GAZI UNIVERSITY

ENGINEERING FACULTY
DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
2010-2011 SPRING TERM ENM206 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
FINAL EXAM

02.01.2012
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total
Name Surname:
Student No:

(15p)1) If cos(x + y) is an integrating factor for the dierential equation ydx + [y + tan(x + y)]dy = 0;then
nd the solution of the dierential equation.

Answer 1) Multiplying the both side of the equation by integrating factor we get
y cos(x + y)dx + [y + tan(x + y)] cos(x + y)dy = 0
y cos(x + y)dx + [y cos(x + y) + sin(x + y)]dy = 0
Then we check, it is exact or not
@M
@y
= cos(x + y) y sin(x + y);
@N
@x
= cos(x + y) y sin(x + y)
@M @N
Because of @y
= @x
is satised. Then , the equation is exact type..
Acording to the solution technique,
R
u = y cos(x + y)dx + (y)
u = y sin(x + y) + (y)
0 0
y cos(x + y) + sin(x + y) = sin(x + y) + y cos(x + y) + (y) ) (y) = 0; (y) = c1
Hence, solution is c = y sin(x + y) + c1 ) c = y sin(x + y)

(15p)2) Use the successive iteration method of approximation on the following initial value problem for
two steps;
(
dy
= x2 + y 2
dx and nd the numerical values of y2 (0:1) , y2 (0:2):
y(0) = 1
R 3
Answer 4) y1 (x) = y0 + (x2 + 1)dx = 1 + x + x3
R 3 R 3 x6
R
y2 (x) = 1 + x2 + (1 + x + x3 )2 dx = 1 + [x2 + (1 + x)2 + 2(1 + x) x3 + 9
]dx = 1 + (x2 + 1 +
3 4 6
2x + x2 + 2 x3 + 2 x3 + x9 )dx
y2 (x) = 1 + x + x2 + 23 x3 + 16 x4 + 2 5
15
x + 1 7
63
x
y2 (0:1) = 1:110684669 ;
y2 (0:1) = 1:245642870:

(20p)3) y1 (x) = x4 (x > 0) is a solution to the dierential equation y 00 x1 y 0 x82 y = 0; nd another solution
of the equation and show that they are linearly independent solutions.
Answer 3) y = y1 u substitution reduces the dierential equation to rst order equation, where
y = x4 u;
y 0 = 4x3 u + x4 u0 ;
y 00 = 12x2 u + 8x3 u0 + x4 u00 ;
Substituting the above equations into the dierential equation we get,
1 8 4
12x2 u + 8x3 u0 + x4 u00 x
(4x3 u + x4 u0 ) x2
xu = 0;
12x2 u + 8x3 u0 + x4 u00 4x u2
x 3 u0 8x2 u = 0;
7x3 u0 + x4 u00 = 0;assu ming x 6= 0 then, we obtain the following dierential equation. ;
u00 + x7 u0 = 0: Letting u0 = w; u00 = w0 ;therefore, we get w0 + x7 w = 0: Solving
this equation gives, w = ce 7 ln x . It means w = xc7 : Inserting w = u0 and letting c = 1 we obtain
another rst order equation u0 = x17 :Solving this equation yields,
u = 6x16 + c1 : Assuming again c1 = 0, we get u = 6x16 : Substitution this result in y = ux we
nd y = 6x12 :This is the second linearly independent solution of the dierential equation.. The
wronskien determinant of W (x; x12 ) 6= 0 is dierent from zero if x 6= 0: Therefore, these solutions
are linearly independent.
d y 3 2
d y dy
(20p)4) Solve the dierential equation x3 dx3 4x2 dx2 + 8x dx 8y = 4 ln x.

Answer 4) This equation is Euler equation and substitution y = et reduces the equation to linear equation
with constant coe cents. Therefore, (D(D 1)(D 2) 4D(D 1) + 8D)y = 4t where
d
D= dt
:Hence,
(D3 7D + 14D 8)y = 4t: This is the linear equation correspond to y 000
2
y 00 + 14y 8y = 4t:
Solving this equation gives,
yc = c1 et + c2 e2t + c3 e4t and yp = 21 t 7
8
:Hence, the general solution of the original equation is
given as by the substitution t = ln x;
1 7
y = c1 x + c2 x2 + c3 x4 2
ln x 8

d2 y dy
(15p)5) Solve the dierential equation 2 + y = ex ln x
dx2 dx
Answer 5) Solution of the homogeneous part is yc = c1 ex + c2 xex : In order to nd yp solution we need to use
the method variation of parameters. Hence, solving the following equations we get,
c01 (x)ex + c02 (x)xex = 0
c01 (x)ex + c02 (x)(ex + xex ) = ex ln x
x2 x2
c02 (x) = ln x; therefore c2 (x) = x ln x x and c01 (x) = x ln x and c1 (x) = 2
ln x + 2
x2 x 2
Consequently, the general solution is written as y = c1 ex + c2 xex 2
e ln x + x2 ex + ex (x ln x x)
d2 y
dt2
+ y = et sin t
(15p)6) Solve the initial value problem
y(0) = 1; dy(0)
dt
=2

Answer 6) yh = c1 cos t + c2 sin t

yp = et (A sin t + B cos t)
yp0 = et (A sin t + B cos t) + et (A cos t B sin t)
yp00 = et (A sin t + B cos t) + 2et (A cos t B sin t) et (A cos t + B sin t)
et (A sin t + B cos t) + 2et (A cos t B sin t) et (A cos t + B sin t) + et (A sin t + B cos t) = et sin t
 et ((2A + B) cos t + (A 2B) sin t) = et sin t
A = 15 ; B = 2
5
yp = et ( 15 sin t 2
5
cos t)
yg = yc + yp = c1 cos t + c2 sin t + et ( 15 sin t 2
5
cos t)
Applying the initial conditions,
2 7
1 = c1 5
) c1 = 5
1 11
2 = c2 + 5
) c2 = 5
y = 75 cos t + 11
5
sin t + et ( 15 sin t 2
5
cos t)

P.S: Time limit for the exam is 100 minutes.You answer only ve questions.
Good Luck
Assoc.Prof.Dr.Fatma AYAZ