Professional Documents
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4-stroke engines
Radovan MARIN
Author
Radovan Marin
General Automobile Engineer
British Institute of Engineering Technology
Aldermaston College
Reading, England
Reviewer
Dr. sc. Darko Biljakovi
Editor
and
graphic design
Radovan Marin
Publisher
d.o.o.
ZAGREB
Kamaufova 2
www.auto-mart.hr
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R E V I E W
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FOREWORD
Author
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Content:
KNOCK sensor
TPS sensor
MAF sensor MAP sensor
CKP senzor
Crankshaft Position Sensor
Mak
HOT WIRE MAF sensors oper- Unlike VANE sensors, this sen-
ate on the principle of heated wire, sor will recognize the air density.
which is cooled by air flow. The Namely, denser air cools the wire
difference in the wire resistance at more than thin air. In case of
different temperatures will cause denser air, sensor will send
differences in the analog signal stronger signal, just like that
whose value varies between 0 and greater volume of air flows trough
5V. the sensor.
Today's sensors are increasingly
Wire
using alloy metal plates instead of
Sensor wire, and built-in modules in-
stantly converting analog signals
to digital.
Housing
Sensor Connector
Wire
Air
In the upper section of the sketch Above photograph shows the typi-
we see MAF sensor with all its cal modern car sensor with visible
specificities. Air enters the engine electronic plate and module. The
intake manifold through the sen- presented sensor works on the
sor housing. As can be seen on the principle of thermal membrane. At
sketch, a small amount of air is the plastic plate, which is located
flowing through a separate chan- in the middle of the housing, the
nel in the casing. In this section is a membrane is imprinted with the
wire over which air flows. Current metal foil on the bottom and top.
flows through the wire and heats Membrane warms foil plates,
it, while airflow cools it down. In- which react in the same way as the
creasing wire temperature, the re- wire, but far more precise.
sistance increases, and vice versa. Today are also increasingly pre-
Permanent changes in current sent sensors with the so-called cold
flow through the sensor wire, mod- wire. With these sensors, due to air
ule will convert it into Voltage sig- flow induces a voltage, which goes
nals 0-5 V and forward them to the to the ECU in the form of digital
ECU. signals.
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