Cornell Notes Topic/Objective: Genetics and DNA Name: Jocelyn Hernandez

Class/Period: 5
Date: 2/12/17
Essential Question: How did Mendel help us to study genetics through hybrid crosses

Questions: Notes:
Genetics

Can something be both Mendal: Father of genetics worked with pea plants. Saw patterns.
dominant and recessive?
` Phenotype: whatever the letter stands for.
Genotype: SS (dominant) Ss (Allele) ss (recessive)
3 types: Homozygous Heterozygous Homozygous

P Generation (true-breeding parents)

F1 Generation (hybrids)
F2 Generation (ratio)

Mendels Law of Segregation:

Mendels law of segregation states that the 2 alleles of
How do you find each gene pair separate into different gamesters (egg or
out if something is sperm) as these are formed prior to reproduction.
dominant or
recessive? Law of Dominance:
If two alleles at a locus differ, then one (the dominant
allele) determines the organisms appearance, and the
other (the recessive).

Example:

Whats the Phenotype Genotype

difference between Purple PP 1
both laws? 3 Purple Pp
Purple Pp 2
1 White pp 1
Ratio 3: 1 Ratio 1: 2: 1

Summary: Mendel helped us study genetics through hybrid crosses by identifying the phenotypes and genotype.
Phenotype is the trait of a living thing. For example, it could be a mom with
blue eyes and a dad
with brown eyes. A genotype is either homozygous or heterozygous, also
dominant, recessive or
allele. Going back to the example, if the mom is dominant and the father is
recessive and they have
a kid, the kid is most likely going to have blue eyes due because the mom is
dominant and dominant wins over recessive. Mendel helped us study the
genetics through hybrid crosses by determining the phenotype and genotype.
Questions: Notes:
Monohybrid Crosses

Homozygous Recessive (dd) Homozygous Dominant (DD)

Which is better to Homozygous Recessive (dd) Homozygous Dominant (DD)
be out of all the
genotypes? Homozygous Dominant (DD)
Heterozygous (Dd)

Heterozygous (Dd) Homozygous Recessive (dd)

Heterozygous (Dd) Heterozygous (DD)

Homozygous dominant (DD) There are 6 possibilities for

Homozygous Recessive (dd) parents genotypes to be combined.

Whats the Incomplete and Co-Dominance

difference between
an incomplete Incomplete Dominance: neither allele is more dominant than the other
dominance and co-
dominance? It looks like somewhere in between the two.
Ex: Red flower x White Flower = Pink Flower

Co-Dominance: both alleles contribute equally to the phenotype

It looks like dots or spots.

Ex: Red flower x White Flower Red and White flower

If something is Co-dominant, then there will be multiple phenotypes.

Why is it important Incomplete dominant will be blended phenotype.
to do a punnet
square? Red- RR R B
Blue- BB R RR BR Red- 1
Spotted- RB B RB BB Blue- 2
Spotted- 1
Summary: Mendel also helped us study the genetics through hybrid crosses by incomplete and co-dominance.
Incomplete dominance is neither the allele is more dominant than the other. Which basically means that both
traits are blended and there is neither both traits of the maker. Co-Dominance is when both alleles contribute
equally to the phenotype. Its either spotted or dotted with both the traits of the maker. If something is Co
Dominance then there will be multiple phenotypes, if there is incomplete dominance then there will be blended
phenotypes. This is how Mendel helped us study the genetics through hybrid crosses by putting the phenotypes
and genotypes together created whatever trait.