Database Analysis and

Design

Augustine Barlow
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Introduction: DatabaseAnalysis
and Design Assignment
Database Analysis and Design Assignment development is fundamental in the area of software
development, Database Management Systems provide the systems, tools and interfaces by which
handles the storage, retrieval, and updating of data in a computer system. Databases offer many
features in areas such as programming, systems analysis, etc.

In this report database architecture, DBMS and the use of databases in an organizational context is
explored. Database design techniques are investigated and will be able to apply theoretical
understanding to design, create and document a database system.

This report includes the answer of all tasks of Database Management Topics and Case Study
implementation of Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method (SSADM).

Task 1 Database Analysis and Design Assignment

Management Systems
Task P1.1 Key Issues of Database
Centralized control of data

Data stored and maintained in a single location is Centralized database. Distributed database is a
database in which data is stored in storage devices that are located in distributed physical location but
its controlled using a central Database Management System. In a centralized database, all the data of
an organization is stored in one location such as a mainframe computer or a server. It is accessible by
remote user through the Wide Area Network (WAN) using the application programs or system provided
to access the data. The centralized database

Able to handle all the requests coming to the system,

since all the data reside in a single place it easier to maintain and back up data and
it is easier to maintain data integrity.

Example:

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Major disadvantages of this type of Database solution:

Network Requirements
Single Point of Failure
Server Scalability
Data Access Speeds

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Integrity: accuracy and correctness of stored data. It is a critical aspect to the design, implementation
and usage of any system which stores, processes, or retrieves data. Business rules specify conditions
and relationships that must always be true or must always be false.

Data Integrity Technique

Designing database application requires guarantee integrity of data stored. Below are the Data Integrity
Techniques

Applying business rules with triggered stored database procedures in database

Stored procedures used to completely control access to data
Applying business rules in the code of a database application
Using Database integrity constraints, which are rules defined at the column or object level to
restrict values in the database.

Types of Data Integrity

The rules that can be applied to table columns to enforce different types of data integrity

Null Rule: this rule defined on a column of table that allows or disallows inserts/updates of rows
having a null as value (in case of empty value) in that column.

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 Unique Column Values: this rule defines on a column (or group of columns) it allows the insert
or update of a row only if it contains a unique value in that column (or group of columns).
Primary Key Values: this defined on a key (a column or group of columns) specifies that each
row in the table can be uniquely identified by the values in the key (a column or group of
columns).

Integrity Rules

1. Domain Rules: Give correct values for domains.

2. Attribute Rules: Give correct values for attributes.
3. Relation Rules: Governing single relations (i.e. Primary keys must be unique and Non-NULL)
4. Database Rules: Governing interrelationships between relations (i.e. Foreign Keys must be
Primary keys and therefore Non-NULL)

Example of Data Integrity

Example shows tables DEPT and EMP:

Table DEPT (DEPTNO, DNAME, LOC)

DNAME column must having unique value.

Table EMP(EMPNO, ENAME, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)

Column ENAME must have value in each row. Column EMPNO must have unique value in each
row. Each value in the DEPTNO column must match a value in the DEPTNO column of the DEPT table.
SAL column value must be lower than 10,000.

Data Redundancy

The repetition of data in the data is known as data Redundancy i.e. same data in more than one field or
table of data, or including a data as a separate. This repetition of the data can cause some anomalies
and distortions results. (SMALLTREE, hannah, 2007)

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