0 1 2
From above relation
u T u ,
T
Because
cx 0 0 0 cx 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 cx 0 0 0 cx 0 0 0 1 0 0
T T I
T
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
Strain energy
1 1 T 1 T
U u K u u T K T u u K1 u ,
T T
2 2 2
W u F u Fq u T F u T Fq u F u T Fq ,
T T T T T T
Where
K1 T K T F T F .
T
,
d) Equilibrium Conditions
Principle of physics
min Equilibrium
Minimize function
Page 8
U W
u min 0 or .
u u u
Derivatives
1 u u
T T
U 1
u K1 u K1 u K1 u K1 u ,
T T
u 2 u 2 u u
u u
T T
W
F T Fq F T Fq ,
u u u
Because
u
T
I , K1 K1 .
T
Solution equations
K1 u F T Fq .
e) Internal Forces
V1 VL V 0 12 12 6 L 6 L vL
V V
V L EI 12 12 6 L 6 L vR
S 2 R K u.
M1 M L M 0 L3 6 L 6 L 4 L2 2 L2 L
M 2 M R M L 6 L 6 L 2 L 4 L2 R
2
Page 9
3 3 0 3L
3 3 0 3L
EI
K 3 .
L 0 0 0 0
3L 3L 0 3L2
30 1 20
1 1
q1L2 q2 L2
20 30
For pinned-fixed element
9 2
40 q1L 5 q2 L
11 q L 1 q L
Fq 40 1 10 2
0
1 7
q1L
2
q2 L2
15 120
Page 10
For fixed-pinned element
9 2
40 q1L 5 q2 L
11 q L 1 q L
Fq 40 1 10 2
7 q1L2 1 q2 L2
120 15
0
For pinned-pinned element
1 1
3 q1L 6 q2 L
1 1
Fq 6 q1L 3 q2 L
0
0
g) Support Reactions
Equilibrium of node
F 0 : R F T F S 0
q
R S T F F .
q
Page 11
Analysis of Beam by FEM
ORIGIN 1
Node coordinates
a 2
0
2a
Joints 3 a X Joints1 NJ rows Joints 5
4a
5a
Supports
Fixed "Fixed" 1 Fixed
Pinned "Pinned" Supports 4 Roller
Roller "Roller" 2 Roller
JS Supports1
TS Supports2
NS rows Supports 3
Node forces q 10
GY "GY" JointForces 5 GY 2 q a
GM "GM"
JF JointForces1
DF JointForces2
F JointForces3
Page 12
NF rows JointForces 1
Distributed forces
LY "LY" 3 GY q q
DistributedLoads
LM "LM" 4 LY q q
Iw DistributedLoads1
Dw DistributedLoads2
w1 DistributedLoads3
w2 DistributedLoads4
Nw rows DistributedLoads 2
Solution
Transformation matrix
cxi 0 0 0
Ti
0 cxi 0 0
i 1 NM
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1
Stiffness matrixes
i 1 NM
12 12
i EIi 12 i EIi 12
KV1 KV2
Li 3 6 Li Li 3 6 Li
6 Li 6 Li
6 Li 6 Li
EI 6 Li EI 6 Li
i i
KM1 i 2 KM2 i 2
Li 3 4 Li Li 3 2 Li
2 L 2 4 L 2
i i
i 1 NM
Page 13
Ki
T
K0 augment KV1 i KV2 i KM1 i KM2 i
if MLi 0
K0 if MR i 0
T
3 KM2i 3 KM2i KM2i
K0 augment KM2 i otherwise
2 Li 2 Li 2
otherwise
T
3 KM1i 3 KM1i i
KM1
K0 augment KM1 i if MR i 0
2 Li 2 Li 2
T
KM1i KM2i KM1i KM2i
K0 augment KM1 i KM2 i otherwise
Li Li
T
K1i Ti Ki Ti
Distributed loads
q1i w1i
i 1 Nw if Dwi = LY Lwi L Iw
i
q2i w2i
w1i
cx Iw otherwise
w2i i
3 7 7 3
V1wi q1i Lwi q2i Lwi V2wi q1i Lwi q2i Lwi
20 20 20 20
1 1 1 1
M1wi q1i Lwi 2 q2i Lwi 2 M2wi q1i Lwi 2 q2i Lwi 2
30 20 20 30
Fq i if ML Iw 0
i
stack V1wi V2wi M1wi M2wi if MR
Iwi 0
3 M2wi 3 M2wi M2wi
stack V1wi V2wi M1wi M2wi M2wi otherwise
2 Lwi 2 Lwi 2
otherwise
3 M1wi 3 M1wi M1wi
stack V1wi V2wi M1wi M1wi M2wi if MR Iwi 0
2 Lwi 2 Lwi 2
12.5 7.5
7.5 12.5
F1q i T Iw Fq i F1q
i
5 0
0 5
Support reactions
Page 14
RY "RY"
RM "RM" 1 "RY"
1 "RM"
Reactions k0 Reactions
for i 1 NS 4 "RY"
2 "RY"
if TSi = Fixed
JSi
R kk1
RY
JSi
R kk1
RM
JR Reactions1
JSi
R kk1 otherwise
RY DR Reactions2
T
R NR rows Reactions 4
Unknown Numbers
j 1 NJ Rigidj 0
Rigid J1i Rigid J1i MLi
i 1 NM
Rigid J2 Rigid J2 MR i
i i
T
Rigid 1 2 0 2 1
j 1 NJ
Zero j 1 if Rigid 0
j
1
1 otherwise
0
JRi JRi 1 0 0 1 0 1
i 1 NR Zero Zero if DR i = RY Zero
0 0 1 0 1 1
JRi 0
Zero otherwise
1 0 0
0 3
IZ k0 IZ 1 0
for i 1 rows Zero 0 4
2
for j 1 cols Zero 5
Ii j k k 1 if Zeroi j 0
Iv IZ1 I IZ2
0 otherwise
T N2 max Iv I 5
I
Unknowns of elements
Iv J1i
Iv 0 2 0 1
i J2i 0 0 1 0
i 1 NM Ie Ie
I J1
i 0 5 3 0
3 4 0 4
I J2
i
Page 15
Equation Numbers
dv Iv d I N1 max dv d 5
Equations of elemnents
dv J1i
dv 0 2 0 1
i J2i 0 0 1 0
i 1 NM de de
d J1 0 5 3 0
i
3 4 0 4
d J2
i
Zero i j 0
I Ie k i continue if I = 0
BI BI Fi
continue if I = 0
for k 1 Nw
for j 1 cols K1k
for i 1 rows F1q k
J Ie k j
I dw k i
continue if J = 0
AI J AI J K1 k continue if I = 0
i j
A
BI BI F1q k i
B
AA 3.375 50
0.375 0.375 0 0.75
1
256.667 0.375 0.375 0 0.75
ZZ AA BB ZZ 10 K14
0 0 0 0
75
155 0.75 0.75 0 1.5
Displacements
j 1 NJ vj ZZ Iv if Ivj 0 j ZZ I if Ij 0
j j
0 otherwise 0 otherwise
Page 16
v J1i
Internal Forces
v
i J2i T
i 1 NM u1e ue i Ti u1e i
J1
i
S i Ki ue i
J2
i
Iwi Iwi
i 1 Nw S S Fq i
Support reactions
Yj 0
j 1 NJ
Mj 0
Y JFi Y JFi Fi
i 1 NF if DFi = GY
M JF M JF 0
i i
Y JFi 0
otherwise
M JF Fi
i
J1wi J1 Iwi
i 1 Nw
J2wi J2 Iw
i
Y J1i Y J1i
Y Y
i 1 NM
S1 i Ti S i J2i J2i S1i
M J1 M J1
i i
M J2 M J2
i i
T
i 1 NR Ri Y JR if DR i = RY R 15 20 90 25
i
M otherwise
JRi
Page 17
Y JRi Y JRi Ri
if DR i = RY
M JR M JR 0
i i
Y JRi 0
otherwise
M JR Ri
i
T 0 0 0 0 0
augment Y M 0 0
0 0 0
Verification
Y 0 4.263 10 14
M 0 3.979 10 13
for i 1 NF
if DFi = GY
Y Y Fi
M M Fi X
JFi
M M Fi otherwise
for i 1 NR
if DR i = RY
Y Y R i
M M R i X JR
i
M M R i otherwise
for i 1 Nw
FY
q1i Lwi q2i Lwi cx
Iw
2 2 i
Page 18
X J1i
Xbeam i
Ybeam i 0
i 1 NM 0
X J2
i
i 1 NM wi 0 ti 0
q2i q1i
i 1 Nw w Iw q1i t Iw
i i Lwi
wi x 2 ti x 3
M i x MLi VLi x
2 3
2
ti x
V i x VLi wi x nn n n0 n1 max nn 64
2
Li
i 1 NM j 0 n1 x0j 1 i min j nni
nni
X01 i X J1 Y01 i 0
i
X0n13 i X J2 Y0n13 i 0
i
X02j i X J1 x0j 1 i cxi Y02j i 0
i
XM11 i X J1 YM11 i 0
i
XM1n13 i X J2 YM1n13 i 0
i
XM12j i X0 2j i YM12j i M i x0j 1 i cxi
XV11 i X J1 YV11 i 0
i
XV1n13 i X J2 YV1n13 i 0
i
XV12j i X0 2j i YV12j i V i x0j 1 i cxi
Page 19
XM2 k1
XV2 k1
YM2 YV2
for i 1 NM for i 1 NM
for j 1 ni 1 for j 1 ni 1
Li Li
x0 j x0 j
ni ni
Solution
Internal Forces
No J1 J2 ML MR VL VR
1 1 2 20.00 40.00 15.00 15.00
2 5 4 0.00 80.00 40.00 40.00
3 2 3 40.00 0.00 10.00 30.00
4 3 4 0.00 80.00 30.00 50.00
Support Reactions
Verification
Page 20
Equilibrium of joints
T 0 0 0 0 0
augment Y M 0 0
0 0 0
Equilibrium of beam
0
0
Ybeam
50
YM1
YM2
0 2 4 6 8 10
50
Diagram of Shears
20
Ybeam 0 2 4 6 8 10
YV1 20
YV2
40
60
Page 21
2. ANALYSIS OF 2D FRAME
2D Frame M ,V N
a) Displacement Functions ( )
1 u1
T
u x ,
u2
T
1 3 2 2 3 v1
v
3 2
2 3
2 , x
v x
L 2
2 3
1 L
L 2 3 2
T
6 6 2 v1
v
dv 1 dv 1 6 6
2
2
x
dx L d L L 1 4 3
2
1
L 2 3 2 2
b) Strain Energy ( )
EA EA
1 u L u1 ,
T
U 1 L
2 u2 EA EA u2
L L
p1L p2 L
1 3
6
T T
1
u F1, x u
W ,
u2 F2, x u2 p1L p2 L
6 3
Page 22
F1,x , F2, x
x 1
2, p1 , p2
x 1
2
v1 6 L v1
T
12 12 6 L
v 12 12 6 L 6 L v
1 EI
U 2 3 2
2 1 L 6 L 6 L 4 L 2
2 L 1
2
2 6 L 6 L 2 L 4 L2 2
2
3 7
20 q1L 20 q2 L
v1 F1, y v1 7
T T
3
v F v q1L q2 L
20 20
W 2 2, y 2
1 M 1 1 1 1 2
q1L q2 L
2
2 M 2 2 30 20
1 1
q1L2 q2 L2
20 30
1
U u K u ,
T
u1 n n 0 0 00
u n n 0 0 0 0
2
v 0 0 c c b b
u 1 , K 0 0 c b b
,
v2 c
1 0 0 b b a1 a2
2 0 0 b b a2 a1
EA 4 EI 2 EI a a2 bb
n , a1 , a2 , b 1 , c .
L L L L L
c) Transformation
Page 23
u1 u1 cos v1 sin u2 u2 cos v2 sin
v1 u11 sin v1 cos v2 u2 sin v2 cos
1 1, 2 2 .
In matrix notation
u1 cx 0 c y 0 0 0 u1
u 0 cx 0 c y 0 0 u2
2
v c 0 cx 0 0 0 v1
u 1 y T u
v2 0 cy 0 cx 0 0 v2
1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
2 0 0 0 0 0 1 2
T T I
T
u T u
T
1
1
1
T u K T u uT T K T u uT K1 u ,
T
U
T T T
2 2 2
W u F u Fq u T F u T Fq u F u Fq ,
T T T T T T
K1 T K T ,
T
d) Equilibrium Conditions
U W u
U W
0
u u u
U 1 T
u K1 u K1 u ,
u u 2
W
u u
u F u Fq F Fq
T T
Page 24
K1 u F Fq
e) Internal Forces
N1
N
2
V
S1 1 K1u.
V2
M1
M 2
T
T
NL
N
R
V
T S1 S VL
T
R
M L
M R
(Stiffness matrix)
Page 25
g) Support Reactions
F R S1 0 R S1 F
Constraints
Release
h) Verification
Page 26
Analysis of 2D Frame by FEM
ORIGIN 1
Node coordinates
0 0
0 6
Joints 8 9 X Joints1 Y Joints2
16 6 NJ rows Joints 5
16
0
NM rows Members 4
Supports
Fixed "Fixed"
"Pinned" 5 Roller_Y
Pinned Supports
Roller_X 1 Fixed
"Roller X"
Roller_Y "Roller Y"
JS Supports1
TS Supports2
NS rows Supports 2
Page 27
Node forces
2 GX 6
GX "GX" GY 20
GY "GY" JointForces
2
3 GY 40
GM "GM" 4
GY 20
1
JF JointForces
DF JointForces 2
F JointForces 3
NF rows JointForces 4
Distributed forces
LX "Local X" 3 PY 8 8
"Local Y" PY 8 8
LY DistributedLoads
4
PX 1 GX
"Projected X" 4 4
PY "Projected Y" 2 2
LY 2
Iw DistributedLoads 1
Dw DistributedLoads 2
w1 DistributedLoads 3
w2 DistributedLoads 4
Nw rows DistributedLoads 4
Solution
Transformation matrix
cxi 0 cyi 0 0 0
0 cxi 0 cyi 0 0
cyi 0 cxi 0 0 0
i 1 NM Ti
0 cyi 0 cxi 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
Stiffness matrixes
i 1 NM
Page 28
EAi EAi
L L
i i
EAi EAi
Li Li
KN1 i KN2 i
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
12 EIi 12 EIi
Li 3 Li 3
12 EIi 12 EIi
KV1 i KV2 i
Li 3 Li 3
6 EIi 6 EIi
L 2 L 2
i i
6 EIi 6 EIi
2 2
Li Li
0 0
0 0
6 EIi 6 EIi
2 2
Li Li
6 EIi 6 EIi
KM1 i KM2 i
2 2
Li Li
4 EIi 2 EIi
L L
i i
2 EIi 4 EIi
Li Li
i 1 NM
Page 29
Ki
T
K0 augment KV1 i KV2 i KM1 i KM2 i
if MLi 0
K0 K0 if MR i 0
T
3 KM2i 3 KM2i KM2i
K0 K0 augment KM2 i otherwise
2 Li 2 Li 2
otherwise
T
3 KM1i 3 KM1i i
KM1
K0 K0 augment KM1 i if MR i 0
2 Li 2 Li 2
T
KM1i KM2i KM1i KM2i
K0 K0 augment KM1 i KM2 i otherwise
Li Li
T
T
augment KN1 i KN2 i K0
T
K1i Ti Ki Ti
Distributed loads
Page 30
Fq0 i if ML Iw 0
i
stack V1wi V2wi M1wi M2wi if MR Iw 0
i
3 M2wi 3 M2wi M2wi
stack V1wi V2wi M1wi M2wi M2wi otherwise
2 Lwi 2 Lwi 2
otherwise
3 M1wi 3 M1wi M1wi
stack V1wi V2wi M1wi M1wi M2wi if MR Iwi 0
2 Lwi 2 Lwi 2
N1wi i
Fq i stack Fq0 F1q i T Iw Fq i
N2wi i
Support reactions
RX "RX"
RY "RY"
RM "RM" 5 "RY"
1 "RX"
Reactions k0 Reactions
for i 1 NS 1 "RY"
1 "RM"
if TSi = Fixed
JSi
R kk1
RX
JSi
R kk1
RY
JR Reactions 1
JSi
R kk1
RM DR Reactions 2
if TSi = Pinned
NR rows Reactions 4
JSi
R kk1
RX
JSi
R kk1
RY
JSi
R kk1 if TSi = Roller_X
RX
JSi
R kk1 if TSi = Roller_Y
RY
T
R
Unknown Numbers
Page 31
j 1 NJ Rigidj 0
Rigid J1i Rigid J1i MLi
Rigid J2 MR i
i 1 NM
Rigid J2
i i
T
Rigid 1 2 0 2 1
T
j 1 NJ Zero j 1 1 1 if Rigidj 0
T
1 1 0 otherwise
JRi JRi 0 1 1 1 1
Zero 0 1 1 1 0
T
i 1 NR Zero Zero 1 0 0 if DR i = RX
JRi T 0 1 0 1 1
Zero 0 1 0 if DR i = RY
JRi T 0 0 0
Zero 0 0 1 otherwise
1 5 8
IZ k0 IZ 2 6 0
for i 1 rows Zero 3 7 9
4
for j 1 cols Zero 0 10
Ii j k k 1 if Zeroi j 0
Iu IZ1 Iv IZ2 I IZ3
0 otherwise
T
I N2 max Iu Iv I 10
Unknowns of elements
Iu J1i
Iu 0 4 1 2
J2i 1 3 2 3
Iv
J1i
Ie
i 0 0 5 6
i 1 NM Ie
Iv J2 5 7 6 7
i 0 10 8 0
I J1
i
8 9 0 9
I J2i
Equation Numbers
du Iu
dv Iv N1 max du dv d 10
d I
Equations of elements
Page 32
du J1i
du 0 4 1 2
J2i 1 3 2 3
dv
J1i
de
i 0 0 5 6
i 1 NM de
dv J2 5 7 6 7
i 0 10 8 0
d J1
i
8 9 0 9
d J2i
Equations of nodal forces 1
5
i 1 NF dFi du if DFi = GX dF
JFi
6
dv JF if DFi = GY
i 7
d JF otherwise
i
1 2 0 4
Equations of distributed loads 2 3 1 3
Iwi
dw
5 6 0 0
i 1 Nw dw i de
6 7 5 7
8 0 0 10
System of Equations 0 9 8 9
Zero i j 0
I Ie k i continue if I = 0
BI BI Fi
continue if I = 0
for k 1 Nw
for j 1 cols K1k
for i 1 rows F1q k
J Ie k j
I dw k i
continue if J = 0
AI J AI J K1 k continue if I = 0
i j
A
BI BI F1q k i
B
AA 48.304
ZZ AA 1 BB
Displacements
j 1 NJ
uj ZZ if Iuj 0 vj ZZ if Ivj 0 j ZZ if Ij 0
Iuj Ivj I j
0 otherwise 0 otherwise 0 otherwise
Page 33
Internal Forces u J1i
u
J2i
v
i J1i T
i 1 NM u1e ue i Ti u1e i
v J2
i
S i Ki ue i
J1
i
J2i
Iwi Iwi
i 1 Nw S S Fq i
NLi
N1i NR N1i
i
N2i N2i
VL
V1i V1i
i 1 NM
i i
S
VR
V2 i
V2i
i
M1i M1i
ML
i
M2i M2i
MR
i
No_Mi i Header_M "No" "J1" "J2" "ML" "MR" "VL" "VR" "NL" "NR"
Table_M stack Header_M augment No_M J1 J2 ML MR VL VR NL NR
Support reactions
Xj 0
j 1 NJ 0
Yj
Mj 0
X JFi X JFi
Fi
Y JF Y JF 0 if DFi = GX
i i
i 1 NF
M JF M JF 0
i i
X JFi
0
Y JF Fi if DFi = GY
i
M JF 0
i
X JFi
0
Y JF 0 otherwise
i
M JF Fi
i
Page 34
X J1i X J1i
X X
J2i J2i
Y Y
i 1 NM
S1 i Ti S i J1i J1i S1i
Y J2 Y J2
i i
M J1 M J1
i i
M J2i M J2i
i 1 NR Ri X if DR i = RX
JRi
Y JR if DR i = RY
i
M JR otherwise
i
X JRi X JRi
Ri
Y JR Y JR 0 if DR i = RX
i i
M JR M JR 0
i i
X JRi
0
Y JR Ri if DR i = RY
i
M JR 0
i
X JRi
0
Y JR 0 otherwise
i
M JR Ri
i
0 0 0 0 0
augment X Y M 0 0
T
0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
i 1 NR No_R i i Header_R "No" "At Joint" "Direction" "Reaction"
Table_R stack Header_R augment No_R JR DR R
Verification
Page 35
X 0 7.684 10 10
Y 0 1.421 10 12
M 0
3.627 10 9
for i 1 NF
if DFi = GX
X X Fi
M M Fi Y JF
i
if DFi = GY
Y Y Fi
M M Fi X
JFi
M M Fi otherwise
for i 1 NR
if DR i = RX
X X R i
M M R i Y JR
i
if DR i = RY
Y Y R i
M M R i X JR
i
M M R i otherwise
for i 1 Nw
p1i Lwi p2i Lwi
FX0
2 2
q1i Lwi q2i Lwi
FY0
2 2
FX FX0 cx Iw FY0 cy Iw
i i
FY FX0 cy Iw FY0 cx Iw
i i
q1i Lwi Lwi q2i Lwi 2 Lwi
FM
2 3 2 3
X X FX
Y Y FY
M M FM FY X J1 FX Y J1
Iw Iw
i i
X
Y
M
Page 36
Li T
i 1 NM ni round nmin 0 n 8 8 11 11
min L
J1i
X Y
i 1 NM
Xelement i Yelementi J1i
X J2 Y J2
i i
i 1 NM wi 0 ti 0
pi 0 ki 0
q2i q1i
i 1 Nw w Iw q1i t Iw
i i Lwi
p2i p1i
p Iw p1i k Iw
i i Lwi
wi x 2 ti x 3
M i x ML VL x
i i 2 3
2
ti x
V i x VL wi x
i 2
ki x 2
N i x NL pi x
i 2
nn n n0 n1 max nn 44
Li
i 1 NM j 0 n1 x0j 1 i min j nni
nni
X01 i X J1 Y01 i Y J1
i i
X0n13 i X J2 Y0n13 i Y J2
i i
X02j i X J1 x0j 1 i cxi Y02j i Y J1 x0j 1 i cyi
i i
XM11 i X J1 YM11 i Y J1
i i
XM1n13 i X J2 YM1n13 i Y J2
i i
XM12j i X0 2j i M i x0j 1 i M_scale cyi
XV11 i X J1 YV11 i Y J1
i i
XV1n13 i X J2 YV1n13 i Y J2
i i
XV12j i X0 2j i V i x0j 1 i F_scale cyi
XN11 i X J1 YN11 i Y J1
i i
XN1n13 i X J2 YN1n13 i Y J2
i i
Page 37
XN12j i X0 2j i N i x0j 1 i F_scale cyi
XM2
k1
YM2
for i 1 NM
for j 1 ni 1
Li
x0 j
ni
X
X0 J1i x0 cxi
Y0 Y J1 cyi
i
X1 X0 M_scale M i x0 cyi
Y1 Y0 cxi
X0
X2 k
X1
Y0
Y2 k
Y1
kk1
X2
Y2
XV2
k1
YV2
for i 1 NM
for j 1 ni 1
Li
x0 j
ni
X
X0 J1i x0 cxi
Y0 Y J1 cyi
i
X1 X0 F_scale V i x0 cyi
Y1 Y0 cxi
X0
X2 k
X1
Y0
Y2 k
Y1
kk1
X2
Y2
Page 38
XN2 k1
YN2
for i 1 NM
for j 1 ni 1
Li
x0 j
ni
X
X0 J1i x0 cxi
Y0 Y J1 cyi
i
X1 X0 F_scale N i x0 cyi
Y1 Y0 cxi
X0
X2 k
X1
Y0
Y2 k
Y1
kk1
X2
Y2
Solution
Internal Forces
No J1 J2 ML MR VL VR NL NR
1 1 2 1120.00 940.00 42.00 18.00 165.00 165.00
2 5 4 0.00 36.00 0.00 12.00 43.00 43.00
3 2 3 940.00 0.00 139.98 80.06 39.68 17.21
4 3 4 0.00 36.00 34.18 25.75 25.63 3.16
Support Reactions
Verification
Page 39
Equilibrium of joints
augment Y M
T 0 0 0 0 0
0 0
0 0 0
Equilibrium of beam
0
0
0
Diagram of Shears
Page 40
Diagram of Normal Forces
Page 41
Finite Element Methods II
1.
?
?
2. Stiffness method Finite element method (FEM) in
displacements?
3. FEM ?
FEM ?
4. FEM
5. FEM
?
6. Bar structures Finite elements?
Plates Shells
Finite elements
?
7. FEM Bar tension/compression
8. FEM Plane truss
9. FEM Space truss
10. FEM Bending beam
11. FEM Plane frame
Page 42