PERSIAPAN OSK BIOLOGI

SMAN 1 KLUET SELATAN

BIOLOGI SEL DAN
MOLEKULER
 Electrophoresis is the term used to describe the movement of ions in an applied
electrical field. DNA molecules are negatively charged, migrating through an
agarose gel towards the anode at a rate that is dependent upon molecular size
smaller, compact DNA molecules can pass through the sieve-like agarose matrix
more easily than large, extended fragments.
 Struktur DNA

Right handed (berpilin ke Left handed (berpilin ke

kanan) kiri)

DNA A DAN DNA B DNA Z

MAJOR GROOVE MINOR GROOVE

(CELAH BESAR) (CELAH KECIL)
No Karakteristik DNA A DNA B DNA Z
1. Bentuk Tebal dan Lebih tipis dan Susunannanya
pendek panjang zig-zag

2. Kepadatan Rendah Tinggi Sangat tinggi

3. Diameter 2,2 nm 2 nm 1,8 nm
4. Pasang basa (bp) 11 bp 10 bp 12 bp
/putaran
GENETIKA
MUTASI
ANATOMI DAN
FISIOLOGI TUMBUHAN
 KONTROL GENETIK
PERBUNGAAN
Our understanding of the genetic control of flower development has been greatly
advanced through the study of mutations that change floral part, or floral organ,
identity. Such mutations, which result in the formation of the wrong organ in the wrong
place, are called homeotic mutations.
Mutations of floral organ homeotic genesgenes affecting floral organ identity have
been studied most intensively in snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) and Arabidopsis
thaliana.
 On that basis, a genetic modelthe ABC modelwas proposed to account for the
identity of the four whorls of the typical eudicot flower.The expression of class A genes
alone determines the development of sepals; class A + B specify petals; class B + C,
stamens; and class C alone, carpels.
 Development of the ABC model contributed greatly to our understanding of floral
development. The model has recently been expanded to include five gene classes
(A, B, C, D, E) and is therefore known as the ABCDE model of flower development.

According to the ABCDE model, class A + E genes specify sepals; class A + B + E,

petals; class B + C + E, stamens; class C + E, carpels; and class C + D + E, ovules
(OSK 2015)
(OSK 2013)
(IBO 2013)
(IBO 2013)
EKOLOGI
STRUKTUR UMUR
Struktur umur adalah jumlah individu pada masing-masing umur yang berbeda.
Membandingkan struktur umur pada populasi manusia dapat memberikan informasi
tentang kondisi sosial di suatu daerah/negara..
KURVA KETAHANAN HIDUP
Survivorship is the chance that an individual member of a given population will live
to a particular age. Gathering data on survivorship can help ecologists understand the
dynamics of a population over time. Such data may be presented as a survivorship
curve, a graph showing the percentage of individuals alive at each age, with the age
often expressed as a percentage of the life span.
DENSITAS DAN PENYEBARAN POPULASI
One important measure to ecologists is the population density, the number of
members of a species per unit area or volume of the habitat. Population density
varies over time as individuals enter (via birth or immigration) and leave (via death
or emigration). The size of the population may be counted directly (the number of
ferns in a forest, for example) or estimated indirectly (for example, by counting
some sample areas and then extrapolating to the total habitat). Population
ecologists also record the dispersion pattern, the way individuals are spaced within
a habitat.
MODEL PERTUMBUHAN POPULASI
The size of a populationa group of individuals of the same species that may interact
in the same habitatchanges over time. Although some population sizes remain
relatively constant over time, others change dramatically. Population ecologists have
developed idealized models that can be used to predict and explain changes in
populations in the real world.
FAKTOR PEMBATAS
As a population approaches the carrying capacity, its growth slows due to limiting
factors in the environment. Two broad categories of limiting factors are found in the
natural world.