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IOT based power monitoring

Abstract
This paper is described to measure energy consumption
in the house and generate its bill automatically using
telemetric communication. This can help in reducing
energy consumption in house as the owner is
continuously being notified about the number of units
that are consumed. It objective is to generate bill
automatically by checking the electricity units
consumption in a house and in a way to reduce the
manual labour. The calculations are performed
automatically and the bill is updated on the internet by
using a network of Internet of Things. The bill amount
can be checked by the owner anywhere globally. Design
and implementation of project is mainly based on
Arduino using IOT concept. In electricity transmission
human involvement is not required. Consumer pays the
electricity bill for the consumed power. WIFI performs
the IOT operation where and through which the
information is sent to the Web server.
The aim of this paper is to develop a power
consumption monitor for domestic use. It uses an
Arduino, current sensor acs712, esp8266 and cloud
platform as a service to store and analyse data. Our
solution aims at saving power by constantly notifying
the power consumed by the appliances & providing
better insights to user and will help the user to cut
down unmerited power and thus save a lot of resources
and money.
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INTRODUCTION
Overview
We live in a world where almost everything runs on
electricity. 67% of the resources used to produce
electricity are non-renewable sources of energy. And
yet we do not comprehend the seriousness to conserve
our resources as the rate at which we are using them ,
it is estimated that all of earths non-renewable sources
of energy will get exhausted by 2100.
In India, plug load devices in building sectors are
consuming close to 40 percent of the total electricity
consumption. Though the share of plug load in building
energy is increasing, very few studies exist on the plug
level energy usage and consumption. In order to
address the growing energy use of miscellaneous and
electronic load (e.g. water heater), some measures
need to be taken. Hence identifying needs, this project
focuses on designing the devices that have built-in
capability to measure and report the energy use or
receive control input over the network. This study will
help in creating energy awareness devices. Current
sensor measures the current flowing through device
then controller performs necessary calculations on the
data and puts that data on the internet. By measuring
current and voltage, we can analyse energy
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consumption, make the world smarter place and make

better decisions using Internet of Thing.

Objectives
To interface current sensor and LCD with Arduino Pro mini.
To interface Light detector with Arduino
To program in Arduino cc IDE
To establish Wi-Fi communication between client and
server

PROBLEM STATEMENT
Due to industrial growth and urbanization energy is basic need
of our life. It is also known as strategic commodity. Any
vulnerability about its supply of energy can undermine the
working of whole economy, especially in creating financial
aspects. It is the necessity to manage consumption of
electricity due to limited availability of resources. So the aim
should be to recognize and eliminate the misuse of electricity
by figuring out which equipment utilizes how much amount of
electricity. Building sectors are consuming largest electricity in
India
The increasing generation needs empowered gadgets by
wireless technology which includes Bluetooth, Radio Frequency
Identification, Embedded sensors and many more. In that IOT
technology has grown from its beginning and now presently
widely using it. The electricity plays an important role in our
life. Now-a-days as the consumers are increasing rapidly it
became very hard to handle the electricity requirements.
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Without electricity its impossible to survive and also it is

important to save the electricity loss. As the generation is
increases the consumers requirements also increasing so in
accordance with it the technology improvement is needed. So
we developed the system with faster and improved technology
i.e. IOT. The electricity also contains some issues like power
theft. Power theft is a measure crime and it also directly affects
the economy of our country. Transmission, generation and
distribution of electricity include the loss of electricity. To avoid
the losses we need to monitor the power consumption and
losses, so that we can efficiently utilize the generated power.
Meter tempering is part of power theft and also illegal crime
which we can minimize. Billing is a process in general the
human operator goes to every consumers home then providing
bill it will take lot of time. To resolve these issues we developed
system on the base of IOT energy meter reading.
SCOPE AND ORGANISATION
System consists of arduino pro mini microcontroller board, current sensor, led-
ldr assembly, esp8266 Wi-Fi module
LITERATURE REVIEW
Communicating power supply (CPS) includes electricity metering which measures
the power consumption of device, computation, and interaction between the
electronic devices. Smart meter connected to the internet, increases energy
awareness amongst devices and users

This paper [5], aims at improving accuracy of disaggregation algorithm by using

ON/OFF events with smart meter data to calculate energy consumption of
individual devices. Clamp-on current transformer is used in non-intrusive load
monitoring system (NILM) system, for measuring the current consumption. NILM
system has no direct contact with main supply. So it is safer method
Non-invasive inductive current sensing technique [7], is used for current
measurement of plug load devices, without breaking circuit of plug load devices.
Maximum energy is consumed by plug loads in enterprises [8]. To monitor and
control electrical energy of plug loads like HVAC, there are multiple solutions
available such as Building management system but there is no solution to
analyze and trigger automatic action of plug loads in real time
Non-invasive inductive current sensing technique [7], is used for current
measurement of plug load devices, without breaking circuit of plug load devices.
Maximum energy is consumed by plug loads in enterprises [8]. To monitor and
control electrical energy of plug loads like HVAC, there are multiple solutions
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available such as Building management system but there is no solution to

analyze and trigger automatic action of plug loads in real time

CHAPTER 3
ENERGY MONIOTORING OVER IOT

In this new era of internet of things, we can connect the

physical world to the internet. Physical world means
literally everything like machines and appliances which
are used in our jobs and at homes, etc. The things or
objects can be changed into smart things by giving it
unique identity in the world. the objects can share
information and communicate with each other through
web. We can anaylze and control the objects anytime,
anywhere from the corner of the world.
The power of electrical device is calculated by utilizing
intelligent meter and it sends the deliberate
information over the web for monitoring and
commanding the electronic devices. Tremendous
associations over the globe are doing work on smart
meters for enhancing effectiveness of the power use
and into reducing power utilization in different buildings
BLOCK DIAGRAM

BLOCK DIAGRAM EXPLANATION

THE block diagram consists of Arduino pro
microcontroller , an opto coupler module to collect
reading form existing meters, current sensor module to
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measure power from individual loads, a wifi module-

esp8266 to connect to a modem and send your reading
s to adafruit io web service. Microcontroller is the core
component of the project that connects input and outputs of
the devices.
The bill is calculated using the formula as shown below. Bill =
consumed units * 3 + 50
INTERNET OF THINGS
Internet of things has helped many organizational systems to
improve efficiency, increase the speed of processes, minimise
error and prevent theft by coding and tracking the objects.
Computing and communications has its future in the
technological transformation brought by the IOT, rapid
technical innovation in the fields ranging from wireless sensors
to nanotechnology are responsible for the further development
of IOT. Each object will be tagged for identifying, automating,
monitoring and controlling
This paper uses concept of IoT for monitoring and controlling
the system using a public server called MQTT server. It uses an
android app called My MQTT. In this app, one has to subscribe a
topic and publish a message of specific function. The server will
call-back to perform the function. MQTT stands for Message
Queue Telemetry Transport. It is publish/subscribe, extremely
simple and lightweight messaging protocol, designed for
constrained devices and lowbandwidth, high-latency or
unreliable networks. These principles also turn out to make the
protocol ideal of the emerging machine-to-machine (M2M) or
Internet of Things world of connected devices, and for mobile
applications where bandwidth and battery power are at a
premium.
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ARCHITECHTURE OF IOT
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects
devices, vehicles, buildings and other items embedded with
electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity that
enables these objects to collect and exchange data. The IoT
allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across
existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more
direct integration of the physical world into computer based
systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and
economic benefit, when IoT is augmented with sensors and
actuators, the technology becomes an instance of the more
general class of cyber physical systems, which also
encompasses technologies such as smart grids, smart homes,
intelligent transportation and smart cities So, Internet of Things
or IoT is an architecture that comprises specialized hardware
boards, Software systems, web APIs, protocols which together
creates a seamless environment which allows smart embedded
devices to be connected to internet such that sensory data can
be accessed and control system can be triggered over internet.
Also devices could be connected to internet using various
means like Wi-Fi, Ethernet and so on. Furthermore devices may
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not needed to be connected to internet independently. Rather a

cluster of devices could be created (for example a sensor
network) and the base station or the cluster head could be
connected to internet. This leads to more abstract architecture
for communication protocols which ranges from high level to
low level. Most interestingly, these devices must be uniquely
discovered. For unique discovery of the devices in a Network,
they need to have unique IP address. IoT devices essentially
have IPv6 addressing scheme. All these devices have either
fixed or Subnet masked IP addresses of type v6. Unique IP
addresses makes IoT devices discoverable in the internet as
independent node. This is the most important concept to have
in mind to understand IoT.

Software Development
Initial Setups in Arduino IDE Software Step1: Install the Arduino
1.6.7 IDE. Step2: Go to File>>Preferences>>Additional Boards
Manager URLs:
http://arduino.esp8266.com/stable/package_esp8266com_
index.json >>Ok Step 3: Go to Tools>>Boards>>Boards
Manager>> Download the esp8266 by ESP8266 Community
version 2.2.0 Step4: Go to Tools>>Boards>>Generic ESP8266
Module Step5: Go to Tools>>Upload Speed>>11520>>
Port>>choose preferred COM ports.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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Applied current flowing through the ACS712 copper conduction path generates a magnetic field
which the Hall IC converts into a proportional voltage. Device accuracy is optimized through the close
proximity of the magnetic signal to the Hall transducer.
A precise, proportional voltage is provided by the low-offset, chopper-stabilized BiCMOS Hall IC,
which is programmed for accuracy after packaging.

The ACS712 outputs an analog signal, VIOUT that varies linearly with the uni- or bi-directional AC or
DC primary sampled current, IP (between IP+ e IP-) within the range specified.

It requires a power supply of 5V (VCC) and two capacitors to filter power supply and output.
CF is recommended for noise management, with values that depend on the application.

Analog measurement circuit

Our main goal is to measure the power use of electronic equipment. ACS712
current sensor is connected between supply and load to measure the current
flowing through load. This current sensor is based on the principle of hall-effect.
The principle states that whenever current carrying conductor placed in
magnetic field, the voltage is created across its edges perpendicular to the
direction of both current and magnetic field. The voltage generated is called as
Hall voltage which is in microvolt
It is directly proportional to the current and magnetic field. ACS 712 current have
inbuilt signal conditioner and filter circuit stabilizes and amplify the induced Hall
voltage to an appropriate level. The ADC channel of microcontroller reads the
measured current values. The measured data is send to controller for further
calculation.
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Controller
Arduino uno microcontroller is used which is based on ATmegha328. After
receiving measured current data and input voltage from analog measurement
circuit we have to calculate the power. The programming is done in Arduino
software (IDE). This is the open source platform. This board also acts as network
traffic controller. It receives the measured data from sensor and send calculated
data to raspberry pi. The instantaneous output is provided to the current flowing
through the terminals by ACS712. If the current is flowing in positive direction
then ACS712 output voltage increases above Vcc/2 and sensitivity measured is
also positive. But if current is flowing in negative direction then ACS 712 output
voltage decreases below Vcc/2 and sensitivity will be in negative. The 10-bit ADC
microcontroller oscillates total 1024 counts. Microcontroller calculate RMS value
of the current using eq. 2. A potential difference is created across its edges
perpendicular to the directions of both the current and the magnetic field. This
hall voltage is converted to RMS value using following equation