Professional Documents
Culture Documents
436 Computer
Communication Networks II
Introduction
Goals and Motivation
Focus of the course
Client
? ? ? ?
Server
Goals and Motivation
Focus of the course
Three networking topics
Different types of apps builds on top of
Distributed Systems networks. E.g., multiplayer gaming, video
streaming, video conferencing, etc.
See Blackboard
Roadmap
Goals and Motivation
Network Components
Reference Models
Application Application
Node
Link
Network Components
Parts of a Network
Application Application
Node Host
Host Link
Routers
Network Components
Parts of a Network
Applications Application
Host Host
WiFi (802.11)
global ISP
Ethernet
ISP (Internet Service Provider)
Cable/DSL home
network
Cellular (2G, 3G, 4G) regional ISP
Bluetooth
Telephone
Satellite
Network Components
Reference Models
Protocol X Instance of
Instance of
X X protocol X
protocol X
at peer node
Instance of Protocol Y
lower layer Y Y
protocol Y
Node 1 Node 2
Protocols and Layers
Hi
Hi
Got the
time?
2:00
Protocols and Layers
Protocols talk to each other horizontally: Protocols X at node 1
talks to protocols Y at node 2
Layers talks to each other vertically: Protocol X at the higher layer
talks to protocol Y in the lower layer at node 1 (or node 2)
Protocol X Instance of
Instance of
X X protocol X
protocol X
at peer node
Instance of Protocol Y
lower layer Y Y
protocol Y
Node 1 Node 2
Protocols and Layers
Set of protocols in use is called a protocol stack
Protocols and Layers
Example protocol stack used by a web browser on a host that is
wirelessly connected to the Internet mobile network
Web
Browser global ISP
HTTP
home
network
regional ISP
TCP
IP
802.11
Wireless institutional
network
Medium
Encapsulation
We said that layers are implemented on top of each other,
but we did not talk about how this layering scheme works
HTTP
HTTP
HTTP TCP
TCP
HTTP TCP IP
IP
TCP UDP
IP ARP
Ethernet
???
Demultiplexing
Done with demultiplexing keys in the headers
Incoming
Ethernet IP TCP HTTTP message
Advantage of Layering
Information hiding and reuse
Adds overhead
But minor for a long message
Hides information
App may care whether it is running over wired or
wireless
Roadmap
Goals and Motivation
Network Components
Reference Models
Network Network
Router Link Link
Layer-based Names
For devices in the network:
App App
Proxy or Transport Transport
Middlebox or
Network Network
gateway
Link Link
A Note About Layers
Network Components
Reference Models