Welcome!

ECE422H1S: Radio and

Microwave Wireless Systems

Prof. Sean Victor Hum

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 Contact Information
Prof. Sean Victor Hum
BA5122
sean.hum@utoronto.ca
http://www.waves.utoronto.ca/prof/svhum

Office hours:
Wednesdays 14:00-15:00
Anytime by appointment

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 References
Lecture notes (posted online)
Recommended:
F. Ulaby et al, Fundamentals of Applied
Electromagnetics, 6th ed., Prentice-Hall, 2010
D. Cheng, Field and Wave Electromagnetics, 2nd ed.,
Addison-Wesley, 1989
D. M. Pozar, Microwave and RF Design of Wireless
Systems, Wiley, 2000
C. A. Lewis, J. T. Johnson, and F. L. Texeira,
Radiowave Propagation: Physics and Applications,
Wiley, 2010
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 Course Website
Course administered through Blackboard
but course materials available directly
online at:
http://www.waves.utoronto.ca/prof/svhum/ece422.html
Important information distributed through
this site
Notes, problem sets, announcements,
Check that you have access

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 Course Grading
Mini-test 1 (to be scheduled) 10 %

Mini-test 2 (to be scheduled) 10 %

Midterm (to be scheduled) 20%

Laboratory Work 20%

Final exam 40%

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 Important Course Information
The quizzes, midterm, and final exam are
closed book
One 8.5x11 aid sheet allowed (type D)

Teaching Assistants
Utkarsh Patel (TUT)
Min Yin (Talia) Xu (PRA)

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 Tutorials / Problem Sets
Tutorials
Weekly 1 hour interactive sessions
Will cover supplementary material to augment/
reinforce lectures
Should be seen as important as attending lectures
Problems sets
Issued weekly, partial solution follows
Since there are no graded assignments, completion is
essential as practice for tests

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 Laboratories
Labs consist of a structured portion and an
unstructured portion
3 structured laboratory experiments
Experiment 1: Basic antenna characteristics
Experiment 2: Antennas arrays
Experiment 3: Radio wave propagation
See schedule for experiments / due dates
Laboratory reports on these experiments due 2
weeks from lab in boxes (4th floor Bahen)
1 report / person
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 Laboratories
PRA01 Wed 12:00-15:00 odd weeks
PRA02 Thu 09:00-12:00 even weeks
PRA03 Wed 12:00-15:00 even weeks

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 Unstructured Laboratories: Build
your own SDR
Assembly and testing can
be done where and when
you wish
Lab access available
during all available PRA
slots
1 report on your SDR
observations due at end
of term
Intermediate versions due
at milestone dates (see
schedule)

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 Unstructured Laboratories: Build
your own SDR

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 Course Schedule
ECE422 Course Schedule 2017 (subject to change)
Lecture Lecture content Date Week of Labs Tests
1 Introductory material / presentation 17-01-10 17-01-09 No labs
2 Review of Maxwell's equations / phasors 17-01-11
3 Review of plane waves 17-01-13
4 Wave polarization, Poynting vector, introduction to radiation problems 17-01-17 17-01-16 SDR
5 Vector potential, introduction to Hertzian dipole 17-01-18
6 Hertzian dipole, far-field, antenna characteristics 17-01-20
7 Dipole near-fields, antenna patterns 17-01-24 17-01-23 SDR
8 Directivity, gain, antenna equivalent circuit 17-01-25
9 Antenna equivalent circuit, half-wave dipole 17-01-27
10 Half-wave dipole, reciprocity 17-01-31 17-01-30 SDR
11 Reciprocity, 2-antenna arrays, pattern multiplication 17-02-01
12 Array factor, case study 1: feeding of antennas 17-02-03
13 Vector effective length, receiving antennas, introduction to radio links 17-02-07 17-02-06 PRA01 Exp. 1
14 Effective area, Friis' transmission formula 17-02-08
15 Friis transmission formula effects 17-02-10 Module A+B due 16:00
16 Polarization loss factor 17-02-14 17-02-13 PRA02 Exp. 1 Mini-test 1
17 Image principle, monopole antenna 17-02-15
18 Monopole, case study: electromagnetic compliance and RF safety 17-02-17
Reading week (no lectures) 17-02-21 17-02-20 SDR (Tse only)
Reading week (no lectures) 17-02-22
Reading week (no lectures) 17-02-24
19 Folded dipole, antenna arrays 17-02-28 17-02-27 SDR
20 Antenna arrays, graphical techniques for plotting AF 17-03-01
21 Generalized array factor 17-03-03
22 Amplitude tapers, continuous array factor 17-03-07 17-03-06 SDR Midterm
23 Aperture antennas 17-03-08
24 Case study: Digital television and antenna arrays 17-03-10
25 Review of boundary conditions 17-03-14 17-03-13 PRA01 Exp. 2
26 Plane earth reflection 17-03-15
27 Knife-edge diffraction 17-03-17 Module C+D due 16:00
28 Knife-edge diffraction (cont'd) 17-03-21 17-03-20 PRA02 Exp. 2
29 Atmospheric refraction 17-03-22
30 Atmospheric attenuation 17-03-24
31 Noise in radio systems, Rayleigh-Jeans law, equivalent noise temperature 17-03-28 17-03-27 PRA01 Exp. 3
32 Noise figure, equivalent noise temperature in cascade systems, NT of passive networks 17-03-29
33 NF Example, antenna noise, g/T ratio 17-03-31
34 Link budgets, satellite systems 17-04-04 17-04-03 PRA02 Exp. 3 Mini-test 2
35 Satellite systems (cont'd), Exp.ample, radar 17-04-05
35 Radar equation, CW radar, pulse radar 17-04-07
36 Radar systems 17-04-11 17-04-10 SDR
37 Case study: Doppler radar 17-04-12 Final SDR report due 16:00

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 Communication Systems
Utilize electromagnetic radiation to carry information

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 Communications Media
Transmission lines Wireless
and waveguides communications
Coaxial cable Optical systems
Twisted pair Ultrasonics
Waveguide SONAR
Optical fiber Microwave and RF

Image courtesy: ESA

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 Wireless Communication Systems
Radio waves are the
most attractive
because of their
propagation
characteristics

THz

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 Select RF System Frequencies
(North America)
Wireless System Operating Frequency (ies)
3G cellular systems
CLR 824-849 MHz; 869-894 MHz
AWS 17101755 MHz
GSM1900 / PCS 18501910 MHz; 19301990 MHz
4G cellular systems
BRS/EBS 2496 2690MHz
700 MHz 698806 MHz
GPS L1: 1575.42 MHz; L2: 1227.60 MHz
WLANs / ISM 902-928 MHz; 2.400-2.484 GHz;
5.725-5.850 MHz
Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) 11.7-12.5 GHz

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 Radio Communication Systems
Wireless systems abound in the modern
age
Classification:
Radiodetermination systems
Fixed services
Mobile services
Space communications
Radio astronomy

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 Radio determination systems
VLF beacons for
navigation at sea
Global positioning
system (GPS)
Wireless localization /
E911 services
Radar
Radio frequency
identification (RFID)
tags Image courtesy: ESA

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 Fixed Services
Radio and television broadcast
Terrestrial: NTSC, ATSC
Satellite: Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS)
Point-to-point microwave links
Wireless LANs and PANs
802.11x, HiperLAN, Bluetooth
Last mile wireless
WiMAX Image couresy: D-Link

Local Multipoint Distribution Systems (LMDSs)

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 Mobile Services
Cellular communications (voice, data)
1980s market firm hired by AT&T to survey potential
US market for cell phones estimated 900,000 users
by 2000
Actual: 60 million (6000% error)
CB / FRS radio
Dispatch systems
Satellite phones
Military communications
Image courtesy: BlackBerry

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 Space Communications
Satellite
communications Image courtesy: NASA/JPL

Earth/space
communications (e.g.
Mars)
Deep space
communications (e.g.
Voyager, New
Horizons)
Remote sensing
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 Other Radio Systems
RADAR Radio Astronomy

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 What you will learn in ECE422
Antennas
Analysis and design
Various antenna types used in industry
Radio wave propagation characteristics
How radio waves interact with the
environment
Analysis and design of wireless links /
systems

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 Antennas

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 Antennas
Courtesy
Raytheon

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 Large Antennas

Arecibo Telescope, Puerto Rico

Square Kilometre Array (SKA)

Australia / South Africa

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 Antennas
Elementary dipoles
Half-wave dipoles, linear antennas
Antenna arrays
Folded dipoles, monopoles
Smart antennas

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 Radio Wave Propagation

Courtesy Intelsat

Courtesy
DRM

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 Radio Wave Propagation
Free space wave propagation
Large scale effects from reflections off the
earth
Diffraction effects
Ionospheric propagation
Atmospheric effects

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 Link/System Design
Courtesy
NRAO/VLA

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 Link/System Design
Link budgets
Noise in radio systems
System applications
Terrestrial wireless communications
Satellite communication systems
RADAR systems
Radio receiver architectures
Software-defined radio (SDR)

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 Case Studies
1. Practical feeding and measurement of
antennas
2. Improving the range of your wireless LAN
3. Over-the-air HDTV in Toronto
4. Electromagnetic Compliance (EMC)
5. Amateur radio satellite communications
(tentative)

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 Part I

Radiation and Antennas

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 Fields from a Charge

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 Fields from an Accelerating Charge

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