Design Fabrication and Installation of An Open Loop Geothermal Cooling System For A Residential House Application

Design, Fabrication and Installation of an Open-
Loop Geothermal Cooling System for a

Residential House Application
A Thesis Proposal
presented to the
School of Mechanical Engineering
Mapua Institute of Technology
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering
By:
Alcarde, Alfred S.
Manansala, John Luigi T.
Rendaje, Reycian G.
Villarosa, Alan Daniel B.
July 13, 2012

Acknowledgment
This study would not have been possible without the guidance and help of
several individuals who, in one way or another, contributed and extended their valuable
assistance in the preparation and completion of this study.
We would like to express our most sincere gratitude to Engr. Hans Bosshard, for
having him as our adviser whose patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense
knowledge have helped us all throughout our research and writing process. We
could not have imagined having a better mentor other than him.
We are deeply indebted to Engr. Luis Angelo Sevilla for sponsoring our
thesis, for lending his time and patience to us, without him our study will not be a success.
We would like to thank the rest of our panel members: Dr. Manuel Belino, the
Dean of The School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Engr. Jonathan
Anastasio, and Engr. Jaime Honra, for their encouragement, insightful comments, and
questions.
We would also like to thank our parents for their unwavering support
throughout the completion of the whole course.
Above all, to our Almighty God for the countless blessings He has bestowed
upon us. For this achievement, we give back all the glory and praises to the omnipotent
Father Almighty.
Abstract
This undergraduate thesis focuses on the evaluation of the open-loop geothermal
cooling for a residential house application. It involves the design, fabrication and
installation of the open-loop geothermal cooling system for an eight by ten ft.
conditioned room. The system was composed of three subsystems for an open loop
geothermal cooling system which were the centrifugal air blower system, piping system and
damper system.
The operation of the designed geothermal cooling system utilizes the cold
temperature of the soil which can serve as a heat sink. It promotes conduction and
convection heat transfer process between the air from the conditioned room and the heat
exchanger burrowed to the soil at a depth of 10 feet. With this, the study could provide
possible alternative for an air-conditioning system.
The results gathered proved that the geothermal cooling system can provide a
comfort cooling and that the soil of the Philippines is applicable for the geothermal
cooling system. It lessened the room temperature with an approximate value of 2C
after two hours of continuous operation and with an average air-flow discharge velocity of
5m/s.
Based on the computation which compared the window type air conditioning
unit versus the installed geothermal cooling system (based from power consumption)
electricity consumption for one month, it showed that it is more economical to use a
geothermal cooling system having a computed cost of P571.809.00 than an air-
conditioning system having a computed cost of P964.768.00.

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview
Geothermal cooling systems work by utilizing the principle of transferring the heat from
the room to an underground heat sink. The medium utilized for heat transfer is a refrigerant,
which is usually air or a liquid (water or a solution). The selection of the medium for the
underground heat exchanger varies with both the application and the required capacity. In this
study, the medium considered was air based from the systems design and availability.
The system for the study was composed of three subsystems for an open loop geothermal
cooling system which were the centrifugal air blower system, piping system and damper system.
The centrifugal air blower was used to induce air flow for the system through suction and
discharge between the room and the piping system. The piping system served as the heat
exchanger where conduction and convection heat transfer occurred. The damper system was
installed to regulate the humidity and the temperature of the room. The design of these three
subsystems varied with both the application and the capacity of the system.
The geothermal cooling system served as an alternative means for providing the benefits
brought by a conventional air-conditioning system to control a room temperature regardless of
the ambient temperature and humidity in the Philippines. Also, the application of geothermal
cooling system can provide the benefits of a conventional air conditioning system but with a
lesser electrical cost.

The study provided the necessary data to prove the possibility of finding other means of
cooling processes for the room to be economical, environmental and practical that can be shown
from a small scale design. The dependence of the air conditioning unit to refrigerants, such as
R12, will be minimized while the utilization of the Philippines soil temperature will be the
groups priority to be considered (United States Environmental Protection Agency 2010).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
In consideration to the climate of the Philippines, the group focused on the necessity to
find much sustainable and environmental ways to provide comfort cooling, as compared to
traditional air-conditioning systems. The study considered an open loop geothermal cooling
system to provide a comfort cooling in the conditioned room instead of an air-conditioning
system.
The open loop geothermal cooling system was studied to provide convenience and
alternatives for an air conditioning unit to help lessen the electricity consumption. The selection
of subsystems such as damper and centrifugal air blower for the geothermal cooling system was
evaluated based from the theoretical computation to maximize the efficiency of the operation of
the system and minimize its electricity consumption.
The operation of the subsystems damper and centrifugal air blower was needed to
function simultaneously, to lessen the excessive use of electricity and refrain the system from
being overused. Over usage occurs when the centrifugal air blower continuously discharges cool
air to the room while the damper introduces fresh air. Thus, the cooling comfort is not achieved.
Selection and installation of thermostat control system was also needed in order for the system to
function effectively.
The computation for the design of the geothermal cooling system was based from
existing studies available only from foreign countries. Most of the standard values used for the
computation for the designed system, such as length of the piping system for heat exchanger and
selection of centrifugal air blower, were approximate values and empirical formulas based from
other countries due to the absence of the necessary data in the Philippines.
The system was developed to investigate the feasibility and practicability of the system
for local residential use. The materials needed for the study were easily available and could
provide an inexpensive means for achieving the small scale geothermal cooling system.
The effectiveness of using subterranean soil as a heat sink in the Philippines has not yet
been proven widely by many institutions. This study relied mostly on empirical formulas and
data from the studies of other countries in evaluating the properties of the Philippine soil.
However, small groups from the Philippines had studied the geothermal cooling system and it
resulted to an effective comfort cooling. These results proved the possibility of installing a
geothermal cooling system in the Philippines.
The design of the geothermal cooling system was made to promote comfort cooling in a
conditioned room by satisfying the standards of a room temperature based on the Philippine
Mechanical Code that is between 23 C and 27 C or in accordance with local regulations.

1.3 Objectives of the Study
The group achieved the following objectives:
1.3.1 General Objective
The group aimed to design, fabricate, install and test an open loop geothermal
cooling system with an automatic temperature control using a thermostat and a damper in
a controlled room for residential house application.
1.3.2 Specific Objectives
The group aimed the following objectives:
1.3.2.1 Select a site that is suitable for geothermal cooling
1.3.2.2 Measure and evaluate room and ambient temperature
1.3.2.3 Design, fabricate and install an open loop earth-coupled heat exchanger/
piping system
1.3.2.4 Select and install a centrifugal air blower
1.3.2.5 Install thermostat control system in centrifugal air blower
1.3.2.6 Fabricate and install a damper with an actuator controlled by a thermostat
for automatic cut off/cut on
1.3.2.7 Compare the outdoor temperature (ambient), room temperature and soil
temperature
1.3.2.8 Evaluate the performance of the system
1.3.2.9 Identify the economic benefits of the study

1.4 Significance of the Study
The geothermal cooling system provides a more environment friendly air conditioning
alternative because of the absence of hazardous refrigerants. Instead of using a refrigerant, the
system used air from the room and brought it to the geothermal heat exchanger with the use of a
blower. Upon passing the heat exchanger, the air was cooled and returned to the conditioned
room.
The use of thermostat control system for automatic temperature control installed at the
damper system provided convenient comfort inside the conditioned room. The function of the
thermostat control system at the damper was to maintain the computed effective temperature
needed for comfort cooling. When the geothermal cooling system reached the set temperature
(computed effective temperature), the controller of the air blower will send a cut-off signal that
will turn off the air blower. The conditioned room is then supplemented by a damper with
ambient air. The damper operates by introducing fresh air (10% of total volumetric flow in the
heat exchanger) and change the humidity of the room until it reaches the effective comfort
cooling of 60% relative humidity. The application of these two thermostat controllers assists in
the minimization of the electricity consumption of the geothermal cooling system by limiting the
time of operation automatically.
The installation of the geothermal cooling system provides Filipinos more access to air
conditioning system with low electric costs. With a properly designed geothermal cooling
system, the long term benefit it can offer in the electric bill will be noticed through a less air-
conditioning unit operational cost which is approximately 25% only.

The study served as a starting point that may invite other innovations for future
references and recommendations.
1.5 Scope and Limitations
The thesis topic concentrated on the design, fabrication and installation of a small scale
geothermal cooling system that was applied to a constructed room in Limay, Bataan with the
dimensions of 8ft. by 10ft. The system was composed of three systems: piping system, air blower
and damper system with a thermostat device which served as the control system for delivering
the cooled air to the room. Its function was not evaluated continuously for one whole day rather
it was done at predetermined intervals for every two hours. The evaluation of operation of
geothermal cooling system must not be compared to the operation of an air-conditioning unit.
The use of existing geothermal studies was the basis of this study to avoid in-depth
analysis of the soil property for standard values used in the computations. The maximum depth
of the heat exchanger is 10 ft. as limited by the design and the innate difficulty for excavation of
the site. Soil and temperature gradient analysis was not included in the study.
The installation was done in the month of June only. The data used for performance
testing of the system was limited to those gathered during the same period. The design
computations and the operation of the developed system were limited to the available data on the
characteristics of air during the said period. Moreover, the data gathered by the group focused
more on the conditioned room temperature and not on relative humidity.
The group purchased materials based on the design computation such as the air blower,
black iron pipes and damper. The damper was modified to install the electronic control system
with the thermostat. The damper system was attached to the room beside the suction pipe of the
centrifugal air blower so that the introduced fresh air may go directly to the designed heat
exchangers underground. The reason for installing the thermostat controller in both the single
phase motor of the air blower and the actuator of the damper was to maintain the desired
temperature inside the room, lessen the electricity consumption of the system by not having
excessive operation and for the damper and the geothermal cooling system to function efficiently
in uniform. In-depth details about the thermostat control system are not part of the discussion of
the study.
To prove the economic benefits of the small scale geothermal cooling system, only the
electric bill for one month based on the theoretical MERALCO computations.
Options for site selection were minimal because of the expensive labor and works needed
in an installation of a geothermal cooling system. It required a large area of empty lot, which will
be dug to a depth of 10 feet. Also, it was necessary to have the consent of the landlord since there
will be risks and precautions

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter provides a review of various studies and literature related to geothermal
cooling.
2.1 Review of Related Studies
This section will highlight different kinds of related studies on geothermal cooling.
2.1.1 Investigating the Potential Benefits and Risks for Low to Zero Energy Air-
Sourced Earth Coupled Cooling and Heating Systems. (Butler, Littlewood and
Tucker 2011)
The paper determines the compliance requirements in relation to energy
consumption and greenhouse gas emissions for buildings. It also discussed the
technology of the ASECch systems that provide potential benefits in designing an energy
saving building that operates in both cooling and heating depending on its purpose.
Criteria were also proposed in this paper for the calculation of the performance for a
given climate location.
One objective of this paper is to maintain healthy indoor air quality which
maintains relative concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) below the standard levels. A

study from Health Canada suggests that CO2 concentrations above 1800 are indicative
that inadequate or no fresh air is introduced in the room though complaints have been

recorded at concentrations as low as 1100 .
Through this study, the group prioritized supplying fresh air into the system to
ensure that CO2 concentration was not above the standards. The effect of supplying fresh
air in the system is very important to lessen the possibility of having a sick building
syndrome and to lessen the possibility of causing loss of productivity and possible
illnesses inside the built environment.
2.1.2 Study on Using the Ground as a Heat Sink for a 12,000-Btu/h Modified Air
Conditioner (Tanatvanit 2009)
The paper presents an experiment of a modified air conditioner with a capacity of
12,000-Btu/h that used the ground as a heat sink for the condenser. The objective of the
study was to reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning, particularly in household
and building, using sink reservoir. Generally, there were two large sources of sink
reservoirs that can be applied, namely water (i.e. sea and lake) and ground (Odey 1993).
Regarding the ground, two methods were proposed: earth/air tunnel and ground source
heat pump (Givoni, and Katz, 1985).
The experiment was performed in a room with a nearby soil. A modified air
conditioner was used by extending the copper coils 1 meter below the ground acting as a
heat sink varied in four values of lengths: 67, 50, 40, and 30 m in length. The test runs
were done during day time from 8am to 5pm for a week per different values of
condensing coil lengths. The electrical consumption of Modified Air Conditioner
(compressor and evaporating fan) was also measured during test runs to maintain similar
conditions. The values that yielded are presented in Table 2-1.

Table 2-1 Result data for the values of COP for different condensing coil lengths of
modified air conditioner compared to that of condenser air conditioner.
Flow rate of R-134a (kg/s) COP

M-AC (67 m) 0.035 6.9
M-AC (50 m) 0.028 5.5
M-AC (40 m) 0.0201 3.3
M-AC (30 m) 0.014 2.1
C-AC (22 m) 0.0145 2.5
The COP values of M-AC were higher than that of C-AC except for the case of 30-
m coil length. Through this experiment, the group will surely have an idea that if the
length of coils is longer, the higher the value of COP.
2.1.3 Development of an Earth-Coupled Air-conditioning System for Residential
Application (Abracia, Dizon et al. 2009)
The paper mentioned above was the researchers primary source of information
about geothermal cooling system. The study was very relevant since it was done in the
Philippines. The study aimed to design and develop an air-conditioning system using the
underground temperature to cool down the temperature of the ventilation air or using the
soil as heat sink. The study also aimed to provide a suitable environment for a process
being carried out regardless of heat inside the house and external weather conditions.
The group used polyvinyl chloride pipe as the material for the ground loop. The
ground loop was on a depth of 6 ft. and used 36 square feet of area. The length of the
ground loop amounted to 107 ft. The cooling system had an option of getting air from the
ambient air by using a return duct.
The study was able to reach a temperature difference between the supply and
ambient temperature of 3 C to 8 C. It maintained a room temperature of 24 C to 26 C.
The average relative humidity of the ambient air and the supply air was recorded 70% and
75% respectively.
2.1.4 Air Conditioning Earth Coupled Water Source Heat Pumps - Closed and
Open Loop Systems (Williams Jr. and Sveter 2010)
The paper focuses on the thermodynamic and heat transfer principles as applied to
earth-coupled. There are two types of loops being discussed in this paper namely: open
loop and closed loop system. In open loop system, water under the ground is being
withdrawn by an aquifer and used for cooling or heating purposes then discharged into an
injection back in the aquifer. In closed system, water inside the pipe is circulated in a
continuous closed pipe loop from the soil through the heat exchanger and then back into
the soil to be cooled or heated.
2.2 Related Literature
This section will focus on the different related literature on geothermal cooling.
2.2.1 Weather Conditions
There are only two seasons in the Philippines, wet and dry. The northern
part of the Philippines is cooler in the months of November to February and the
hottest in the months of April and May. In big cities like Metro Manila, concrete and
asphalts retain the heat in said cities (Purdie 2008).
2.2.2 Soil Temperature
Soil temperature plays an important role in many processes, which take
place in the soil such as chemical reactions and biological interactions. Soil
temperature varies in response to exchange processes that take place primarily
through the soil surface. These effects are propagated into the soil profile by
transport processes and are influenced by such things as the specific heat capacity,
thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity (Amoozegar 1989). Soil temperature
varies from month to month as a function of incident solar radiation, rainfall,
seasonal swings in overlying air temperature, local vegetation cover, type of soil,
and depth in the earth (McNeill 1992).
2.2.3 Soil Thermal Properties
These soil thermal properties depend strongly on soil porosity and moisture
content. Therefore, any preliminary assessment of a potential geothermal heat pump
project will require knowing the soil texture and the average groundwater level at the
project site (McNeill 1992).
2.2.4 Air Properties
Because the weight of air varies with pressure and temperature, it has to be
defined accurately. The following figures may be used. The weight of dry air (no
moisture content) at 0oC and under a normal atmospheric pressure of 1013

mbar is 1.293 kg/m3. The weight of dry air (no moisture content) at 0oC and at a
pressure of 1000 mbar (1 Bar) is 1.275 kg/m3 (Frazer 1999). Table 2-2 shows the
changes of air properties with regard to its temperature.
Table 2-2 Common properties for air

Specific heat Thermal Kinematic Expansion
Temperature Density Prandtl's
capacity conductivity viscosity coefficient
-t- - - number
- cp - -l- - - -b-
(oC) (kg/m3) - Pr -
(kJ/kg.K) (W/m.K) x 10-6 (m2/s) x 10-3 (1/K)
-150 2.793 1.026 0.0116 3.08 8.21 0.76
-100 1.980 1.009 0.0160 5.95 5.82 0.74
-50 1.534 1.005 0.0204 9.55 4.51 0.725
0 1.293 1.005 0.0243 13.30 3.67 0.715
20 1.205 1.005 0.0257 15.11 3.43 0.713
40 1.127 1.005 0.0271 16.97 3.20 0.711
60 1.067 1.009 0.0285 18.90 3.00 0.709
80 1.000 1.009 0.0299 20.94 2.83 0.708
100 0.946 1.009 0.0314 23.06 2.68 0.703
120 0.898 1.013 0.0328 25.23 2.55 0.70
140 0.854 1.013 0.0343 27.55 2.43 0.695
160 0.815 1.017 0.0358 29.85 2.32 0.69

Specific heat Thermal Kinematic Expansion
Temperature Density Prandtl's
capacity conductivity viscosity coefficient
-t- - - number
o 3
- cp - -l- - - -b-
( C) (kg/m ) - Pr -
(kJ/kg.K) (W/m.K) x 10-6 (m2/s) x 10-3 (1/K)
180 0.779 1.022 0.0372 32.29 2.21 0.69
200 0.746 1.026 0.0386 34.63 2.11 0.685
250 0.675 1.034 0.0421 41.17 1.91 0.68
300 0.616 1.047 0.0454 47.85 1.75 0.68
350 0.566 1.055 0.0485 55.05 1.61 0.68
400 0.524 1.068 0.0515 62.53 1.49 0.68
2.2.5 Principles of Heat Exchangers
Heat exchangers work because heat naturally flows from higher
temperature to lower temperatures. Therefore, if a hot fluid and a cold fluid are
separated by a heat conducting surface, heat can be transferred from the hot fluid
to the cold fluid (Cripps 2006). Figure 2-1 shows the simplified heat exchanger.
Figure 2-1 Simplified Heat Exchanger
(Source: http://www.vesma.com)
2.2.5.1 The rate of heat flow at any point depends on the following:
2.2.5.1.1 Heat transfer coefficient (U), itself a function of the properties of the
fluids involved, fluid velocity, materials of construction, geometry and
cleanliness of the exchanger
2.2.5.1.2 Temperature difference between hot and cold streams
2.2.5.2 Total heat transferred (Q) depends on the factors mentioned below:
2.2.5.2.1 Heat transfer surface area (A)
2.2.5.2.2 Heat transfer coefficient
2.2.5.2.3 Average temperature difference between the streams, strictly the log
mean temperature (DTLM)
Thus, total heat transferred Q = UADTLM. However, the larger the area, the
greater the cost of the exchanger (Cripps 2006).

2.2.6 Heat Transfer
The transfer of heat is normally from a high temperature object to a lower
temperature object. Heat transfer changes the internal energy of both systems
involved according to the First Law of Thermodynamics (Nave 1998).
2.2.6.1 Heat Conduction
Heat conduction is the flow of internal energy from a region of higher
temperature to one of lower temperature by the interaction of the adjacent
particles (atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, etc.) in the intervening space (Elert
1998). The nature of the transfer of energy from the pipes and the soil is
through conduction due to the direct contact of solid particles.
2.2.6.2 Heat Convection
Convection is the flow of heat through a bulk, macroscopic movement of
matter from a hot region to a cool region, as opposed to the microscopic transfer
of heat between atoms involved with conduction (Drakos 1998). As this air
heats, the molecules spread out, causing this region to become less dense than
that of the surrounding. Being less dense than the surrounding cooler air, the hot
air will subsequently rise due to buoyant forces - this movement of hot air into a
cooler region is then said to transfer heat by convection. Convection will take
place inside the pipe where the air flow transfers heat to the pipe. The transfer
of the heat is called convection because the moving hot air transfers the heat to
the walls of the pipe.

2.2.6.3 Temperature and Humidity
Warm air can hold much more mass of water vapor than cold air.
Hypothetically, at 80F, it holds 10 grams of water vapor at 60% humidity.
However, if the temperature is changed by 40F, then the warm air can hold 11
grams of water vapor. Thus, the 10 grams at new temperature holds 95%
humidity. This is why the relationship is proportional. The dew point
temperatures are typically closer to the current temperature in cold air, making
the relative humidity, or the percent of water vapor in the air from what the
water can hold, much higher. If the same temperature is considered and raised
while keeping the same amount of water vapor, the maximum amount of water
that can be held is much higher, making the relative humidity much lower
(Ahrens 2007).
Relative humidity has a particular value for a particular temperature. The
value may be less for a higher temperature and high for a lower temperature as
it denotes the ratio of the amount of water vapor actually present to the amount
of water vapor required to saturate the air.
2.2.6.4 Air Flow Rate
The volume of fluid is displaced by a pump or compressor into a hydraulic
or pneumatic system (Jergens 2012). Flow rate may be determined by
measuring the velocity of fluid over a known area. Air flow rate is important
because through this flow rate, other parameters can be solved.

2.2.7 Geothermal Energy
Geothermal heating and cooling systems, also known as GeoExchange
systems, tap into the constant, moderate temperatures found a few feet below the
surface of the earth, to offer the finest in home comfort conditioning. The shallow
ground or upper 10 feet of the Earth's surface maintains a nearly constant
temperature between 50 and 60F (10 and 16C) (Montgomery 2012).
Types of Geothermal System
Geothermal systems use the earth as a heat source or heat sink. A series of
pipes, commonly called a "loop," carry a fluid used to connect the geothermal
system's heat pump to the earth. The different types of geothermal systems are
shown in the following subsections below:
2.2.7.1 Open Loops
Open loop systems were used successfully for decades.
Groundwater is drawn from an aquifer through a well. The water is then
passed through the heat pumps heat exchanger, and is discharged to the
same aquifer through a second well at a distance from the first. Generally,
two to three gallons per minute per ton of capacity is necessary for
effective heat exchange. Since the temperature of ground water is nearly
constant throughout the year, open loops are a popular option in areas
where they are permitted.

Some local ground water chemical conditions can lead to fouling
the heat pump's heat exchanger. Such situations may require precautions
to keep carbon dioxide and other gases in the water solution. Other options
include the use of cupronickel heat exchangers and heat exchangers that
can be cleaned without introducing chemicals into the groundwater.
Increasing environmental concerns means that local officials must
be consulted to assure compliance with regulations concerning water use
and acceptable water discharge methods. For example, discharge to a
sanitary sewer system is rarely acceptable. Figure 2-2 shows a diagram of
an open loop system.
Figure 2-2 Open Loop System
(Source: http://www.energysavers.gov)
2.2.7.1.2 Closed Loops
Closed loop systems are the most commonly used loop orientation
in geothermal heat pump. When properly installed, such systems are
economical, efficient, and reliable. Water (or a water and antifreeze
solution) is circulated through a continuous buried pipe keeping. The
closed loop system is environmentally friendly because water in the loop
prevents contamination to the external environment.
The length of loop piping varies depending on ground
temperature, thermal conductivity of the ground, soil moisture, and system
design. (Some heat pumps work well with larger inlet temperature
variations, which allow marginally smaller loops).
2.2.7.1.3 Closed Horizontal Loops
Horizontal closed loop installations are generally most cost-
effective for small installations, particularly for new construction where
sufficient land area is available. These installations involve burying pipe
in trenches dug with back-hoes or chain trenchers. Up to six pipes, usually
in parallel connections, are buried in each trench, with minimum
separations of a foot between pipes and ten to fifteen feet between
trenches. Figure 2-3 shows a diagram of a closed loop system.

Figure 2-3 Closed Horizontal Loops
2.2.7.1.4 Closed Vertical Loops
Vertical closed loops are preferred in many situations. For
example, most large commercial buildings and schools use vertical loops
because the land area required for horizontal loops would be prohibitive.
Vertical loops are also used where the soil is too shallow for trenching.
Vertical loops also minimize the disturbance to existing landscaping.
For vertical closed loop system, a U-tube (more rarely, two U-
tubes) is installed in a well drilled 100 to 400 feet deep. Because
conditions in the ground may vary greatly, loop lengths can range from
130 to 300 feet per ton of heat exchange. Multiple drill holes are required
for most installations, where the pipes are generally joined in parallel or
series-parallel configurations.
A vertical loop well field, being used for the Finger Lakes
Institute, consists of 20 wells, drilled to a depth of 100 feet. There are 5
(clusters) of 4 wells spaced approximately 12 feet on center, The depth
and number of wells was determined by the estimated heat and cooling
load required to maintain a comfortable environment for the occupants.
Figure 2-2 shows a diagram of a closed vertical loop system.
Figure 2-4 Closed Vertical Loops
2.2.7.1.5 Pond Loops
Pond closed loops are a special kind of closed loop system. Where
there is a pond or stream that is deep enough and with enough flow, closed
loop coils can be placed at the bottom of the pond. Fluid is pumped just as
for a conventional closed loop ground system where conditions are

suitable, the economics are very attractive, and no aquatic system impacts
have been shown. Figure 2-5 shows a diagram of a closed loop system at a
pond or lake.
Figure 2-5 Closed Pond Loops
2.2.7.1.6 Hybrid Systems
Hybrid systems using several different geothermal resources, or a
combination of a geothermal resource with outdoor air (i.e., a cooling
tower), are another technology option. Hybrid approaches are particularly
effective where cooling needs are significantly larger than heating needs.
Where local geology permits, the "standing column well" is another
option. In this variation of an open-loop system, one or more deep vertical
wells are drilled. Water is drawn from the bottom of a standing column
and returned to the top. During periods of peak heating and cooling, the
system can bleed a portion of the return water rather than re-injecting it
all, causing water inflow to the column from the surrounding aquifer. The
bleed cycle cools the column during heat rejection, heats it during heat
extraction, and reduces the required bore depth.
2.2.8 Geothermal Cooling and Heating Application
The application of geothermal heating/cooling, also known as ground
source heat pumps, has been named "the most energy-efficient and
environmentally sensitive of all space conditioning systems", by the
Environmental Protection Agency. The system's basic concept takes advantage of
the earth's constant temperature, approximately 55F, to heat and cool a building.
By tapping this steady flow of heat from the earth in the winter, and displacing
heat in the earth in the summer, a geothermal heat pump can save homeowners 40
to 70 percent in heating costs and 30 to 50 percent in cooling costs compared to
conventional systems (Fitch 2009).
A passive house is a building in which a comfortable interior climate can
be maintained without active heating and cooling systems (Adamson 1987 and
Feist 1988). The house heats and cools itself, hence "passive".
For European passive construction, prerequisite to this capability is an
annual heating requirement that is less than 15 kWh/(ma) (4755 Btu/ft/yr), not to
be attained at the cost of an increase in use of energy for other purposes (e.g.,
electricity). Furthermore, the combined primary energy consumption of living

area of a European passive house may not exceed 120 kWh/(ma) (38039
Btu/ft/yr) for heat, hot water and household electricity. A passive house is cost-
effective when the combined capitalized costs (construction, including design and
installed equipment, plus operating costs for 30 years) do not exceed those of an
average new home (Feist 2012).

CHAPTER 3
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS
This chapter discusses concepts necessary for the design, fabrication and installation of a
small scale Geothermal Cooling System at Limay, Bataan.
3.1 Design of a Small Scale Geothermal Cooling System
The design of the geothermal cooling system was meant to control and modify the given
room temperature as affected by the ambient temperature and other possible sources of
temperature that could affect the controlled room temperature. The cooling was done by the
temperature difference between the room temperature and the soil temperature that occurs at the
system that was designed to have three subsystems which were thermostat controlled air blower
system, piping system and thermostat controlled damper.
The process starts with the provided air with certain temperature inside the piping system
which circulates at a closed loop system. The air was cooled through conduction heat transfer
between the temperature difference of air flowing in the pipe and the cold soil temperature at the
depth of 6 feet for the first layer of horizontal loop, 8 feet for the secondary layer of horizontal
loop and 10 feet for the third and last layer from the ground. The air was brought by a centrifugal
air blower from the room with a high temperature to the piping system which served as the heat
exchanger so that convection heat transfer could take place between the air flowing from the
pipes and the piping system design and acted as a cooling coil. Conduction heat transfer took
place from the temperature difference between the soil and the piping system.
Electricity consumption only took place at centrifugal air blower and damper, to promote
efficient electricity consumption. The use of control system was introduced to the air blower and
the damper to work uniformly. The air blower and the damper were set to achieve and maintain
the room temperature equivalent to the computed effective temperature for comfort cooling.
3.2 Design of Piping System
The piping system served as the passage and the heat exchanger of the geothermal
cooling system. The air travelled from the room to the piping system that acted as the heat
exchanger.
The air that underwent conduction and convection heat transfer carries the lower
temperature from the soil and is used to control the room temperature to achieve comfort cooling
though the pipe.
3.2.1 Piping System of Small Scale Geothermal Cooling System
The design of piping system for small scale geothermal system was classified into
two loops: closed and opened loop. The loop applied to the study was an open loop with
air as the medium in carrying the cold temperature. The cycle took place inside the
system as conduction and convection heat transfer at the piping system.
An open loop system is a process where the cooled medium is at cycle inside the
system that is being contaminated by other substance or is affected by outside
contaminants. In the studys case, the air flowing through the system was affected by the
outside air when the dampers thermostat control detected that the room temperature was
less than the maintained effective temperature.

The size of the piping system varied from the pump inlet and the further
computation of the study.
3.2.2 Underground Piping System
The piping system underground is classified into two: Horizontal loop and
Vertical loop. The loop applied for the study is a horizontal loop where the conduction
heat transfer takes place.
This piping system is placed underground with a depth of 6 feet for the first
horizontal layer, 8 feet for second horizontal layer and 10 feet for third horizontal layer. It
is considered to be the most cost effective for small installation such as for private uses
(Geothermal Heating & Cooling systems 2005). Figure 3-1 shows an example of a
horizontal type loop of a geothermal cooling system.
Figure 3-1 An example of a Horizontal Loop
(Source: http://www.hydro.mb.ca)
3.3 Selection of Air Blower System
The air blower unit was used to distribute the cold temperature harnessed from the soil to
the room using conduction and convection heat transfer. The design was composed of piping
system where the geothermal cooling system was coupled while the single phase air blower
induces the conditioned air.
The selection of the air blower unit varied with the air temperature it was carrying, air
flow, operational efficiency, power consumption, size occupied for its room installation and its
initial price. In the study, the air blower unit was a single phase centrifugal blower.
3.4 Heat Transfer at the System
The heat transfers that were present at the Geothermal Cooling System were convection
and conduction. Conduction occurred between the piping system and soil while convection
occurred at air flowing through the pipe at turbulent flow.
The system followed the 2nd law of thermodynamics which stated that energy has
quality as well as quantity, and actual process occurs in the direction of decreasing quality of
energy. The 2nd law of thermodynamics was followed when the horizontal loop gave off heat
from the air flow to the soil of Limay, Bataan.
3.4.1 Conduction from fluids through pipes
Conduction was the transfer of energy from the more energetic particles of a
substance to the adjacent less energetic ones as a result of interaction between particles.
This occurred at the horizontal loop burrowed under the ground with the depth of 6 feet
for first horizontal loop, 8 feet for second horizontal loop and 10 feet for third horizontal
loop. The heat transfer occurred between the cold soil and flowing warm air from the
tube, as shown in equation 3.1.
(3.1)
Where:
=heat transfer
U= overall conductance
A= area of the pipe
=difference in temperature between the solid surface and
surrounding fluid area
3.4.2 Convection
Convection was the transfer of energy between a solid surface and the
adjacent fluid that was in motion. It involved the combined effects of conduction
and fluid motion. This occurred at the piping system when the warm air flowed
through the pipe at a turbulent flow. The air flow was induced by the centrifugal
air blower. Equation 3.2 shows the effect of the temperature difference, mass flow
rate, and the specific heat on the convection heat transfer rate.
(3.2)
Where:
= heat transfer
m= mass flow rate
= specific heat
= designed temperature

= temperature leaving the heat exchanger
3.5 Room Heat Load Calculation
The room temperature was evaluated with relation to the ambient temperature, water at
underground temperature, and sources of heat gain through heat load calculation and
psychrometric chart.
3.5.1 Psychrometric Chart
The state of the atmospheric air at a specified pressure was evaluated
using the psychrometric charts for air-conditioning applications. Psychrometry is
the study of moist air and of the changes in its conditions. The psychrometric
chart graphically represents the interrelation of air temperature and moisture.
3.5.1.1 Absolute humidity is the vapor content of air, given in grams or
kg of water vapor per kg of air, i.e. g/kg or kg/kg. It is also known
as moisture content or humidity ratio. Air at a given temperature
can support only a certain amount of moisture and no more. This
is referred to as the saturation humidity.
3.5.1.2 Relative humidity is an expression of the moisture content of a
given atmosphere as a percentage of the saturation humidity at the
same temperature.
3.5.1.3 Wet-bulb temperature (WBT) is measured by a hygrometer or a
sling psychrometer and is shown as sloping lines on the
psychrometric chart. A status point on the psychrometric chart can
be indicated by a pair of dry-bulb temperature (DBT) and WBT.

3.5.1.4 Specific volume, in m3/kg, is the reciprocal of density and is
indicated by a set of slightly sloping lines on the psychrometric
chart.
3.5.1.5 Enthalpy is the heat content of unit mass of the atmosphere, in
kJ/kg, relative to the heat content of 0 oC dry air. It is indicated on
the psychrometric chart by a third set of sloping lines, near to, but
not quite the same as the web-bulb lines. In order to avoid
confusion, there are no lines shown, but external scales are given
on two sides.
3.5.1.6 Sensible heat is the heat content causing an increase in dry-bulb
temperature.
3.5.1.7 Latent heat is the heat content due to the presence of water vapour
in the atmosphere. It is the heat which was required to evaporate
the given amount of moisture.
The terms above were easily evaluated and measured for the difference
brought by the system applied to the room through the use of psychrometric chart.
Considering that the study centers with the air conditioning system, the effect of
the installation at one room will be graphically evaluated to see the air
conditioning process.
The sensible and latent heat gains were considered in the room. The
design cooling load (or heat gain) was the amount of heat energy to be removed
from a house by the HVAC equipment to maintain the house at indoor design
temperature. There were two types of cooling loads, namely: sensible cooling
load and latent cooling load.
The sensible cooling load was related to the dry bulb temperature of the
building and the latent cooling load is related to the wet bulb temperature of the
building.
3.6 Sensible and Latent Heat Gains from People
One source of sensible and latent heat gains in the computation was from people. It
greatly varied from the number of people inside the room and the activities undertaken. The
values used for people were taken from carrier system design manual (Carrier 1965). Table 3.1
shows the diversity factors for the different usage of the room. Table 3-2 shows the room heat
gain from people.
Table 3.1 Typical Diversity Factor for Large Buildings (Carrier 1965)
Table 3.2 Heat Gain From People (Carrier 1965)

The factor used in solving heat load from people: Apartment/Hotel = 0.5 x 390 = 195 (Carrier
1965). The computation can be seen on section B.2 under Appendices.
3.7 Sensible Heat and Latent heat from Light and other Electric Equipment
Appliances that consumed electricity also contributed to the heat gain in the room. Table
3-3 shows the usual power consumption of appliances as well as the rate of usage.
Table 3-3 Power consumption of appliances
Appliances Quantity Wattage Time of use per Days per month of consumption
day
Lights 1 32 6 30
Television 1 110 10 30
19
Electric Fan 1 80 12 30
14
The values written above are used in the computation of the grand total heat of the room
using the carriers heat load form. Factor used in the heat load form being Factor = 0.5 (Carrier
1965).
3.8 Soil Temperature Variations with Time and Depth
Soil temperature fluctuates annually and daily and is affected mainly by variations in air
temperature and solar radiation. The annual variation of daily average soil temperature at
different depths is described with the following sinusoidal function (Hillel 1982), as shown in
equation 3.3.
'
+ , & - 1 ,
!" # $ % &( $ !) * ./0

+2 (3.3)
Where:
is the average temperature oC
is the annual amplitude of the surface soil temperature (oC)
z is the soil depth (m)
d is the damping depth (m)
3 34 is the time lag (days)
3.9 Ground Loop Length
Once the room heat load has been determined, the ground loop length can then be
determined by using the following equations:
3.9.1 McQuays Ground Loop Length
The ground loop is a heat exchanger that is similar to a cooling coil or an evaporator in a
chiller. The goal is to transfer energy from the heat pump loop fluid to/from the ground. The
purpose of loop design is to estimate the required loop length. Equation 3.4 shows the formula of
the heat needed to lower the temperature of the room. (McQuay 2002)
6789 & 8: ;
Q <
(3.4)
Where:
Q is the heat to lower the temperature of the room (W)
L is the pipe length (m)
tg is the ground temperature (C)
tw is the fluid temperature (C)
>?
R is the thermal resistance to heat transfer= @ A
3.9.2 RETScreens Ground Heat Exchanger Sizing
Ground heat exchanger sizing is concerned mainly with the determination of heat
exchanger length. The method used in the Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) Project Model is
largely adapted from International Ground-Source Heat Pump Association (IGSHPA) (1988).
Equation 3.5 shows the formula of needed length of the pipe. (RETScreen 1965)
DEFGH
7IJ KIL MN ;
B C DEF
S (3.5)
OPQ &OR
Where:
Q is the heat to lower the temperature of the room (W)

bN
COP is the design cooling coefficient of performance, à @
cdefQg
b
Fc is the part load factor for cooling, h b N
ij
Tae is thedesigned entering air from room temperature
Tg is the ground temperature

Rp is the pipe thermal resistance
Rs is the soil thermal resistance
3.9.3 Czech Technical Universitys Design of earth-to-air heat exchanger loop calculation
The method allows the design of EAHXs. Particularly, the method is beneficial for the
preliminary design phase when conceptual variants of building ventilation and cooling are
prepared, as shown in equation 3.6. (Pavel Kopeck 1965)
lP +,e m
k >P ?P
(3.6)
Where:
NTU is the number of transfer unit, 3 3 # 3 3 % &nOo
@
ha is the air-to-pipe convective heat transfer coefficient =>p qA
ro is the internal diameter of pipe (m)
rs
ma is the mass air flow rate = A
t
Ca is the specific thermal capacity of air =rs qA
3.10 Mass flow rate of cooling air
The mass flow rate of cooling air needed is shown on equation 3.7.
u v (3.7)
Where:
m is the mass flow rate of air (kg/s)
Q is the flow rate (. /s), Supply Air Quantity from heat load form, as shown on
equation 3.8.
I> wx y

z.4|$} O> }~~ (3.8)
v is the density of the air (kg/. )
3.11 Measure of comfort: Effective Temperature
Developed by Houghten and Yagloglou at the ASHVE Pittsburgh research laboratories in
1923: represented by a set of equal comfort lines drawn on the psychrometric chart. It is defined
as the temperature of a still, saturated atmosphere, which would, in the absence of radiation,
produce the same effect as the atmosphere in question. Equation 3.9 shows the formula for the
effective temperature (Andris Auliciems and Steven V. Szokolay 1965)
Iy
0.4 $ 10 $ =1 z44
A !) (3.9)
Where:
ET = effective temperature
Dbt = desired room temperature
RH = designed room RH
Effective temperature is defined as the temperature of saturated air (RH=100%) at which
the subject would experience the same feeling of comfort as experienced in the actual
unsaturated environment. It serves as a single parameter for an index of comfort. (C.P.Arora
1965)
CHAPTER 4
METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses the processes and methods of geothermal cooling that is important
in the study as well as the appropriate equipment and pipes to be selected for installation. Figure
4-1 shows the step-by-step procedures that were undertaken by the group.
Site selection
Evaluation of room properties (Heat load computation)
Geothermal cooling system design (Three systems: Air blower

system, piping system and Damper system)
Design, selection and fabrication of piping system
Selection of air blower
Selection of Damper system
Excavation
Installation of geothermal cooling system and damper
Installation of thermostat controller at air blower and damper for

automatic cut on/cut off (For maintaining effective temperature)
Testing
Collection of data
Draw conclusions and recommendations
Figure 4-1 Flowchart showing the steps taken in the thesis
4.1 Site Selection
In the site selection process, the group had considered the convenience and proximity of
the site. The group had chosen a private property located at Limay, Bataan as its location for it
was the only place that was available for excavation. The location was the most convenient
because the excavation site is owned by the family of Mr. John Luigi Manansala and was the
only site available to install a Geothermal Cooling System.
The excavation was done by hired and trusted workers from Limay, Bataan. A small
room was built on the above mentioned plot of land for the purpose of this study.
4.2 Evaluation of Room Properties
The room was evaluated with the use of equipment and proper standards in evaluating the
properties of the room. Evaluation of room properties was important before the installation of the
geothermal heat exchanger. It could help the group to select the proper type of materials and
specifications of the equipment that were needed in the study.
The different parameters measured were the dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature,
air flow rate, relative humidity, sources of heat gain: light sensible heat, sensible and latent heat
gain from people, and other sources of heat gain.
The apparatus needed for measuring these parameters were the digital hygrometer for
measuring wet bulb temperature, dry bulb temperature and relative humidity of the room, the
speedometer for measuring the air flow rate of the intake and discharge pipes, the heat load
calculation and the carrier psychometric chart for measuring heat gain and room properties.
4.3 Geothermal Cooling System
The Geothermal Cooling System consists of the three subsystems which are the blower
system, piping system and damper system. Figure 4-2 shows the schematic diagram of the
Geothermal Cooling System.
Figure 4.2 Schematic Diagram of Geothermal Cooling System
The operation of geothermal cooling system as described by the diagram started at the
suction of air to the intake pipe. The air was taken to the heat exchanger using the air blower.
The air at the heat exchanger would have undergone through a conduction and convection heat
transfer process, wherein the air from the room would gradually decrease its temperature after
the air passed through the pipes. The air from the underground heat exchanger with a lower
temperature will be discharged to the room to be conditioned.
The damper operates with the help of the thermostat which serves as a control system for
an automatic open or close operation. When the room temperature is below 27oC, then the
damper opens itself to let the fresh air enter the room. However, when the room temperature is
above 27oC, the damper doesnt open.
The air blower also operates with the help of the thermostat. It automatically turns off
when the temperature inside the room is below 27oC, and it turns itself on if the temperature
inside the room is above 27oC.
For the medium of heat transfer to be used, air was chosen to simplify the geothermal
cooling system, since it was free, safe and non-toxic. The air from the room is cooled by passing
through the ground which has a lower temperature; this is done by using pipes which will act as
heat exchangers. Conduction heat transfer occurs between the heat exchanger and the soil from
the ground while convection heat transfer occurs between the heat exchanger and the air flowing
inside the pipe.
4.4 Design, selection and fabrication of piping system
The pipe used for the ground loop design was a black iron steel pipe. It was chosen for its
durability, thermal conductivity and it was cheaper compared to the other pipes being considered
in the design of the piping system. The black iron steel pipe was designed to be a three layer
parallel connecting pipes and was made for the passage of air from the room to the ground, hence
the heat transfer process would occur at the piping system.
The piping system was designed to have three layers, the first layer starts at 6 feet, the
second layer at 8 feet and the third layer at 10 feet.
The horizontal ground loop piping design was chosen because of the available depth at
the selected site and lack of equipment necessary for the depth required in a vertical loop piping
system installation (usually 100 feet). The horizontal ground loop piping system does not require
high depth compared to vertical loop. Also, the horizontal set-up was much more ideal for the
process and the system would have smaller scales in the pipe. Existing studies show that
horizontal piping systems are preferable for residential application.
The draining system was placed at the bottom part of the heat exchanger where liquid
condensate accumulates. The system was designed to be opened manually using a lever attached
to the ball valve and functions through pulling the lever up. The lever was located beside the
discharge pipe. Furthermore, the heat exchanger was tilted so that the liquid condensate will
reside on the bottom part of the heat exchanger.
4.5 Selection of Air Blower
Selection of blowers was dependent on the system design, on such cases, the piping and
the discharge characteristics that determines blower selection.
The group identified the internal heat load of the room, room temperature, air flow rate
and the pressure head that was necessary in selecting the blower. Along with the parameters
considered, computation of flow characteristics to determine the turbulent flow, pressure drop
and blower power were done.
The electricity consumption of the geothermal cooling system was evaluated based from
the single phase motor of the centrifugal air blower.

4.6 Selection of Damper System
The selection of damper system varied with the size of the room and the air flow needed
to modify the rooms comforting properties.
The damper was mounted to an actuator for an automatic operation. The air flow passing
through the damper was set to be at 10% of the total ambient air. The 10% ambient air helped
affect the rooms properties such as humidity and temperature to achieve comfort cooling.
4.7 Excavation
The excavation site at Limay, Bataan is owned by the family of Mr. John Luigi
Manansala.
The design of the excavation was highly dependent on the existing studies that were
used in the field of geothermal heat pump such as the standard depth at which the temperature of
the soil was most likely effective for the soil conductivity.
The total depth of the excavation was 10 feet with 3 layers of horizontal piping system
burrowed at 6 feet for the first layer, 8 feet for the second layer and 10 feet for the third layer.
Workers were hired to do the excavation. They were able to accomplish the work within
one month. Apart from the soil excavation, removal of large stones was necessary and made the
work difficult.
After the installation of the piping system, the soil was filled back. New soil was added
due to the removal of large boulders. No pressure was applied while filling back the soil to avoid
damaging the piping system. Hence, the soil still sank and addition of new soil was required.
4.8 Installation of geothermal cooling system and damper
After the excavation and the installation of the piping system, the air blower was
mounted to the intake pipe of the piping system. Furthermore, the intake and the discharge pipe
was installed to the house.
The damper system was installed to the wall of the house and located near the intake pipe
of the piping system. The installation helps the cooling process to maintain the effective
temperature and promote comfort cooling inside the conditioned room.
4.9 Installation of thermostat controller at air blower and damper for automatic cut on/cut
off (For maintaining effective temperature)
The thermostat controller which was attached to both the damper and the centrifugal air
blower operates by controlling the voltage input in the actuator of the damper and the single
phase motor of the centrifugal air blower. The thermostat controller for the centrifugal air blower
was set to have a cut-off of electricity to automatically turn off the motor of air blower when the
effective temperature (set temperature) was met. The blower continuously operates when the
room temperature does not meet the set temperature that is affixed at the thermostat. The set
temperature was modified through the controller.
The thermostat controller for the damper is set to have a cut-in voltage to automatically
turn on the dampers actuator and to intake fresh air. It is designed to intake 10% of ambient air
flow when the room temperature is below the desired temperature (which is the computed
effective temperature) and closes when the room temperature is above the desired temperature.
The desired temperature for the damper controller was modified through the controller attached
to the thermostat.
4.10 Testing and Evaluation of Open Loop Geothermal Cooling System
After the installation of the open loop geothermal cooling system, the group evaluated the
effectiveness of the system to the conditioned room for one week.
The rooms comfort cooling properties were evaluated using the apparatus which were
the digital hygrometer, anemometer, analog thermometer. The digital hygrometer was used for
evaluating the air properties of the room after the cooling process such as the dry bulb
temperature, wet bulb temperature and relative humidity. The analog thermometer was used for
calibration of the digital hygrometer and anemometer. Anemometer was used to measure the air
velocity of the evaluated room.
Parameters considered for evaluating the effectiveness of the geothermal cooling system
were the relative humidity, temperature of the ambient air and temperature of the conditioned
room before the system was used for its operation, and also the velocity and temperature of the
intake and discharge air flow, the relative humidity and temperature after the geothermal cooling
system was operated.

CHAPTER 5
DATA ANALYSIS
This chapter discusses the data and analysis of the tests conducted on the geothermal
cooling system.
5.1 Data gathered from operation of Geothermal Cooling System
The group observed the geothermal cooling system for one week. They gathered data in
three time intervals to prevent the blower from overheating. The three time intervals were 9-11
am, 1-3 pm, and 5-7 pm.
The parameters that were observed are dry bulb temperature, relative humidity, and
velocity of air at the suction and discharge ends of the piping system. In naming the parameters,
T represents the Dry Bulb Temperature. RH represents the Relative humidity. Vintake
represents the velocity at the suction end of the pipe. Vdis represents the velocity at the
discharge end of the pipe. Room signifies that the parameter represented is taken inside the
room. Out signifies that the parameter represented is taken from ambient surroundings outside
the room. T signifies the difference in temperature, thus T1 represents the difference
between Tout-Troom (at start). T2 represents the difference between Tout-Troom(after 2
hours). T3 represents the difference between Tintake- Tdis.

5.1.1 Day 1 Operation
The following data were gathered during the first day of operation. The
general weather experienced throughout the day was sunny. The summary of data
is shown in Table 5.1.
Table 5.1 Data of first day Operation
Date 7/1/2012
Time 9-11 am 1-3 pm 5-7 pm
Weather Sunny
At Start After 2 Hours At Start After 2 Hours At Start After 2 Hours
Troom, (C) 28.7 27.1 31.8 29.8 28.8 26.8
RHroom, (%) 80.5 85 78 79.3 85.2 84.2
Tout, (C) 28.2 29.3 31.5 32 29.3 28.6
RHout, (%) 80.7 77.6 75.4 76.7 80.4 82.3
Tintake, (C) 28 28 29.5 29.5 28.5 28.5
Vintake, (m/s) 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1
Tdis, (C) 26.3 26.3 27.1 27.1 26.5 26.5
Vdis, (m/s) 5.2 5.2 5 5 5.1 5.1
Tout - Troom, (C) 0.5 2.2 0.3 2.2 0.5 1.8
Tintake-Tdis, (C) 1.7 1.7 2.4 2.4 2 2
The previous data were represented in graphs as shown in Figure(s) 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3.
34
32
T
e
m 30
p
e 28 Troom
r
a Tout
t 26
u Tintake
r 24 Tdis
e
( C)
22
20 Time
9am 11am 1pm 3pm 5pm 7pm
Figure 5.1 Temperatures during operation

Tintake and Tdis remained constant throughout the operation of the
geothermal cooling. Tout increased during the 9-11 am interval and 1-3 pm
interval while it decreased during the 5-7 pm interval. Troom decreased all
throughout the operation.
90
80
T
e 70
m
p 60
e RHroom
r 50
a RHout
t 40
u Vintake
r 30
Vdis
e
( C) 20
10
0 Time
Figure 5.2 Relative humidity and velocity in the intake and discharge pipes
Vintake and Vdis remained constant throughout the operation. RHout
decreased during 9-11 am interval while it increased during the 1-3 pm and 5-7
pm interval.
2.5
V
e
l
2
o
c
T1
1.5
i T2
t
y 1 T3
( )
0.5
0 Time
9am-11am 1pm-3pm 5pm-7pm
Figure 5.3 Temperature Differences during Operation
There was a minimal temperature difference from Troom and Tout at the start
of the operation, as represented by T1. T2 is equal and at its highest during the
9-11 am and 1-3 pm. T3 was at its highest during the 1-3 pm interval and lowest
during the 9-11 am interval.
The following data were gathered during the second day of operation. The

Table 5.4 Data of Second Day Operation
Date 7/2/2012
Time 9-11 am 1-3 pm 5-7 pm
Weather Sunny
Troom, (C) 29.4 27.8 32.6 30.5 28 26.8
RHroom, (%) 81.7 80.9 75 78.5 83.4 82.2
Tout, (C) 29.1 30.2 31.2 32.4 27.6 27.2
RHout, (%) 80.4 79.5 77.6 77.5 79.6 80.2
Tintake, (C) 28.4 28.4 29.6 29.6 27.5 27.5
Vintake, (m/s) 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1
Tdis, (C) 26.6 26.6 27.8 27.8 26.3 26.3
Vdis, (m/s) 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.1 5 5
Tout - Troom, (C) 0.3 2.4 1.4 1.9 0.4 0.4
Tintake-Tdis, (C) 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.2 1.2
34
T 32
e
m 30
p
e Troom
28
r Tout
a 26
t Tintake
u 24
r Tdis
e 22
( C)
20 Time
Figure 5.4 Temperatures during Operation
geothermal cooling. Troom. . Tout increased during the 9-11 am interval and 1-3
pm interval while it decreased during the 5-7 pm interval. Troom decreased
90
80
T
e 70
m
p 60
e RHroom
r 50
a RHout
t 40
u Vintake
r 30
Vdis
e
20
( C)
10
0 Time
decreased during 1-3 pm interval and 5-7 pm interval while it increased during the
1-3 pm and 5-7 pm interval. RHroom decreased during the 9-11 am interval and 5-7
pm interval while it increased during the 1-3 pm interval.

3
2.5
V
e
l 2
o
c T1
i
1.5
t T2
y 1 T3
( )
0.5
0 Time
T1 is lowest during 9-11 am and 1-3 pm while it is highest during the 1-3
pm interval. T2 is at its highest during the 9-11 am and at its lowest during the 5-
7 pm interval. T3 is equal during 9-11 am interval and 1-3 pm interval and at its
lowest during the 5-7 pm interval.
The following data were gathered during the third day of operation. The
general weather experienced throughout the day was rainy. The summary of data

Table 5.3 Data of Third Day Operation
Date 7/3/2012
Time 9-11 am 1-3 pm 5-7 pm
Weather Rainy
Troom, (C) 28.2 28.2 28.6 27.9 28.3 28.1
RHroom, (%) 84.4 79 83.3 74 85.8 83
Tout, (C) 29.3 30.4 30.4 31.7 27.8 27.6
RHout, (%) 78.5 80.1 77.1 79.9 82.3 83.3
Tintake, (C) 27.4 27.4 27.4 27.4 26.9 26.9
Vintake, (m/s) 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1
Tdis, (C) 26.3 26.3 26.1 26.1 26.2 26.2
Vdis, (m/s) 4.9 4.9 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.1
Tout - Troom, (C) 1.1 2.2 1.8 3.8 0.5 0.5
Tintake-Tdis, (C) 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 0.7 0.7
34
T
32
e
m
p 30
e
r 28 Troom
a
t
Tout
u 26
Tintake
r
e 24 Tdis
( C)
22
20 Time
100
90
T 80
e
m 70
p
e 60 RHroom
r
a 50 RHout
t
u
40 Vintake
r 30 Vdis
e
( C) 20
10
0 Time
increased throughout the whole operation. RHroom decreased throughout the
operation.
4
3.5
V
e 3
l
o 2.5
c T1
i 2
t T2
y 1.5
T3
( ) 1
0.5
0 Time
T1 was at its highest during the 1-3 pm interval while it was at its lowest
during the 5-7 pm interval. T2 was at its highest during the 1-3 pm interval while
it was at its lowest during the 5-7 pm interval. T3 was at its highest during the 1-
3 pm interval while it was at its lowest during the 5-7 pm interval.
The following data were gathered during the fourth day of operation. The

Table 5.4 Data of Fourth Day Operation
Date 7/4/2012
Time 9-11 am 1-3 pm 5-7 pm
Weather Rainy
Troom, (C) 27.7 27.1 29.7 28.1 28.8 27.1
RHroom, (%) 86.3 87 80.8 82.1 83.5 79.3
Tout, (C) 28.4 29.8 31.3 30.2 27.9 27.8
RHout, (%) 80.7 78.9 77.8 76.1 79.6 82
Tintake, (C) 27.3 27.3 28.4 28.4 27.8 27.8
Vintake, (m/s) 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1
Tdis, (C) 25.6 25.6 26.4 26.4 25.5 25.5
Vdis, (m/s) 4.8 4.8 5.1 5.1 4.4 4.4
Tout - Troom, (C) 0.7 2.7 1.6 2.1 0.9 0.7
Tintake-Tdis, (C) 1.7 1.7 2 2 2.3 2.3
32
T
e 30
m
p 28
e
r
Troom
a 26 Tout
t
u Tintake
r 24
e Tdis
( C)
22
20 Time
100
T 90
e
80
m
p 70
e
r 60 RHroom
a
50 RHout
t
u 40 Vintake
r
e 30 Vdis
( C)
20
10
0 Time
decreased during the 9-11 am and the 1-3 pm interval while it increased during
the 5-7 pm interval. RHroom increased during the 9-11 am interval and the 1-3 pm
interval while it decreased during the 5-7 pm interval.

3
2.5
V
e
l 2
o
c T1
i 1.5
t T2
y
1 T3
( )
0.5
0 Time
T1 was at its highest during the 1-3 pm interval and was at its lowest
during the 9-11 am interval. T2 was at its highest during the 9-11 am interval
and was at its lowest during the 5-7 pm interval. T3 was at its highest during the
5-7 pm interval and was at its lowest during the 9-11 am interval.
The following data were gathered during the fifth day of operation. The

Table 5.5 Data of Fifth Day Operation
Date 7/5/2012
Time 9-11 am 1-3 pm 5-7 pm
Climate Rainy
Troom, (C) 27.7 27.3 28.1 27.1 28.7 27.5
RHroom, (%) 82.1 76.3 85 77.6 84.2 83
Tout, (C) 29.3 30 30.5 29.6 28.9 27.7
RHout, (%) 77 79.4 77.4 76.2 77.3 79.2
Tintake, (C) 27.2 27.2 27.3 27.3 26.5 26.5
Vintake, (m/s) 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1
Tdis, (C) 26.5 26.5 26.4 26.4 25.9 25.9
Vdis, (m/s) 5.2 5.2 5 5 4.9 4.9
Tout - Troom, (C) 1.6 2.7 2.4 2.5 0.2 0.2
Tintake-Tdis, (C) 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.6
31
30
T
e 29
m
p 28
e Troom
r 27 Tout
a
t 26 Tintake
u
r Tdis
25
e
( C)
24
23 Time
geothermal cooling. Tout increased during the 9-11 am interval while it decreased
during the 1-3 pm interval and the 5-7 pm interval. Troom decreased all throughout
the operation.
90
80
T
e 70
m
p 60
e RHroom
r 50
a RHout
t 40
u Vintake
r 30
Vdis
e 20
( C)
10
0 Time
decreased during the 1-3 pm interval while it increased during the 9-11 am and 5-
7 pm interval. RHroom decreased throughout the operation.

3
V 2.5
e
l
o 2
c
i T1
t 1.5
y T2
1 T3
( )
0.5
0 Time
T1 was at its highest during the 1-3 pm interval and was at its lowest
during the 5-7 pm interval. T2 was at its highest during the 9-11 am interval and
was at its lowest during the 5-7 pm interval. T3 was at its highest during the 1-3
pm interval and was at its lowest during the 5-7 pm interval.
The following data were gathered during the sixth day of operation. The

Table 5.6 Data of Sixth Day Operation
Date 7/6/2012
Time 9-11 am 1-3 pm 5-7 pm
Weather Sunny
Troom, (C) 28.2 27.3 31.7 29.4 28.4 27.1
RHroom, (%) 80.1 79.8 73.5 75.7 82.2 81.4
Tout, (C) 28.1 29.9 29.7 29.2 28.2 27.7
RHout, (%) 80 79.3 78.2 80.1 80.8 81.5
Tintake, (C) 27.3 27.3 29.7 29.7 27.1 27.1
Vintake, (m/s) 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1
Tdis, (C) 25.2 25.2 27.3 27.3 25.3 25.3
Vdis, (m/s) 5 5 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2
Tout - Troom, (C) 0.1 2.6 2 0.2 0.2 0.6
Tintake-Tdis, (C) 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.4 1.8 1.8
34
T 32
e
m
p 30
e
r 28 Troom
a
Tout
t
u
26
Tintake
r
e 24 Tdis
( C)
22
20 Time
geothermal cooling. Tout increased during the 9-11 am interval while it decreased
during 1-3 pm interval and the 5-7 pm interval. Troom decreased all throughout the
operation.
90
T 80
e
m 70
p
e
60
r RHroom
50
a
RHout
t 40
u Vintake
r 30
e Vdis
( C) 20
10
0 Time
pm interval. RHroom decreased during the 9-11 am interval and the 5-7 pm interval
while it increased during the 1-3 pm interval.

3
2.5
V
e
l 2
o
c
i T1
1.5
t T2
y
1 T3
( )
0.5
0 Time
T1 was at its highest during the 1-3 pm interval while it was at its lowest
during the 9-11 am interval. T2 was at its highest during the 9-11 am interval
while it was at its lowest during the 1-3 pm interval. T3 was at its highest during
the 1-3 pm interval while it was at its lowest during the 5-7 pm interval.
The following data were gathered during the seventh day of operation. The

Table 5.7 Data of Seventh Day Operation
Date 7/7/2012
Time 9-11 am 1-3 pm 5-7 pm
Climate Sunny
Troom, (C) 29 28.1 30.4 28.6 28.8 27.5
RHroom, (%) 76.9 78.3 75.7 78.3 83.2 80.8
Tout, (C) 29.4 31.3 30.8 31.5 27.9 26.8
RHout, (%) 77.3 79 76.4 77.8 78.4 80.4
Tintake, (C) 28.5 28.5 29.9 29.9 27.2 27.2
Vintake, (m/s) 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1
Tdis, (C) 26.4 26.4 27.4 27.4 25.9 25.9
Vdis, (m/s) 5.1 5.1 4.9 4.9 5 5
Tout - Troom, (C) 0.4 1.3 0.4 2.2 0.9 0.4
Tintake-Tdis, (C) 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.5 1.3 1.3
34
T 32
e
m
p 30
e
r 28 Troom
a Tout
t 26
u Tintake
r
e 24 Tdis
( C)
22
20 Time
90
80
T
e 70
m
p 60
e RHroom
r 50
a RHout
t 40
u Vintake
r 30
e Vdis
( C) 20
10
0 Time
increased throughout the operation. RHroom increased during the 9-11 am interval
and the 1-3 pm interval while it decreased during the 5-7 pm interval.
3.5
3
V
e
l 2.5
o
c
2
i T1
t
y 1.5 T2
T3
( )
1
0.5
0 Time
T1 was at its highest during the 5-7 pm interval. T2 was at its highest
during the 1-3 pm interval while it was at its lowest during the 5-7 pm interval.
T3 was at its highest during the 1-3 pm interval while it was at its lowest during
the 5-7 pm interval.

5.1.8 Average for One Week Operation
Table 5.8 Average Data of Seven-Day Operation
Date Average
Time 9-11 am 1-3 pm 5-7 pm
Weather Sunny
After 2 After 2 After 2
At Start At Start At Start
Hours Hours Hours
Troom, (C) 28.41429 27.55714 30.41429 28.77143 28.54286 27.27143
RHroom, (%) 81.71429 80.9 78.75714 77.92857 83.92857 81.98571
Tout, (C) 28.82857 29.85714 30.77143 30.84286 28.22857 27.78571
RHout, (%) 79.22857 79.11429 77.12857 77.75714 79.77143 81.27143
Tintake, (C) 27.72857 27.72857 28.82857 28.82857 27.52857 27.52857
Vintake, (m/s) 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1
Tdis, (C) 26.12857 26.12857 26.92857 26.92857 25.94286 25.94286
Vdis, (m/s) 5.057143 5.057143 5.071429 5.071429 4.957143 4.957143
Tout - Troom, (C) 0.414286 2.3 0.357143 2.071429 0.314286 0.514286
Tintake-Tdis, (C) 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.585714 1.585714
The average data were represented in graphs as shown in Figure(s) 5.22, 5.23, 5.24.
32
T 31
e
m 30
p
e
29
r Troom
28
a
Tout
t 27
u Tintake
r 26
e Tdis
( C) 25
24
23 Time
Figure 5.22 Average Temperatures for Seven-Day Operation
Based on the graph above, the geothermal cooling system can successfully
decrease the temperature of the room after a continuous operation for 2 hours,
regardless of the temperature of the ambient or outside air.

90
T
80
e 70
m
p 60
e RHroom
r 50
a RHout
t 40
u Tintake
r 30
e Tdis
( C) 20
10
0 Time
Figure 5.23 Average RH and Velocity for Seven-Day Operation
pm interval. RHroom decreased throughout the operation.
Based on the graph, the average RHroom decreases throughout the
operation. Vintake and Vdis does not affect the RHroom based on the graph.
2.5
V
e 2
l
o
c 1.5
i T1
t
y T2
1
T3
( )
0.5
0 Time
Figure 5.24 Average Temperature Differences for Seven-Day Operation
There was a minimal temperature difference from Troom and Tout at the
start of the operation, as shown from the graph. T2 was at its highest during the
9-11am interval while it was at its lowest during the 5-7pm interval.T3 was at its
highest during the 1-3pm interval and was its lowest during the 5-7pm interval.
5.2 Computation of Payoff Period (Using ROI)
This section shows the comparison of the geothermal cooling system and conventional
air-conditioning under the operation of 6 hours in one day. Table 5.9 shows the power
consumption, capital cost, and monthly operational cost.
Table 5.9 Data Comparison of Geothermal Cooling System and Conventional Air-
Conditioning Unit For Computing Payoff Period
Geothermal Cooling System Air-conditioning System

A. Power Consumption, (HP) 0.75 1.27
B.Capital Cost
Initial Cost, peso 21716 12000
Labor Cost, peso 14000 n/a
C. Monthly Operational Cost, peso 571.809 964.768
Geothermal cooling system used a centrifugal air blower with a power consumption of
0.75 HP. It was compared to conventional air-conditioning system with a power consumption of
1.27 HP which was the recommended air-conditioning unit for an 8ft X 10ft floor plan.
The comparisons of the two systems were observed under the operation of six hours
(interval of two hours) in one day for a whole month.
The initial cost of the geothermal cooling system, composing of three subsystems, was
P21726.00, as compared to an air-conditioning unit with an initial cost of P12000.00. The labor
cost for geothermal cooling system was P14000.00 which included the excavation, assembly,
and other labor works. With this, the monthly operational cost for an installed geothermal
cooling system was computed to P571.809.00 while air-conditioning system was computed to
P964.768.00. The computation was done using MERALCO monthly estimated computation.
This proves that the geothermal cooling system, based from power consumption, costs less.
The payoff period was 66.396 months. It was based from the computation using break-
even analysis as shown from Computation of Pay-off Period using Break-Even Analysis for
Geothermal Cooling System at Appendix A.6.

CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This section discusses the conclusion and recommendation after the accomplishment of
the study.
6.1 Conclusion
The group was able to design, fabricate, install and test an open loop geothermal cooling
system with an automatic temperature control using thermostat for the centrifugal air blower and
the damper with actuator in a controlled room for residential house application.
Weather conditions were a huge factor during the excavation since the work was done
outdoors. The excavation took one month due to removal of big rocks. During the installation of
the pipes, rains were imminent which added difficulty on the process. The selection of the site
was highly dependent on the availability of the lot on where the excavation and the installation
will be done and therefore, the group was not able to install the geothermal cooling system at a
more suitable site.
Measurement and evaluation of the room and ambient properties before the installation
were successfully done and were used throughout the computation. The design of geothermal
cooling system was done with the aid of heat load calculations and carrier handbook manual.
Measurements were done using hygrometer which measured relative humidity and analog
thermometer which measured the ambient and room temperatures.
The design of the Geothermal Cooling System started with the design of the heat
exchanger which is also the piping system. The computation of total length of the pipe was done
using the standards that was gathered by the group from previous existing studies and was
included to the studys reference. Fabrication was done in a machine shop near the site to ensure
that every small detail was being followed and finished on time. The installation of the heat
exchanger was not a problem for the group since the group hired a heavy equipment boom truck
to help with the installation.
The selection of the centrifugal air blower was based on the computation done by the
group. Its performance capacity was evaluated by its computed output power, pressure head and
velocity. Installation of the centrifugal air blower was done by mounting the suction pipe and
discharge pipe to the room. The centrifugal air blower was located outside the house due to the
design of the piping system. After the installation of the centrifugal air blower which completed
geothermal cooling system, the addition of a thermostat controller added further the efficiency of
the single phase motor. The thermostat controller system that was connected to the motor was
fabricated and designed for automatic cut off and cut on of the voltage supply. The thermostat
controller cuts off the voltage supply when the cooling system meets the set temperature that is
considered for comfort cooling. This completes the process of cooling the room by taking air
from the room using a centrifugal pump, taking it to a designed piping system and bringing it
back to the room at a lower temperature.
In the completion of the study, it was necessary for the addition of a damper with an
actuator controlled by a thermostat for automatic cut on/cut off of voltage. The damper served
as a heater by introducing a hot air to maintain the effective temperature designed for comfort
cooling. The design temperature of the room was 27C with a relative humidity of 60%.
However, based from studies, comfort cooling was evaluated mainly by one parameter which
was the effective temperature. The effective temperature computed was 25C. The damper was
designed to have a cut on when the temperature of the room reached below this temperature to
maintain the effective temperature throughout the process and maintain a comfort cooling
regardless of the relative humidity.
The geothermal cooling system was able to bring down the temperature inside the room
by taking the air from the room and let the air pass through the heat exchanger that was designed
to remove heat from the air, through conduction and convection heat transfer, and putting it back
on the room. Through this continuous process, the design heat exchanger can lower the
temperature of the room at 2C at most. The evaluation of the soil temperature was based from
existing studies and was proved to provide a consistent temperature regardless of the ambient
temperature throughout the week of evaluation. It maintained an approximate temperature
change of 2C between the suction and discharge temperature at the start of the operation.
By comparing the capital cost and monthly operational cost of a conventional 1.27 HP
window type air conditioning unit versus the installed geothermal cooling system (based from
power consumption), the group was able to get an approximation on how long will the
investment return by break-even analysis. The payback period was calculated to be 67 months.
After that period of time, the geothermal cooling system will be able to cool the room at a rate
much cheaper than a conventional AC unit.

6.2 Recommendation
For further improvement of the study of the geothermal cooling system, several
suggestions were gathered after the evaluation of the system.
The system must be constructed during the dry season. If the system is constructed during
the rainy season, problems with the digging will be experienced because water may cause
hindrance for the workers.
Before the piping system installation, it is highly advisable for the fabricated pipes to
undergo a hydrostatic test before placing it at the excavated lot. Hydrostatic test is a test which
involves filling the vessel or pipe system with a liquid, usually water, which may be dyed to aid
in visual leak detection, and pressurization of the vessel to the specified test pressure. This will
ensure that there are no defective parts in the pipe which could lead to leakage. After the pipe is
placed under the earth, the soil must be left to subside naturally. If the soil is compressed by
force, the pipe will experience undue damages. The same with what the group did, it is
recommended to put a foundation to the piping system because the soil, after excavation and
removal of stones for efficient conduction heat transfer weakened when the soil was dug.
It is required to place a drain section in the pipe to remove the water present in the pipe
due to condensation. The placement of the drain pipe must be secured in order to prevent the
water from entering the pipes through soil.
The damper should be placed near the suction fan to let the fresh air enter the room
instead of using induced fan. However, for a more effective fresh air flow, use an induced fan.
Induced fan should be attached along with the dampers actuator to the thermostat controller so
that they can turn on and off at the same time as the damper.
The soil conditions should be considered in choosing the site because the type of soil
present will also affect the ground temperature and the rate of heat transfer between the soil and
the induced air flow. In site selection, the place where the excavation was done was the only
available vacant slot that the group could find and was therefore the site chosen to where the
system is to be installed and evaluated. It is recommended to do the installation near a water
source to improve the cooling effect of the geothermal cooling system. The group only based the
calculated values based on current studies and available equipment to properly evaluate the soil
conductivity, temperature, stability and other properties such as thermocouple and parameter.
APPENDICES:
A. Computation for Geothermal Cooling System
A.1 Data:
>x 34.11
Ambient Air Properties; 34.11 307.11

rs
v 1.1519
>
q
1.006 qsq
>p
16.4109510&/
; !)%3! ! !3
> 27
19
> l > > 33.4
Solving for CFM(Air Flow)
Q = Supply Air Quantity from heat load form
%)!"% %3

1.08 $ %!% %%3% !%%)%

2542.50

1.08 $ 12.8h
3 . . u
183.9193 0.086803
!) % v
.
u v 0.086803 $ 1.1519 .
%

u 0.099988
%
Solving for the temperature entering and leaving the heat exchanger
By temperature balance:
mR TR + mOTO = mm Tm ; mm = mR + mO
mR TR + mOTO = (mR + mO) Tm

> O K >E OE
Tm =
> K >E
Solving for mR;
mR = mdR + mvR

b z|..z. 4. x(g

mdR= =
= 11.9031 >
z..4/+
dc(g
x(g xeL xeL

mvR = mdR (R) = 11.9031 (0.0136 ) = 0.16188
> x(g >
x(g xeL x
mR = mdR + mvR = 11.9031 >
+ 0.16188 >
= 12.06498>
Solving for mO;
mO = mdO + mvO

b z|..z. 4.z x(g

mdO= =
= 1.2757 >
z.z/
dc(g
x(g xeL xeL

mvO = mdO (O) = 1.2757 >
(0.021 x(g
) = 0.02679 >
x(g xeL x
mO = mdO + mvO = 1.2757 + 0.02679 = 1.30249
> > >
Solving for Tm;

> O K >E OE
Tm =
> K >E
dc dc
=z+.4/| A|4./MK =z..4+ A..M

Tm = dc dc
=z+.4/| AK=z..4+ A

Tm = 81.8472F = 27.6929C
Solving for Temperature leaving Heat Exchanger:
1
Oy 4216.64 1.2355 1235.46
3413

Oy 1235.46
Solving for Temperature leaving 1 layer Heat Exchanger
Using 1 layer:
l
1000
1235.46 0.101269 1.006 33.4 3m
1
3m 21.2730

1000
0.101269 1.006 27.6929 21.2730
1
654.0377
Solving for heat surface area in 1 layer:
; The heat a 1layer can remove

;

where
1

1
#

where

15
+
@
= thermal conductivity of GI pipe = 73 >?
1
14.9831 +
1 0.04445 0.03896
#
15 + 73

b
;
oOeQgPdd
654.0377
>
654.0377

14.9831 + 27.6929 19

5.02153 + ; Area of Heat Transfer at 1 layer
Solving for temperature leaving at 3 layers

z
5.02153 + =.A 1.6738+ ; Constant number of pipe at 3 layers
Solving for the heat the 1st layer can remove with .

14.9831 1.6738+ 27.6929 19
+
218.0067

1000
218.0067 0.101269 1.006 27.6929
1
25.5530
Solving for the heat the 2nd layer can remove with .

14.9831 1.6738+ 25.5530 19
+
164.3408

1000
164.3408 0.101269 1.006 25.5530
1
23.9399 (Temperature leaving at 2nd layer)
Solving for the heat the 3rd layer can remove with .

14.9831 1.6738+ 23.9399 19
+
123.8863

1000
123.9399 0.101269 1.006 23.9399
1
22.9399(Temperature leaving at 3rd layer);Final temperature 3 layers can supply
Total ;
218.0067 # 164.3408 # 123.9399
506.2874
3
10 3.048 ; %!% %" !3%

Data of B.I. Pipe:
= outside diameter = 3.5in; 1.75!) 0.04445
= inside diameter = 3.068in; 1.534!) 0.03896
> 3!) 0.0762
Circumference = 0.23939m
@
= thermal conductivity of B.I. pipe = 73 >?
Total resistance:
O #
For ;
1

where
@
%3 3)% %!!%)3 15 ;
>p ?
1

=15 + A

0.06667

For ;

r ln = A

where
= outside diameter = 3.5in
= inside diameter = 3.068in

@
= thermal conductivity of GI pipe = 73 >?
3.5in
0.03896 =ln = AA
3.068in

=73 A

7.0308 $ 10&

R # R
>? > ?
RT=0.06667 + 7.0308 $ 10&
@ @

RT= 0.06737
For ;
1

where
+,
S = conduction shape factor of the pipe =
p( p( p
= AK= A &z
e e
where
d = total depth
} ..0 z~ z>
d = depth +
+
= 10ft + +
=z+ A = 10.1458ft =..+|4|~A = 3.09249m
= outside diameter
@
= thermal conductivity = 0.9 >q
(clay and sand)
+,
= 1.27307
p.-p p.-p p
= AK = A &z
-.- -.-
1
0.87278

1.27307 =0.9 A
A.2 Air Blower Selection:
ax
where
k
v 1.1519 =9.81 A 11.3001
. + .
.
0.086803
%
v + B
a %%
2
where

v 1.1519
.
B 103 # 103 # 103 303 9.14411
0.0762
3
10 3.048

!3! ) 3
First, define the flow characteristic (Turbulent or laminar flow)
$
%

where
3
10 3.048 ; %!% %" !3%

0.0762
&/
+
!)%3! ! !3 16.4109510

3.048 $ 0.0762
%
+
16.4109510&/

% 14152.5993; 3"%)3 "
"%)3 " % 2000
to solve for for turbulent flow;
1 2.51 1
2" #
% 3.7
where
)% %!!%)3 1.5 $ 10&
1 2.51 1 1.5 $ 10&

2" C # S
14152.5993 3.7 0.0762
0.16587
Solving for pressure drop;
+
1.1519 =3.048 A 0.165879.14411
.

20.0762
106.5048 a
Solving for blower power;
ax
k . k
ax 11.3001 .
C0.086803 S 106.5048 +
%
ax 104.4687

ax 0.1044687 $ 0.1400385; 14
0.746
A.3 Soil Temperature Calculation:
Thermal diffusivity:

v
= thermal diffusivity
= thermal conductivity (W/(mK))
v = density (kg/m)
= specific heat capacity (J/(kgK))

0.15

1000
1.15 . 0.8
1
&
+
1.630434783 10

Damping depth:
2

2

365
2

2
365
+ 24 3600
2 1.630434783 10&
1 1

2
365
40.4557
Soil temperature
1 2 3 34
!" # $ % & $ !)
365 2
= average temperature oC
= annual amplitude of the surface soil temperature (oC)
z = soil depth (m)
d = damping depth (m)
3 34 = time lag (days)

..4|> 2 1 3.048
!" 20 # 34.11 $ % &4.00 $ !)
365 40.4557 2
!" 19.100
20oC average soil temp

34.11oC air temp
3.048m = 10ft
67h 19.44
A.5 Length Calculation:
1st length computation:
B 3s 3

Solving for L:
where
3s = ground temperature = 19C
3 = supply to pump= 27.6929C

# 0.06737 # 0.87278 0.94015

heat to lower the temperature of the room
506.2874
bI
L=
Pg &s
D
04/.+|@=4.4z0 A

L=
+./+? &z?
L 54.7557
2nd length computation:
à # 1
7 # h ;
B à
s
where:
506.2874
à 4.8463
x 104.4687
506.2874
h 0.4098
ym 1235.46
4.8463 # 1
=7.0308 $ 10& # 0.87278 0.4098A
B 506.2874 4.8463
27.6929 19
B 25.1787
Assumption:
A horizontal GHX(geothermal heat exchange) consists of a series of pipes laid out in trenches,
usually one to two meters below the surface.Typically, about 35 to 55 meters of pipe are installed
per kW of heating /cooling capacity.

B 55 $ 55 $ 0.50629

B 27.8458
3rd length calculation:
2 B
k

3 3 # 3 3 % &nOo
&
-k ") = e& L A
L
22.9399 19
k ")
33.4 19
k 1.2961
k
B
2
1000
1.2961 0.101269 1.006 = A
1
B

=15 A 0.077928
+
1000
1.2961 0.101269 1.006 = A
1
B

=15 A 0.077928
+
B 35.9566
Using;
1.2 k 2.5
Theoretically, we should increase NTU as much as possible to increase the exchanger efficiency.
It would lead to a combination of minimal airflow rate and a very long pipe. However, when a
certain value of NTU (2.0 2.5) is reached, there is only a minor gain in efficiency. Therefore,
NTU should be higher than 1.2, but it should not exceed2.5. Such a range leads to efficiency
from 70 % to92 %.
k 2
*EAHX efficiency ZVT[-] represents how much the outlet air temperature comes close to the
internal pipe surface temperature.
Solving for efficiency;
1 1 % &nOo
1 1 % &+
1 0.864665 86.466%
1000
2 0.099988 % 1.006 = A
1
B
0.077928
15 + 2 = 2 A

B 54.7824
3 19 # 33.4 19% &+
3 20.9488
A.6 Computation of Pay-off Period using Break-Even Analysis for Geothermal Cooling
System:
Initial Cost (includes materials and labor) = 21716 peso
Labor Cost = 14000 peso
Yearly electrical cost when Geothermal Cooling System is in operation:
0.746 %
)3" "%3!" 3 "0.75 $ $6 $ 365 $ 5.6
1 %
% 1 % %
)3" "%3!" 3 6861.708 $ 571.809
% 12 )3 )3
Cost of 1 hp Air-conditioning Unit:
Initial Cost: 12000 pesos
Yearly electrical cost when 1 hp Air-conditioning unit is installed:
1 %
)3" "%3!" 3 944 $ $6 $ 365 $ 5.6
1000 %
% 1 % %
)3" "%3!" 3 11577.216 $ 964.768
% 12 )3 )3
To compute how many years will it take to get back the Investment:
1 1 # !& 1 1 # !&
hz # h+ #
! !
Where n is the no of years
After isolating n, the equation becomes

hz h+ !
") 1 + z
)
")1 # !
Where:
FC1 is the total cost of Geothermal Cooling System
FC2 is the total cost of Conventional Air-conditioning Unit
A1 is the yearly electrical cost of Geothermal Cooling System
A2 is the yearly electrical cost of Conventional Air-conditioning Unit
i is the inflation rate (average year-to-date inflation rate for June is 3%,
source: http://www.bsp.gov.ph/publications/media.asp?id=2913 )
Substituting the terms,
35716 120000.03
") 1
11577.216 6861.708
)
")1 # 0.03
12 )3
) 5.533 % $ 66.396 )3
1 %
B. Heat Load Form and Computation
B.1 Heat Load Form

Pr ep ar ed b y : D at e :
N ame o f Jo b : Pr o p . N o . : :
Sp ace used f o: r A p p r o ve :
Siz e : 7 x 8 = 54 7 = 378 cu. f t .
SU N GA IN B T U / HO local time local time

IT EM A R EA OR QU A N T IT Y F A C T OR Est imat e f o r Peak Load
OR T emp . UR Sun time sun time
SOLA R GA IN - LOSS Ho ur s o f Op er at io n
GLASS 16 SQ. FT. x 14 x 1 224.00 DB WB %RH DP
C ON D IT ION S GR/LB
GLASS 16 SQ. FT. x 25 x 1 400.00 F F %
GLASS SQ. FT. x x 0.00
Out d o o r ( OA ) 93.4 81.9 60 147
GLASS SQ. FT. x x 0.00
SKYLIGHT SQ. FT. x x 0.00
Room (RM ) 80.6 70.2 60 95
SOLA R & T R A N S. GA IN - W A LLS & R OOF

D if f er ence 12.8 XXX XXX X XX 52
WALLS 48 SQ. FT. x 1.5 x 0.26 18.72

WALLS 59 SQ. FT. x 0.6 x 0.26 9.20 OU T D OOR A IR
WALLS 80 SQ. FT. x 1 x 0.26 20.80
WALLS 48 SQ. FT. x 0.5 x 0.26 6.24 2 PEOPLE x 13.1 CFM /PERSON = 26.2
ROOF-SUN 80 SQ. FT. x 6.4 x 0.26 133.12 V EN T I- 0 SQ. FT. x 0 CFM /SQ. FT = 0
ROOF-SHADED SQ. FT. x x 0.00 LA T ION CFM VENTILATION = 26.2
T R A N S . GA IN - EX C EPT W A LLS & R OOF

SWINGING
ALL GLASS SQ. FT. x x 0.00 REVOLV ING CFM /PERSON = 0
PARTITION SQ. FT. x x 0.00 IN F IL- OPEN DOORS 0 0 CFM /DOOR = 0
CEILING SQ. FT. x x 0.00 T R A T ION EXHAUST FAN 0
FLOOR 80 SQ. FT. x 52.8 x 0.22 929.28 CRACK 0 0 CFM /FEET = 0
INFILTRATION CFM x x 0.00 CFM INFILTRATION = 0
C F M OU T D OOR A IR T HR U OPER A T ION = 26.2 CFM

IN T ER N A L HEA T
A PPA R A T U S D EW POIN T
PEOPLE 2 PEOPLE 195 390.00 EFFECTIVE 2560.21 EFFECTIVE ROOM SENS. HEAT
=
POWER HP OR kW 0.00 ESHF SENS. HEAT 3093.7137 EFFECTIVE ROOM TOTAL HEAT
LIGHTS 20 WATTS 3 x 1 85.00 ESHF = 0.83
APPLIANCES ETC. 190 0.5 95.00
ADDITIONAL HEAT GA INS 0.00 ADP INDICATED ADP SELECTED ADP = F
SUB TOTAL 2 3 11.3 6
STORAGE SQ. FT x 0.00 ) 0.00 D EHU M ID IF IED A IR QU A N T IT Y
SUB TOTAL 2 3 11.3 6 T EM P R ISE ( 1 - BF) 0 F) =
SAFETY FACTOR 0.1 231.14
R OOM SEN SIB LE HEA T 2542.50
D EHU M C F M E FFE CT I V E ROOM SE NS. HE A T = CFM da
1.08 x
SUPPL SUPP OU T LET ROOM SENSIBLE HEAT
= F(rm-outlet)
Y LY FAN T EM P D IF F 1.08 x
+ +
DUCT DUCT H.P.
% % %
HEAT LEAK 0.00
CFM F
OUTDOOR AIR 26.2 6.26 0.1 x 1.08 17.71
x x SU PPLY A IR QU A N T IT Y
EF F EC T IV E R OOM SEN SIB LE HEA T 2 56 0 .2 1
LATENT HEAT 2542.5 ROOM SENSIBLE HEAT
SU PPLY C F M = 183.920 CFM sa
1.08 x 12.8
INFILTRATION CFM Gr/lb x 0.00
PEOPLE 2 PEOPLE 195 390.00 D EHU M C F M - = CFM da
STEAM LB-HR 0.00
APPLIANCES ETC. 190 0.5 95.00
ADDITIONAL HEAT GA INS 0.00 R ESU LT I N G EN T . & LV G C ON D IT ION S A T A PPA R A T U S
VAPOR TRANS SQ. FT x 0.001 x Gr/lbs
x 0.00 ED B Trm F+ CFM oa F - Trm Tedb F
SUB TOTAL 485.00 0.00 CFM
SAFETY FACTOR 0.1 48.50 LD B Tadp 0 F+ BF F - Tadp 0 Tldb F
R OOM LA T EN T HEA T 533.50
SUPPLY DUCT LEAKA GE % FROM PSYCH. CHART: F F
CFM BF
OUTDOOR AIR
x Gr/lbs x 0.00
EF F EC T IV E R OOM LA T EN T HEA T 53 3 .50 GTH
RC = = 0.3514 tons
EF F EC T IV E R OOM T OT A L HEA T 3 0 9 3 .71 12000
OUTOOOR AIR HEAT
SQ. FT TOTAL AREA 180 sq. ft
= = 512.26
SENSIBLE 26.2 CFM x 6.26 F x ( 0.9 BF) x 1.08 159.42 LB RC 0.3514 ton
LATENT 26.2 CFM x 60.09 Gr/lbs x ( 0.9 BF) x 0.68 963.51
RETU RE HP SUB TOTAL 1122.93
RN + TU + PUM DENU
+ 0.00
DUCT % RN % P M %
GR A N D T OT A L HEA T 4 2 16 .6 4
B.2 Computation of Heat Load (without geothermal cooling)
Outside Conditions:
Temperature: 34.11 C or 93.4 F
%RH = 60%
Room Conditions (desired):

Temperature: 27 C or 80.6 F
%RH = 60%
Room Conditions (hygrometer):

Temperature: 33.4 or 92.12 F
%RH = 60%
Room Dimension:
Length = 7 feet
Width = 8 feet
Height = 9 feet
Windows and Doors:

South Window: Length x Height
(4 ft x 4 ft) = 16 ft2
North Window: Length x Height

(4 ft x 4 ft) = 16 ft2
East Door: Width x Height

(4 ft x 4 ft) + (7ft x 3ft) = 37 ft2
Glass factor = 1.00 from Table 16, page 52; Carrier System Design Manual
Exposure Sun Gain for the Month of April
South 14
North 25
Table 6 Equivalent Temperature Difference page 30
Walls:
South Wall: Width x Height
(8 ft x 8 ft) (16 ft2) = 48 ft2
East Wall: Length x Height

(10 ft x 8 ft) (21 ft2) = 59 ft2
West Wall: Length x Height

(10 ft x 8 ft) = 80 ft2
North Wall: Width x Height

(8 ft x 8 ft) 16ft2 = 48ft2
x 0
1 ( in. thick), Concrete (Sand and Gravel) from Table 25, page 69; Carrier System Design
~ p z/
Manual
z
Wall factor = 0.26 for in insulation board from Table 25, page 69; Carrier System Design
+
Manual
Exposure x Sun Time (2pm)

Weight of Wall (
~ p
South x 1.5
1~ p
East x 0.6
1
~ p
West x 1
1~ p
North x 0.5
1
~ p
Table 19 Equivalent Temperature Difference page 62
Roof:
Length x Width
(10 ft x 8 ft) = 80 ft2
x 0
2 ~ p (z/ in. thick), Sheet Metal from Table 28, page 72; Carrier System Design Manual
z
Roof factor = 0.26 for + in insulation board from Table 28, page 72; Carrier System Design
Manual
x
Sun Gain (roof) = 6.4 from Table 20 at 2 ~ p(Exposed to sun), page 63; Carrier System Design
Manual
Floor:
(Length x Width)
(10 ft x 8 ft) = 80 ft2
x 0
7 ~ p (| in. thick), plywood from Table 29, page 73; Carrier System Design Manual
Factor = 0.22 for no insulation Table 29, page 73; Carrier System Design Manual
Heat Gain = (Area, sq. ft.) x (U value) x (outdoor temp. inside temp 5 F)
Heat Gain = (80 ft2) x (0.22) x (86 F 78 F 5 F)
Heat Gain = 52.8
Internal Heat:
People: Apartment/Hotel = 0.5(Table 14, page 38) x 390(Table 48, page 100) = 195
Appliances Quantity Wattage Time of use per Days per month of consumption
day
Lights 1 32 6 30
Television 1 110 10 30
19
Electric Fan 1 80 12 30
14
Factor = 0.5 (recommended value) table 50, page 101; Carrier System Design Manual
49
PSYCHROMETRIC
Voa = 14.4167
Enthalpy at saturation, Btu per pound of dry air Grains of moisture Pounds of moisture
48
CHART
Norm al Tem perature
per pound of dry air per pound of dry air
47

I-P Units 0.35
SEA LEVEL 180
46
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 in. HG .025
45
170
WBoa=81.9
44
.024
43
.023 0.40
160
42
80
.022
41
150
40
OA .021
0.45
V rm= 13.9062
39
140 .020
38
14.5
37
75 .019 0.50
B.3Psychrometric Chart
130
36
Btu
9 0%
.018
-0.1
35
0.55
120
34
.017
tu
33
80%
WBrm=70.2
0.60
70 .016
-0 .2 B
110
32
0.65
31
.015
%
MIXTURE 0.70
30
100
70
ROOM .014
0.75
29
65
26
.013
28
1
90 0.80
4.0
%
0.85
25
27
60
.012 0.90
VOL
24
80 0.95
UM E
60
.011 1.00
23
- CU
2Btu

22
%
-.0
.FT.
tu
50 70 .010 Sensible
4B
P ER
-.0
21
Heat
Btu
55
.009 Factor
18
LB. D
20
-.06
Btu
60
RY A
17
19
-.08
%
IR
40 .008
50
16
13.5 50
.007
15
45
14
3 0% .006
40
13
40
11
.005
-0.3 Btu - Enthalpy deviation Btu per pound of dry air
12
35
10
30
2 0% .004
9
13.0
30
Btu
8
0 .1 .003
25 20
Btu
7
0 .2 MIDITY
IVE H U
Wet-Bulb Btu 10% REL AT .002
12.5
Dewpoint or 0.3

Saturation 10
Btu
Temperature F 0 .4 .001
0
.000
Dry-Bulb

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110
Temperature F
Below 32 F, properties and enthalpy dev iation lines are for ice. Chart by: HANDS DOWN SOFTWARE, www.handsdownsoftware.com
DBrm=80.6
DBoa=93.4
DBmx=81.84
Dewpoint=66.8
C. Pictures of the Geothermal Cooling System
C.1 outside View of House (Without the Damper System)
C.2 Excavation of Soil
i
C.3 Fabricated Piping System (Heat Exchanger)
C.4 Mounting of piping system to Centrifugal Air Blower
i
C.5 Discharge Pipe and Suction Pipe (Centrifugal Air Blower at Suction Pipe)
C.6 Installation of Damper System and Thermostat Control for Centrifugal Air Blowers Single
Phase Motor and Actuator of Damper System
i
REFERENCES:
[1] Geothermal Energy last modified August 18, 2011, http://www.geothermalenergy.org/

[2] Geothermal Heating and Cooling last modified 2009,
http://fli.hws.edu/pdf/GEOTHERMAL%20HEATING%20AND%20COOLING.pdf
[3] Location of Philippines to equator last modified 2010,
http://sdwebx.worldbank.org/climateportalb/doc/GFDRRCountryProfiles/wb_gfdrr_climate_
change_country_profile_for_PHL.pdf
[4] Improper disposal of an air conditioning unit last modified August 19, 2010,
http://www.epa.gov/ozone/title6/608/disposal/household.html
[5]Guidelines on Energy Conserving Design on Building last modified 2010
http://www.doe.gov.ph/pelmatp/Guidelines_on_Energy_Conserving_Design_on_Buildings_(
v._2008).pdf
[6] Relative humidity last modified 2011, http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/insidestory.html
[7] Humidity Control last modified 2010,
http://www.weather.com/activities/health/allergies/mold/control_humidity.html
[8] Electric Bill last modified 2011, http://www.geothermalenergy.org
[9] Philippine Weather last modified 2008,
http://www.internationalcircuit.com/philippines/weather.html
[10] Soil Temperature last modified 2002,
http://www.usyd.edu.au/agric/ACSS/sphysic/temperature.html
[11] Soil Temperature last modified 2006,
http://www.geo4va.vt.edu/A1/A1.htm
[12] Earth Temperature and Site Geology last modified 2006,
http://www.geo4va.vt.edu/A1/A1.htm
[13] Air properties last modified 1999,
http://www.arca53.dsl.pipex.com/index_files/propair.htm
[14] Principles of Heat Transfer last modified 2006,
http://www.vesma.com/tutorial/hr_principles.htm
[15] Definition of Dependent Variable last modified 2012,
http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryglossary/g/Definition-Of-DependentVariable.htm
[16] Heat Transfer last modified 1998,
i
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heatra.html
[17] Heat Conduction last modifies 1998,
http://physics.info/conduction/
[18] Heat Convection last modified 1999,
http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_tech/node76.html
[19] Temperature and Humidity last modified 2007,
Conceptual Physics C. Donald Ahrens
[20] Fluid Flow last modified 2012,
http://www.toolingu.com/definition-570210-31848-fluid-flow-rate.html
[21] Geothermal Energy last modified 2012,
http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/tech/geothermal-energy
[22] How Does Geothermal Energy Work for Heating and Cooling? last modified 2009,
http://www.all-energy-solutions.com/how-does-geothermal-energy-work.html
[23] Passive House last modified 2012,
http://www.passivehouse.com/English/PassiveH.HTM
[24] "Geothermal Heating & Cooling systems" last modified 2005,
http://welldrillingschool.com/courses/pdf/geothermal.pdf
[25] "Geothermal Heating and Cooling Introduction"last modified 2001,
http://fli.hws.edu/pdf/GEOTHERMAL%20HEATING%20AND%20COOLING.pdf
[26] "geothermal heat pump design manual"last modified 2002,
http://www.mcquay.com/mcquaybiz/literature/lit_systems/AppGuide/AG_31-
008_Geothermal_021607b.pdf
copyright @ 2002 McQuay International
[27] "Air Conditioning Air Flow Rates"last modified 2005,
http://www.arca53.dsl.pipex.com/index_files/airflow.htm
[28 ] Geothermal Source Heat Pump; Length Computation last modified
2009http://www.retscreen.net/download.php/ang/479/0/Textbook_GSHP.pdf, pg.49
[29] PavelKopeck Designof Earth-to-Air Heat Exchangers last modified 2009

http://www.cideas.cz/free/okno/technicke_listy/3tlven/TL06EN_1213-2.pdf, pg.1
[30] Carrier handbook Part 1 carrier load estimating
[31] C.P. Arora Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, Comfort Cooling, pg. 451-455
i
[32] AndrisAuliciems and Steven V. Szokolay Thermal Comfort Effective Temperature, pg.
24 last modified 2009, http://www.scribd.com/doc/74707001/4/Basic-psychrometry/
[33] J.P. Holman, Heat transfer Table A-5: Properties of air at atmospheric pressure, pg. 649
[34]McQuay Geothermal Heat Pump computation/pg.36

[35] J.P. Holman Heat Transfer Overall Heat transfer eq. (10-2) pg. 554
[36] J.P. Holman Heat Transfer Overall heat transfer pg. 554; last modified 2009
http://cmrt.centrale-marseille.fr/cpi/ever09/documents/papers/re7/EVER09-paper-166.pdf; pg
116
[37]Convective heat transfer coefficient h value of air,last modified

http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/convective-heat-transfer-d_430.html
[38] Total Resistance last modified 2007http://cmrt.centrale-

marseille.fr/cpi/ever09/documents/papers/re7/EVER09-paper-166.pdf; pg.80
[39] Black Iron pipe data; pipe handbook, pg. 60
[40] J.P. Holman 8th Ed Heat Transfer Thermal Conductivity of pipes; p. 638;
[41]Frank Incropera 6th Ed Introduction to Heat transfer by Frank Incropera August 28, 2005
page 645.
[42] Thermal Cinductivity, k value for clay and sand last modified 2009,
learn.greeanlux.org/packages/clear/thermal/buildings/building
fabric/properties/conductivity.html
[43] Pressure drop, last modified 2009

http://www.thermexcel.com/english/ressourc/pdcline.htm
[44] J.P. Holman Heat transfer Table A-5: Properties of air at atmospheric pressure, pg. 649
[45] Roughness coefficient last modified 2009 http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/surface-

roughness-ventilation-ducts-d_209.html
[46] Thermal conductivity last modified 2009; http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/thermal-

conductivity-d_429.html
[47] Specific heat capacity last modified 2008 http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/specific-

heat-solids-d_154.html
i
[48] Damping depth last modified 2009;
http://soilphysics.okstate.edu/software/SoilTemperature/document.pdf
[49] Soil temperature last modified 2001;

http://soilphysics.okstate.edu/software/SoilTemperature/document.pdf
[50] Length formula last modified 2008

008_Geothermal_021607b.pdf, pg 8.
[51]Length Formula last modified 2007

http://www.retscreen.net/download.php/ang/479/0/Textbook_GSHP.pdf, pg.49
[52] Geothermal Heat Exchange last modified 2008

http://www.retscreen.net/download.php/ang/479/0/Textbook_GSHP.pdf, pg.14
[53] CIDEAS Computation of length NTU

methodhttp://www.cideas.cz/free/okno/technicke_listy/3tlven/TL06EN_1213-2.pdf, pg.1
[54] Soil Temperature McQuay Geothermal Heat Pump Design Manual: last modified 2008

Design Fabrication and Installation of An Open Loop Geothermal Cooling System For A Residential House Application

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Design Fabrication and Installation of An Open Loop Geothermal Cooling System For A Residential House Application

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Design, Fabrication and Installation of an Open-

Loop Geothermal Cooling System for a

School of Mechanical Engineering

Mapua Institute of Technology

of the Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering

Manansala, John Luigi T.

Villarosa, Alan Daniel B.

July 13, 2012

assistance in the preparation and completion of this study.

Dean of The School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Engr. Jonathan

throughout the completion of the whole course.

This undergraduate thesis focuses on the evaluation of the open-loop geothermal

possible alternative for an air-conditioning system.

cooling system. It lessened the room temperature with an approximate value of 2C

geothermal cooling system having a computed cost of P571.809.00 than an air-

conditioning system having a computed cost of P964.768.00.

brought by a conventional air-conditioning system to control a room temperature regardless of

lesser electrical cost.

groups priority to be considered (United States Environmental Protection Agency 2010).

1.2 Statement of the Problem

system to provide a comfort cooling in the conditioned room instead of an air-conditioning

the system and minimize its electricity consumption.

geothermal cooling system in the Philippines.

Mechanical Code that is between 23 C and 27 C or in accordance with local regulations.

The group achieved the following objectives:

1.3.1 General Objective

a controlled room for residential house application.

1.3.2 Specific Objectives

The group aimed the following objectives:

1.3.2.1 Select a site that is suitable for geothermal cooling

1.3.2.2 Measure and evaluate room and ambient temperature

1.3.2.4 Select and install a centrifugal air blower

1.3.2.5 Install thermostat control system in centrifugal air blower

1.3.2.6 Fabricate and install a damper with an actuator controlled by a thermostat

for automatic cut off/cut on

1.3.2.8 Evaluate the performance of the system

1.3.2.9 Identify the economic benefits of the study

time of operation automatically.

conditioning unit operational cost which is approximately 25% only.

references and recommendations.

1.5 Scope and Limitations

more on the conditioned room temperature and not on relative humidity.

will be risks and precautions

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Review of Related Studies

The paper determines the compliance requirements in relation to energy

given climate location.

illnesses inside the built environment.

Conditioner (Tanatvanit 2009)

The paper presents an experiment of a modified air conditioner with a capacity of

heat pump (Givoni, and Katz, 1985).

condensing coil lengths. The electrical consumption of Modified Air Conditioner

conditions. The values that yielded are presented in Table 2-1.

modified air conditioner compared to that of condenser air conditioner.

Flow rate of R-134a (kg/s) COP

length of coils is longer, the higher the value of COP.

2.1.3 Development of an Earth-Coupled Air-conditioning System for Residential

Application (Abracia, Dizon et al. 2009)

ambient air by using a return duct.

ambient temperature of 3 C to 8 C. It maintained a room temperature of 24 C to 26 C.

Open Loop Systems (Williams Jr. and Sveter 2010)

the soil to be cooled or heated.