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TNG CNG TY LP 98 MY VIT NAM

TRNG CAO NG NGH LIALAMA 1


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GIO TRNH
M un: HN MIG/MAG C BN
M s: M17
NGH HN
Trnh : CAO NG NGH

Ninh Bnh, thng 12 nm 2010

LI GII THIU
2
Trong nhng nm qua, dy ngh c nhng bc tin vt bc c v s
lng v cht lng, nhm thc hin nhim v o to ngun nhn lc k thut
trc tip p ng nhu cu x hi. Cng vi s pht trin ca khoa hc cng ngh
trn th gii, lnh vc c kh ch to ni chung v ngnh Hn Vit Nam ni
ring c nhng bc pht trin ng k.
Chng trnh khung quc gia ngh hn c xy dng trn c s phn
tch ngh, phn k thut ngh c kt cu theo cc mun. to iu kin
thun li cho cc c s dy ngh trong qu trnh thc hin, vic bin son gio
trnh k thut ngh theo cc mun o to ngh l cp thit hin nay.
M un 17: Hn MIG/MAG c bn l m un o to ngh c bin son
theo hnh thc tch hp l thuyt v thc hnh. Trong qu trnh thc hin, nhm
bin son tham kho nhiu ti liu cng ngh hn trong v ngoi nc, kt
hp vi kinh nghim trong thc t sn xut.
Mc du c rt nhiu c gng, nhng khng trnh khi nhng khim khuyt,
rt mong nhn c s ng gp kin ca c gi gio trnh c hon
thin hn.
Xin chn thnh cm n!
Thng 12 nm 2010
Nhm bin son

MC LC
4
mc Trang
I. Li gii thiu 2
II. Mc lc 3
V tr, ngha, vai tr ca m un 4
Mc tiu ca m un 4
Ni dung m un 4
Yu cu nh gi hon thnh m un 5
III. Ni dung chi tit m un

Bi 1: Nhng kin thc c bn kh hn MIG/MAG. 6

Bi 2: Vn hnh my hn MIG/MAG 47

Bi 3: Hn lin kt gc thp cc bon thp v tr hn 1F 98

Bi 4: Hn gip mi thp cc bon thp v tr hn 1G 107

Bi 5: Hn lin kt gc thp cc bon thp v tr hn 2F 117

Bi 6: Hn lin kt gc thp cc bon thp v tr hn 3F 126

IV. Ti liu tham kho 134

M UN: HN MIG/MAG C BN
M s m un: M 17

I. V TR, NGHA, VAI TR CA M UN:


6
Mun Hn MIG/MAG c bn l m un chuyn mn ngh, c b tr
sau khi hc xong cc mn hc k thut c s v m un M13 M16.
L mun c vai tr quan trng, ngi hc c trang b nhng kin thc,
k nng s dng dng c, thit b v k nng hn kim loi bng phng php
hn MIG/MAG .
II. MC TIU CA M UN:
Nu c thc cht, c im v phm vi ng dng ca phng php hn
MIG/MAG.
Trnh by c cu to, nguyn l hot ng, phn loi v cch s dng
cc dng c, thit b hn MIG/MAG.
Nu c cch k hiu, thnh phn ha hc v ng dng ca vt liu hn
MIG/MAG
Gii thch v tnh ton c cc thng s trong ch hn.
u ni, vn hnh thnh tho cc loi thit b dng c hn MIG/MAG.
Chn ch hn ph hp vi chiu dy v tnh cht ca vt liu.
Hn cc mi hn c bn v tr hn 1G, 1F, 2F, 3F m bo yu cu k
thut.
m bo an ton v v sinh cng nghip.
III. NI DUNG M UN:
Thi gian (gi)
S
Tn cc bi trong m un Tng L Thc Kim
TT
s thuyt hnh tra
Nhng kin thc c bn kh hn
1 15 15
MIG/MAG.
2 Vn hnh my hn MIG/MAG 2 1 1
Hn lin kt gc thp cc bon thp v
3 16 2 13 1
tr hn 1F
Hn gip mi thp cc bon thp v tr
4 21 2 18 1
hn 1G
Hn lin kt gc thp cc bon thp v
5 16 2 13 1
tr hn 2F
Hn lin kt gc thp cc bon thp v
6 16 2 13 1
tr hn 3F
7 Kim tra kt thc M un 4 4
IV.YU CU V NH GI HON THNH M UN

1. Kim tra nh gi trc khi thc hin m un:


8
- Kin thc: nh gi qua kt qu ca M16, kt hp vi vn p hoc trc
nghim kin thc hc c lin quan n M17.
- K nng: c nh gi qua kt qu thc hin bi tp thc hnh ca
M17.
2. Kim tra nh gi trong khi thc hin m un:
Gio vin hng dn quan st trong qu trnh hng dn thng xuyn v
cng tc chun b, thao tc c bn, b tr ni lm vic... Ghi s theo di kt
hp nh gi kt qu thc hin mun v kin thc, k nng, thi .
3. Kim tra sau khi kt thc m un:
3.1. V kin thc:
Cn c vo mc tiu mun nh gi kt qu qua bi kim tra vit, kim
tra vn p, hoc trc nghim t cc yu cu sau:
- Thc cht, c im v phm vi ng dng ca phng php hn
MIG/MAG.
- Nguyn l hot ng, trnh t vn hnh cc thit b hn MIG/MAG
- Cch k hiu, thnh phn ha hc v phm vi ng dng ca vt liu hn
MIG/MAG
- Thng s trong ch hn.
3.2. V k nng:
c nh gi bng kim tra trc tip cc thao tc trn my, qua cht lng
ca bi tp thc hnh t cc k nng sau:
- Lp rp, bo dng thit b.
- Tnh ton v tra bng ch hn, chn ch hn.
- Cht lng cc mi hn trong bi tp c bn v tr hn 1G, 1F, 2F, 3F.
- K nng kim tra ngoi dng v sa li mi hn.
3.3 V thi :
c nh gi qua quan st, qua s theo di t cc yu cu sau:
- Chp hnh quy nh bo h lao ng;
- Chp hnh ni quy thc tp;
- T chc ni lm vic hp l, khoa hc;
- thc tit kim nguyn vt liu;
- Tinh thn hp tc lm vic theo t, nhm.

Bi 1: NHNG KIN THC C BN KHI HN MIG,MAG


M bi: 17.1
10
Gii thiu:
Phng php hn MIG/MAG cn c tn gi l hn h quang kim loi
trong mi trng kh bo v hoc tn thng thng l hn dy, hn CO 2.Tn
quc t l GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding), GMAW s dng h quang c
to bi vt hn v dy in cc nng chy.
H quang ny s c bo v bng dng kh tr hoc kh c tnh kh. S
chy ca h quang c duy tr nh cc hiu chnh c tnh ca h quang. Chiu
di h quang v cng dng in hn c duy tr t ng trong khi tc
hn v gc in cc c duy tr bi th hn.
Mc tiu:
Nu c thc cht, c im v phm vi ng dng ca phng php hn
MIG/MAG.
Gii thch c cu to, nguyn l hot ng v phn loi thit b hn
MIG/MAG.
Trnh by c cch k hiu, thnh phn ha hc v ng dngca vt liu
hn.
Phn bit c s ging, khc nhau gia hn MIG v hn MAG
Nu c k thut hn, ch hn
Trnh by y mi nh hng ca qu trnh hn h quang ti sc kho
cng nhn hn.
Nhn bit cc dng khuyt tt trong mi hn khi hn MIG/MAG.
Thc hin tt cng tc an ton lao ng v v sinh phn xng
Ni dung:
1. Nguyn l hot ng v phm vi ng dng ca phng php hn
MIG, MAG
1.1 Nguyn l hot ng:
- Hn MIG/MAG l phng php hn nng chy bng phng php hn
h quang trong mi trng kh bo v. Ngun nhit c cung cp bi h quang
to ra gia in cc nng chy v vt hn. H quang v kim loi nng chy
c bo v khi tc dng ca khng kh mi trng xung quanh bi mt loi
kh hoc hn hp kh tr hoc kh hot tnh cacbonic.

Hnh 17.1 S nguyn l hn MIG/MAG


12

Hnh 17.2 Thit b hn MIG/MAG

Hnh 17.3 H thng thit b hn MIG/MAG


- Ngun in c cung cp bi b phn bin th hn, mt u c ni
vi chi tit, u cn li ni vi dy hn thng qua kp tit in u m. H
quang chy gia dy hn v vt hn, b hn c bo v bng ngun kh ng
chai thng qua h thng ng dn v van c phun ra u m.
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- Dy hn c ng thnh cun ln t trong my hn v chuyn ra lin
tc nh h thng y dy v vy qu trnh hn c lin tc

Hnh 17.4 Cu to b phn cp dy MIG/MAG


- Hn h quang bng in cc nng chy trong mi trng kh hot tnh
c gi l phng php hn MAG (Metal Active Gas) c nhng c im nh
sau:
+ CO2 l loi kh d kim, d sn xut v gi thnh thp.
+ Nng sut hn cao gp 2,5 ln so vi hn h quang tay.
+ Tnh cng ngh ca hn MAG cao hn so vi hn h quang di lp
thuc v n c th tin hnh mi v tr trong khng gian.
+ Cht lng mi hn cao, sn phm hn t b cong vnh do tc hn
ln. Ngun nhit tp trung, hiu sut s dng nhit ln, vng nh hng nhit
hp.
+ iu kin lao ng c ci thin tt hn so vi hn h quang tay v
trong qu trnh hn khng pht sinh kh c.
- Hn h quang nng chy trong mi trng kh bo v chim mt v tr
rt quan trng trong nn cng nghip hin i. N khng nhng c th hn cc
loi thp kt cu thng thng m cn c th hn cc loi thp khng g, thp
chu nhit, thp bn nng, cc hp kim c bit, cc hp kim nhm, Magi,
Niken, ng v cc hp kim c p lc ho hc mnh vi vi xy. Phng php
hn ny c th s dng hn c mi v tr trong khng gian. Chiu dy vt
hn t 0,6 4,8 mm th ch cn hn mt lp m khng phi vt mp. T 1,6
10 mm th hn mt lp c vt mp. T 3,2 25 mm th hn nhiu lp.
- Tu theo loi kh hoc hn hp kh c s dng trong hn h quang
bn t ng ngi ta phn thnh cc loi nh sau:
+ Hn MIG (Metal Inert Gas) kh s dng l kh tr Argon hoc Hli.
Phng php ny thng thng dng hn thp khng g, hn nhm v hp
kim nhm, hn ng v hp kim ng.
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+ Hn MAG (Metal Active Gas) kh s dng l kh hot tnh CO 2 phng
php ny thng dng hn thp cc bon v thp hp kim thp.
1.2 Phm vi ng dng
- Hn MAG c ng dng hn thp cc bon v thp hp kim thp, kh
CO2 c gi thnh thp, nng sut hn cao, d c kh ha v t ng ha, bin
dng chi tit nh; v vy c p dng trong hu ht cc cu hn trong cc
ngnh cng nghip xy dng, giao thng, ng tu...
- Hn MIG c ng dng hn kim loi mu thp khng g, hn
nhm v hp kim nhm, hn ng v hp kim ng, nng sut hn cao, gi
thnh ch to gim.
2 -Vt liu hn MIG, MAG.
2.1- Dy hn
Thng thng dy hn c cc ng knh 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8...
ng thnh cun, bn trong c tang nha lp vo my, trng lng 5 kg,
10kg, 15kg mt s loi c th ng trng lng ln hn. Bn ngoi dy c
trng mt lp phi kim loi bo v, khi vn chuyn c ng trong bao kn
kh v v giy.
2.2- K hiu dy hn

S tng ng ca dy hn theo tiu chun khc nhau


18

Bng 17.18 K hiu dy hn

Bng 17.19 Thnh phn ha hc ca dy hn

2.3- Kh hn
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Gm cc loi CO2 , Ar, He c tinh khit ln hn 98%, c iu ch
bng cch thu trong t nhin nh thit b lm lnh n nhit ha lng sau
thu hi v ng trong chai kh bng thp, dung tch 30 60lit, v ngoi chai
c sn mu xanh v ghi r tn loi kh, p sut khong 150 at. Khi s dng
phi thng qua van gim p gim p sut t p sut trong chai n p sut
lm vic. Do qu trnh thu nhit khi ha hi nn trong b phn van gim p phi
c thit b sy kh m bo ha hi hon ton v tng nhit cho kh.
3. Thit b dng c hn MIG, MAG
1.2 Cu to.
- M hn : gm c cc b phn
Chp kh, u m, l phng kh, tay cm, cng tc, ng ng, cp iu
khin, b phn cch nhit, ng kh

Hnh 17.5 Cu to b phn m hn MIG/MAG

- C cu cp dy hn.
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1- Cun dy, 2- Bp dn hng, 3- Bnh xe p


4- Bnh ch ng, 5 - ng dn dy ra m

C cu 1 cp bnh xe C cu 2 cp bnh xe

Hnh 17.6 Cu to b phn cp dy hn MIG/MAG

- Van gim p v b phn sy nng kh:


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+ Van gim p c tc dng lm gim p sut kh trong bnh a ra my hn
v iu ha p sut theo mt gi tr nht nh do ngi s dng t trong sut
qu trnh hn
+ Lu lng k bit gi tr lu lng kh ra
+ Do kh t chai (lng) i ra ngoi b bc hi nn n thu nhit, v vy b phn
sy kh lm tng nhit cho kh trc khi n tham gia bo v mi hn.
+ Cp kh hoc ngng cp c thc hin bi r le in bn trong my theo
nh ca ngi th.

Hnh 17.7 Cu to b phn cp kh hn MIG/MAG

- B phn iu khin v thit lp ch hn gm cc thng s sau:


+ Dng in hn (Current)
+ in th hn (Voltage)
+ Tc y dy (wire feed speed)
+ Loi dng in xoay chiu, mt chiu, dng xung
+ Ch bt u hot start : Phun kh trc khi ng dng v
chuyn dy, tng dng in ln trong bao nhiu giy
+ Ch the end: tip tc phun kh khi dng in ngt
+ Lp trnh ch hn nhiu v tr bng = > ng => ngang...
+ Lp ch cng tc bm 4 th, 2 th ...
Vi cc my hn hin i c thm chc nng lp trnh, ngi s dng ch
cn a vo 3 iu kin l kim loi hn, chiu dy vt hn, v tr hn my s t
ng lp trnh ti u tit kim thi gian cho ngi s dng. Ngi s dng
c th iu chnh nh, ghi li, ci m s ln sau gi ra s dng
26
28

Hnh 17.8 B phn iu khin hn MIG/MAG

- Xe di chuyn: Dng di chuyn my


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Hnh 17.9 Cu to b phn di chuyn cu my hn MIG/MAG


4- Ch hn.
4.1 Ch hn mi hn gip mi hn mt lp
Trc ht chng ta nghin cu cch xc nh ch hn i vi hn gip
mi mt lp khng vt mp.
Khi xc nh ch hn hn mi hn ny, c th tin hnh theo trnh t
sau y.
4.1.1. Xc nh chiu su chy.
Chiu su chy khi hn pha th nht c tnh theo cng thc:
S
(2 3)
h1= 2 mm (17-1)
Trong :
h1 - chiu su chy pha th nht (mm)
S - chiu dy ca chi tit hn (mm)
4.1.2. ng knh dy hn.
L yu t quyt nh xc nh ch hn nh: in th h quang (Uh),
dng in hn (Ih), chng c nh hng trc tip n nng sut cht lng hiu
qu qu trnh hn. N ph thuc vo chiu dy vt hn, dng lin kt, v tr mi
hn trong khng gian.
32
ng knh dy hn c th tnh theo cng thc:
Ih
j
d = 1,13 (17-3)
Trong :
d - ng knh dy hn (mm)
Ih - cng dng in hn (A)
j - mt dng in trong dy hn (A/mm2)
Mt dng in cho php khi hn t ng v bn t ng cc lin kt
khng, vt mp ph thuc vo ng knh dy hn c th lp trong bng 17.1
d (mm) 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
j (A/mm2) 30- 60 20-55 20-50 15- 40 10- 30
Bng 17.1 Mt dng in hn

ng knh
Vt liu hn Kh hn Dng in hn(A)
dy(mm)
0,8 90%Ar, 10%CO2 155-165
1,0 90%Ar, 10%CO2 175-185
1,2 90%Ar, 10%CO2 215 -225
Thp cc bon v 1,4 90%Ar, 10%CO2 265-275
thp hp kim vi 1,6 90%Ar, 10%CO2 280-290
mt kim loi 1,0 98%Ar, 2%O2 130 -140
1,2 98%Ar, 2%O2 205-215
1,4 98%Ar, 2%O2 240-250
1,6 98%Ar, 2%O2 265-275
1,0 90%Ar, 10%CO2 140-150
Thp cc bon v 1,2 90%Ar, 10%CO2 160-170
thp hp kim vi
1,4 90%Ar, 10%CO2 170-180
nhiu kim loi
1,6 90%Ar, 10%CO2 220-230
0,8 98%Ar, 2%O2 120-130
1,0 98%Ar, 2%O2 140-150
1,2 98%Ar, 2%O2 185-195
Thp khng g 1,6 98%Ar, 2%O2 250-260
Inox 0,8 98%Ar, 2%CO2 130-140
1,0 98%Ar, 2%CO2 200-210
1,2 98%Ar, 2%CO2 145-155
1,6 98%Ar, 2%CO2 255-265

Bng 17.2 ng knh dy hn

4.1.3. Cng dng in hn


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Cn c vo chiu dy vt liu chn s b ng knh dy hn, ri da
vo bng 17.3 xc nh h s khc, sau tnh cng dng in hn theo
cng thc sau:
h1
.100
I = k h (17-2)
h

y: h1 - chiu su chy, tnh theo cng thc (17-1)


kh l h s lm chy ca dng in (tra bng 17.3)
n kh (mm/100A) Kh (mm/100A)
g knh Dng ng Dng in mt
Dng in mt chiu Dng
xoay knh dy chiu
dy xoay
chiu cc hn cc Cc
hn cc nghch chiu
thun thun nghch
2 1,30 1,15 1,45 5 0,95 0.85 1,05
3 1,15 0,95 1,30 6 0,95 - -
4 1,05 0,85 1,15 1,2 - - 2,10
5 0,95 0,75 1,10 1,6 - - 1,75
6 0,90 - -

Bng 17.3 H s lm chy ca dng in kh


4.1.4. Tc hn:
Tc hn ph thuc rt nhiu vo trnh tay ngh ca th hn, n
quyt nh chiu su ngu ca mi hn. Nu tc hn thp kch thc vng
hn s ln v ngu su. Khi tng tc hn, tc cp nhit ca h quang s
gim dn n lm gim ngu v thu hp ng hn.
gi cho hnh dng hnh hc ca vng hn lun lun khng thay i
trong qu trnh hn, to iu kin cho s kt tinh ca kim loi lng tt nht, cn
phi bo m h s hnh dng vng hn bng hng s ny c xc nh theo
cng thc sau:
q.Vh const
=M
Trong :
M - hng s
q- cng sut hu ch ca h quang
Vh - tc hn.
V cng sut hu ch ca h quang q ph thuc ch yu vo cng
dng in hn Ih, cho nn mun gi cho hnh dng hnh hc ca vng hn lun
lun i th tch Ih Vh phi lun lun nm trong mt gii hn xc nh, tc l
tch Ih . Vh = N = const. Do chng ta c:
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N
Vh = Ih (m/h) (17-4)
Thc nghim chng t rng, d nhn c mi hn c hnh dng yu
cu v c cht lng tt, tr s N trong cng thc (17-4) c th ly trong bng
17.4
ng knh dy hn
0,8 1,2 1,6
d(mm)
N (A.m/h) (1,5-4)103 (2-5)103 (5-8)103
ng knh dy
2 3 4 5
hn d (mm)
N (A.m/h) (8-12)103 (12-16)103 (16-20)103 (20-25)103

Bng 17.4 Tr s N
*Tc y dy

Hnh 17.10 Biu thng s ch hn

Cn c vo ch nng chy v ng knh dy hn chn tc y


dy ph hp

V d: Ta mun c ch nng chy(h s p) l 4kg/gi vi dy


1,2mm. Cn c vo biu ta c tc y dy l 5,7m/pht

2.1.5. in p hn
y l thng s rt quan trng trong hn MAG n quyt nh dng truyn
(chuyn dch) kim loi lng. in p hn s dng ph thuc vo chiu dy ca
chi tit hn, kiu hn, kiu lin kt, kch c v thnh phn in cc, thnh phn
kh bo v, v tr hn c gi tr in p hn hp l cn phi tnh ton hay
38
tra bng, sau tng hoc gim theo quan st ng hn chn gi tr in p
thch hp.
Theo ng knh dy hn v cng dng in hn xc nh, c th
tch in p hn nh sau:
50.10 3
0 ,5
Ih
Uh = 20 / d = 40A (17-5)
Trong :
Uh - in p hn (V)
d - ng knh dy hn (mm)
Ih - cng dng in hn (A)

Hnh 17.11 Khong cch h quang


4.1.6. Tnh nng lng ng, sau xc nh cc kch thc c bn ca mi
hn theo cc cng thc. Nu chiu su chy v cc kch thc ca mi hn u
tho mn yu cu, ngha l bo m hai h s m v m.h nm trong gii hn cho
php m = 0,8 v m.h = 7 th vic tnh ton ch hn hn pha th hai cng
tng t nh khi hn pha th nht. Trng hp thy cn thit th mi phi tin
hnh tnh ton li ch hn cho ph hp.
i vi nhng mi hn gip mi c vt mp, c hn mt lp c hai
pha th trnh t tnh ton ch hn cng c tin hnh nh trn, tc l xc
nh ch hn theo cc cng thc ri tnh ton cc kch thc c bn ca mi
hn nh trng hp cc lin kt khng vt mp v khng c khe h hn, Sau
xc nh chiu cao mi hn xc nh c chiu su chy ca mi hn.
V d 1: Xc nh ch hn hn lin kt gip mi c hai pha
cc chi tit c chiu dy S = 20 mm bng dng in xoay chiu.
Trc ht chng ta xc nh ch hn khi hn pha th nht. Gi s lin
kt hn khng vt mp v khng khe h hn. , theo cng thc (17-1), chiu
su chy khi hn phi th nht l:
40
20
10
hI = 2 mm
Chn s b ng knh dy hn d = 3 mm, theo bng 8 h s K h = 1,15,
theo cng thc (17-2) cng dng in hn bng:

Vi ng knh dy hn d = 3 mm, theo bng 9 chng ta thy mt


dng in cho php J = (45- 90) A/mm2, chng ta chn j = 50 A/mm2
Theo cng thc (17-3) ng knh dy hn l:

ly d = 5 mm
Vi d = 5 mm, trong bng 10, chng ta thy N = (20- 25) 103.
Theo cng thc (17-4) tc hn l:
20 2510 22,2 27,7
3

Vh = 900 m/h
Ly Vh = 26m/h = 0,72 cm/s
Theo cng thc (17-5) chng ta c in p hn l:
50.103
900 1 40V
Uh = 5
0,5

Trn biu U-I vi Uh = 40V, Ih = 900A, ta xc nh c h s ngu


n = 2,2.
Cng sut hu ch ca h quang hn bng:
q = 0,24 Uh Ih . = 0,24 . 40. 900 . 0,75 = 6480 cal/s
Theo cng thc (5-5) tnh li chiu su chy khi hn pha th nht:
6480
1cm 10cm
h = 0,0156 0,72.2,2
Chiu rng ca mi hn l:
b = 2,2 . 10 = 22 mm
Vi Ih = 900A ta xc nh c ( = 15 g/A.h
Theo cng thc (5-11) din tch tit din ngang ca kim loi l:

Chiu cao ca mi hn pha th nht l:


42
67
4,2
C= 0,73.22 mm
Theo cng thc (5-26) chiu cao ton b mi hn l
H = 10 4,2 = 14,2 mm
H s hnh dng mi hn l:
22
m.h 5,24
4,2
V (m.h < 7 nm ngoi phm vi cho php, nn chng ta chn li cch
chun b lin hn. Gi s chn lin kt vt mp c hai pha , khng c khe h
nh mi hn c thc hin nh hnh 17.12.

Hnh 17.12
Theo kiu lin kt hn chn, din tch tit din ngang ca phn vt mp
s l:

72.tg300 28,2mm2
Fv = f tg 2
2

Nh vy din tch tit din ngang phn li ca mi hn l:


F1 = F - Fv = 67 - 28,2 = 38,8 mm2
Theo cng thc (5-28) chiu cao ca mi hn khi c vt mp bng:

H s hnh dng mi hn:


22
m.h 9,2
2,4
Nh vy vi kiu lin kt hn chn li trn l ph hp.
Theo cng thc (5-27) chiu su pha th nht i vi mi hn c vt
mp l:
h' = 14,2 = 2,4 = 11,8 mm
By gi chng ta xc nh ch hn hn pha th hai.
Chiu su chy cn thit khi hn pha th hai c tnh theo cng thc
44

(Chng ta chn phn giao nhau ca mi hn K = 3 mm)


Cng chn dng in, thuc hn ng knh dy hn s b nh hn pha
th nht, theo cng thc (17-2), cng dng in hn l:
Ih = ly Ih = 950 A
Theo cng thc (17-3) xc nh li ng knh dy hn
d = 1,1 mm, ly d = 5 mm
Tc hn theo cng thc (17-4) s l:
20 2510 21 26 m/ h
3

Vh = 950
LyVh = 26 m/h = 0,72 cm/s
Theo cng thc (17-5), in p l:
50.103
950 1 40V
Uh = 20 5
0,5

Cng sut ca h quang:


q = 0,24 Uh Ih . = 0,24 . 40 . 950 . 0,75 = 6840 cal/s
Vi Uh = 40 V, Ih = 950A ta xc nh c h s (h = 2,1)
Theo cng thc (5-5) tnh li chiu su chy:
950
1,06cm 10,6mm
h2 = 0,0150 0,72 .2,1
Theo cng thc (5-10) chiu rng ca mi hn l:
b = 2,1 . 10,6 22 mm
Vi Ih = 950A ta c h s p ( = 15 g/A.h
Theo cng thc (5-11), din tch tit din ngang ca kim loi p khi hn
pha th hai l:

Chiu cao ca mi hn pha th hai xc nh theo cng thc (5-25)


bng:

Chiu cao ton b mi hn bng


H = 10,6 4,2 = 14,8 mm
Chiu cao ca mi hn khi v mp l:
46

H s hnh dng mi h nm trong gii hn cho php.


Chiu su chy ca mi hn khi c vt mp pha th hai l:
h' = 14,8 - 2,5 = 12,3 mm.
Kt qu tnh ton ch hn, cc kch thc c bn ca lin kt v mi
hn biu th trong bng 17.5
Ch hn Kch thc vt mp
Hn Th Uh Vh
d(mm) (mm) P (mm)
(A) (m/h) (m/h)
Pha th nht 5 900 40 26 60 7 6
Pha th hai 5 950 40 26 60 7 6

Kch thc ca mi hn
Hn F
h (mm) c(mm) b(mm) n m.h
(mm2)
Pha th nht 11,8 2,4 22 67 2,2 9,2
Pha th hai 12,3 2,5 22 68 2,1 8.8
Bng 17.5 Kch thc c bn ca mi hn
4.1.7. Kh bo v
*Loi kh

Hnh 17.13 S ph thuc ca chiu su nng chy vo dng chuyn dch


Khi s dng kh Ar hoc Ar trn thm thnh phn Oxi s lm tng nhit
ca h quang lm cho chiu su nng chy ln hn. Kh CO 2 lm tn nhit
nhanh hn v vy n lm cho b hn c nhit nng chy thp hn, chiu su
nng chy gim.
* Lu lng kh bo v:
48
C nh hng ti kim loi chuyn dch t dy vo vng hn v cht lng
thu, hnh dng ca mi hn.

Bng 17.6 Ch hn thp cc bonv thp HK thp


4.1.8. Dng in hn:
Dng in hn c chn ph thuc vo ng knh in cc (Dy hn).
Dng truyn kim loi lng ca lin kt hn. Khi dng in hn ca mi hn qu
thp s khng m bo ngu ht chiu dy lin kt dn n gim bn ca mi
hn. Khi dng in qu cao s lm tng s bn to kim loi, gy ra r kh, bin
dng, mi hn khng n nh

Hnh 17.14: Biu la chn tc y dy khi hn thp khng g


50

Hnh 17.15 Biu la chn tc y dy khi hn thp carbon

4.1.9. Phn nh ca in cc hn:

Hnh 17.16 Phn nh ca in cc Electrode Extension


52
l khong cch gia u in cc v mp bp tip in. Khi tng chiu
dy phn nh, nhit nung nng on dy hn s tng ln dn n lm gim
cng dng in hn cn thit nng chy in cc theo tc cp dy
nht nh. Khong cch ny rt quan trng khi hn thp khng g s bin thin
nh cng c th lm tng s bin thin dng in mt cch r rt. Chiu di
phn nh qu ln s lm d kim loi nng chy mi hn, lm gim ngu v
lng ph kim loi hn, tnh n nh ca h quang cng b nh hng. Ngc li
nu gim chiu di phn nh qu nh s gy ra s bn te kim loi lng dnh
vo m hn, chp kh, lm cn tr dng kh bo v gy ra r kh cho mi hn
4.2. Ch hn gip mi nhiu lp
Khi xc nh ch hn hn mi hn nhiu lp, c th chia lm 2
bc: bc th nht xc nh ch hn lp th nht v bc th hai xc nh
ch hn cc lp tip theo.
Vic xc nh ch hn hn lp th nht c th tin hnh nh sau:
Theo ng kinh dy hn ny cho hay chn, xc nh mt dng
in cho php, ri tnh ton cng dng in hn. Sau theo cng thc (17-
5) xc nh in p hn v da vo th, tnh c h s ngu (n.. Tip xc
nh tc hn, tnh c chiu cao ton b ca mi hn mt lp khng vt
mp vi cng mt ch hn th chng ta c th xc nh c chiu su ca
phn khng vt mp (hnh 17.17) theo cng thc sau:

Hnh 17.17
Tit din ngang ca mi hn gip mi hn lp sau khi hn lp thu nht
mi pha: Bng 17. 7
ng knh dy hn d(mm) 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4
Mt dng in cho php(A/mm2) 80 65 35 20
Bng 17.7 Quan h gia mt dng in hn v ng knh dy hn

h'0 = H - C' (17-6)


Trong :
h'0 - chiu su chy ca phn khng vt mp pha th nht
54
H - chiu cao ton b mi hn sau khi hn lp th nht (hnh 17.17)
C' - chiu cao ca kim loi p sau khi hn lp th nht (hnh 17.31) v
c tnh theo cng thc sau:
Fdl Ha

tg
2
C' = (17-7)
Trong cng thc ny:
Fl - din tch tit din ngang ca kim loi p sau lp hn th nht.
H - chiu cao ca tan mi hn sau khi hn lp th nht
a - khe h hn
gc vt mp.
Ch hn lp th nht pha th hai xc nh xut pht t iu kin bo
m ngu ton b phn khng vt mp.
h'0 + h"0 = P +K (17-8)
Trong :
h'0 - chiu su chy ca phn khng vt mp khi hn lp th nht pha
th nht.
h"0 - chiu su chy ca phn khng vt mp khi hn lp th nht phn
th hai.
P - chiu dy phn khng vt mp ca lin kt hn
K - phn giao nhau ca mi hn.
Vic xc nh ch hn hn cc lp tip theo mi pha xut pht t
iu kin bo m in y ton b mi hn v s chuyn tip u t kim loi
p n kim loi c bn.
Nu gi Fs l din tch tit din ngang kim loi p ca ton b cc lp
sau khi hn chng ta c.
Fs = F - Fl
y: F - din tch tit din ngang ca ton b kim loi p.
Fl - din tch tit din ngang kim loi p ca lp hn th nht.
n gin cho vic tnh ton, c th coi din tch tit din ngang ca
mi lp hn tip theo bng nhau, tc l F2 = F3 = .......= Fn, Khi c th tnh
s lp hn tip theo nh sau:
FS
n = Fn (17-9)
4.3. Ch hn gc mt lp
56
Khi hn t ng v bn t ng cc lin kt ch T hay lin kt gc. Nu
c th c th tt nht l a v v tr hn sp hn ging nh trng hp hn
lin kt gip mi c vt mp.
Thc t cho thy rng, m bo s hnh thnh ca mi hn gc tt th
mt dng in trong dy hn khng c nh hn hay ln hn phm vi cho
php trong bng 17.8
ng knh dy hn d
0,8 1,2 1,4 1,6
(mm)
Mt dng in J (A/mm2) 60-100 40-80 30-50 20-30
Bng 17.8 Mt dng in
Khi tnh ton ch hn mi hn gc, cn phi bit trc cnh mi
hn k (chn theo tiu chun hay qui nh bi ngi thit k). Bit tr s ca cnh
mi hn, c th xc nh c tit din ngang ca kim loi p bo m nhn
c mi hn l phng theo cng thc sau:

(17-10)
Sau khi chn ng knh dy hn v mt dng in cho php c th
tch cng dng in hn nh sau:
d2
J
Ih = 4 (17-11)
Tr s cng dng in hn tng ng vi tc hn, bo m nhn
c mi hn phng c gi l cng dng in hn ti hn Ith c biu
din bng phng trnh sau:
Ith = I0 + mVh (17-12)
Trong :
I0 - dng in hn ti hn gi nh khi tc hn bng khng. i vi
hn t ng v bn t ng I = 350A.
m - H s, c trng cho nghing ca ng thng xc nh bi
phng trnh (17-12) tr s ca m c th ly trong bng 17.9
ng knh dy hn d (mm) 2 3 4 5
H s m 2 4,5 7 10
Bng 17.9 H s m v ng knh dy hn
ng thng biu din bng phng trnh (17-12) gii thiu trn hnh
17.18.
58

Hnh 17.18
nh hng ca cng dng in v tc hn n hnh dng b mt
ca mi hn gc.
Trn hnh 17-18 chng ta thy:
Nu Ih = Ith - mi hn nhn c c b mt l phng
Nu Ih > Ith - mi hn nhn c c b mt l li
Nu Ih < Ith - mi hn nhn c c b mt l lm.
Cn c vo cng dng in hn xc nh c in p hn v h s ngu.
Sau xc nh nng lng ng v cc kch thc c bn ca mi hn vi
ch hn tnh ton, c th l: chiu su chy, chiu rng ca mi hn, chiu
cao ca mi hn v chiu cao ton b mi hn .
Chiu chy ca phn khng vt mp h0 c th xc nh theo cng thc:
h0 = H - C' (17-13)
y:
C' - chiu cao ca mi hn, tc l chiu cao ca kim loi p nu gc vt
mp ( = 900 th c th tnh C theo cng thc sau:
C' = Fd (17-14)
Bit chiu su chy ca phn khng vt mp h0, c th xc nh chiu su
chy trn thnh ng S0 ca lin kt ch T nh sau:
S0 = (0,8 1) h0 (17-15)
60

Hnh 17.19 Thng s c bn ca mi hn gc


Cn ch rng, trong cng thc (17-15): S0 = 0,8 h0
ng vi gii hn di v S0 = h0 - ng vi gii hn trn ca tr s mt
dng in cho php ln nht (gii hn trn) trong bng 14 khng bo m chiu
su chy trn thnh ng th phi tin hnh vt mp v c th phi nhiu lp.
Nn sau khi hn lp th nht m kim loi p in y ton b vt mp (F Fv)
th chiu cao ca kim loi p c tnh theo cng thc (17-7); cn nu kim loi
p khng in y phn vt mp (F > Fv ) th chiu cao ton b ca kim loi
p C = C1+C2 (hnh 17.20) c th xc nh nh sau:

Hnh 17.20
Tit din ngang ca kim loi p khi hn mi hn gc c vt mt.
f
m
cos (17-16)a

C1 mcos sin
2 (17-16)b
62
m2
sin
F1 = 2 (17-16)c
b1 b2
C2
F2 = 2 (17-16)d

b1 = 2m sin 2 (17-16)e

tg 90 2 tg2
0

b2 = b1 + c2 (17-16)g
Thay gi tr b2 t (17-16) vo (17-16) chng ta c:

2b1 tg 900 tg
2 2
C2
F2 = 2 (17-16)i
T cng thc (17-16), chng ta xc nh c tr s ca C2 bng cch gii
trnh bc hai sau y:
AC22 + BC2 + D = 0 (17-17)
Trong : A,B v D - cc h s c xc nh nh sau:
i vi mi hn khng c khe h (a = c) th:
2
A = sin ; B = 2b1 ; D = -2F2 (17-18)
i vi mi hn c khe h (a ( 0) th cc h s A v B cng c xc nh
theo cng thc (17-18); cn h s D c xc nh nh sau:
2H.a
m2 sin 2Fd

cos
D= 2 (17-19)
y: F - din tch tit din ngang ca kim loi p.
Khi hn t ng v bn t ng cc gn ng c th xc nh nng lng
ng theo cng thc (4-13) nhng cn ch , trong cng ny c mi hn nhn
c c b mt l li th din tch tit din ngang ca kim loi p F xc nh
theo cng thc (4-20), cn nu mi hn nhn c c b mt l phng th F
c xc nh theo cng thc (17-10)
V d: Hy xc nh ch hn v cc kch thc c bn ca mi hn gc
c cnh mi hn K = 10 mm v b mt mi hn nhn c l phng.
Theo cng thc (17-9) din tch tit din ngang ca kim loi p l:
64

Chn dy hn c ng knh d = 5 mm, trong bng 14 ly mt dng


in J = 35A/mm2. Theo cng thc (17-11), cng dng in l:

Theo cng thc (17-5) in p hn bng:


50.103
20 0,5 .7000 35V
Uh = 5
Trn hnh 2, chng ta tm c h thng ngu (n = 2,0
Trn hnh 22, tm c h s p ( = 15 g/A.h
Theo cng thc (4-10), tc hn l:
15.700
2
27cm/ h 0,75cm/ s
Vh = 7,8 .50.10
Chiu rng ca mi hn l:
b = 2,9 . 7,3 = 21,1 mm
Theo cng thc (5-25) chiu cao ca mi hn l:
50
3,2mm
C = 0,73.21,1
Theo cng thc (5-26), chiu cao ton b mi hn l:
H = 7,3 3,2 = 10,5 mm
Theo cng thc (17-14) chiu cao ca mi hn l:

Theo cng thc (17-13) chiu su chy ca phn khng vt mp l:


h0 = 10,5 - 7,1 = 3,4 mm
Theo cng thc (17-15) chiu su chy trn thnh ng l:
S0 = (0,8 1)3.,4 = (2,7 3,4) mm
H s ngu ca mi hn gc l:

V d 5: Hy xc nh ch hn bn t ng m b hn ngu hon
ton b thm ng khi hn lin kt ch T cho bit chiu dy ca thnh ng S =
12 mm, gc vt mp = 50 0 chiu su vt mp f = 4 mm v chiu dy on
khng vt mp P = 4 mm
66
Gi s lit kt c ng knh d = 2 mm, trong bng 14, ly mt dng
in j = 150A/mm2.
Theo cng thc (17-11) cng dng in bng
3,14.22
.150 470A
Ih = 4
Theo cng thc (17-4) tc hn bng
8 12.10 17 21 m/ h
3

Vh = 40
Ly Vh = 20m/h = 0,555 cm/s.
Theo cng thc (17-5) in p hn bng:
50.103
.470 36V
Uh = 20 20,5
Xc nh c h s ngu (n = 2,2 v h s p ( = 17g/A.h.
Theo cng thc din tch tit din ngang ca kim loi bng:

Cng sut nhit hu ch ca h quang hn l:


q = 0,24 . 36 . 470 . 0,8 = 3249 cal/s
Theo cng thc chng ta xc nh c cc kch thc c bn ca mi
hn nh sau:
3249
0,81cm 8,1mm
h = 0,0156 0,555.2,2
b = 2,2 . 8,1 = 18 mm
51
3,9mm
C= 0,73 .18
H = 8,1 3,9 = 12 mm
Theo cng thc (17-14) chiu cao ca kim loi p l:
C' = Fd
Theo cc cng thc (17-16) chng ta xc nh c chiu su chy ca
phn khng vt mp v chiu su chy thnh ng khi khe h hn a = 0 nh sau:
4
6,3mm
m = 0,64
b1 = 2. 6,3 .0,42 = 5,3 mm
C1 = 6,3 . 0,91= 5,7 mm
F1 = 5,72 . 0,47 = 15,3 mm2
F2 = 51 . 15,3 = 35,7 mm2
68
Theo gi tr ca cc h s A,B v D xc nh theo cng thc (17-18) vo
phng trnh (17-17) v gii phng trnh ny vi n s C2 chng ta tm c:
C2 = 3,7 mm
T , chng ta c chiu cao ca kim loi p l:
C3 = C1 C2 = 5,7 3,7 = 9,4 mm
Theo cng thc (17-17) v (17-15) chng ta tm c chiu su chy ca
phn khng vt mp v chiu su chy trn thnh ng l:
h0 = H - C3 = 12 - 9,4 = 2,6 mm
S0 = h0 = 2,6 mm
Trng hp lin kt hn c khe h a = 1 th cng gii phng trnh (17-
17) nhng vi h s D xc nh theo cng thc (17-19) chng ta tm c:
C2 = 2,3 mm
T , chng ta c chiu cao ca kim loi p l:
C3 = C1 C2 = 5,7 2,3 = 8 mm
Theo cng thc (17-13) v (17-15) chng ta xc nh c chiu su chy
ca phn khng vt mp v chiu su chy trn thnh ng l:
h0 = 12 - 8 = 4 mm
S0 = h0 = 4 mm
5. Cng ngh v k thut hn MIG/MAG.
5.1. S chuyn dch kim loi in cc:
Mt dng in trong hn MIG/MAG rt cao, khong t (60 200
2
A/mm ) do vy nhit h quang lm nng chy mt mt dy hn thnh cc
git kim loi ri vo vng hn. S chuyn dch cc git kim loi ny c khc
nhau, bao gm 4 loi sau:
- Dng in t 60 180 A: Trong giai on git kim loi bt u hnh
thnh v t ti git ln nht, giai on on mch vi vt hn, mt dng
in tng t ngt git kim loi c tht li lm cho git kim loi tch ra ri
vo vng hn. Qu trnh tch git th t gy bn to, vng hn lng qunh mi
giy xung khong 70 git. H quang ngn vi cng dng in trn c
ng dng hn cc chi tit c b dy mng tt c cc v tr hn.
70

Hnh 17.21 Chuyn dch dng git

- Chuyn dch phun, h quang di: Loi dch chuyn ny c thc hin
khi in p v dng in hn ln h quang tng i di, cc ht kim loi rt
nh, u v nhanh chng ri vo vng hn. Qu trnh tch git th nhanh, khng
hon ton tch khi on mch, vng hn chy long mi giy xung khong
100 git. Phng php ny ng dng khi hn cc vt hn chiu dy 2 mm, thng
dng nht l cc v tr hn bng, hn ng t trn xung.

Hnh 17.22 Chuyn dich dng phun

- Chuyn dch git ln: Chuyn dch ny thuc dng on mch gia
chuyn dch on mch v chuyn dch phun. c im ca n l kt hp c
tnh ca hai loi trn. Git kim loi hnh thnh chm trn mt mt giy hn v
lu li y lu, nu kch thc git ln hn khong cch t u dy hn ti b
mt vt hn s chuyn vo vng hn dng on mch, nu kch thc git nh
hn, khng gy on mch, ng dng khi hn v tr bng
72

Hnh 17.23 Chuyn dich dng git ln

- Chuyn dch mch xung: Cc mch xung c iu chnh theo thi gian
v tn s tng t l vi ng knh dy hn, to ra nhng git kim loi ri vo
vng hn.

Hnh 17.24 Chuyn dich dng mch xung

5.2. K thut hn:


a. Cng tc chun b:
74

Bng 17.10Ch hn thp cc bon v thp HK thp

Bng 17.11 Ch hn thp cc bon v thp HK thp


76

Bng 17.12Ch hn thp cc bon v thp HK thp

Bng 17.13 Ch hn thp cc bon v thp HK thp


78

Bng 17.14 Ch hn thp cc bon v thp HK thp

Bng 17.15 Ch hn thp cc bon v thp HK thp


80

Bng 17.16 Ch hn thp cc bon v thp HK thp

Hnh 17.25 Quy phm chun b mp hn

Cc yu cu v hnh dng kch thc, b mt lin kt trong phng php


hn h quang nng chy trong mi trng kh bo v tng t nh cc
phng php hn khc. Tuy nhin do ng knh ca dy hn nh hn so vi
hn di lp thuc bo v nn gc vt mp i vi cc vt hn dy s nh hn
thng khong t 45 600 do dy hn c kh nng a su vo rnh hn.
Cng tc chun b bao gm vic vt mp, lm sch, hn nh v g lp vt
hn. Yu cu phi c lm sch du m vic gia cng mp vt phi theo ng
kch thc thit k.
82
b. Mi h quang:
Trc khi mi h quang, cn phi lm sch nhng ht kim loi chung
quanh ming phun, ngi thao tc cm m hn nghing mt gc 60 0 800 so vi
b mt hn, vi ra dy (phn nh ra ca dy hn) ph thuc vo ng knh
dy hn cng nh th ra dy cng ngn. Khi hn dy hn nh (d d < 1.2mm) th
ra dy di 8 10mm, n c m hn kh bo v c a vo ng dn kh
v bt u cp dy, dy hn nh la trn mt vt hn v to thnh h quang.
- Mi quan h gia dd vi Ih, Uhv nh ca in cc theo bng sau: Hn
trong mi trng CO2 in mt chiu cc tnh nghch.
dd (mm)
Thng
s 0,5 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 2,0 2,5

12055 200
Ih (A) 30100 50150 50 180 90 140 100550 250 700
0 600

Uh (V) 1820 1822 18 24 18 42 1845 1946 23 40 24 42

nh 610 8 12 814 1040 1045 15 50 1560 1775

Bng 17.17 Ch hn

- Hn phi: thu, tc hn thp hn so vi hn tri v kh nhn r


mi hn do vi phun che khut. Phng php ny s dng khi hn vi chuyn
dch phun h quang di v n ch tc nung chy kim loi vt hn cao.

Hnh 17.26 S phng php hn phi

- Hn tri: C c im l ngu thp hn hn phi, tc hn cao,


ton b mi hn d quan st khi hn, thng dng hn kim loi mu v hn
hp ca chng.
84

Hnh 17.27 S phng php hn tri

5.3. Thao tc m hn:


Tu theo chiu dy ca vt hn, s lp hn v tr mi hn trong khng
gian, ta chn dao ng ngang ca m hn sao cho ph hp.
- Khi hn tm mng (S = 1 2 mm) v hn lp th nht ca mi hn
nhiu lp khng dao ng ngang m hn
- Khi hn cc lp 2, 3 ca mi hn nhiu lp m hn dao ng kiu
ng trn
- Khi hn cc lp trn cng ca mi hn nhiu lp m hn dao ng kiu
rng ca
- Khi hn mi hn gc th gc nghing ca m hn so vi tm ng l 300
450 v so vi trc mi hn l 650750

Hnh 17.28 Gc m hn khi hn MIG/MAG


86
6- An tan trong hn h quang
- Vn an ton lun cn phi quan tm trong qu trnh hn h quang, c
ngoi cng trng v trong phn xng.
- Bo m an ton l trch nhim ca tng c nhn, khng ch cho ring mnh
m cho c nhng ngi khc.
- Gim st hn c chc nng c bit quan trng trong vic m bo qu trnh
hn din ra ng theo cc quy nh(lut) v an ton trong phm vi gim st.
- Ngi gim st hn c php yu cu kim tra trang thit b trc khi hn,
chp nhn hay khng chp nhn theo cc yu cu cng vic.
- Ngi gim st hn c trch nhim gim st qu trnh hn ti tng cng on
c th trong sut qu trnh hn.
- Cc vn bn yu cu ngi gim st hn phi tham kho v tun th:
+Lut nh ncv Sc khe v An ton trong sn xut.
+Cc quy nh v Sc khe v An ton c lin quan.
+Cc ch dn lin quan n cng vic ti ni sn xut cc cng vic c
php thc hin, vn bn cnh bo nguy c c th gy mt an ton,
+Cc quy nh ring ti ni tin hnh sn xut.
- Nm vn cn phi quan tm khi thc hin cng vic gim st qu trnh hn
h quang:
+ ingit.
+ Ngun nhit
+ Tia h quang.
+ Khi v kh hn.
+ Ting n
6.1 in git
- in git nh hng trc tip n an ton tnh mng ca con ngi trong qu
trnh th b in git mc 1 khi tip xc vi v my hay dy ni mt do r in
hoc dy ni mt khng lm vic.
- in git mc in p th cp xy ra khi hai phn trn c th tip xc cng
lc vi hai cc in u ra ca my hn.
- Hu ht cc ngun in hn h quang c mc in p u ra khng ti nh hn
100V, y l mc in p vn c nguy c gy in git.
- Tip xc vi cc vt bng kim loi mang in gy cht ngi hoc li
thng tt do dng in truyn qua c th hoc ri ng v in git.
- Hai mc in p trong qu trnh hn h quang cn phi quan tm:
+ Mc1: in p s cp: t 230V n 460V.
+ Mc2: in p th cp: t 60V n 100V.
88
- in p s cp c mc nguy him ln hn rt nhiu so vi in p th cp
v gy in git khi tay hay phn no trn c th tip xc vi u ni hoc
phn dy dn in li vo my hn.
- Cn phi kim tra cc dy dn sau u ni chnh xc cha:
+Cp hn: Cp in ni t ngun in hn n m hn.
+Cp ni mt: Cp in ni t vt hn n ngun in hn.
+ Dy tip t: Dy ni t vt hn hay v my hn vi im tip t.
C 3 loi dy dn trn phi p ng c kh nng dn dng in vi
cng cao.
- Ngi gim cn phi quan tm n H s lm vic Duty Cycleca my hn
khi nh gi kh nng lm vic ca cc chi tit hay b phn dn in nm trong
mch in hn.
- Cc b phn dn in s b nng ln trong qu trnh hn quan tm n thi
gian lm vic v c nh gi da trn H s lm vic, trong :
+ Thi gian thc hin hn lin tc.
+ Tng thi gian hn. (thng tnh bng 10 pht)

6.2 - Ngun nhit


- Trong hn h quang, in nng c chuyn thnh nhit nng v quang nng,
hai loi nng lng ny u c th gy nguy him hay nh hng xu n sc
khe con ngi.
- Cc ht la bn te t h quang hn (tia la hn) c th gy chy cc vt liu
d bt la nm trong khu vc hn.
Khu vc hn cn phi lm sch hay cch ly khi cc vt liu d chy n.
- Tia la hn cng c th l nguyn nhn gy chy qun o, trang b bo h gy
bng.

6.3- Tia h quang


6.3.1 -Bc x cc tm.
Tt c cc qu trnh hn h quang u bc x ra tia cc tm (UV). Tia cc tm
vi cng cao v ko di s gy chy da v nh hng xu ti mt. nh
hng trc tip n ngi th hn v gim st hn. (thng gi l au mt
hn ).
au mt hn chnh l do t bo lp bo v gic mc b ph hy v gy thng
tn ln cc t bo thn kinh nm ngay di gic mc gy au mt (gn au
trong mt tng t nh hin tng ct bay vo mt), c bit khi tip xc vi
cc ngun sng trng. au mt hn thng c nhn ra sau khi tip xc vi
h quang vi gi v ko di t 12 ~ 24 gi (hoc hn ty tng trng hp).
90
- Cha au mt hn bng cch ngh ngi trong phng ti hoc tra thuc theo
hng dn ca bc s mt.
- Ngn nga bng cch s dng ng cc trang b bo h lao ng nh qun o,
mt n hn, m hn (c knh chn tia cc tm).
- Tia cc tm khng gy ra hin tng en da nh b chy nng m gy v rt,
nu qu mc s gy bng da.
- T bo da b cht v bong ra sau mt n vi ngy.
6.3.2 - nh sng nhn thy c
Tia sng nhn thy c c bc sng ln hn tia cc tm v c th i qua gic
mc vo thy tinh th c th gy la mt.
Tia sng vi cng cao c th gy nguy him n h thng thn kinh cm
quang nm trn vng mc.
Mc nguy him ph thuc vo cng v thi gian tip xc lin tc vi
nh sng ca h quang gy phnx chp mt lin tc khi thy sng. Gy la
mt. Tuy nhin c hai hin tng trn u khng ko di.
6.3.3 - Bc x hng ngoi
- Bc x hng ngoi c bc sng ln hn nh sng thng v mang nhit. Bc
x hng ngoi gy nguy him cho mt nu tip xc trong mt thi gian di (hn
mt nm) gy c thy tinh th mt cch t t.
- i vi hn h quang, nguy hi do bc x hng ngoi ch xy ra tip xc qu
gn vi h quang.
6.4 - Kh c
4.4.1- Khi hn.
- Khi hn c sinh ra trong qu trnh hn v mang trong n cc thnh phn c
t in cc hn, kim loi c bn, cc cht bm trn b mt kim loi c bn v
cc thnh phn khc c trong khng kh.
- Nguy him gy ra khi hn c nh gi theo cc quy nh chung v khi
cng nghip l xem xt da trn tc ng ca tng thnh phn ha hc c
trong n.
- Khi hn c th gy cc tc ng tc thi ln mt v da, gy chng mt, bun
nn v d ng. V d: khi km c th gy cm, tip xc vi khi hn trong thi
gian di c th gy nhim st (bi st c trong phi) nh hng xu ti chc
nng ca phi.
6.4.2- Kh hn.
- Kh hn sinh ra trong qu trnh hn h quang cng c coi l mt yu t c
hi n sc khe ca con ngi.
- Hu ht cc loi kh bo v (Ar, He, CO2) s dng trong hn quang l kh
khng gy c. Tuy nhin, do s chim ch trong khng kh dn n gim lng
92
oxy cn thit cho qu trnh h hp c th dn n chng mt, ngt hay cht nu
no khng c cung cp oxy.
Mt vi hp cht ty nhn nh Trichlorethylene v Percholorethylene c th
phn hy ra kh c do nhit v bc x cc tm.
Ozone v OxitNit to ra do tc ng ca bc x cc tm ln khng kh gy au
u, tc ngc, chi mt, nga c v mi.
gim tc hi gy ra do khi v kh hn cn:
- Hn ch tip xc trc tip ca mt vi khi v kh hn.
- S dng cc trang b thng kh trong phn xng hn.
- Trang b vi ht kh cc b ti v tr hn.
- Nhn din cc tc hi bng cch c cc thng tin an ton i km vi
loi vt liu hn s dng.
- Khi hn cc chi tit qua s dng cn quan tm n lp sn, ph hay
ha cht bm li, c gy ra kh c trong qu trnh hn khng.
6.5- Ting n
- Tip xc vi ting n ln c th gy nguy him n kh nng nghe.
- Ting n gy stress v tng huyt p.
- Lm vic trong mi trng n trong thi gian di c th gy ic, bn chn v
cu knh.
- Nu tip xc vi ting n c cng trung bnh l nhn 85 dB trong hn 8
gi s lm gim kh nng nghe v cn phi i kim tra thnh gic hng nm.
- Cc qu trnh hn h quang thng thng khng to ra ting n vt qu phm
vi cho php. Ngoi tr qu trnh hn Plasma v ct h quang bng in cc than.
Tm li:
- Cch tt nht bo m an ton trong hn l tun th mt cch cht ch cc
yu cu v an ton.
94

Bi tp v sn phm thc hnh bi 17.1

Kin thc:

Cu 1: Cho bit thc cht, c im v phm vi ng dng ca phng


php hn MIG/MAG.
Cu 2: Trnh by ch d hn MIG/MAG

K nng:

Bi tp ng dng: Tnh ton ch hn khi hn MAG chi tit nh bn v sau:


96

Bi 2: VN HNH MY HN MIG/MAG
M bi : 17.2

Gii thiu:

Hin nay phng php MIG/MAG c s dng rng ri mang li nng


sut, cht lng v hiu qu kinh t cao. Cng vi s pht trin ca khoa hc
cng ngh, nht l cng ngh digital, thit b hn MIG/MAG c nhiu pht trin,
ni bt l cng ngh dng inventer v k thut iu khin s. N gp phn ci
thin lao ng cho ngi cng nhn v nng cao nng xut, cht lng mi hn.
V vy i hi ngi cng nhn khng ngng hc hi tip thu cng ngh mi
gim thiu mc lao ng chn tay v nng cao nng sut hn.
98
Mc tiu:

- Trnh by ng cu to v nguyn l lm vic ca thit b hn MIG/MAG.


- Vn hnh, s dng thnh tho cc loi my hn, dng c hn MIG/MAG.
- Chn ch hn: ng knh dy hn, cng dng in, in th h
quang, tc hn, lu lng kh bo v ph hp vi chiu dy v tnh cht ca
vt liu.
- Thao tc tho lp dy, m hn, van gim p, ng dn kh, chai cha kh,
chun b u dy hn thnh tho.
- T th thao tc hn: Cm m hn, ngi hn ng quy nh thoi mi trnh
gy mt mi
- Gy h quang v duy tr s chy ca ct h quang n nh.
- Thc hin tt cng tc an ton v v sinh phn xng.
Ni dung.
1. Cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca my hn MIG,MAG
1.1 S lp t.

Hnh 17.18 Thit b hn MIG/MAG


1.2.Vng hn
100

Hnh 17.19 Vng hn

2. Trnh t vn hnh my hn
2.1 u ni ngun in, kim tra bp v dy

- u ngun cho my hn, trc khi u phi xem hng dn v ngun s


dng hiu in th no
- Sau khi u bt cng tc v quan st n xem in vo my hay cha
- Kim tra Bp v dy c cng c hay khng

2.2 Ni chai kh vo my
102

- Ni ng dn vi van gim p, ni van gim p vi chai kh


- Ni ng dn vi my
- iu chnh thng s lu lng kh.
- n nt TEST kim tra
- Cm ngun 220V cho b phn sy kh

2.3 Lp cun dy hn vo my
104

- Lp cun dy vo my
- Lp dy ln h thng dn
- a dy ra m
- Nhn cng tc kim tra dy

2.4 iu chnh ch hn

- iu chnh Ih
- iu chnh tc ra dy

3.Bo dng my
3.1. Ht bi, lau chi b phn bn ngoi
+ Hng dn s dng
- Rt ngun in khi my
- Lau chi bn ngoi
106
3.2. Tho cun dy, v sinh c cu y dy

+ Hng dn s dng
- Rt dy hn khi m, nu dy hn b ng cc phi dng km bm u
dy hn trc m.
- Ht bi b phn c kh

3.3. Tho v, v sinh bn trong my

+ Hng dn s dng
- Dng my ht bi trn cun dy, qut, v b phn iu khin in t
3.4. V sinh bp hn

+ Hng dn s dng
108
- Dng dy ng c cc git kim loi bm trn chp kh
3.5. Lp li v kim tra

+ Hng dn s dng
- Kim tra v sinh
- Kim tra cch in
- Vn hnh th

4. Hng dn s dng my hn SMARTMIG T25

4.1 M t
My hn bn t ng cp dy lin tc, ngun 3 pha, iu khin bng
Trigger, thch hp s dng trong hn kh hoc hn hp kh CO2. Thch hp
trong sn sut g v cc phn xng, trong bo dng thit b.

c tnh ngun ca SMARTMIG T25 l:

c tnh hn tt c th hn trn mi loi vt liu.


C th tin hnh hn tt trn cc tm kim loi mng.
Xe ch bnh kh c cung cp cc bnh xe thun tin cho qu trnh vn
chuyn.
Kt cu bng kim loi c gi ng trc trnh va p.
Tay gt cng vng lin kt vi tm trc.
Khng gian bn trong thn my ph hp vi kch thc ca tang dy (Max
300 mm - Max 20kg).
Qa trnh kt ni m hn theo tiu chun Chu u
4.2 Thng s k thut
Thng s k thut chung ca h thng c tng kt trong bng 1.
110
Bng 1

Model SMARTMIG T25


Ngun 3 pha 50/60Hz V 230/400
Di dng A 25250
Cng sut lp t kVA 6
16 (230V)
Cu ch A
10 (400V)
H s Cos 0,97

in p h mch V 1738
100% 120
60% A 160
Dng hn cho php
35% A 210
25% A 250
ng knh dy mm 0,17-1,2

Lp cch in H

Cp bo v IP 23

Kch thc S-C-R mm 830-615-400

Trng lng Kg 54

Gii hn s dng ( ISO IEC 60974-1)


Thng thng my hn lm vic khng lin tc, thi gian my bao gm
thi gian lm vic hu ch (hn) v thi gian ngh ( nh v phi, thay dy...).
My hn ny c thit k cung cp dng danh nh I2 ln nht (200A) trong
thi gian lm vic 25% ca tng thi gian s dng. Nu thi gian s dng l 10
pht th thi gian s dng c coi l 25% ca thi gian ny. Nu qu thi gian
lm vic cho php th Rle nhit lm vic bo v cc thit b xung quanh my
hn. B bo v nhit c k hiu bng n cnh bo mu vng trn b n nhit.
Sau vi pht th Rle nhit t ng ngt (v n hiu mu vng t ng tt) v
my hn sn sng lm vic tr li. My c ch to ph hp vi cp bo v
IP23.
112
H thng nng.
Dy ai c ct cht v an ton t di sau th nng thit b ln khi mt t.

B cp dy c mt tay xch c th mc vo v nng n ln.


Lp rp my hn.
Qu trnh lp t cc chi tit ca my hn bao gm:

Ngun hn SMARTMIG T21.

M hn MIG-MAG: di 3 mt.

Dy tip mt ni vi my di 3 m.
Cc thit b tiu chun bao gm cc bnh xe chuyn ng trc v sau c kch
thc khc nhau, v gi chai kh. Thc hin cc bc nh di y trc khi
vn hnh my.

- Ly ngun hn v cc thit b ra khi tng.

- Kim tra ton b cc chi tit v thng bo ngay nhng hng hc c th


cho nh - cung cp hoc nh ch to.

- Kim tra h thng thng gi c tt khng.

- Lp cc bnh xe v gi lp chai kh sau lp m hn nh miu t


hnh sau.

Hnh 17.49 Trnh t lp bnh xe


Lp t
Ni lp t thit b c la chn cn thn m bo tho mn cc yu cu v
an ton lao ng. Ngi dng chu trch nhim lp t v vn hnh thit b theo
hng dn c nh sn xut cung cp.
114
Trc khi lp my ngi dng cn lu tm n vn in t vng lm vic.
c bit, chng ti khuyn co rng khng nn lp thit b trong cc vng ph
cn:
- Tn hiu, iu khin v cp in thoi..
- Trm pht thanh truyn hnh
- My tnh hoc thit b iu khin v dng c o lng.
- Thit b bo h v an ton.
My hn khng c t trn nn c nghing ln hn 100. Cc loi my hn
ny c lm mt bng kh tun hon cng bc. Bi vy nen s dng cc tm
li thng gi thun tin cho qu trnh thng gi thng qua cc l hng to
bi cc khung.
Ngun hn c phi tho mn cc iu kin di y:
- Trong v ngoi ngun hn u c s dng cp bo v IP23.
- Lp cch in "S".
Kt ni vi ngun in
Qu trnh u ni my vi ngun (dng in) phi c thc hin bi nhng
ngi c kinh nghim.
Ton b qu trnh u ni phi c thc hin ph hp vi yu cu chung ca
lut lao ng.
Trc khi ni my hn vi ngun chnh, kim tra xem d liu trn nhn my c
ph hp vi in p ngun v tn s khng v cng tc chnh v tr "0".
My hn ny c th lm vic cc in p khc nhau v thng thng my
c cung cp lm vic in p cao nht nh ghi trn nhn my. Kim tra
in p ny c ph hp vi in p ngun hay khng. Nu khng th tho np
my kt ni ph hp dy xanh hoc dy vi in p ngun nh miu t
hnh B. Qu trnh kt ni vi ngun phi c thc hin vi 4 dy cp trong :
Cn 3 dy dn ni my vi ngun.
Dy th t c mu Vng Xanh c dng ni mt.
Ni mt cm ph hp (3p+t) vi cp ngun v c
nh n mt cm thch hp vi cu ch hoc
cng tc t ng. u ni mt phi c ni vi dy
mt ( vng-xanh) ca b cp ngun chnh.

Bng 2 a cc cu ch ph hp vi dng in ti a
cp vo my hn v in p danh ngha.

Bng 2

Model SMARTMIG T21


I2 max danh nh (25%)* A 250
116
Cng sut kVA 6
Cu ch loi "gl"
A 10/16
U1=220V - 230V - 240V
Cp ni ngun
Chiu di m 3,5
Tit din mm2 4x2,5
Kt ni kh.

Hnh 17.50 van gim p v lu lng k


H thng kh ny c cung cp vi mt ng h o p v b gim p phc
v cho qu trnh iu chnh p sut khi hn. Chai kh (chiu cao ln nht l
1200mm) phi c t trn gi chai kh pha sau my hn. H thng kh
phi c lp t ng v tr m bo khng lm cn tr n nh vn hnh
ca my hn. Qu trnh kt ni gia chai kh, b gim p v ng dn kh vi tm
sau ca my ngun hn c thc hin nh hnh C.
M van kh v iu chnh lu lng kh ra khong t 8 ti 12l/pht.
Nguyn tc s dng
Cc cng c iu khin (hnh A)
V tr 1 Kt ni m theo tiu chun Chu u.
V tr 2 Chit p iu chnh thi gian hn im
V tr 3 Cng tc ON/OFF
V tr 4 n bo bo v qu nhit. Khi n c bt sng th thit b bo v qu
nhit ang lm vic. Khi my lm vic vt qu chu k lm vic th rle
nhit s lm vic(xem phn gii hn s dng) ch mt vi pht trc khi
vn hnh li.
V tr 5 Cng tc iu chnh in p hn
V tr 6 Chit p iu chnh tc cp dy
Lp dy hn.
118

Hnh 17.51 mt trc ca my v bng iu khin

Nng cc cht trn tm pha bn tri


v lp tang dy hn (s dng loi tang
dy Max 300mm v 20kg) ph hp
vi vt liu c hn. Lp tang dy
hn ln gi dy sao cho dy hn
theo chiu kim ng h v ng cht
vo l ca tang dy.

Lun dy qua ng dn dy (v tr 7
hnh E) nh m t trn hnh v.
Hnh 17.52 C cu y dy

Nng con ln tnh (v tr 1 hnh E) gim p lc gia cc con ln (v tr 6


hnh E). Kim tra con ln dn ng (v tr 4 hnh E) c thch hp ng knh dy
hn c s dng khng.

Lun dy hn vo ng tm ca ng dn dy v dn n tm ca ng dn
u bn kia (v tr 3 hnh E) v tha u ra khong vi centimt. H thp con ln
b ng lun dy vo rnh ca con ln dn ng. Nu cn thit th iu chnh
p lc gia cc con ln bng vt iu chnh p lc (v tr 5 hnh E). iu chnh
120
vt qu p lc cho php s gy ra bin dng dy hn, cn p lc khng c
th gy ra qu trnh hn khng u.

Cm con ln dn ng
Cc ch dn di y s hng dn lp cc con ln.

- Tho vt (v tr s 5 hnh E).

- Nng cn iu khin con ln b ng (v tr s 2 hnh E).

- Mi con ln s m t loi dy v ng knh dy hn hai cnh ngoi


ca con ln.

- Lp con ln thch hp (v tr 4 hnh E) m bo rnh ca con ln thch


hp vi ng knh dy ang s dng.

- Xit cht vt (v tr 5 hnh E).

Vn hnh.
Quan trng: Trc khi hn nn kim tra cc thng s trn nhn my c
ph hp vi in p ngun v tn s khng.

- Bt ngun hn v xoay chit p iu chnh in p hn (v tr 3 hnh D)


ti v tr thch hp cho qu trnh hn.
- M van kh v ng dn dy, qu trnh ny cho php dy c cp t do
trong sut qu trnh hn. Nh rng bp hn c s dng phi ph hp vi
ng knh dy.
- iu chnh chit p iu chnh tc cp dy ti v tr 3
- Nhn cng tc m hoc nhn cng tc kim tra ng c cho ti khi u
dy th ra t m hn.
- Vn cht bp hn trn m hn.
- Lp ng chp dn kh hn.
- Bo v chp dn kh v ng dn dy ca m khi cc tia bn to.
- Ni kp mt vi phi hn (hnh G).
- My hn sn sng hn.
- bt u qu trnh hn th a m hn li gn im cn hn v nhn
cng tc m.
- Khi kt thc qu trnh hn th tho vt liu cn tha trong m, tt ngun
hn v ng chai kh.
Qu trnh hn lin tc.
122
iu chnh lc cng dy v tc cp dy ph hp nht, s dng nt iu khin
tng ng. Nhn cng tc m hn khi ng dng hn, cp dy v thc hin
qu trnh hn. Sau khi hon thnh qu trnh hn th nh cng tc m dng cp
dy v ngng khn cp ng c. Ngun hn vn c cp ngun trong vi giy,
gy chy phn u dy hn cn li th ra m hn. Van kh vn c m
cung cp lng kh duy tr p sut xung quanh vng hn. Chc nng ny
c gi l chy ngc "burn-back" v c th c iu chnh. Mch iu khin
c cp ngun sn sng cho chu k hn tip theo.

Hnh 17.53

Hn im

Kiu hn ny c khuyn dng trong cc xng sa cha thn t.


- Thay chp dn kh loi c bit thch hp
cho qu trnh hn im (hnh H).
- t thi gian hn im bng chit o (v
tr 2 hnh D).
- La chn lc cng dy v tc cp dy thch hp nht, s dng cc nt
iu khin tng ng. iu chnh qu trnh hn.
- t chp dn kh vung gc vi chi tit c hn.
- Nhn cng tc m khi ng dng hn v cp dy.
cui thi gian hn im th dy s t ng ngng cp dy.
- Nhn li cng tc m bt u mt chu hn mi .
- Nh cng tc m.
iu chnh bng mch in.
124
Rle RT1: Chng chy ngc.
R le RT2: Gim tc quay ca ng c.
Ch : Cc r le ny c th c iu chnh
n gin t bn ngoinbng cch tho v chi
tit khi my hn khng vn hnh.

Hnh 17.54 C cu iu khin tc dy


Bo dng
Quan trng: Qu trinh bo dng phi c thc hin bi cc chuyn gia,
hoc nhng ngi c kinh ngim i vi my. Chng ti s khng m bo an
ton nu ngi s dng c gng t sa cha nhng hng hc.
Cnh bo: Trc khi tin hnh kim tra bn trong my, phi ngt ngun
khi h thng.
Ngun hn
Qu trnh bo dng ngun hn thc hin lm sch bn trong my v kim tra
nh k mn ca cp v nhng ch ni b lng. Ngt ngun hn ra khi li
in, tho v my v s dng kh nn kh lm sch nhng bi bn tch t
trong my. Trong sut qu trnh lm sch khng c hng vi phun kh nn
vo cc chi tit in t. Kim tra ng dn kh m bo kh khng b r r ,
tun hon tt, cc ch ni khng b lng. Kim tra cn thn cc van in t.
Kim tra nh k cc con ln ca b cp dy v thay nu cc con ln b mn, khi
cc con ln qu mn th s nh hng ti tc cp dy (do dy b trt).
M hn
M hn c thit k thch hp lm vic nhit cao v chu c ng sut
ko/ xon ln. Chng ti khuyn rng khng nn vn xon dy cp v khng
nn s dng m hn ko my hn. Bi vy m cn c bo dng nh sau.

- Lm sch cc ng dn kh m bo kh tun hon tt.

- Thay im tip xc khi cm b bin dng.

- Lm sch ng dn dy bng cht triclotylen hoc dung dch c bit


khc.
- Kim tra lp cch in ca cp ngun, cc ch ni phi c iu kin c
kh v in t tt.
Thay th card in t.
Cnh bo: S tch in c th gy nguy him cho bng mch iu khin.
126
Nn mc qun o bo h chng tnh in khi lm vic vi bng mch hoc
cc chi tit ca chng.
S dng ti hoc hp chng tnh in ng gi v vn chuyn bng
mch.
Thc hin nh di y.
Tho np my hn.
Tho cc gic cm cung cp in t cho bng mch.
Thay card bng cch xoay kp mm 1/4 vng ngc chiu
kim ng h.
Tho card b hng.
Thao tc ngc li lp card mi.

Cc kh khn c th xy ra v bin php khc phc


Dy ngun c cho l nguyn nhn chnh ca phn ln nhng kh khn
chung. Trong trng hp b t, tun theo trnh t sau:
1) Kim tra gi tr in p ngun
2) Kim tra xem cp ngun c c ni hon ton vi cm v cng tc ngun
hay khng.
3) Kim tra cu ch ngun c b chy hoc lng khng.
4) Kim tra xem nhng nh hng sau:
Cng tc c cung cp vi my
cm v cp ngun.
Cng tc my hn.
Bng x l s c.
S c Nguyn nhn Gii php
Kim tra v u ni li
u ni sai.
theo hng dn s dng.
Cu ch ngun
Sa cha hoc thay
chy v b t Ngn mch ng c qut.
ng c.
mch.
Kim tra v thay bin
Ngn mch bin th
th nu cn thit.
u ni cm chuyn i Kim tra v thc hin
Cu ch ngun
in p b sai. u ni li theo hng dn
chy khi nhn cng s dng.
tc m.
Ngn mch Bin th Thay bin th mi.
Cu ch ngun Mch b hng. Thay bang mch
chy sau mt thi Cu ch khng cng sut. S dng cu ch ng
gian lm vic. cng sut (xem bng)
128
u ni sai. Kim tra v u ni li
theo hng dn.
My hn khng
cu ch ngun b chy. Tm nguyn nhn v
c dng.
thay th.
Cp hn cha ni ngun. Kim tra cp hn.
in p ngun khng n nh. Kim tra in p ngun
bng Vn k
Tit din cp qu nh. Thay cp c tit din
Dng hn khng thch hp.
n nh. Cc ch ni b lng. Kim tra cc ch ni
ca cp ngun v mch
in, vn cht cc ch ni
nu cn thit.
Dng hn khng Ngun cp b mt pha. Kim tra ngun.
.
Cu ch b ngng lm vic Mch iu khin in b
tam thi. hng.
Dy hn khng Bnh rng ng c b v. Cc con ln dn ng b
c cp. mn.
ng dn dy b hng im iu chnh dy b
mn.
Thay th Thay th
Kim tra v thay th. Thay th
Kim tra v thay th nu cn Thay th.
thit

Cc khuyt tt hn

S c Nguyn nhn Gii php


B mt mi hn b r Dy hn b hng. Thay dy hn
(trong hoc ngoi) Lng kh cp khng iu chnh lu lng
. kh.
ng h o lu lng Kim tra ng h o.
kh b hng.
B gim p b ng Kim tra b sy.
bng
Van t b hng. Kim tra.
ng dn dy tc. Lm sch ng dn dy.
ng dn kh b tc Lm sch cc ng
ng dn kh.
130

Bi bn khng kh. Lm sch b mt phi.


Dy hn hoc phi c Thay dy v lm sach
bm bi bn. phi.
Vt hn qu nh. Tng dng hn.
Xut hin vt nt.
Vt hn qu su. Gim in p hn
Vt hn qu su Gim in p v dng
hn.
Tc qu cao Gim tc xung.
C vt nt pha bn ca
mi hn. Dng hn qu thp v Tng tc cp dy
in p qu cao. v gim in p hn.
in p qu cao iu chnh in p.
ng dn dy b tc lm sch ng dn dy.
Bn to nhiu
nghing ca m qu iu chnh ng
ln nghing ca m hn.

S in
132

Hnh 17.55 S in

K hiu trn mch in


134

BLC : Cun dy ca cng tc t

BOB A-B-C : Cun bin th


CL : p t mt ca mch
CR : p t mt in p li
CT : R le
D : i t
EVG : Van kh
FCS C1 : Cng tc t iu chnh in p vo ().
FCS C2 : Cng tc t iu chnh in p vo (xanh)
Ib : Cun khi ng
IL : p t mt
L : n hiu
LS : n bo qu nhit
MCSC : Cng tc t iu chnh in p vo (trng)
MT : ng c
MV : ng c qut lm mt
P1 : Chit p iu chnh tc cp dy
P2 : Chit p iu chnh thi gian hn im
PM : Cc mt
PT : Cng tc m hn
R : in tr
RS : B chnh lu
SE : Bng mch in t
TA : Bin th ph
TM : M hn MIG/MAG
TP : Bin th chnh
TR : Chnh lu nhit
TT : Thit b bo v nhit bin th
V : Bin tr ca chnh lu th cp

Cc du ni dy mu
136

AN Vng en
AR Xanh
Ar Da cam
Az Xanh da tri
BR Trng
Bc Trng
Bl Xanh
GV Vng xanh
Gg Xm
Gl Vng
Mr Nu
NA en xanh
Nr en
RN en
Ro Hng
Rs
Vd Xanh
VI Tm
ngha ca cc k hiu trn my

Hnh 17.56 K hiu trn my

1. ng h o nhit 9.iu chnh thi gian chy ngc


2.iu chnh tc cp dy 10. Cm s dng gng tay bo h
3.iu chnh thi gian hn im 11.Cng tc iu chnh in p hn
4.My hn c th lm vic trong cc mi 12.Cnh bo
trng in t 13.Trc khi vn hnh my bn cn phi
5.Ni mt c k bn hng dn s dng ny
6.Nguy him: vi cc chi tit chuyn 14.Sn phm t tiu chun Chu u.
ng 15.Ph hu.
7.Nguy him v in
8.iu chnh cng sut ng c
ngha ca cc k hiu trn mc my
138

Hnh 17.57 K hiu trn my


1. Tn v a ch nh sn xut 12. Lp cch in

2.Tn h thng 13.Cp bo v

3.B chnh lu bin th 14.Sn phm t tiu chun Chu u

4.Cc iu kin dng hn 15.Gi tr ln nht ca di dng

5.Hn MIG/MAG 16.Gi tr dng tiu th ln nht

6.My hn c th lm vic trong mi giu 17.in p ti danh nh


trng in t
18.Dng hn danh nh
7.in p khng ti th cp
19.Chu k lm vic
8.Ngun cp v s pha
20.Dng hn v in p hn Max/ Min
9.Tn s danh nh
21.Tiu chun tham kho
10. in p danh nh
22.S series.
11.Lm mt bng kh bt buc
Danh mc cc chi tit
140

Hnh 17.58 Danh mc chi tit

STT M s Tn gi
1 020490 M hn
2 459683 Bnh xe trc
3 414326 Cht m
4 404971 my
5 459845 Bnh xe pha sau
6 402544 Trc xe
7 420792 V my c th tho c
8 420793 V my c nh
9 439306 Panel iu khin
10 352420 Panel trc
11 403611 Gic ni nhanh
12 239618 Cp

Danh mc cc chi tit


142

Hnh 17.59 Danh mc chi tit iu khin

STT M s Tn gi

1 453004 Chit p iu chnh in tr 100k(

2 438845 Nm vn (22

3 422154 V cng tc

4 435364 Cng tc

5 436363 n bo mu vng

6 438710 Cng tc iu chnh

7 453000 Chit p 1k(

8 438889 Nm vn (29

9 457651 cm cp m

10 434244 ng dn dy 115 mm

11 236634 cm
Danh mc cc chi tit
144

Hnh 17.60

STT M s Tn gi
1 240076 B cm bin
2 444573 ng c lm mt
3 486565 Qut lm mt
4 417722 Cng tc
5 413646 Cun dy ph
6 414231 Cp ngun
7 377023 iu khin PCB
8 481529 My bin p ph
9 485040 ng kh
10 419918 Cng tc t
11 425937 Van solenoit kh
12 430755 Vng hm kp cp
13 427875 Kp cp
14 478782 B n nhit ca chnh lu
15 455965 B chnh lu
16 211483 Cun bin th + thit b bo v nhit
17 478865 Role nhit bo v my bin p
18 211481 Cun dy my bin p
19 291161 My bin p c cng tc

Danh mc cc chi tit


146

Hnh 17.61

STT M s Tn gi

20 412921 Xch kho chai kh

21 447226 Gi chai kh

22 241847 Trc tang dy

23 240617 C cu dn dy c ng c bnh rng

24 352430 V panel trc.


C cu y dy

Hnh 17.62

STT M s Tn gi
148

1 434275 ng dn dy vo
2 676510 C cu cht p lc
3 437075 Bulng iu chnh p lc
4 356965 Cn iu chnh p lc
5 487803 Vt c nh
6 Tab.A Con ln cp dy (37 mm
7 458902 Con ln b ng (p lc)
8 487858 Trc iu chnh p lc
Cc chi tit yu cu.
Cc chi tit yu cu bao gm:
1) M s ca tm
2) Loi thit b
3) in p v tn s c trn mc my
4) S serial
V d
M tm th hai n.435364 i vi loi my hn SMARTMIG T25
5.Hng dn s dng KEMPOMAT
2500 - 3200 4200

Hnh 17.63
150
5.1 Khuyn ngh ca nh sn xut
Cc sn phm ca Kemppi c lp t ng v thng xuyn c bo
dng th s tng nng sut ca my. Ti liu hng dn s dng ny c b tr
gip bn hiu khi qut v thit b v vn hnh n an ton, ngoi ra cn cung
cp cc thng tin v bo dng v cc thng s k thut. Hy c k ti liu
hng dn s dng ny trc khi lp t, vn hnh v bo dng thit b.
bit thm thng tin chi tit v cc sn phm ca Kemppi, hy lin h vi nh
phn phi ca Kemppi gn nht.
Cc thng s v thit k c trnh by trong ti liu ny u c th c thay
i m khng cn bo trc.
Trong ti liu ny, th hin nguy him cht ngi hay chn thng th k
hiu sau c dng:
5.2 Gii thiu sn phm
Cc ngun hn Kempomat 3200 v 4200 l cc my hn MIG c thit k cho
cc ng dng cng nghip nng. Kempomat 2500 l my hn MIG c thit k
cho cc xng sa cha v s dng trong cc ng dng cng nghip nng v
nh.
Ngun hn
in p ngun ca ngun hn Kempomat 2500 l 3 pha, 230V/400V. in p
ngun ca ngun hn Kempomat 3200 l 3 pha, 230V/400V. iu chnh in p
hn 10 cp. iu chnh in p ca ngun hn 40 cp.
Trong dng sn phm Kempomat 4200 c cc n v khc nhau i vi in p
ngun 3 pha, 230 v 400V. iu chnh in p hn i vi ngun hn 230V
c thc hin 32 cp, ngun 400V 56 cp. Vn k/ampe k hin th in p
hoc dng hn.
B cp dy
B cp dy l thit b c nh trong thit b i vi sng hn c lm mt bng
kh. Kempomat 2500 c trang b c cu cp dy 2 con ln, Kempomat 3200
v 4200 c trang b c cu cp dy 4 con ln. B ph tng KMW sync cn
thit kt ni v s dng sng hn kiu y-ko.

5.3 An ton lao ng


Hy nghin cu k cc ch dn v an ton v thc hin khi lp t, vn
hnh v bo dng my.
152
H quang hn v bn to
H quang hn lm bng mt nu khng eo knh bo h, bi vy hy cn
thn vi cc tia h quang. H quang hn v bn to c th lm bng da, nn phi
thng xuyn trang b bo h lao ng y .
Nguy him do chy, n
Ch cc tiu chun an ton v chy, n. Loi b cc vt liu d chy, n
ra khi khu vc hn. Lun trang b y cc thit b cha chy khu
vc hn. Chun b ng ph kp thi i vi cc s c trong cc cng vic
hn c bit, v d nh nguy him t cy, n khi hn trong cc khu vc
kiu thng kn. Ch ! la c th bng ln t cc bn to vi gi sau khi
cng vic hn kt thc.
in p ngun
Khng c t my hn trong khu vc hn (v d nh thng kn,.. ).
Khng t my hn nhng ni m t. Thng xuyn kim tra cp trc khi
vn hnh my. Thay ngay cp b hng v cp hng c th gy ra chn thng
hoc gy chy. Khng c vt nng ln cp, hay t cp trn cc mp sc
hoc vt hn nng.
Mch ngun hn
Cch in bn thn bng cch trang b bo h lao ng y , khng
mc qun o t. Khng lm vic trn cc khu vc m t hoc dng cp b
hng. Khng t m hn MIG hoc cp hn trn my hn hoc trn cc thit b
in khc. Khng c nhn cng tc m hn khi m hn cha hng vo vt
hn.
Khi hn
Ni lm vic phi thng thong, hoc phi c trang b cc thit b thng
gi. c bit ch khi hn cc vt hn c cha ch, ct mi, km, thu ngn hoc
berili.
5.4. Lp t
5.4.1 V tr lp t my
t my trn nn kh v bng phng, khu vc t my khng c bi bn v
cc mnh kim loi xm nhp vo ng kh lm mt my.
- V tr t my phi cao hn mc sn.
- Khong cch trc v sau my ti thiu 20cm m bo tun hon kh lm
mt ton b my.
- Khng t my di tri ma hoc di nh nng trc tip.
154
Cp bo v ca my l IP23C, cho php v my chu cc tia nc gc
ti a l 600.

Hnh 17.64

5.4.2 u ni ngun
u ni cp ngun ch do ngi th in c kinh nghim m nhim.
Tho tm v my bn phi my thc hin u cp ngun.
Cc ngun hn Kempomat c trang b cp ngun 5m khng c phch
cm. Cp ngun ph hp vi mujc H07RN-F ca tiu chun CENELEC
HD22. Cp ngun phi thay i nu n khng p ng c cc tiu
chun a phng.
5.4.3 u ni cp hn
cp kiu S c dy mt bo v c mu vng-xanh. Cp c a vo
my qua l vo trn vch sau ca my v c kp cht bng 1 kp cp (05).
Cc dy pha ca cp c ghp vi cc u ni L1, L2 v L3. Dy mt c
mu vng-xanh c u ni vi cc mt c k hiu .
Nu bn dng cp c 5 dy, th bn phi ct dy 0 ti v bo v ca cp.
Kempomat 2500
in p nh mc 230V 400V
Cu ch, tr 16A 10A
Cp u ni 4 x 2,5 S mm2 4 x 2,5 S mm2
Kempomat 3200
in p nh mc 230V 400V
Cu ch, tr 20A 16A
Cp u ni 4 x 2,5 S mm2 4 x 2,5 S mm2
Kempomat 4200
in p nh mc 230V 400V
Cu ch, tr 25A 16A
Cp u ni 4 x 6,0 S mm2 4 x 2,5 S mm2
156

Hnh 17.65 Thay i in p ngun/Kempomat 2500, 3200

Kt ni v thay i cp ngun v ch do th in thc hin kt ni.

Hnh 17.66 Kt ni 3 pha 230V hoc 3 pha 400V ca in p ngun

Khi giao my, Kempomat 3200 v 2500 c u ni viin p ngun 3 pha


400V. thay i in p ngun trong my Kempomat 2500/3200, tho tm bn
ca my. Thay i kt ni theo s in. Bn tm s in tng ng trn
bng ch dn, di cm u ni.

Ch ! My Kempomat 4200 c u ni cho mt in p ngun duy nht!


5.4.4 Cp hn v dng hi tip
Bng di y th hin cc thng s ti ca cp ng c cch in
bng cao su, khi nhit mi trng l 250C v nhit dy dn l 850C.
Kempomat 2500
Tit din ngang ca cp Chu k lm vic Tiu hao in p/10m
Cu 100% 60% 30% cho 100A
25 mm2 180A 230A 330A 0.7V
35 mm2 225A 290A 410A 0.5V
Kempomat 3200, 4200
Cu 100% 60% 40% cho 100A
50 mm2 285A 370A 450A 0.35V
70 mm2 355A 460A 560A 0.25V
Khng cp hn vt qu cc gi tr cho php do in p ri v qu
nhit. Vn cht kp mt trn phi hn. Vng b mt tip xc phi cng rng
cng tt. Lm sch b mt tip xc khi sn v r st.
158
5.5. s dng b cp dy
5.5.1 Cc b phn ca c cu cp dy
Kempomat 2500

Hnh 17.67
Kempomat 3200, 4200
C cu cp dy c 4 con ln cp dy
160

Hnh 17.68

5.5.2 Lp h thng cp dy
B cp dy:
162
1. Gn cp hi dng vo u ni trn bng iu khin trc ca Kempomat.
2. Sng hn MIG c u ni vi u ni EURO ca b cp dy. Dng cc ng
dn dy v bp hn theo cc ch dn ca nh sn xut. Nu s dng cc ph tng
khng ph hp vi loi dy hn th s lm cn tr qu trnh cp dy.
3. (Kempomat 3200 v 4200)
Tc cp dy max
Khi my c giao th tc cp dy max. l 18m/ph, l i vi hu ht cc
cng vic hn. Nu bn cn tc cao hn th bn c th tng tc cp dy
max. ti 25 m/ph bng cch thay bnh rng ch ng trn trc ng c bng
bnh rng khc ln hn. Bnh rng ln D40 c giao cng b cp dy.
Khi cn thay i tc cp dy, thc hin nh sau:

Hnh 17.69
- M cht (20). Tho cc con ln cp dy di (21). Tho vt (23) v long en
ca n. Tho bnh rng D28 (24) ra khi trc ng c.
- Tho cc vt (25) (3 chic). Lp bnh rng D40 trn trc ng c. Vn cht vt
(23) cng vi long en ca n.
- t cc con ln cp dy (21) vo trc ca chng, tuy nhin vn cha vn cht
cc vt ca con ln cp dy (22).
- Nng ng c sao cho khe h rng gia bnh rng v c hai con ln cp dy
di khong 0,2mm.
- Vn cht cc vt (25). Kim tra cc khe h rng, khi cn t ng c v tr tt
hn. Vn cht cc vt ca cc con ln cp dy (22).
Nu khe h gia bnh rng v cc con ln cp dy qu nh th s gy
qu ti cho ng c. Nu khe h qu ln th lm mn nhanh cc rng
ca cc con ln cp dy v bnh rng.
4. ng cp khi bo v c lp vi gic ni nhanh vch sau ca thit b. Lp
chai kh v ng h kh, xem phn "Kh bo v".

5.5.3 Lp dy
Cc ph tng ph hp vi ng knh dy hn.
164
Cc con ln cp dy c cung cp c rnh thng, rnh c kha nhm v rnh
ch U cho cc mc ch khc nhau.
Kempomat 2500
Mu dy dy hn (mm inch
Trng 0.6 v 0.8 0.030
0.9/1.0 v 1.2 0.035, 0.045 v 0.052
ng dn dy
Vng cam 0.17-1.6 0.024-1/16

Kempomat 3200, 4200


Mu dy dy hn (mm inch
Trng 0.6 v 0.8 0.030
0.9/1.0 v 1.2 0.035, 0.045 v 0.052
Trng 1.4, 1.6 v 2.0 1/16 v 5/64
ng dn dy
Vvng cam 0.17-1.6 0.024-1/16

Cc con ln cp dy c rnh thng: con ln cp dy a nng hn mi


loi dy hn.
Con ln cp dy c kha nhm: con ln cp dy c bit dng cho cc dy
li thuc v dy thp.
Con ln cp dy c rnh ch U: con ln cp dy c bit dng cho dy
nhm.
Con ln cp dy c rnh hnh thang: dng hn cng sut ln.
Cc con ln cp dy c hai rnh dng cho ng knh dy khc nhau.
Rnh ca con ln cp dy ph hp c chn bng cch dch chuyn m (28)
t mt bn sang bn kia ca con ln cp dy.
Cc con ln cp dy v ng dn hng dy ca b cp dy c m mu
d phn bit.
166
Khi giao my, Kempomat c cung cp cng vi cc con ln cp dy
c rnh thng vi cc ng dn dy mu vng cam cho dy hn 0.9-1.2mm
(0.035", 0.045" v 0.052").
5.6 Lp m hn MIG
m bo hn khng c s c, phi c k cc ch dn i vi m hn c
dng, trong ng dn dy v bp hn theo khuyn ngh ca nh sn xut ph
hp vi ng knh v kiu dy hn c dng. Vn cht ng dn dy lm cho
p lc ca b cp dy ln hn thng thng cng nh cn tr qu trnh cp dy.
Vn cht u ni ca m hn s khng lm tiu hao in p trn b mt u ni.
u ni lng s lm nng m hn v b cp dy.
5.6.1 Lp v kho tang dy

- Tho cht kho ca trc tang dy bng cch vn nm kho 1/ 4 vng.

- Lp tang dy ng v tr ca n. Ch chiu quay ca tang dy.

- Kho tang dy bng nm kho, cht kho ca trc tang dy vn v tr


ngoi v s kho tang dy.
Kim tra xem trong tang dy c phn no nh ra khng v s n va
chm vi gm ca b cp dy. Cc b phn ko di c th lm l
gm ca b cp dy.

5.6.2 Cp dy t ng ti m hn
Cp dy t ng lm cho qu trnh thay tang dy nhanh hn. Khi thay tang dy,
khng cn gii phng p lc ca cc con ln cp dy v dy hn t ng c
cp ng.
- m bo rnh ca con ln cp dy ph hp vi ng knh ca dy hn c
dng. Rnh ca con ln cp dy c chn bng cch dch chuyn m chn
rnh (28). Ch ! cng c th dng tm chn thay i, rnh ca con ln cp
dy phi c dch chuyn tng ng.
168

- Rt u dy t tang dy v ct on b un cong. Cn thn dy khng b x


ra khi tang dy.
- Nn khong 20cm dy v xem u dy c sc khng (gia nu cn). Mp sc
c th lm hng ng dn dy v bp hn ca m hn.
- Ko mt on ngn dy ra khi tang dy. Cp dy qua ng lt ti cc con ln
cp dy. Khng gim p lc ca cc con ln.
- Nhn cng tc m cho n khi dy qua cc con ln cp dy ti m hn. Xem
dy c ng rnh ca c i con ln cp dy khng.
- Nhn cng tc m cho n khi dy ra khi bp hn.
i khi vic cp dy t ng khng thc hin c i vi dy mng (Fe, Fc,
Ss: 0,6...0,8mm, Al: 0,8...1,0 mm). Trong trng hp ny bn c th m cc con
ln cp dy v dy c cp bnh thng ti cc con ln cp dy.
iu chnh p lc ca con ln cp dy
iu chnh p lc ca cc con ln cp dy bng cc vt iu chnh (20) sao cho
dy c cp ng dn dy u n v cho php hm nh khi ra khi bp hn m
khng b trt ti cc con ln cp dy.
p lc con ln cp dy qu ln lm phng dy hn v hng lp m, cng c
th lm mn cc con ln cp dy do ma st.

5.7 iu chnh lc cng ca ci chn tang dy

Lc hm c iu chnh qua l trong thit b hm ca trc tang dy bng cch


vn vt iu chnh (41) bng cha vn vt.
iu chnh lc hm qu ln nhng dy khng c qu chng trn tang dy
n khng b tut ra khi tang dy khi tang dy ngng quay. Nu cn tng lc
hm th phi tng tc cp dy.Do ci hm chu ti ca ng c nn khng cn
thit phi vn cht.
170
5.8 Kh bo v

Vn chuyn chai kh cn thn. C th gy chn thng nu chai kh


hoc van kh b hng!

hn thp khng g, thng dng kh trn. Kim tra xem van kh c ph hp


vi kh c dng khng. Lu lng kh c iu chnh theo ngun hn c
dng trong cng vic. Lu lng kh ph hp thng thng l 8-10 lt/pht. Nu
lu lng kh khng ph hp th cht lng mi hn km. Lin h vi vn
phng i din ca Kemppi chn kh v thit b.

Lun lp chai kh t th ng trong mt kp c bit trn vch hoc


trn xe mang. Nh ng van chai kh sau khi kt thc qu trnh hn.

Cc chi tit ca b iu chnh lu lng kh


A Van kh
B Vt iu chnh p sut
C ai c ni
D Trc ng
E ai c
F p k ca chai kh
G p k ca dy hi

Cc ch dn lp t sau l ph hp cho hu ht cc loi b iu chnh kh:


1. M van chai kh (A) mt lt thi sch bi bn ra khi van.
2. Xoay vt iu chnh p lc (B) ca b iu chnh lu lng kh cho n khi
khng cn cm thy lc l xo.
3. ng van kim nu ch c 1 van trn b iu chnh kh.
4. Lp b iu chnh kh trn van chai kh v vn cht ai c (C) bng c l.
5. Lp trc ng (D) v ai c (E) vo dy hi ri vn cht kp dy hi.
6. Ni dy hi vi b iu chnh kh, cn u kia vi b cp dy. Vn cht ai
c (E).
7. M dn van chai kh, p k ca chai kh (F) hin th p sut ca chai kh. Ch
! khng dng ton b p sut ca chai kh. Chai kh nn c y khi p
sut ca chai kh l 2 bar.
8. M van kim nu c 1 van trn b iu chnh kh.
172
9. Vn vt iu chnh (B) cho n khi p k ca dy hi (G) hin th lu lng
yu cu (hoc p sut). Khi iu chnh lu lng th ngun hn v cng tc m
hn nn c nhn ng thi.
ng van chai kh sau khi kt thc qu trnh hn. Nu my khng s dng trong
mt thi gian di th thp vt iu chnh p lc.
5.9. vn hnh v s dng ngun hn
5.9.1 Cc bng iu khin ca Kempomat

5.9.2 Cc bng iu khin ca tang dy


Kempomat 2500
174
Kempomat 3200, 4200

5.9.3 B cp dy

5.9.4 Cc cng tc ngun v cc n mi


Cng tc ngun (Kempomat 2500 v 3200)
Ti v tr 0 th tt c cc mch dng hn v mch iu khin ca thit b u
khng lm vic (khng c in p). Ti v tr I th cc mch iu khin ca my
mi hot ng (c in p). Cc mch s cp v mch hn u khng lm vic,
nu chc nng hn khng c khi pht t c sng hn.
Cng tc ngun (Kempomat 4200)
Ti v tr 0 th tt c cc mch iu khin v dng hn ca thit b u khng
lm vic (khng c in p). Ti v tr 15-28V v 28-48V th mch iu khin v
qut lm mt ca thit b c in p. Cc mch s cp v hn u khng lm
vic, nu chc nng hn khng c khi pht t c sng hn.
Lun bt/tt my t cng tc ngun. Khng c s dng phch ngun bt/tt
thit b.
iu chnh din p hn
Bng iu chnh, v tr cc cng tc:
176
Kempomat 2500, in p hn c iu chnh bng mt cng tc quay 10
cp. Kempomat 3200 v 4200 th in p hn c iu chnh bng hai cng
tc quay. Kempomat 4200, trc tin chn vng in p hn khc t cng tc
ngun . C mt cng tc 4 cp iu chnh th, ti gi tr in p ca
tng cp c th c tinh chnh bng cng tc . Cng tc tinh chnh
Kempomat 3200 l cng tc 10 cp, Kempomat 4200 230V l 4 cp v
Kempomat 4200 400V l 7 cp.
Kempomat 2500 Kempomat 3200
Bc in in p mch h Chnh th Chnh tinh in p mch h
p
1 13,7V 1/4 1/10-10/10 15,5-18,2 V
2 15,2V 2/4 1/10-10/10 18,6-22,5 V
3 16,9V 3/4 1/10-10/10 23,1-29,3 V
4 18,8V 4/4 1/10-10/10 30,4-41,6 V
5 20,8V
6 23,0V
7 25,5V
8 28,3V
9 31,4V
10 34,9V

Kempomat 4200
Cng tc ngun Chnh th Chnh tinh Chnh tinh /p mch h
(400V) (230V)
15-28V 1/4 1/7-7/7 1/4-4/4 14,17-16,3V
15-28V 2/4 1/7-7/7 1/4-4/4 16,17-18,8V
15-28V 3/4 1/7-7/7 1/4-4/4 19,2-22,0V
15-28V 4/4 1/7-7/7 1/4-4/4 22,5-26,1V
28-48V 1/4 1/7-7/7 1/4-4/4 27,1-30,0V
28-48V 2/4 1/7-7/7 1/4-4/4 30,5-34,2V
28-48V 3/4 1/7-7/7 1/4-4/4 34,9-39,7V
28-48V 4/4 1/7-7/7 1/4-4/4 40,5-47,1V

Cc n mi ca my theo chc nng in:


178
n mi xanh biu th rng my sn sng lm vic, khi my c kt ni
vi ngun v bn chn di in p hn t cng tc ngun.
n mi vng biu th chc nng bo v nhit, khi chc nng bo v nhit
ca mch hn lm vic do qu nhit. Chc nng bo v nhit lm vic khi ngun
hn b qu nhit hoc tun hon kh lm mt b tc.
Qut lm mt lm mt my sau khi n mi tt, my sn sng lm vic.
Cu ch iu khin
Trn tm sau ca ngun hn c cu ch 8A l bo v ngn mch. Dng cu
ch c kch thc v kiu ph hp vi yu cu. Nu s dng cu ch phi tiu
chun th s khng c bo hnh.
5.9.5 iu chnh th ca h quang
th ca h quang c iu chnh bng cch kt ni cp hi dng vi
mt trong hai gic ni trn tm trc.
u ni c k hiu I cho h quang th hn, dng hn tm mng v
kim loi c cha st vi dy 0.17-1.0mm v c bit vi kh bo v CO2. u
ni c k hiu II thch hp hn dy ng knh ln hn, c bit hn
nhm v thp khng g. Tuy nhin, th thch hp nht ph thuc vo ng
dng hn. Bn s tm c t th tt nht bng cch th cc t th khc nhau.
5.9.6 Hot ng ca qut lm mt
Qut lm mt trn tm sau ca my Kempomat c khi pht v dng
theo nhu cu s dng. Qut lm mt c khi pht sau khi khi pht hn 15
giy v dng sau khi kt thc qu trnh hn 10 pht hoc ngt chc nng bo v
nhit.
Ch ! Qut lu thng kh t pha tm sau! Khng ngt ngun thit b
trwocs khi qut t ng ngt. Do h mch th qut lm mt s khng khi ng
c.
5.10. Cc bng iu khin v iu chnh
5.10.1 Chit p iu chnh tc cp dy
Tc cp dy c iu chnh v cp bng chit p trn panel trc.
Chit p c thang nh vi tc ln nht 18m/p v 25m/p.
5.10.2 Thi gian chy ngc
Cc vt liu hn v kh bo v khc nhau c cch kt thc qu trnh hn
khc nhau, do bn phi ngt dng hn c tr, ph hp ngng cp dy theo
ng dng hn.
180
Nu bn c gng kt thc qu trnh hn vi thi gian chy ngc khng
ph hp th dy hn s b chy trong bp hn, c git x hn ln u dy, hoc
dy hn s b dnh.
Cc nhn t nh hng n tr:
Tc cp dy c nh hng ng k n thi gian chy ngc. Vi tc cp
dy thp th lun chn thi gian chy ngc ngn
- Kh nng chy ca nhm cao hn cc vt liu gc thp, do thi gian
chy ngc phi thp hn.
- Cc dy thp v cc dy hn c bit yu cu thi gian chy ngc di
hn vt liu thp khng g.
- Cc dy hn ng knh ln hn th yu cu thi gian chy ngc di
hn. Tng tc cp dy th thi gian chy ngc yu cu cng di hn.
Tinh chnh c thc hin theo tng trng hp c th.
- Thang o iu chnh chit p.
- Cng tc y dy khi ng ng c cp dy v c cu cp dy, nhng
khng khi ng ngun.
Dy hn c th c dn ng ti b cp dy, sng hn v cp lin hp vi
cng tc ca sng hn, ri ngun hn cung c khi ng v dy c cp
nhng trng hp ny c th gy nguy him khi v tnh tip xc vi cc vt
xung quanh.

5.10.3 Cc chc nng ca KMW TIMER


iu khin gm hn vi thao tc ng-m ca c sng hn, c gi l
trnh t 2T. B nh thi KMW cng c trnh t hn 4T, bn c th nh c sng
trong thi gian hn cng nh b nh thi gian cp dy, gip bn iu khin
c qu trnh hn im hoc chu k.
Trnh t hn 2/4T
Trnh t hn 2T
1. Nhn c sng: qu trnh hn bt u
182
2. Nh c sng: qu trnh hn kt thc
Trnh t hn 4T
1. Nhn c sng: kh bo v thi
2. Nh c sng: qu trnh hn bt u
3. Nhn c sng: qu trnh hn kt thc
4. Nh c sng: kh ngng thi sau thi gian kh sau.
Hn im, chu k v hn lin tc
(ch lm vic trnh t hn 2T)
Hn im
1. t thi gian hn bng chit p
2. Nhn c sng: qu trnh hn bt u
3. Qu trnh hn t ng kt thc sau thi gian t
Hn theo chu trnh
1. t thi gian ca chu trnh hn bng chit p. Thi gian dng c iu
chnh t ng.
2. Nhn c sng: qu trnh hn bt u v tip tc khi nhn c sng.

5.11. ph tng

Vn k/ampe k MSD 1
lp MSD 1, phi tho tm v ca panel trc ca thit b.
u ni ca cp dt kp cht vi tm v c ni vi u i tng ng ca
MSD 1. T thit b o, bn c th chn hin th in p hoc dng. Do mch h,
ch c gi tr in p c hin th do khng c dng hn. Gi tr in p l in
p gia cc u ni hn ca thit b hoc in p u cui. Gi tr ca in p
mch h khng quan trng i vi qu trnh hn, do mn hnh ca thit b o
c iu chnh theo tnh hung hn. Mn hnh ca in p mch h sai khc 1-
2V so vi in p thc t. Khi hn, in p u cui thay i v in p h
quang sai khc in p u cui do cp,... chnh xc ca gi tr in p tng
ng vi gi tr thc l (4%(0.2V bng cc gi tr hn theo tiu chun. chnh
xc ca dng hn tng ng vi gi tr thc (2.5%(2A. Thit b o khng hin
th cc gi tr cp dy. MSD1 khng cn bt c s hiu chnh no trong
Kempomat. Cc v tr cng tc: V= hin th in p, A = hin th dng hn.
184
5.11.1 KMW SYNC
Sng hn kiu y-ko phn ln c s dng cp cc dy nhm
mng, khi yu cu khong cch trn 5m. Bn c th kt ni sng hn trang b
vi gic ni EURO vi b KMW sync. Chit p ca sng hn kiu y - ko
c ni vi u ni, lp trn vch trc ca Kempomat. Bn c th kt ni vi
u ni ny vi vi chit p khc c cc gi tr ph hp vi n. Vi cng tc ca
b ny, c th chn hot ng ca Kempomat hoc sng hn kiu y-ko.
5.11.2 Lp KMW SYNC
Ph tng ca KMW c card in t, chit p, bo v cng tc, cp dt v vt
kp.
1. Tho tm bn cng nh khung my v tm v panel ca b cp dy.
2. Tho cc nm bo v cc l trn tm panel.
3. Lp card in t ca b nh thi KMW bng cch cc cht ca cng tc
v trc chit p tp trung qua cc l.
4. Lp np bo v cng tc trn cc cht.
5. Vn cht card vi mp sau ca bng hai vt. Khng vn cht qu. Lp
tm v vi khung ca n li ch c.
6. Xoay trc chit p theo chiu kim ng h vo v tr. Lp chit p trn
trc sao cho vch s hin th ch s ln hn 1.5s. Kim tra li xem nm
c th quay t do c khng v cc v tr khc vch s hin th gi tr
nh hn 0.1s. Hiu chnh nu cn. Lp chp bo v nm.
7. Kt ni 1 u ni ca cp dt vi u ni ca card b nh thi KMW.
8. Kt ni u kia ca cp dt vi gic ca b nh thi KMW trn card iu
khin A001.
9. Lp li tm sau vo ng v tr ca n.
186
5.12. x l s c
Thi gian s dng v mi trng lm vic cn c ch khi xy dng tn sut
bo dng Kempomat. S dng cn thn v bo dng thng xuyn m bo
my lm vic khng c s c.
Cc hot ng bo dng nn c thc hin ti thiu 6 thng mt ln:
B cp dy:
- Mn rnh trn cc con ln cp dy. Rnh qu mn c th gy s c trong qu
trnh cp dy.
- Mn ng dn dy
- ng dn dy phi c t cng gn con ln cp dy cng tt, nhng khng
c chm vo v dy phi thng t u ng dn dy ti rnh ca con ln cp
dy.
- iu chnh ci chn tang dy
- Cc kt ni in
* Cc khp ni b xy ho phi c lm sch.
* Cc khp ni lng phi c vn cht.
Lm sch bi bn v tp cht ra khi thit b.
5.13. Bo dng nh k
Thi gian s dng v mi trng lm vic cn c ch khi xy dng
tn sut bo dng my. S dng cn thn v bo dng thng xuyn m bo
my lm vic khng c s c.
Cc thao tc chnh trong trnh t bo dng c lit k di y:
- Lm sch my
- Kim tra v bo dng cc dng c hn
- Kim tra cc u ni, cng tc v chit p
- Kim tra cc u ni in
- Kim tra cp ngun
- Cc b phn b hng phi c thay th ngay lp tc
- Kim tra bo dng. Cc gi tr hot ng v hiu sut ca my u c kim
tra, v c iu chnh khi cn nh thit b th.
5.13.1 Cp
Kim tra iu kin hn v cc cp u ni hng ngy. Khng dng cp
hng. m bo rng cc cp ngun a vo s dng u an ton v ph hp vi
188
cc tiu chun. Sa cha v u ni cp ngun ch do th in lnh ngh thc
hin.
5.13.2 Ngun hn
Kim tra ti thiu 6 thng 1 ln:
- Cc u ni in ca my - lm sch cc phn b xy ho v vn cht nhng
ch b lng.
- Ch ! phi iu chnh mmen xon ph hp trc khi bt tay vo u ni.
- Lm sch bi bn trn cc b phn bn trong my bng vi sch. Lm sch bi
trn cc cnh tn nhit.
- Khng dng kh nn, v bi c th dn vo cc khe h ca tit din lm mt.
- Khng dng cc thit b ty ra p sut.
- Ch nhng th in lnh ngh mi c php sa cha my.

5.14. M ph tng
Kempomat 2500 230/400V 621425002
Kempomat 3200 230/400V 621432002
Kempomat 4200 230V 6214422
Kempomat 4200 400V 6214124
KMW sync 2 (thit b ng b ho) 6219150
MSD 1 (Ampe/vn k) 6185666
GH 20 (kp sng hn) 6256020
Trc lp tang dy 4289880
MT 25 3m 6252023
MT 25 4,5m 6252024
KMG 25 3m 6252123
190

KMG 25 4,5m 6252124


KMG 32 3m 6253033
KMG 32 4,5m 6253034
MMT 25 3m 6252513MMT
MMT 25 4,5m 6252514MMT
MMT 27 3m 6252713MMT
MMT 27 4,5m 6252714MMT
MMT 32 3m 6253213MMT
MMT 32 4,5m 6253214MMT
MMT 35 3m 6253513MMT
MMT 35 4,5m 6253514MMT
WS 35 (Al 1.2) 6m 6253516A12
WS 35 (SS 1.0) 6m 6253516S10
MMT 42 3m 6254213MMT
MMT 42 4,5m 6254214MMT
KMP 300 6m 6257306
KMP 300 8m 6257310
Cp phn nhnh KMP/Kempomat 3151360
Cp mt 25mm2 5m 6184211
Cp mt 35mm2 5m 6184311
Cp mt 50mm2 5m 6184511
Cp mt 70mm2 5m 6184711

5.15. cc thng s k thut


Kempomat 2500
in p nh mc 230/400 V
in p kt ni
3 pha 400V 380V-10%...415 V+6%
3 pha 230V 220V-10%...240V+6%
192
Kh nng kt ni
230V / 400V
30%ED 9.2kVA
60%ED 5.9kVA
100%ED 4.0kVA
30%ED 250A/26V
60%ED 180A/23V
100%ED 140A/21V
Phm vi iu chnh 40-250A/14-26V
Cc bc iu chnh in p 10 cp
in p mch h max 35V
Hiu sut 250A/26V 75%
H s cng sut 250A/26V 0.95
Cu ch 8A tr
B cp dy c 2 con ln cp dy
ng knh con ln cp dy 32 mm
I 0...18m/p
Tc cp dy
II 0...25m/p
Fe, Ss 0,6...1,2 mm
( li thuc 0,8...1,2mm
Al 1,0...1,2mm
Dy hn
Trng lng
20 kg
max
Kch thc max 300mm
u ni sng hn Euro
Cp nhit H (1800C)
Phm vi nhit lm vic -20...+400C
Phm vi nhit bo qun -40...+600C
Cp bo v IP 23C

Di 930mm
Kch thc bao
Rng 440mm
Cao 860mm
Trng lng my 80 kg

Kempomat 3200
in p nh mc 230/400 V
in p kt ni
3 pha 400V 380V-10%...415 V+6%
3 pha 230V 220V-10%...240V+6%
Kh nng kt ni
194
230V / 400V
40%ED 13.6kVA
60%ED 10.0kVA
100%ED 6.6kVA
Kh nng ti
(gi tr danh nh)
40%ED 320A/32V
60%ED 265A/27V
100%ED 205A/24V
Phm vi iu chnh 40-250A/15-32V
Cc bc iu chnh in p 40 cp
in p mch h max 42V
Hiu sut 250A/26V 75%
H s cng sut 250A/26V 0.95
Cu ch 8A tr
B cp dy c 4 con ln cp dy
ng knh con ln cp dy 32 mm
Tc cp dy I 0...18m/p
II 0...25m/p
Dy hn Fe, Ss 0,6...1,2 mm
( li thuc 0,8...1,6mm
Al 1,0...1,6mm
Tang dy
Trng lng max 20 kg
Kch thc max 300mm
u ni sng hn Euro
Cp nhit H (1800C)
Phm vi nhit lm vic -20...+400C
Phm vi nhit bo qun -40...+600C
Cp bo v IP 23C
Kch thc bao
Di 970mm
Rng 480mm
Cao 970mm
Trng lng my 118 kg

Kempomat 4200
in p nh mc 230/400 V
in p kt ni
3 pha 400V 380V-10%...415 V+6%
3 pha 230V 220V-10%...240V+6%
Kh nng kt ni
196
230V / 400V
40%ED 18.5kVA
60%ED 13.5kVA
100%ED 9.0kVA
Kh nng ti
(gi tr danh nh)
40%ED 420A/37,5V
60%ED 325A/31V
100%ED 265A/27V
Phm vi iu chnh 40-420A/15-37,5V
Cc bc iu chnh in p 32 cp/ngun 230V
56 cp/ngun 400V
in p mch h max 48V
Hiu sut 250A/26V 80%
H s cng sut 250A/26V 0.95
Cu ch 8A tr
B cp dy c 4 con ln cp dy
ng knh con ln cp dy 32 mm
Tc cp dy I 0...18m/p
II 0...25m/p
Dy hn Fe, Ss 0,6...1,2 mm
( li thuc 0,8...1,6mm
Al 1,0...1,6mm
Tang dy
Trng lng 20 kg
max
Kch thc max 300mm
u ni sng hn Euro
Cp nhit H (1800C)
Phm vi nhit lm vic -20...+400C
Phm vi nhit bo qun -40...+600C
Cp bo v IP 23C
Kch thc bao
Di 970mm
Rng 480mm
Cao 970mm
Trng lng my 130 kg
6 Cng tc an ton:
- Khng dng my nn kh thi vo b phn din t ca my
- Ch kim tra, sa cha khi chc chn rng ngun in c rt ra
khi my.
- iu chnh dng in v cc tnh ch tin hnh khi khng hn
198
- Ch c nhng ngui c trch nhim mi c ng m cu dao h thng
in my hn.
- S dng ng in p u vo ca my
- Cnh bo an ton theo thng l quc t

Bi tp v sn phm thc hnh bi 17.2

Kin thc:

Cu 1: Cho bit cc bc thc hin lp ghp thit b hn MIG/MAG

K nng:
200
Bi tp ng dng: Lp ghp, vn hnh my hn (MIG/MAG NBC - 350)*
v t ch hn gip mi tm nhm dy 6mm.
(*C th s dng my khc hin c ty diu kin ti xng)

Bi 3: HN LIN KT GC
THP CC BON THP V TR HN 1F
M bi: 17.3
202
Gii thiu:

Mi hn gc thp cc bon thp c s dng nhiu trong ch to kt cu,


c bit l trong ch to dm, x nh cng nghip. tng nng sut, cht lng
mi hn v hn ch bin dng nhit kt cu ngi ta thng s dng phng
php MAG.

Mc tiu:
- Trnh by cc thng s c bn ca mi hn gc, v ng dng ca chng.
- Nu c k thut hn gc v tr 1F
- Chun b phi hn ng kch thc bn v.
- Chn ch hn, lu lng kh bo v ph hp vi chiu dy vt liu v
kiu lin kt hn gc.
- Chn cch dao ng m hn thch hp cho mi hn gc.
- Hn mi hn gc 1F m bo su ngu, t r kh, khng khuyt cnh, t
bin dng, ng kch thc bn v.
- Lm sch, kim tra nh gi c ngoi dng mi hn.
- Sa cha cc khuyt tt mi hn khng xy ra ph phm vt hn.
- Thc hin tt cng tc an ton v v sinh phn xng.
Ni dung:
1- Cng tc chun b.

10 14 18
2 -3 4 -6 7 -9 23 -30
-12 -18 -22
K( nh nht ) 2 3 4 5 6 8 10

2- G nh phi
Sau khi chun b phi ta tin hnh chn thng s hn nh. Tin hnh hn
nh khong cch t mp vt hn n mi hn nh l 10mm, chiu di ca mi
nh l 15mm, khong cch gia cc mi nh khng ln hn 300mm

3 - K thut hn
204
- iu chnh ng gc que hn
+ Gc nghing ca m hn so vi trc ng hn ngc vi hng hn:
70 800
0

+ Gc nghing ca m hn so vi tm thnh v tm cnh l 450

- Chn ch hn hp l
Ch hn theo chiu dy vt liu trong bng sau:
Chiu dy Ih (A) Uh (V)
Tc cp dy Phn nh in Lu lng kh
vt liu ( m/pht) cc (mm) (lt/pht)
= 6mm 100 20 3 12 8 10

4 -Trnh t thc hin


Ni
dung Dng c
TT Hnh v minh ha Yu cu t c
cng thit b
vic
6

- Nm c cc
50

6
GMAW
6
kch thc c bn
1 c
- Hiu c yu
bn
200 100 cu k thut
v
YCKT: Mi hn ng kch
thc, khng khuyt tt
206
- Phi phng,
thng khng b
pavia, ng kch
Ki
thc
m tra
- nh sch mt
phi,
phi bng bn
chun
chi st hoc my
b Thc l, mi tay
mp ba tay, + Dy hn d= 1.6
hn da, bn
2 - My hn kempi
- tri thp,
- Lm sch phi
Chn my hn
MAG. bng Acetone
ch
- Chn dng DC-

- Dng in hn Ih
hn,
= 100A
g
- in p 20V
nh
- Kh BV 15 l/p
- Dao ng rng
ca
- ng gc m
- Dao ng rng
ca
Tin
Thit b - Kt thc ng k
3 hnh hn MAG. thut, sau 5s k t
hn
khi h quang tt
mi rt m ra khi
mi hn

- Pht hin c
cc khuyt tt ca
Kim
4 mi hn
tra
- Kim tra bng
mt v thc o
208
5. Khuyt tt ca mi hn, nguyn nhn v cch phng nga

T
Tn Hnh v minh ha Nguyn nhn Cch khc phc
T
- Dng in hn - Gim cng
ln dng in
- H quang di - S dng h
1 Chy cnh - Dao ng m quang ngn.
khng hp l - Dao ng que
hn ph hp
- Do cng - Tng cng
dng in hn dng in hn v
thp hn vi h quang
2 - V sinh mp ngn
R kh
hn khng t - V sinh sch s
yu cu mp hn
- Lu lng kh - Tng lu lng
bo v thp kh bo v
Mi hn b
- Do tc hn
li cao , - Tng tc hn
chm
3 dy hn - Giamt tc
- Tc y dy
dnh trn y dy
nhanh
mt mi
hn

6. Phng php kim tra cht lng mi hn:


Kim tra ngoi dng bng mt thng (hoc knh lp) v kim tra mi
hn bng thc xc nh:
- B mt v hnh dng vy mi hn.
- Cnh ca mi hn.
- im bt u, kt thc ca mi hn.
- Khuyt tt ca mi hn: Chy cnh, ln x...

7. An ton lao ng v v sinh phn xng.

- Trong cng tc bo qun bnh cha kh v van iu p.


- Khi hn
- phng in git, nh sng h quang
- An ton khi s dng thit b.
210

Bi tp v sn phm thc hnh bi 17.3

Kin thc:

Cu 1: Trnh by cng tc chun b, tnh ton ch hn cho mi hn gc


ch T v tr bng 1F vi chiu dy phi l 6 mm.

Cu 2: Hy nu k thut hn gc ch T c vt cnh v tr hn bng 1F.

K nng:

Bi tp ng dng: Hn gc 1F - bn v km theo.

- V tr hn: 1F

- Phng php hn: GMAW

- Vt liu: Thp tm dy 8 mm, vt liu CT3 hoc tng ng.

- Vt liu hn: Dy hn ER70S-3 1.8mm

- Thi gian: 01 gi (k c thi gian chun b v g nh)

Yu cu k thut:
- Kim loi mi hn bm u hai cnh
- Mi hn ng kch thc, khng b khuyt tt
212

CH DN I VI HC SINH THC HIN BI TP NG DNG

1. Bi tp ng dng phi thc hin ng phng php, ng v tr hn theo


qui nh.

2. Phi phi c c nh trn gi hn trong sut qu trnh hn.

3. Cc mi hn nh c chiu di khng qu 15 mm.

4. Phng php hn: GMAW

5. Thi gian cho php chnh my v th trc khi hn l 10 pht.

6. Tng im v kt cu im ca cc bi nh sau:

Tng s im ti a cho bi: 100 im, kt cu nh sau:

a, im ngoi dng khch quan: Tng cng 70 im

b, im tun th cc qui nh: 30 im

- Thi gian thc hin bi tp vt qu 25% thi gian cho php s khng
c nh gi.

- Th sinh phi tuyt i tun th cc qui nh an ton lao ng, cc qui


nh ca xng thc tp, nu vi phm s b nh ch thc tp.
214
nh gi kt qu hc tp

Kt qu
Cch thc v im thc
T
Tiu ch nh gi phng php ti hin ca
T
nh gi a ngi
hc
I Kin thc
Cc loi dng c, thit b dng
1 2
trong hn MIG, MAG Vn p, i chiu
Lit k y cc loi dng c vi ni dung bi
1.1 hc 1
dng trong hn MIG, MAG
Lit k y cc loi thit b
1.2 1
dng trong hn MIG, MAG
Lm bi t lun,
Trnh by cng tc chun b v
2 i chiu vi ni 1,5
g nh phi hn ng
dung bi hc
Chn ch hn ca mi hn
3 1.5
gc 1F
Lm bi t lun v
Trnh by cch chn ng knh
3.1 trc nghim, i 0,5
dy hn ph hp
chiu vi ni dung
Trnh by cch chn cng
3.2 bi hc 0,5
dng in, in th hn ng
Trnh by cch chn lu lng
3.3 0,5
kh ph hp
Trnh by k thut hn mi hn Lm bi t lun,
4 gc 1F ca phng php hn i chiu vi ni 2
MAG, MIG ng dung bi hc
Trnh t thc hin mi hn gc
5 1F ca phng php hn MAG, Lm bi t lun, 1,5
MIG i chiu vi ni
Nu y cng tc chun b: dung bi hc
5.1 0,5
c bn v; Chun b phi hn
Trnh by ng gc m hn,
5.2 cch giao ng m hn, hng 0,5
hn.
Nu chnh xc cch kim tra
5.3 0,5
mi hn
Lm bi t lun,
Trnh by y cng tc an
i chiu vi ni 1,5
6 ton v v sinh cng nghip
dung bi hc
10
Cng:
216
II K nng
Kim tra cng tc
Chun b y dng c, thit b
chun b, i
1 ng theo yu cu ca bi thc 1
chiu vi k
tp
hoch lp
Quan st cc thao
Vn hnh v s dng thnh tho tc, i chiu vi
2 1,5
thit b, dng c hn MIG, MAG quy trnh vn
hnh
Kim tra cng tc
Chun b y vt liu ng chun b, i
3 1
theo yu cu ca bi thc tp chiu vi k
hoch lp
Chn ng ch hn khi hn Kim tra cc yu
4 gc v tr 1F ca phng php cu, i chiu vi 1,5
hn MAG, MIG tiu chun.
S thnh tho v chun xc cc
Quan st cc thao
thao tc khi hn gc v tr 1F
5 tc i chiu vi 2,5
ca phng php hn MAG,
quy trnh thao tc.
MIG
6 Kim tra cht lng mi hn 2,5
6.1 Mi hn m bo su ngu 0,5
Mi hn ng kch thc (cnh K
6.2 Theo di vic 0,5
ca mi hn ).
thc hin, i
Mi hn khng b khuyt tt (ln
chiu vi quy
6.3 x, chy cnh, mi hn b li 1
trnh kim tra
cao )
kt cu hn bin dng trong
6.4 0,5
phm vi cho php

Cng: 10
III Thi
1 Tc phong cng nghip 5

1.1 i hc y , ng gi Theo di vic 1


thc hin, i
1.2 Khng vi phm ni quy lp hc chiu vi ni quy 1
ca trng.
Theo di qu
trnh lm vic,
1.3 B tr hp l v tr lm vic i chiu vi tnh 1
cht, yu cu ca
cng vic.
1.4 Tnh cn thn, chnh xc Quan st vic 1
218
thc hin bi tp
Quan st qu
thc hp tc lm vic theo t, trnh thc hin
1.5 1
nhm bi tp theo t,
nhm
Theo di thi
m bo thi gian thc hin bi gian thc hin bi
2 tp tp, i chiu vi 2
thi gian quy
nh.
m bo an ton lao ng v v
3 3
sinh cng nghip Theo di vic
3.1 Tun th quy nh v an ton thc hin, i 1
y bo h lao ng( qun o chiu vi quy
3.2 bo h, th hc sinh, giy, m, nh v an ton 1
ym da, gng tay da,) v v sinh cng
V sinh xng thc tp ng quy nghip
3.3 1
nh
Cng: 10

KT QU HC TP

Kt qu Kt qa
Tiu ch nh gi H s
thc hin hc tp
Kin thc 0,3
K nng 0,5
Thi 0,2

Cng:
220

Bi 4 : HN GIP MI THP CC BON THP V TR 1G


M bi: 17.4

Gii thiu:

Mi hn gip mi thp cc bon thp c s dng nhiu trong ch to kt


cu, c bit l trong ch to v tu. tng nng sut, cht lng mi hn v
hn ch bin dng nhit kt cu ngi ta thng s dng phng php MAG.

Mc tiu:
- Trnh by c k thut hn gc thp cc bon v tr 1G bng phng
php hn MAG
- Trnh by cc thng s c bn ca mi hn nh: Chiu cao, b rng ca
mi hn, gc vt, khe h, chiu dy mp vt ca phi hn.
- Chun b phi hn sch, thng, phng v cc loi dng c, thit b hn y
.
- Chn ch hn ph hp vi chiu dy vt liu, kiu lin kt hn, v tr
hn.
- G phi hn, hn nh chc chn ng kch thc.
- Trnh by k thut hn mi hn gip mi khng vt mp v c vt mp
bng phng php hn MIG/MAG.
- Hn mi hn gip mi m bo su ngu, t r kh, chy cnh v t bin
dng
- Kim tra nh gi ng cht lng mi hn.
- Thc hin cng tc an ton v v sinh phn xng.
II . Ni dung:
1. Cng tc chun b mi hn gip mi v tr 1G
222

2.G phi v hn nh

Sau khi g nh phi ta bt u lm sch v hai pha ca mp vt hn t


20 30mm n nh kim bng phng php c hc hoc ha hc.

3.K thut hn
Thao tc hn
- Gc nghing ca m hn so vi trc ng hn ngc vi hng hn:
700 800
- Gc nghing ca m hn so vi mt phng cu vt hn nging mt gc
0
l 90

4. Trnh t thc hin


TT Ni Dng c Hnh v minh ha Yu cu t
224
dung
cng Thit b c
vic

- Nm c
cc kch
c bn thc c bn
1
v - Hiu c
yu cu k
thut

- Phi thng
Kim phng khng
tra phi c pa via
Thc l,
chun b - Phi ng
ba tay, da,
mi hn kch thc
bn tri
2 chn - Chn ch
thp, my
thng s hn nh
hn MAG
hn g hp l
nh - Mi nh
nh gn
chc chn
- m bo an
ton cho
ngi v
thit b
- Ngi ng
Tin t th, que
Thit b hn
3 hnh hn ng
MAG.
hn
gc
- Bt u v
kt thc
ng hn
ng k
thut
226

Pht hin
Kim c khuyt
4
tra tt ca mi
hn

5. Khuyt tt thng gp v bin php phng nga.


Tn
T
khuyt Hnh v minh ha Nguyn nhn Cch khc phc
T
tt
- Do vn tc hn - iu chnh dng
nhanh, dng in in, tc hn
Mi
hn hn ln hp l
1 - Do dao ng m - Dng h quang
chy
cnh hn khng c im hai mp hn
dng ti cc bin
dao ng
- Thiu kh bo
v. - Tng lu lng
Mi
2 hn b - Do hn trong kh bo v
r kh mi trng c gi - Che chn gi ti
thi vi vn tc khu vc hn
gi > 5m/giy
3 Mi Do vn tc hn - Thay i li ch
hn chm, lng kim hn
khng loi nng chy
- Tng tc hn
ln dn n tnh
ngu
trang chy trn
kim loi lng ln
pha trc vng
hn cn tr s
228
nng chy ca
kim loi c bn

6. Phng php kim tra cht lng mi hn:


Kim tra ngoi dng bng mt thng (hoc knh lp) v kim tra mi
hn bng thc xc nh:
- B mt v hnh dng vy mi hn.
- Cnh ca mi hn.
- im bt u, kt thc ca mi hn.
- Khuyt tt ca mi hn: Chy cnh, r kh trn b mt mi hn...

7. An ton lao ng v v sinh phn xng.


- Trang b y bo h lao ng.
- Khu vc hn phi c thng gi tt m bo lng xy cho ngi
th.
- Cnh bo an ton
230

Bi tp v sn phm thc hnh bi 17.4

Kin thc:

Cu 1: Trnh by cng tc chun b, tnh ton ch hn cho mi hn gip


mi v tr bng 1G vi chiu dy phi l 8 mm
K nng:

Bi tp ng dng: Hn gc 1G - bn v km theo.

- V tr hn: 1G

- Phng php hn: GMAW

- Vt liu: Thp tm dy 6 mm, vt liu CT3 hoc tng ng.

- Vt liu hn: Dy hn ER70S-3 1.8mm

- Thi gian: 01 gi (k c thi gian chun b v g nh)


232

Yu cu k thut:
- Mi hn ng kch thc
- Mi hn khng b khuyt tt

CH DN I VI HC SINH THC HIN BI TP NG DNG

1. Bi tp ng dng phi thc hin ng phng php, ng v tr hn theo


qui nh.

2. Phi phi c c nh trn gi hn trong sut qu trnh hn.

3. Cc mi hn nh c chiu di khng qu 15 mm.

4. Phng php hn: GMAW

5. Thi gian cho php chnh my v th trc khi hn l 10 pht.

6. Tng im v kt cu im ca cc bi nh sau:

Tng s im ti a cho bi: 100 im, kt cu nh sau:

a, im ngoi dng khch quan: Tng cng 70 im


234
b, im tun th cc qui nh: 30 im

- Thi gian thc hin bi tp vt qu 25% thi gian cho php s khng
c nh gi.

- Th sinh phi tuyt i tun th cc qui nh an ton lao ng, cc qui


nh ca xng thc tp, nu vi phm s b nh ch thc tp.

nh gi kt qu hc tp
Kt qu
Cch thc v im thc
TT Tiu ch nh gi phng php ti hin ca
nh gi a ngi
hc
I Kin thc
Chn ch hn ca mi hn
1 gip mi 1G ca phng php 2
hn MAG, MIG Lm bi t lun v
1.1 Trnh by cch chn ng trc nghim, i 0,5
knh dy hn ph hp chiu vi ni dung
bi hc
1.2 Trnh by cch chn cng 1
dng in, in th hn ng
1.3 Trnh by cch chn lu lng 0,5
kh chnh xc
2 Trnh by k thut hn mi hn Lm bi t lun, 3,5
236

gip mi 1G ca phng php


hn MAG, MIG ng
2.1 Nu ng k thut bt u, ni 1,5
lin, kt thc i chiu vi ni
dung bi hc
2.2 Nu ng gc m hn 1

2.3 Nu ng cch dao ng m 1


hn
Trnh t thc hin mi hn
3 gip mi 1G ca phng php 3
hn MAG, MIG
3.1 Nu y cng tc chun b: Lm bi t lun, 1
c bn v; Chun b phi hn
i chiu vi ni
Trnh by ng gc m hn, dung bi hc
3.2 cch giao ng m hn, hng 1
hn.
3.3 Nu chnh xc cch kim tra 1
mi hn
Trnh by cch khc phc cc Lm bi t lun,
4 khuyt tt thng gp ca mi i chiu vi ni 1,5
hn ph hp dung bi hc
Cng: 10
II K nng
Kim tra cng tc
Chun b y dng c, thit
chun b, i
1 b ng theo yu cu ca bi 1
chiu vi k
thc tp
hoch lp
Quan st cc thao
Vn hnh v s dng thnh tho
2 tc, i chiu vi
thit b, dng c hn MIG, 1,5
quy trnh vn
MAG
hnh
Kim tra cng tc
3 Chun b y vt liu ng chun b, i
1
theo yu cu ca bi thc tp chiu vi k
hoch lp
Chn ng ch hn khi hn Kim tra cc yu
4 gip mi v tr 1G ca phng cu, i chiu vi 1,5
php hn MAG, MIG tiu chun.
5 S thnh tho v chun xc cc Quan st cc thao 2
thao tc khi hn gip mi v tr tc i chiu vi
238

1G ca phng php hn MAG, quy trnh


MIG thao tc.
6 Kim tra cht lng mi hn 3

6.1 Mi hn ng kch thc (b Theo di vic 1


rng, chiu cao ca mi hn ). thc hin, i
6.2 Mi hn khng b khuyt tt chiu vi quy 1
(chy cnh, r kh, khng ngu ) trnh kim tra
6.3 kt cu hn bin dng trong 1
phm vi cho php
Cng: 10
III Thi

1 Tc phong cng nghip 5

1.1 i hc y , ng gi Theo di vic 1


thc hin, i
1.2 chiu vi ni quy
Khng vi phm ni quy lp hc 1
ca trng.
Theo di qu
trnh lm vic,
1.3 B tr hp l v tr lm vic
i chiu vi tnh 1
cht, yu cu ca
cng vic.
1.4 Quan st vic
Tnh cn thn, chnh xc 1
thc hin bi tp
Quan st qu
1.5 thc hp tc lm vic theo t, trnh thc hin
1
nhm bi tp theo t,
nhm
Theo di thi
m bo thi gian thc hin bi gian thc hin bi
2 tp tp, i chiu vi 2
thi gian quy
nh.
3 m bo an ton lao ng v v Theo di vic
3
sinh cng nghip thc hin, i
chiu vi quy
3.1 Tun th quy nh v an ton 1
nh v an ton
y bo h lao ng( qun v v sinh cng 1
3.2
o bo h, th hc sinh, giy, nghip
240

m, ym da, gng tay da,)


3.3 V sinh xng thc tp ng 1
quy nh
Cng: 10

KT QU HC TP

Kt qu Kt qa
Tiu ch nh gi thc hin H s
hc tp
Kin thc 0,3
K nng 0,5
Thi 0,2

Cng:

Bi 5 : HN LIN KT GC
THP CC BON THP - V TR HN 2F
M bi: 17.5

Gii thiu:

Mi hn gc thp cc bon thp c s dng nhiu trong ch to kt cu,


c bit l trong ch to dm, x nh cng nghip, hn khung tu. tng nng
sut, cht lng mi hn v hn ch bin dng nhit kt cu ngi ta thng s
dng phng php MAG.

Mc tiu:

- Trnh by cc thng s c bn ca mi hn gc, v ng dng ca chng.


- Chun b phi hn ng kch thc bn v.
- Chn ch hn, lu lng kh bo v ph hp vi chiu dy vt liu v
kiu lin kt hn gc.
- Chn cch dao ng m hn thch hp cho mi hn gc.
- Hn mi hn gc 2F m bo su ngu, t r kh, khng khuyt cnh, t
bin dng, ng kch thc bn v.
- Lm sch, kim tra nh gi ng cht lng mi hn.
242
- Sa cha cc khuyt tt mi hn khng xy ra ph phm vt hn.
- Thc hin tt cng tc an ton v v sinh phn xng.
Ni dung

1- Cng tc chun b.

10 14 18
2 -3 4 -6 7 -9 23 -30
-12 -18 -22
K( nh nht ) 2 3 4 5 6 8 10

2- G nh phi
Sau khi chun b phi ta tin hnh chn thng s hn nh. Tin hnh hn
nh khong cch t mp vt hn n mi hn nh l 10mm, chiu di ca mi
nh l 15mm, khong cch gia cc mi nh khng ln hn 300mm

3- K thut hn
- iu chnh ng gc que hn
+ Gc nghing ca m hn so vi trc ng hn ngc vi hng hn:
700 800
+ Gc nghing ca m hn so vi tm thnh v tm cnh l 450
244

- Ch hn c tra theo bn sau

Chiu dy Ih (A) Uh (V)


Tc cp dy Phn nh in Lu lng kh
vt liu ( m/pht) cc (mm) (lt/pht)

= 6mm 100 20 3 12 8 10

4.Trnh t thc hin


Ni
dung Dng c
TT Hnh v minh ha Yu cu t c
cng thit b
vic

- Nm c cc
kch thc c bn
1 c
- Hiu c yu
bn
cu k thut
v YCKT: Mi hn ng kch
thc, khng khuyt tt

- Phi phng, thng


Ki
khng b pavia,
m tra ng kch thc
phi, - nh sch mt
chun phi bng bn chi
b Thc l, st hoc my mi
mp ba tay, tay
hn da, bn + Dy hn d= 1.6
2 tri thp,
- - My hn kempi
Chn my hn - Chn dng DC-
MAG. - Dng in hn Ih
ch
= 100A
hn, - in p 20V
- Kh BV 15 l/p
g
- Dao ng rng
nh
ca
246

- ng gc m
- Dao ng rng
ca
Tin
Thit b - Kt thc ng k
3 hnh hn MAG. thut, sau 5s k t
hn khi h quang tt
mi rt m ra khi
mi hn

- Pht hin c
cc khuyt tt ca
Kim
4 mi hn
tra
- Kim tra bng
mt v thc o

5. Phng php kim tra cht lng mi hn:


Kim tra ngoi dng bng mt thng (hoc knh lp) v kim tra mi
hn bng thc xc nh:
- B mt v hnh dng vy mi hn.
- Cnh ca mi hn.
- im bt u, kt thc ca mi hn.
- Khuyt tt ca mi hn: Chy cnh, r kh...

6. Khuyt tt ca mi hn, nguyn nhn v cch phng nga

T
Tn Hnh v minh ha Nguyn nhn Cch khc phc
T
- Dng in hn - Gim cng
ln dng in
1 - H quang di - S dng h
Chy cnh
- Dao ng m quang ngn.
khng hp l - Dao ng que
hn ph hp
248
- Do cng - Tng cng
dng in hn dng in hn v
thp hn vi h quang
2 - V sinh mp ngn
R kh
hn khng t - V sinh sch s
yu cu mp hn
- Lu lng kh - Tng lu lng
bo v thp kh bo v
Mi hn b
- Do tc hn
li cao , - Tng tc hn
chm
3 dy hn - Giamt tc
- Tc y dy
dnh trn y dy
nhanh
mt mi
hn

7. An ton v v sinh cng nghip


- Trong cng tc bo qun bnh cha kh v van iu p
- Khi hn
- phng in git, nh sng h quang
- An ton khi s dng thit b.

Bi tp v sn phm thc hnh bi 17.5

Kin thc:

Cu 1: Cho bit k thut hn gc v tr 2F bng phng php hn MAG

K nng:
250
Bi tp ng dng: Hn gc 2F - bn v km theo.

- V tr hn: 2F

- Phng php hn: GMAW

- Vt liu: Thp tm dy 6 mm, vt liu CT3 hoc tng ng.

- Vt liu hn:Dy hn ER70S-3 1.8mm

- Thi gian: 01 gi (k c thi gian chun b v g nh)

Yu cu k thut:
- Kim loi mi hn bm u hai cnh
- Mi hn ng kch thc, khng b khuyt tt

CH DN I VI HC SINH THC HIN BI TP NG DNG

1. Bi tp ng dng phi thc hin ng phng php, ng v tr hn theo


qui nh.

2. Phi phi c c nh trn gi hn trong sut qu trnh hn.

3. Cc mi hn nh c chiu di khng qu 15 mm.


252
4. Phng php hn: GMAW

5. Thi gian cho php chnh my v th trc khi hn l 10 pht.

6. Tng im v kt cu im ca cc bi nh sau:

Tng s im ti a cho bi: 100 im, kt cu nh sau:

a, im ngoi dng khch quan: Tng cng 70 im

b, im tun th cc qui nh: 30 im

- Thi gian thc hin bi tp vt qu 25% thi gian cho php s khng
c nh gi.

- Th sinh phi tuyt i tun th cc qui nh an ton lao ng, cc qui


nh ca xng thc tp, nu vi phm s b nh ch thc tp.

nh gi kt qu hc tp

Kt qu
Cch thc v im thc
TT Tiu ch nh gi phng php nh ti hin ca
gi a ngi
hc
I Kin thc
1 Trnh by y cng tc Lm bi t lun, i 2,5
254

chiu vi ni dung
chun b , g nh phi
bi hc
Chn ch hn ca mi hn
2 gc thp cc bon thp 2F ca 3,5
phng php hn MAG, MIG
Trnh by cch chn ng Lm bi t lun v
2.1 1
knh dy hn ph hp trc nghim, i
Trnh by cch chn cng chiu vi ni dung
2.2 dng in, in th hn bi hc 1,5
ng
Trnh by cch chn lu
2.3 1
lng kh chnh xc
Trnh by k thut hn mi
hn gc thp cc bon thp 2F
3 4
ca phng php hn MAG,
MIG ng
Lm bi t lun, i
Nu y k thut bt u, chiu vi ni dung
3.1 1,5
ni lin, kt thc bi hc
3.2 Nu ng gc m hn 1,5
Nu cch dao ng m hn
3.3 1
ph hp
Cng: 10
II K nng
Chun b y dng c, thit Kim tra cng tc
1 b ng theo yu cu ca bi chun b, i chiu 1
thc tp vi k hoch lp
Vn hnh v s dng thnh Quan st cc thao
2 tho thit b, dng c hn tc, i chiu vi 1,5
MIG, MAG quy trnh vn hnh
Kim tra cng tc
Chun b y vt liu ng
3 chun b, i chiu 1
theo yu cu ca bi thc tp
vi k hoch lp
Chn ng ch hn khi hn Kim tra cc yu
4 gc thp cc bon thp 2F ca cu, i chiu vi 1,5
phng php hn MAG, MIG tiu chun.
5 S thnh tho v chun xc Quan st cc thao 2
cc thao tc khi hn gc thp tc i chiu vi
cc bon thp 2F ca phng quy trnh thao tc.
256

php hn MAG, MIG


6 Kim tra cht lng mi hn 3
Mi hn ng kch thc
6.1 1
(cnh K ca mi hn ). Theo di vic thc
Mi hn khng b khuyt tt hin, i chiu vi
6.2 quy trnh kim tra 1
(chy cnh, r kh, chy x )
kt cu hn bin dng trong
6.3 1
phm vi cho php
Cng: 10
III Thi
1 Tc phong cng nghip 5
1.1 i hc y , ng gi Theo di vic thc 1
hin, i chiu vi
Khng vi phm ni quy lp ni quy ca
1.2 1
hc trng.
Theo di qu trnh
B tr hp l v tr lm vic lm vic, i chiu
1.3 1
vi tnh cht, yu
cu ca cng vic.
Quan st vic thc
1.4 Tnh cn thn, chnh xc 1
hin bi tp
Quan st qu trnh
thc hp tc lm vic theo
1.5 thc hin bi tp 1
t, nhm
theo t, nhm

m bo thi gian thc hin Theo di thi gian


bi tp thc hin bi tp,
2 2
i chiu vi thi
gian quy nh.
m bo an ton lao ng v
3 3
v sinh cng nghip
3.1 Tun th quy nh v an ton Theo di vic thc 1
hin, i chiu vi
y bo h lao ng( qun quy nh v an ton
3.2 o bo h, th hc sinh, giy, v v sinh cng 1
m, ym da, gng tay da,) nghip
V sinh xng thc tp ng
3.3 1
quy nh
Cng: 10
258
KT QU HC TP

Kt qu Kt qa
Tiu ch nh gi H s
thc hin hc tp
Kin thc 0,3
K nng 0,5
Thi 0,2

Cng:

Bi 6: HN LIN KT GC THP CC BON THP


V TR HN 3F
M bi: 17.6

Gii thiu

Mi hn gc thp cc bon thp c s dng nhiu trong ch to kt cu,


c bit l trong ch to dm, x nh cng nghip, hn khung tu. tng nng
sut, cht lng mi hn v hn ch bin dng nhit kt cu ngi ta thng s
dng phng php MAG. Do phng php hn MAG c h s p cao nn kim
260
nn vic khng ch kim loi lng v tr ng gp h khn nn hn ch s
dng, nu cc kt cu c th xoay c ngi ta thng xoay v v tr khc

Mc tiu:

- Trnh by cc thng s c bn ca mi hn gc, v ng dng ca chng.


- Nu c k thut hn gc v tr ng bng phng php hn MAG
- Chun b phi hn ng kch thc bn v.
- Chn ch hn, lu lng kh bo v ph hp vi chiu dy vt liu v
kiu lin kt hn gc.
- Chn cch dao ng m hn thch hp cho mi hn gc.
- Hn mi hn gc 3F m bo su ngu, t r kh, khng khuyt cnh, t
bin dng, ng kch thc bn v.
- Lm sch, kim tra nh gi ng cht lng mi hn.
- Sa cha cc khuyt tt mi hn khng xy ra ph phm vt hn.
- Thc hin tt cng tc an ton v v sinh phn xng.
Ni dung:
1. Cng tc chun b
Chun b ng kch thc chi tit hn theo ng bn v

Cnh K ca mi hn ph thuc vo chiu dy ca vt liu v c tra theo bng


sau:
10 14 18
2 -3 4 -6 7 -9 23 -30
-12 -18 -22
K( nh nht ) 2 3 4 5 6 8 10

2. K thut hn

Chiu dy Ih
Uh (V)
Tc cp dy Phn nh in Lu lng kh
vt liu (A) ( m/pht) cc (mm) (lt/pht)
= 6mm 100 20 3 12 8 10

3. Trnh t thc hin


TT Ni Dng c Hnh v minh ha Yu cu t c
dung thit b
cng
262
vic

- Nm c kch thc
c c bn
1
bn - Hiu c yu cu k
v thut

YCKT: Mi hn ng
kch thc khng khuyt
tt

-
Kim
tra
phi,
chun Thc - Phi thng phng
b l, ba khng pavia
mp tay, da, - nh sch vt hn bng
2 hn bn chi bn chi st hoc my
- thp, mi cm tay
Chn my hn - Mi hn nh chc
ch MAG. chn

hn
g
nh

- ng gc m hn
Tin Thit b - Kt thc ng k thut,
3 hnh hn sau 5s k t khi h
hn MAG. quang tt mi rt m ra
khi b hn
264
- Pht hin cc khuyt tt
ca mi hn
Kim
4 - Kim tra bng mt v
tra
thc o

4. Phng php kim tra cht lng mi hn:


Kim tra ngoi dng bng mt thng (hoc knh lp) v kim tra mi
hn bng thc xc nh:
- B mt v hnh dng vy mi hn.
- Cnh ca mi hn.
- im bt u, kt thc ca mi hn.
- Khuyt tt ca mi hn: Chy cnh, r kh

5. Khuyt tt ca mi hn, nguyn nhn v cch phng nga

T
Tn Hnh v minh ha Nguyn nhn Cch khc phc
T
- Dng in hn - Gim cng
ln dng in
1 - H quang di - S dng h
Chy cnh
- Dao ng m quang ngn.
khng hp l - Dao ng que
hn ph hp
- Do cng - Tng cng
dng in hn dng in hn v
thp hn vi h quang
2 - V sinh mp ngn
R kh
hn khng t - V sinh sch s
yu cu mp hn
- Lu lng kh - Tng lu lng
bo v thp kh bo v
Mi hn b
- Do tc hn
li cao, - Tng tc hn
chm
3 dy hn - Gim tc y
- Tc y dy
dnh trn dy
nhanh
mt mi
hn

6. An ton v v sinh cng nghip


- Trong cng tc bo qun bnh cha kh v van iu p
266
- Khi hn
- phng in git, nh sng h quang
- An ton khi s dng thit b.

Bi tp v sn phm thc hnh bi 17.5

Kin thc:

Cu 1: Cho bit k thut hn gc v tr 3F bng phng php hn MAG

K nng:
268
Bi tp ng dng: Hn gc 3F - bn v km theo.

- V tr hn: 3F

- Phng php hn: GMAW

- Vt liu: Thp tm dy 6 mm, vt liu CT3 hoc tng ng.

- Vt liu hn:Dy hn ER70S-3 1.8mm

- Thi gian: 01 gi (k c thi gian chun b v g nh)

Yu cu k thut:
- Kim loi mi hn bm u hai cnh
- Mi hn ng kch thc, khng b khuyt tt

CH DN I VI HC SINH THC HIN BI TP NG DNG

1. Bi tp ng dng phi thc hin ng phng php, ng v tr hn theo


qui nh.

2. Phi phi c c nh trn gi hn trong sut qu trnh hn.

3. Cc mi hn nh c chiu di khng qu 15 mm.


270
4. Phng php hn: GMAW

5. Thi gian cho php chnh my v th trc khi hn l 10 pht.

6. Tng im v kt cu im ca cc bi nh sau:

Tng s im ti a cho bi: 100 im, kt cu nh sau:

a, im ngoi dng khch quan: Tng cng 70 im

b, im tun th cc qui nh: 30 im

- Thi gian thc hin bi tp vt qu 25% thi gian cho php s khng
c nh gi.

- Th sinh phi tuyt i tun th cc qui nh an ton lao ng, cc qui


nh ca xng thc tp, nu vi phm s b nh ch thc tp.

nh gi kt qu hc tp

Kt qu
Cch thc v im thc
TT Tiu ch nh gi phng php ti hin ca
nh gi a ngi
hc
I Kin thc
1 Chn ch hn ca mi hn gc Lm bi t lun v 3,5
thp cc bon thp 3F ca phng trc nghim, i
272
php hn MAG, MIG
1.1 Trnh by cch chn ng knh
1
dy hn ph hp
chiu vi ni dung
1.2 Trnh by cch chn cng
bi hc 1,5
dng in, in th hn ng
1.3 Trnh by cch chn lu lng
1
kh chnh xc
2 Trnh by k thut hn mi hn
gc thp cc bon thp 3F ca
4
phng php hn MAG, MIG
ng Lm bi t lun, i
2.1 Nu y k thut bt u, ni chiu vi ni dung
1,5
lin, kt thc bi hc
2.2 Nu ng gc m hn 1,5
2.3 Nu cch dao ng m hn ph
1
hp
3 Trnh by cch khc phc cc Lm bi t lun, i
khuyt tt thng gp ca mi chiu vi ni dung 2,5
hn ph hp bi hc
Cng: 10
II K nng
1 Chun b y dng c, thit b Kim tra cng tc
ng theo yu cu ca bi thc tp chun b, i chiu 1
vi k hoch lp
2 Vn hnh v s dng thnh tho Quan st cc thao
thit b, dng c hn MIG, MAG tc, i chiu vi 1,5
quy trnh vn hnh
3 Chun b y vt liu ng theo Kim tra cng tc
yu cu ca bi thc tp chun b, i chiu 1
vi k hoch lp
4 Chn ng ch hn khi hn gc Kim tra cc yu
thp cc bon thp 3F ca phng cu, i chiu vi 1,5
php hn MAG, MIG tiu chun.
5 S thnh tho v chun xc cc Quan st cc thao
thao tc khi hn gc thp cc bon tc i chiu vi
2
thp 3F ca phng php hn quy trnh thao
MAG, MIG tc.
6 Kim tra cht lng mi hn 3
6.1 Mi hn ng kch thc (cnh K
1
ca mi hn ). Theo di vic thc
6.2 Mi hn khng b khuyt tt (chy hin, i chiu vi
1
cnh, r kh, chy x) quy trnh kim tra
6.3 kt cu hn bin dng trong phm
1
vi cho php
Cng: 10
III Thi
1 Tc phong cng nghip 5
274
1.1 i hc y , ng gi Theo di vic thc 1
1.2 Khng vi phm ni quy lp hc hin, i chiu vi
ni quy ca 1
trng.
1.3 B tr hp l v tr lm vic Theo di qu trnh
lm vic, i chiu
1
vi tnh cht, yu
cu ca cng vic.
1.4 Tnh cn thn, chnh xc Quan st vic thc
1
hin bi tp
1.5 thc hp tc lm vic theo t, Quan st qu trnh
nhm thc hin bi tp 1
theo t, nhm
2 m bo thi gian thc hin bi Theo di thi gian
tp thc hin bi tp,
2
i chiu vi thi
gian quy nh.
3 m bo an ton lao ng v v
3
sinh cng nghip
Theo di vic thc
3.1 Tun th quy nh v an ton 1
hin, i chiu vi
3.2 y bo h lao ng( qun o
quy nh v an
bo h, th hc sinh, dy, m, ym 1
ton v v sinh
da, gng tay da,)
cng nghip
3.3 V sinh xng thc tp ng quy
1
nh
Cng: 10

KT QU HC TP
Kt qu Kt qa
Tiu ch nh gi H s
thc hin hc tp
Kin thc 0,3
K nng 0,5
Thi 0,2

Cng:

Ti liu tham kho

[1]. TS. Nguyn c Thng, m bo cht lng hn, Nh xut bn Khoa


hc v k thut, 2009.

[2]. Trng Cng t- K thut hn-NXBKHKT-1977.

[3]. Nguyn Vn Thng- Cng ngh hn thp v hp kim kh hn KHKT-


2005.
276
[4]. Ng L Thng- Cng ngh hn in nng chy (Tp 1 c s l thuyt) -
NXBGD-2004.

[5]. Trung tm o to v chuyn giao cng ngh Vit c, Chng trnh


o to Chuyn gia hn quc t, 2006.

[6]. Metal and How to weld them - the James F.Lincoln Arc Welding
Foundation (USA) 1990.

[7]. The Procedure Handbook of Arc Welding the Lincoln Electric Company
(USA) by Richart S.Sabo 1995.

[8]. Welding science & Technology Volume 1 American Welding Society


(AWS) by 2006.

[9]. ASME Section IX, Welding and Brazing Qualifications, American


Societyt mechanical Engineer, 2007.

[10]. AWS D1.1, Welding Structure Steel, American Welding Society, 2008.

[11] Tm kim ti liu, hnh nh internet vi t kha DT, NDT, AWS D1.1 [12]
Tm kim video tren youtube.com t kha DT, NDT, Chappy, haness
testing, VT, UT, MT, X-ray, ET, MIG, MAG, GMAW

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