contributing to improved safety, quality of service and profitability of electrical systems IEC61850 brochure

IEC61850 brochure

substation
automation:

IEC61850
standard
development
substation
automation under the
IEC61850 standard

introduction
The development of the IEC61850 standard regarding information and data exchange between
substation protection and control system IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Devices) represents a long
road and considerable effort. From the beginning ZIV has played an active roll in the development
by participating in standardization groups as well as in various interoperability demonstration
experiments. During the development, ZIV applied the company's extensive experience in both
substation protection and automation, and in the development and implementation of previous
communications standards and protocols.

The IEC61850 standard is no longer a novelty. Its acceptance is growing and the number of
practical applications in service continues to increase. However, in the majority of applications
all of the devices originate from the same manufacturer. Few applications are real examples of
interoperability between devices from different suppliers to demonstrate in practice the viability
and the success of the standardization process.
interoperability under IEC61850
In this catalog, ZIV offers a wide range of systems
that include all of the functions required to create
a protection and control system in accordance
with the IEC61850 standard. All of the systems
include certificates of compliance issued by
independent laboratories. Most importantly, these
systems have been successfully utilized in multi-
manufacturer systems in accordance with the
standard. Therefore, interoperability capability in
accordance with the criteria in the standard is
guaranteed: units for protection, control,
measurement, communications, clients and
servers, with extensive experience over a long
period of time of satisfactory operation of actual
systems in service.
Beyond being just a standard, IEC61850
represents the opportunity to redefine substation
automation under a new paradigm in which
standardization extends not only to data
exchanged by the devices that form part of the
automation system, but also to include the
description, definition and configuration information
for these devices and for the substation. The
possibility of developing tools genuinely oriented
to substation design and not simply to the
communication and/or configuration of the devices
for specific manufacturers has come about.
IEC61850 does not impose changes on
automation criteria, but provides the opportunity
to reflect on the methods, forms and functions
on which current substation protection and control
rests. Additionally, the standard offers the means
and tools to improve conventional functions and
to develop other new functions that were
impossible to achieve up to now.

ZIV places its experience and knowledge at the service of its users
by offering itself as a partner and by offering assistance in adapting the
standard to the user's criteria and requirements, joining users in the
search for optimal, reliable and effective solutions.
introduction to
electrical
substation automation
Substation protection and control architecture has been under development since the 90s.
It differs substantially from classic substation architecture due to the emergence of programmable
protection and control devices for each bay, and the additional system components such as
the local console, remote console, remote control links and the protections management
systems. The architecture also differs by the communications established between the devices.

Substation Automation (SA) basically consists
of the application of intelligent electronic devices
(IEDs) that use microprocessors to control, protect
and monitor the electrical power system and
substations.
Applying the general principle that functions are
located at the level at which sufficient information
is available for decision making and execution,
from a logical point of view, the Substation
Automation divides the system into three levels:

Substation Automation (SA) implementation is
based on very reliable communications that allow
the system to be operated in a completely new
information based manner. This facilitates real
time responses to events occurring on the grid,
and supports the planning and management of
assets.
Process level, the lowest level, including
sensors, current and voltage transformers, as
well as the activation devices (breakers and
disconnectors) required for monitoring and
operation of the substation.
Substation level, the highest level within the
substation, including local consoles (HMI) and
the substation central units (Gateway)
connected to the control centers (SCADA).

Bay level, the intermediate level, including

protection and control systems. These devices
protect and control the bay in which they are
located. They may also include functions related
to the operation of other bays, for example
interlocks. They also have serial communication
links with the substation level devices.
 introduction to electrical substation automation

SCADA

RTC / Radio
Modem Corporative Remote HMI
WAN

IEC 870-5-101 DNP3 GESTEL PID 1 SEVCO Web services access,

INDACTIC, etc (Interface RS232) FTP, etc.

ZIV Remote Operation Desk PPP Modem Modem

Protocol Router

@
(Remote HMI) via Serial Firewall
Connection (ZIV Native RS232
Protocol onPPP and web RTC / Digital GPRS Internet
services access, FTP, etc.)
Remote Access
PPP Protocol
RS232
ZIV Local Operation Desk
Central (Local HMI) (ZIV Native
Protocol on TCP / IP and
Serial Protocols PROCOME; DNP3; IEC 870-5-103; etc. Unit web services access,
FTP, etc.)
F.O.

Concentrator / 10/100 Base T

Diffuser
Switch Ethernet Network TCP / IP 10/100 Mb/s
(IEC61850 Protocol and others on TCP / IP)
F.O. F.O.
F.O.

IEDs IEC61850 IED IEC61850 IED

Substation Automation has evolved from a simple

replacement of existing processes to more sophisticated
interactive processes.

This architecture has also shaped engineering
designs by introducing the definitions both of the
logic functions used by the new devices and of
the communications networks, protocols
employed, etc., along with the wiring diagrams
and traditional processes.
Substation Automation has evolved from a simple
replacement of existing processes to more
sophisticated interactive processes. It has also
facilitated the development of new functions that
were previously impossible. Substation
Automation has led users to new and more
powerful capabilities, which has generated a
greater need for automation.
Until now, manufacturers of protection and control
devices did not coordinate system development,
function organization or communications protocol
employment. This non-coordination added a great
deal of time to design and to management of
installation problems regarding the integration of
devices from different manufacturers.
Over many years, the objective has been to define
a communications architecture that would allow
"seamless" integration of IEDs (Intelligent
Electronic Device) within elements of the highest
level. An infrastructure that is independent of the
manufacturer and that allows for elements of
multiple manufacturers to be integrated into one
system.
With this objective in mind, in 1994, the EPRI and
the IEEE began to work on defining an architecture
for substation communications buses based on
the UCA project (Utility Communications
Architecture).
In 1996, IEC Technical Committee 57 began to
work on IEC61850 with the same objective.
In 1997, the two groups agreed to work together
to develop an international standard. The result
is the current IEC61850 standard.
IEC61850 as a
solution for
substation automation
Development of the IEC61850 standard began in 1997 in an effort to find a global and open
solution for Substation Automation (SA). This new communications standard was developed
using experience gained from existing international standards, taking into account user
requirements and addressing systems engineering.

objectives of the standard

Allowing the connection of devices from different
manufacturers.
One of the major benefits of IEC61850 is the
interoperability of devices from different
manufacturers. This is the capability of two or
more IEDs from one or more manufacturers to
exchange and use information to perform functions
in a cooperative manner. A specific domain with
standardized data and service models has been
designed for this purpose. The IEDs are capable
of understanding information originating from
other devices and of performing functions common
to the devices. Although they are distributed
among various physical devices, they are
connected to the same network with the same
protocol.
Validity for present and future systems.
IEC61850 standard provides benefits for
renovating and expanding existing substations,
as well as for the design of new substations.
Adding new functions during the process of
renovating a system is made easy by using new
available tools. Using "gateways", "non-IEC61850"
devices can be viewed by the system as
"IEC61850 compatible" IEDs.
Flexibility for different Substation Automation
System architectures.
The standard allows free assignment of functions
to IEDs and supports any substation automation
architecture (ex. "centralized" or "decentralized"),
as well as different function integration or
distribution focuses.
Capability of combining present and future
communications technologies with existing
applications, guaranteeing long term stability.
IEC61850 separates communications technology
applications; this allows us to benefit from the
advantages of technology evolution while
safeguarding the information and applications that
already satisfy the user's requirements and
developing new system requirements.
 IEC61850 as a solution for substation automation
Reducing timeframes and costs of the engineering
process and startup of substations.
Part 6 of the standard establishes a substation
configuration description language called SCL
(Substation Configuration Language). This
language incorporates formal descriptions of the
capabilities of IEDs, substation architecture,
communications structure and interaction with
substation switchgear. It also facilitates a
standardized engineering process by providing
the means to exchange configuration data
between engineering tools. The engineering
process is more efficient and facilitates
maintenance and substation automation system
expansion.
impact
The utilization of IEC61850 standard assumes
an important impact on the specifications of
Substation Automation projects, as well as on
their implementation and execution.
Suppliers of protection and Substation Automation
devices have contributed to specifying the actual
implementation of the standard. Users will need
to specify Substation Automation systems by
focusing more on the operations of the required
protection and control functions than on specific
devices, based on their own knowledge or by
consulting an engineer with experience in
substations and in applying the standard.
In order to specify according to the IEC61850
standard, the complete functionality must be
divided into "logic nodes", which include "data";
every node must have a specific name and must
represent a specific function. Once the functions
are defined, they must be distributed among the
various IEDs.
As a recommendation, user should specify the
required response times and system availability.
It is vital to define the communications architecture.
Also, possible fault scenarios and acceptable and
unacceptable availability losses should be
identified.
Additionally, the user should translate the
information from the specification into a "formal"
description using SCL language. Therefore the
system designer and integrator will be able to
introduce the complete project information directly
into their design and engineering tools.
Factory acceptance tests and/or startup tests
allow the operation of the complete system to
be tested in accordance with the specifications,
with the advantage that IEC61850 simplifies the
tests. Data consistency testing can be performed
automatically by checking the SCD (System
Configuration Description) substation configuration
files based on SCL language.
From a maintenance point of view, SCD files
allow errors to be found and resolved more easily
than when using any other published information.
In addition, they can be reused as many times as
required for system adaptations and expansions.
benefits and solutions
IEC61850 protocol clearly offers more key
advantages for Substation Automation's than
conventional solutions:
Increases Substation Automation efficiency due
to the interoperability between IEDs and SCL
based tools that help to optimize solutions. In
addition, point to point data exchange using the
standardized communications links reduce wiring
to a minimum.
Provides great flexibility for Substation Automation
by supporting any physical or functional
architecture as well as future expansions.
Additionally, device interoperability, object oriented
data modeling and ethernet based communication
contributes to supporting flexibility.
The system offers a profitable investment and
future since Substation Automation systems will
benefit from the evolution of communications
without requiring changes in the application and
the data. The SCL language and the rules
regarding system and functional expansion
guarantee easy maintenance and interoperability
throughout time.
parts of the
standard
overview of the
IEC61850 standard
Part 1. Introduction and overview.
Part 2. Glossary.
Part 3. General requirements.
Part 4. System and project management.
Part 5. Communication requirements for
functions and device models.
Part 6. Configuration description
language for communication in
electrical substations related to
IEDs.
Part 7-1. Basic communication structure
for substation and feeder
equipment - Principles and
models.
Part 7-2. Basic communication structure
for substation and feeder
equipment - Abstract
communication service interface
(ACSI).
Part 7-3. Basic communication structure
for substation and feeder
equipment - Common data
classes
Part 7-4. Basic communication structure
for substation and feeder
equipment - Compatible logical
node classes and data classes.
Part 8-1. Specific communication service
mapping (SCSM) - Mappings to
MMS (ISO/IEC 9506-1 and
ISO/IEC 9506-2) and to ISO/IEC
8802-3.
Part 9-1. Specific communication service
mapping (SCSM) Sampled
values over serial unidirectional
multidrop point to point link.
Part 9-2. Specific communication service
mapping (SCSM) Sampled
values over ISO/IEC 8802-3.
Part 10. Conformance testing.
data and
service
model
IEC61850 standard describes a typical "client - server" system, where the "servers" mainly
include IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Devices) that perform the equipment Protection, Control,
Monitoring and Metering functions for the substation and lines.

"Clients" are the devices that recognize and receive the information from the servers and
essentially are the Substation Central Units and RTUs.

The main objectives of the standard for defining substation communications buses are as
follows:

Determine what data is available and how it should be named and described, providing the
mechanisms for IEDs to be self-describing.

Determine how the data can be accessed and exchanged between different devices.

Determine how the various elements in the communications networks are connected.

To comply with the objectives, the standard contains an

object oriented data model. The model groups data
according to common SAS (Substation Automation
System) functions.
 data and service model

Logic Nodes Logic Devices

The functions mentioned above are divided into
simpler entities, with some objects named "Logic
Nodes" (LN), that have the capability by
themselves of performing simple tasks. Two
examples are the breakers, which are modeled
with an XCBR node, or an instantaneous
overcurrent protection, modeled with a PIOC
node.
Attributes
The attributes (DataAttributes), parameters, values
and data required in the operation of SAS
functions are distributed in the logic nodes. They
are also divided into different classes
(CommonDataClass).
Logic Node groups that describe complete
functions (Protection, Control...) end, included in
one or various Logic Devices (LD) within a physical
element (IED).
Access to the information
Access to the information contained in the data
model provides a set of standardized services
according to the standard. The data model and
the services are mapped on a communications
"stack" consisting of MMS, TCP/IP and Ethernet
protocols.

Access to the station bus

Server connections

DA
DO
DA DA
DO
DA DA DA
DO
DA
Logical
DO DO
Node DO DO

Logical
Logical Node Device
Logical Node Logical Node

Logical Device Logical Device ROUTER

SERVER
IED
IED

Client connections

Access to the process bus

communication
principles
the 7 layers and GOOSE
With the arrival of communicable digital relays 15 years ago came a new type of communications
architecture. In this architecture model the protocols were based on serial communications
and on master/slave type models - Substation Central Unit - / slave - Bay Devices (IEDs)-.
The Central Unit interrogates the systems in a cyclic manner to obtain the information to
control the substation, as well as to send the information to the remote control dispatch.

In the new IEC61850 architecture model, the
protocols are based on communications over
Ethernet networks and on client-server type
models, additionally allowing horizontal
communications between different devices (IEDs).
IEC61850 part 8.1 maps the generic
communications services regarding MMS
(Manufacturing Message Specification ISO/IEC
9506). This protocol is based on the 7 layer OSI
model (Open System Interconnection).

The Open System Interconnection (OSI) reference

model, launched in 1984, was the descriptive
network model created by ISO. It is a frame of
reference for defining communications systems
exchange architectures.

In the new IEC61850 architecture model, the protocols are based

on communications over Ethernet networks and on client-server
type models, additionally allowing horizontal communications between
different devices (IEDs).
 communication principles: the 7 layers and GOOSE

Origin Destiny

Application Application
Presentation Presentation
Session Session
Transport Transport
Network Network
Data Link Data Link
Physical Physical

Physical Layer (Layer 1) Session Layer (Layer 5)

The OSI reference model physical layer manages
the physical connections of the computer to the
network, referred to a physical medium (electrical
or optical).
Data Link Layer (Layer 2)
Any transmission medium must be capable of
providing an error free transmission, ie. reliable
data transmission through a physical link.
Network Layer (Layer 3)
The network layer ensures data is transferred
from the origin to the destination, even when
both are not directly connected.
Transport Layer (Layer 4)
The basic function of this layer is to accept the
data sent by the higher layers, divide the data
into smaller parts (if necessary) and pass it on to
the network layer.
This layer establishes, manages and finalizes the
connections between final users (processes and
applications).
Presentation Layer (Layer 6)
The objective of the presentation layer is to
manage the representation of information.
Although different systems have different internal
representations of characters, numbers, sounds
and images, the layer ensures the data arrives in
a recognizable manner.
Application Layer (Layer 7)
This layer offers applications (user and non-user)
the possibility of accessing the services of the
other layers and defining the protocols for the
applications to use to exchange data.
It is mandatory to define a map profile for TCP/IP.

Service and protocols for client/server communication A - Profile

OSI model layer Specification

Name Service Specification Protocol Specification
Application Manufacturing ISO 9506-1:2003 ISO 9506-2:2003
Message Specification
Association Control ISO/IEC 8649:1996 ISO/IEC 8650:1996
Service Element
Presentation Connection Oriented ISO/IEC 8822:1994 ISO/IEC 8823-1:1994
Presentation
Abstract Syntax ISO/IEC 8824-1:1999 ISO/IEC 8825-1
Session Connection Oriented ISO/IEC 8326:1996 ISO/IEC 8327-1:1997
Session
 communication principles: the 7 layers and GOOSE

Service and protocols for client/server TCP/IP T - Profile

OSI Model Layer Specification

Name Service Protocol
Specification Specification
Transport ISO Transport on top of TCP RFC 1006
Internet Control Message RFC 792
Protocol (ICMP)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) RFC 793
Network Internet Protocol RFC 791
An Ethernet Address RFC 826
Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Data Link Standard for the transmission of IP RFC 894
datagrams over Ethernet networks
Carrier Sense Multiple Access ISO/IEC 8802-3:2001
with collision detection (CSMA/CD)
Physical (option 1) 10Base-Physical T/100Base-T ISO/IEC 8802-3:2001
Interface connector and ISO/IEC 8877:1992
contact assignments for
ISDN Basic Access Interface.
Physical (option 2) Fibre optic transmission ISO/IEC 8802-3:2001
system 100Base-FX
Basic Optical Fibre IEC 60874-10-1, IEC 60874-10-2
Connector. and IEC 60874-10-3

GOOSE (Generic Object Substation Events) What used to be accomplished through

messages are one of the most innovative
mechanisms defined by the standard for horizontal
communications. These messages are created
to pass critical information between IEDs within
a substation.
conventional wiring, is now accomplished through
GOOSE messaging. Since the transmission speed
of the messages is of utmost importance, a
specific profile map is designed for these
messages.

Service and protocols for GSE Management and GOOSE communication A-Profile

OSI Model Layer Specification

Name Service Specification Protocol Specification
Application GSE/GOOSE protocol See Annex A
Presentation Abstract Syntax NULL
Session

GOOSE/GSE T-Profile

OSI Model Layer Specification

Name Service Specification
Transport
Network
DataLink Priority Tagging/ VLAN IEEE 802.1Q
Carrier Sense Multiple Access ISO/IEC 8802-3:2001
with collision detection (CSMA/CD).
Physical (option 1) 10Base-Physical T/100Base-T ISO/IEC 8802-3:2001
Interface connector and contact ISO/IEC 8877:1992
assignments for ISDN Basic
Access Interface.
Physical (option 2) Fibre optic transmission ISO/IEC 8802-3:2001
system 100Base-FX
Basic Optical Fibre IEC 60874-10-1, IEC 60874-10-2 and
Connector. IEC 60874-10-3

The messages associated with GOOSE are as follows:

Type 1 (Fast messages) Type 1A (Trip)

Class P1 - 10 ms Class P2/P3 - 3 ms

The publisher, subscriber type model is used for Retry mechanisms guarantee the information is
the GOOSE messaging service. The messages received by the subscribers.
are broadcasted on the network (multicast) by
the publishers. The IEDs in need of the messages
subscribe to receive them.
ethernet
theory
switches, architecture and
communication buses
The IEC61850 standard has selected ethernet as the most suitable technology for establishing
a communications network to support automation functions. This selection is not exclusive
to the electrical world.

From its conception, for more than 70 years, Ethernet has been positioning itself as the
technology of reference for the establishment of local area networks in offices and on university
campuses. After making its jump into the industrial world, there are few factories that do not
base their automation operations on an ethernet local area network. The trend continues to
increase even today.

Extremely critical systems, such

as the ones in our electrical
substations, nuclear plants, trains,
planes and automobiles are
incorporating Ethernet technology.
 ethernet theory: switches, architecture and communication buses
ethernet switches:
operating principles
The key device in an ethernet network is the
switch. An ethernet switch consists of a set
number of communication ports that are
connected to the end devices, in this case IEDs.
The communication ports of a switch may be
copper, using the popular RJ45 connector, or
fiber optic, using the new MT-RJ or LC connector.
These connectors constitute a natural evolution
for the ST and SC connectors, which offer the
best performance and occupy a smaller space,
allowing for ethernet switches with a high density
of communication ports.
The main function of this device is to switch
ethernet frames between the different ethernet
ports as quickly as possible. When an ethernet
switch receives a frame through one of its ports,
it tests the validity of the frame (verifying a
checksum calculated by the device -IED- that
generated the frame). The switch then determines
which port(s) it should send the connection to.
The decision is reached by consulting the internal
MAC address table that lists the destination MAC
addresses (that are part of the ethernet frame)
with each of the physical ports.
If the MAC address is found in the address table,
the switch will send the unique frame exclusively
through the port associated with MAC address.
If the address is not found within the MAC address
table, the switch sends the ethernet frame through
all of the switch ports, with the exception of the
port through which the original frame was received.
It is important to note that this switching function
must occur at a speed that allows for all of the
switch communications ports to exchange
ethernet frames without any type of block, while
transmitting and receiving connections
simultaneously at the maximum speed possible
for the port. This can be accomplished using full
duplex wire speed switches.
In addition to this basic ethernet frame switching
function, the switches include other functions
and communications protocols for:
Establishing complex ethernet networks with
redundancies where the redundant elements
serve as a back-up mode and only are activated
if an element fails (Protocol Rapid Spanning
Tree).
Managing the devices, monitoring the status
and controlling the alarms in case a series of
programmed events occurs in the switches
(SNMP Protocol).
Establishing a traffic priority policy according to
the nature of the traffic so that messages
considered critical are integrated into network
congestion situations (QoS).
Sharing the same ethernet network physical
infrastructure among the various services
transported on the network (VLAN).
 ethernet theory: switches, architecture and communication buses

The IEC61850 standard distinguishes between two communications

buses: the substation bus and the process bus. Both can be deployed
using Ethernet networks.

ethernet in electrical
substations
Substation bus
The substation bus has been deployed more
frequently up to now. The most common network
topology is the ring due to its durability and
advantages regarding installation and deployment
costs. There are also some combination star -
ring topologies and interconnected rings for very
large networks. The main concern for the industry
is that the topology deployed is highly resistant
to faults.
All of the previous topologies were based on
redundancy, mainly fiber optic links. This way,
before a switch or link fails, the communication
network transports the IEC61850 messages
through another path with a minimal recovery
time.
Due to its wide spread utilization in substation
buses, a ring topology is shown in the following
figure:

RING topology
Two of the most important questions
Fiber to ask when deploying this topology
Optic are as follows:
What bandwidth should be dedicated
to the fiber links that interconnect the
ethernet switches, and through which
one will all of the substation traffic
pass? Is 100 Mbps sufficient or
should 1 Gps be a consideration?
In the case of a fault in a device or
Fiber Fiber Fiber Fiber link, for how much time will the
Optic Optic Optic Optic
network be unavailable?

Process bus
The process bus is not as deployable as the
substation bus. One of the reasons is the criticality
of the information (sampled values) that the bus
must retrieve.
Similarly, the industry is very concerned about
the reliability of substation buses.
In order to ensure reliability, ZIV - uSysCom
proposes to make the local area network
completely redundant. Therefore, all of the IEDs
that are connected to the bus would have two
ethernet ports to send / receive the same
information through two different and separate
network infrastructures, as shown in the following
figure.

ETHERNET
NETWORK
A
MERGING PROTECTION
UNIT DEVICE

ETHERNET
NETWORK
B Ethernet frame

The topology of each of the previous networks
may be either a ring or a star, but given the critical
importance of the information transported over
the network, a single link fault tolerance should
not be used.
It is vital to ensure that the process bus will
continue to function even if various network
devices fail.
engineering and
tools
SCL language,
engineering process
One of the most important achievements of IEC61850 is the standardization of the mode for
describing substation configuration for both protection and control. The language and file types
have been standardized for exchanging between the specification and configuration tools and
the IEDs.

For the first time, the standardization allows for the design of the tools and the design of the
IEDs to be independent, with positive results for users. One of the most important effects is
the possibility that software manufacturers who compete by supplying engineering tools not
linked to any one device manufacturer may appear in the automation market. This would provide
added value for users.

IEC61850 part 6 specifies an XML language to define a

file format to describe the IED configurations related to
communications, the IED settings, the communications
system configuration, the substation functional structure
and the relationships between all of the above. The language
defined is referred to as SCL (Substation Configuration
description Language).
 engineering and tools: SCL language, engineering process
Reference model for information flow in the configuration process
IEDs capabilities (LN, DO, )
IED
Database
Engineering
Engineering station
Environment
File Transfer
(REMOTE)
Substation File Transfer
Environment (LOCAL)
Substation
Gateway
IED IED
SCL: Substation Configuration
description Language
The main objective is to exchange IED capacity
descriptions and substation automation system
descriptions between the IED engineering tools
and the system engineering tools of various
manufacturers. The language defined is referred
to as SCL (Substation Configuration description
Language).
The substation engineering process requires SCL
to be capable of describing the substation
functional specification, the IED capacities being
utilized and the final configured system in detail.
The standard proposes two types of tasks to be
performed by the engineering tools:
IED Configurator. The IED configurator is specific
to the manufacturer and must be capable of
importing and exporting SCL files. It also must
be able to provide specific IED settings and
generate the configuration file to load into the
IED.
System configurator. The system configurator is
independent of the IEDs and must be capable of
importing and exporting SCL files. It also must
be capable of reading the system specification
file to be used as a basis of design or for
comparison with the implemented design.
System specification
System (SLD, LNs )
Configurator
Relations, preconfigured
reports
IED
Configurator
File transfer and setting through
IEC61850 services.
IED
SCL determines the use of various types of files
during the engineering process. The main files
are as follows:
ICD (IED Capability Description): describes the
engineering capacities and IED functions without
a specific configuration. An IED in compliance
with the standard must accompany the ICD.
SSD (System Specification Description):
describes the system specification with a line
diagram, the substation functions and the logic
nodes required.
SCD (Substation Configuration Description):
describes the configured system unit, along
with the configured IED information, the
communications subsystem and the substation
description.
CID (Configured IED Description): describes
the complete configuration of an IED within the
specific project and all of the information required
so the "IED Configurator" can load it into the
IED.
 engineering and tools: SCL language, engineering process

ZIV tools map

ICDs[IED+SCU]
(IGM) ICD File
Generation Module

Systems
ICDs (ICM) Configuration
Configuration IEDs PROCOME Module CFG Files
Module [SCU+HMI]
[ZIVerGraph-SCM]

CID File
SCD File

PLC OPEN
(IEC 61131-3) SWG (W3C)

Logic HMIs Editor IEC61850 MMS Browser

graphic editor [IED+Desk] Network (BMMS)
[IED+SCU] (LGE) (HMIE) Protocol Analyzer

Oscillographic IEDs propietary IEC61850

Records Phasor Measuring diagnostic & Network
display (ORV) Unit maintenance tools Management Tool

tools
ZIV offers a set of tools for configuring a complete
IEC61850 system.
The tools facilitate the generation of CID files
corresponding to the IEDs, also called "servers",
to integrate the settings, parameters, protection
and control signals, programmable logic
configuration and the "Reports" and "Gooses" for
each bay.
Tools for handling the SCD files that configure
the IEC61850 "clients", ie. Central Unit/HMI and
substation RTUs.
Tools with a friendly and modern environment,
with a graphic editor for logic and a powerful
editor for IED and HMI graphics.
advanced
equipment
designed to
adapt to the

specific needs of the

user and application
Protection and control devices such as the IRV, IDV, BCV, ZLV, RTV and MCV have
unique specifications (described in the following pages). These IEDs belong to a platform
with common architecture and design criteria, although each IED has been developed
to satisfy the requirements of a particular application field.

function integration
Flexibility and function integration are the two concepts guiding the development of this
platform. Function integration allows a single device to cover all the protection and
control requirements for an electrical bay. Disabling any of the functions included in a
IED allows for an optimal distribution of functions (logical devices) in terms of the balance
between integration and redundancy desired by the user.
innovation
In the spirit of innovation that characterizes ZIV,
it is important to point out the Integrated Simulator
included in the platform. Oscillography in
COMTRADE format, recorded by power system
simulators, protective relays or fault recorders,
can be loaded into the oscillographic memory of
the IED and used as the input signals (analog and
digital) for the metering and protection algorithms.
The COMTRADE file replaces the physical inputs
to the IED, reproducing disturbances without the
need of a test set. This tool helps with the
evaluation of settings and logic programming
under conditions that closely mimic reality.
flexibility
The logic module included in the platform is one
example of application flexibility; the module has
a broad library of analog and digital functions and
complete user programming . The user can define
logic and automatic control functions including
any analog or digital signal in the IED with operation
speeds compatible with both protection and
control applications.
All "V" platform IEDs offer great flexibility in
communications interfaces and protocols including
the IEC61850 standard. This platform represents
the most advanced technology in terms of design,
definition and implementation of integrated

accuracy
systems.

Along with the additional devices presented in

The "V" platform IEDs include high precision
metering units compatible with the strictest
metering requirements, for both measured
voltages and currents, as well as calculated power
and energy.
this publication (Substation Central Units, Remote
Terminal Units, Ethernet Switches, GPS,
Disturbance Recorders, Bus Protection and
Teleprotection), the "V" platform IEDs offer
complete, flexible and open solutions for the
future in the field of substation protection, control
and automation.

"V" platform IEDs are technologically advanced devices, designed

to adapt to user requirements without requiring drastic changes in
practices and applications. They are open to evolution at the users
pace and practices.
 protection, control
and metering

IRV
The IRV family comprises protection, control and
metering functions for implementation in the medium
voltage lines, transformers, generators and feeders
and, in general, where complete bay protection at the
substations is required.

protection functions
Phase and ground instantaneous and time
overcurrent (directional and non-directional)
units.
Negative sequence instantaneous and time
overcurrent (directional and non-directional)
units.
Sensitive ground instantaneous and time
overcurrent (directional and non-directional)
units.
Directional overcurrent units for ungrounded
neutral and compensated ground networks
(Petersen Coil).
Overcurrent unit with voltage restraint.
Time phase undercurrent unit.
Restricted earth fault protection.
Thermal protection (hot-spot and thermal image).
Frequency units [<f, >f and ROC]
Phase and ground voltage units.
Negative sequence overvoltage unit.
Active/reactive power directional unit.
Current unbalance unit (Open Phase).
Phase angle measuring (Out-of-Step).
Breaker failure unit.
4 cycle three phase recloser.
Synchronism unit.
Cold load pick-up unit.

The units can be set separately in a maximum of 4 independent setting tables to cover various operational
conditions in one IRV terminal. The performance curves can be set according to IEC or ANSI.

In general, faults on overhead lines involve less damage and lower

repair costs than faults on any other part of the electrical system.
However, they occur with greater frequency and the negative effects
on the service are very important. Feeder and line protection becomes
of great importance on the system.

control interface
The 8IRV models offer a control system based
on programmable buttons. This system allows
the operator to easily and rapidly operate the bay.
It also includes a button to operate the breaker.
The 7IRV option includes a graphics control display
(totally configurable by the user) for those
applications where greater flexibility and ease of
handling is required.
 protection, control and metering: IRV

other functions
External recorders are not required since event
information (200), fault reports (15) and
oscilloscopes are provided in the device. The
integrated fault finder increases efficiency for
maintenance personnel.
Additionally, they include a cold startup unit, circuit
operation monitoring (trip/close), breaker
monitoring (kA2 and max. number of trips), reset
and various combinations of the number of digital
inputs/outputs for each specific application.

These devices offer a port for direct The IRV comes with the program,
synchronization via GPS to allow incidents to be developed to decrease the time required to adjust
studied from IRV relays distributed throughout all of the protection functions described above
the system. and to easily program the control logic equations.

The IRV family provides the most flexible and versatile

application options, being fully adaptable to the needs of
the bay or system.

virtual input / outputs

The virtual inputs/outputs function allows
bidirectional transmission of up to 16 digital signals
and 16 analog signals between 2 IRV terminals
connected through a communications digital
system.
The function allows logic to be programmed that
contains local and remote and analog and digital
information.

Virtual
8IRV Digital Net 8IRV
 distance
protection
ZLV
The ZLV is designed to provide fast and reliable
selective protection, both in cables and overhead
lines, whether or not they have in series
compensation and whether they need single or
three phase tripping.

protection functions
Distance protection for ground and phase faults.
(5 reversible zones; charact.: MHO and/or
QUADRILATERAL).
Overcurrent for supervision of distance units.
Load Encroachment elements (load invasion
logic).
Protection schemes for distance units: PUTT,
DTT, POTT, DCUB, DCB, etc. developed to
properly clear "cross-country" faults in double
circuits.
Fuse failure, Close-onto-fault, Remote breaker
open and dead line detectors.
Power swing detector (blocking and/or tripping).
Single/three pole recloser (4 modes: 1p, 3p,
1p/3p and dependant), 3 cycles to control two
breakers for breaker and a half or ring ES. (*)
Breaker failure with retrip function to monitor
two breakers for breaker and a half or ring ES.
(*)
Thermal image and Open phase protection.
Phase and ground instantaneous and time
overcurrent (directional and non-directional) units.
Negative sequence instantaneous and time
overcurrent (directional and non-directional) units.
Protection schemes for overcurrent units: PUTT,
DTT, POTT, DCUB, DCB, etc. developed to properly
clear "cross-country" faults in double circuits.
Frequency units [<f, >f and ROC]
Phase and ground voltage units.
Synchronism units to monitor up to two breakers
(breaker and a half or ring ES). (*)
Monitoring (kA2 and maximum number of trips) of
up to 2 breakers for breaker and a half or ring ES.
(*)
Stub-bus protection with percentage restraint for
increased stability against external faults. (*)
Virtual input/outputs logic for remote protection.
(*) Protection functions specifically adapted to breaker and a half and ring ES.

MHO characteristic Quadrilateral characteristic

Z3 Z3

Z2 Z2

Z1 Z1

load

c line R1
encroachment
c line load
a 2
a 1
a 1 encroachment
R2 load

Z4

Z4
 distance protection: ZLV

breaker and a half

substations
Specific ZLV family models have been designed The protection functions adapted to these
to protect double breaker bays (breaker and one topologies are marked with an (*) in the previous
half and ring substations). Therefore they include section.
independent current inputs for each CT associated
with a bay, as well as double voltage input for
both busbars.

B1

I1

VSYNC1 IA1 IB1 IC1 52-1 ILINE = I1 + I2

ZLV

VSYNC2 IA2 IB2 IC2 52-2

I2

L2

B2

ZLV IEDs can complement the distance units with

teleprotection schemes.
 differential
protection
control and metering
IDV
The models IDV combine the functions necessary for the protection, control and metering of
any transformer, motor, generator or reactance bay. They are designed to protect all kinds of
power machines with two or three windings.

protection functions
Three phase differential protection with
percentage and harmonics restraint/blocking.
Instantaneous three phase differential protection
without restraint.
Low impedance restricted earth fault protection.
External fault detector (phase comparison).
Distance protection for ground and phase faults.
Overcurrent for distance units supervision.
Load Encroachment elements (load invasion
logic).
Power swing detector (blocking and/or tripping).
Fault detector for distance and differential units.
Thermal protection (hot-spot and thermal image).
Overexcitation protection.
Phase and ground instantaneous and time
overcurrent units for each winding.
Negative sequence instantaneous and time
overcurrent units for each winding.
Instantaneous and time overcurrent units for
each ungrounded winding.
Frequency units [<f, <f and ROC]
Phase and ground voltage units.
Breaker failure for each transformer breaker.

control interface
The devices offer a control system based on programmable buttons. This system allows the operator
to easily and rapidly operate the bay. It also includes a button for adjusting function 86 (lockout).

differential protection I1+I2 + I3 - (IDIFF)

traditional IREST1=
New restraint current calculation: improved calculation 2
restraint for external faults in double breaker
configurations (breaker and a half or ring I1 + I2 + I3 - (IDIFF)
substations) improved IREST2=
calculation 2
IREST2 >> IREST1

I1 CT1 CT3

I2 CT2 weak sorce

I3

strong source
 differential protection, control and metering: IDV

power transformers
For transformers with 2 or 3 windings.
Up to 4 three phase current input groups and
1 three phase voltage group.
Improved stability for breaker and a half
configurations for external faults.
Option of controlling the tap changer using
programmable logic (ATCC+YLTC).

CT1 CT3 CT1 CT2

CT1 CT2 CT2 CT4 CT3

CT4 CT3

CT1

CT2 CT3 CT1 CT2

distance protection
Protection function for faults external to the Independent selectable characteristic for ground
transformer, more selective than "traditional" and phase units:
overcurrent functions. Mho.
Winding selection with distance function (1st or Quadrilateral.
2nd). Both (AND / OR).
4 distance zones (all reversible). Transitory filtering through capacitive VTs
6 independent metering units for each zone (setting).
Independent impedance range for ground and Reaches (Z1) and zero sequence compensation
phase units. factors (K0=Z0/Z1) independent by zone in
magnitude and angle.
 capacitor bank
protection and
control
BCV
The BCV family integrates protection, control and metering functions for their application in
capacitor banks or reactances and, in general, where there is need for complete bay protection
at the substations.

protection functions
Phase and ground instantaneous and time
overcurrent units. (*)
Negative sequence instantaneous and time
overcurrent units. (*)
Battery star neutral unbalance overcurrent unit.
(*)
Voltage unbalance unit with system unbalance
and bank unbalance compensation.
control and automation
interface
The 8BCV models offer a control system based
on programmable buttons. This system allows
the operator to easily and rapidly operate the bay.
It also includes a button for adjusting the
automation function in automatic or manual mode
(A/M).
Phase and ground voltage units.
Negative sequence overvoltage unit.
Current unbalance unit (Open phase). (*)
Breaker failure. (*)
Voltage transformer supervision.
Certain models include two complete sets of
protection units indicated with an (*) for two capacitor
banks.
7BCV devices include a graphics control display
(totally configurable by the user) for those
applications where greater flexibility and ease of
handling is required.
In all cases, the systems offer highly flexible
automation based on a complete calendar and
on multiple magnitudes that can be selected as
control and monitoring variables for the capacitor
banks (I, V, P, Q, cosn).

Q > Qconn

Q-Qmax > Qdisc

B1 B2 B1 and B2
Connected Connected Connected

Q < Qdisc
Q+Qmax < Qconn

Reactive power regulation for banks of different power

bay control and
metering unit
6MCV
The models 6MCV are presented as the ideal complement to the protection terminals for the
smart control of a great number of analog and digital signals. They have both local and remote
control, graphical bay representation (HMI), configurable control logic and communications.

They are usually used as a complement to protection terminals in systems that require
independence between protection and control. Similarly, they apply to auxiliary service bays
as analog and digital signal capture units.

control functions metering functions

Programmable logic to establish blockings,
automation, control/trip logic, control hierarchy,
etc.
Capture of up to 82 digital inputs and 6 analog
channels with phase sequence selection: ABC
or ACB.
Up to 34 digital outputs for operations.
Monitoring of up to 3 operating circuits (coils)
for positioning breakers to open or close.
Phase and line voltages and currents from analog
channels.
Positive, negative and zero sequence
magnitudes for voltage and current.
Harmonic content, 2nd to 8th order of phase A
current and voltage.
Active, reactive and apparent power calculated
from previous magnitudes.
Active and reactive energy in four quadrants.
Power factor and frequency .

applications control interface

Proper programming of the graphics control 6MCV models include a highly flexible and easy
display (HMI) by the program to handle graphics control display, totally
allows: configurable by the user.

Local operation of various configured single line

diagrams.
Defining alarm pages as a complement to local
indications (LEDs).
Facilitating comparison tasks during startup with
digital input and output status indication.
Viewing of different user defined available
magnitudes for the device.
 transformer
voltage
regulator
RTV
The model RTV integrates the functions for regulating the voltage of power transformers by
control of the tap changer. It is applicable in cases where it is required to maintain the voltage
at a fixed value without interrupting the service.

Voltage is regulated from voltage and current measurements at power transformer terminals
through current transformers (CTs) and voltage transformers (VTs), sending command signals
to the applicable transformer tap changer to raise or lower the voltage to set-point value.

control functions regulation functions

Local and remote operations:
Raise / lower tap (by pulse or by level).
Raise / lower reference voltage (setpoint).
Automatic / manual.
Local / remote (referring to regulator setpoint
change).
control interface
RTV models offer a control system based on
programmable buttons. This system allows the
operator to easily and rapidly operate the bay. It
also includes a button for adjusting transformer
voltage regulation in automatic or manual mode.
Regulation of transformer voltage with adjustable
insensitivity level.
Option of various operational attempts (raise/lower
taps) with adjustable delays.
Removal of timers in operations with risk of
overvoltage.
Current compensation to maintain the load voltage
constant.
Reactive compensation to compensate for the effect
of reactive current flow in transformers with different
tap/voltage ratios operating in parallel.
Compensation for phase shifts introduced in CT
and VT connections.
Various regulator locking logic: minimum voltage,
maximum switching current and external activation.
Active tap signaling with direct connection or under
BCD code to the regulator device.
Tap changer monitoring: in the proper sequence
and time.
Detection of power reversal.
Recording of voltage bands pre-defined by the
operator.
Independent operation counters to raise and lower
taps.

RTV model is applicable in cases where it is required to maintain

the voltage at a fixed value without interrupting the service.
 transformer voltage regulator: RTV

regulation of transformers in
parallel
RTV devices allow various regulation strategies. The most common are:

Master/Slave

Method applicable to transformers with the same tap/voltage ratio to maintain the same tap on all
transformers operating in parallel.

Reactive compensation

Applicable to similar transformers that differ by certain electrical characteristics: secondaries with different
impedances forced to maintain the same voltage, causing a flow of reactive power between the
secondaries, causing an increase in heat and losses.

The compensator minimizes the differences between the taps of both transformers to reduce the flow
of reactive power generated.

The figure shows two transformers with differing impedances (X1 and X2) operating in parallel:

(%)
X1 VTAP CT1 TR
S(MVA)

m
Icirculating
CT2 TR

S(MVA) (%) Vsn

X2

VT TR

IPARALLEL ILOCAL

(%) (%)
X1 and X2 Power transformers reactances, expressed in %.
CT1 TR and CT2 TR CT1 and CT2 measurement transformer ratios (Local and Parallel respectively).
VT TR Voltage m Measurement transformer ratio.
 bus
differential
DBN
Despite the infrequency, a fault in a bus can cause irreparable damage to a system and large
disturbances in system stability, becoming worse if the fault occurs in high or very high voltage
buses. Therefore, bus protection is recommended for installation in transmission systems to
remove the fault in a few cycles.

The operation of the bus protection is based on Kirchoff's Laws. The first law states that the
vector sum of currents in the same phase (in a network node) must be null under normal
operating conditions. Bus protection reliability is challenged by the fact that the current through
the secondary in a current transformer (CT) becomes non-linear under saturation conditions.

DBN characteristics
Flexibility in architecture design and application
with the possibility of compact installation.
Up to 5 buses and 32 bay units (28 current and
4 voltage).
Low impedance with percentage restraint
feature.
Sampling frequency of 48 samples per cycle.
High speed activation independent of the number
of bays connected to the buses with trips for
low cycle time. Low cycle time trip.
Adjustable for use of current transformers with
various magnetic characteristics between bays and
with different transformer ratios.
Includes disconnector logic, with flexibility for
application to any connection scheme or bus
topology.
Oscillography capable of storing all analog quantities
captured (up to 128), differential quantities, bus
restraint, in addition to all digital inputs and signals
generated by the protection operation.
Single/three pole breaker failure.

DBN architecture
Central Unit, thet houses the differential units (main, alarm and supervision) as well as the trip logic,
control and synchronization of the simultaneous sampling of all current and voltage channels.

Bay Units, where are located the sampling functions, current and voltage channel meters, breaker fault
units and the trip physical outputs on the bay breaker.

Communications - consists of fiber optic connections. The samples and measurements travel through
these connections from the bay units to the central unit. The trip commands travel in the opposite
direction. The unit has a communication capacity of 14 Mbps.

"V" platform devices can be utilized as DBN bus protection bay

terminals since they include protection, control and recording
capacity. The unit is a complete substation protection and control
system.
disturbance
recorder
PRN
Systems in the 8PRN family cover oscillographic applications requiring high performance in
signal capture, information storage and in those applications where the digital protection record
functions lack the required resolution. A typical example is the recording requirements for
generation centers where the dynamics of the phenomena to be analyzed require sampling
speeds of hundreds of samples per cycle for accurate representation of the frequency spectrum.

reliability of flexibility, recording and

recorded signals
Resistant circuits maximize the reliability of
recorded signals for both current and voltage
measurements without intermediate transformers.
Due to their advanced design, they maintain total
galvanic insulation between the inputs and the
internal circuitry of the system. The analog
reliability is complemented with a sampling speed
that can reach 384 samples per cycle. All of this,
along with synchronized sampling of all of the
channels allows a precision of 0.1% and a phase
error of less than 0.1s to be reached
storage capacity
The 8PRN recorder is a flexible device, fully
configurable. Its analog inputs can be used to
measure both current and voltage, and it can be
adapted to a wide range of applications with a
maximum of 16 analog inputs and 32 digital inputs
per device. When only one device is not sufficient,
the cross-trigger function allows synchronization
of samples from all of the 8PRN's required to
comply with the requirements of the application.
The 8PRN has historic recording functions and
a fault finding function that can be programmed
to calculate two different circuits.

signals available The recordings are stored in COMTRADE format.

from the recorder
8PRN devices provide a complete unit for
measurement of captured signals: sequence
voltage and current values, effective analog
channel values, phasors for all phases, frequency,
harmonic content, active power, reactive power,
apparent power and power factor. These
measurements, together with the digital inputs,
allow the user to define the startup conditions to
begin storing oscillograms to improve the
adaptation of the application.
They can be downloaded directly into a pen drive
using the ports and communications protocols
available, including IEC61850. They can also be
printed using a USB or ethernet port. In the case
of the ethernet port, one printer can be shared
by various recorders.
The 8PRN offers two alternatives for timing
synchronization: a BNC port for IRIG B 123 and
an optic port for NMEA 0183.

Reliability, precision, flexibility and storage capacity make

this device the ideal tool for maintenance and for incident
analysis in electrical networks.
 universal
teleprotection system
TPU-1
The TPU-1 is a Universal Teleprotection System with a high degree of flexibility. The
communications side can incorporate up to two independent communications channels, each
of which can be analogue, digital at 64 Kb/s, digital at 2 Mb/s, digital with a V.series interface
or fiber optics. These 2 communication channels can be programmed to be either a main
communications channel and a back-up communication channel, or can be programmed to be
two independent communication channels belonging to independent teleprotection systems.

The protection-side interface can incorporate up to 16 input/output circuits (8 I/O boards with
2 I/O circuits each board) and/or an IEC61850 interface generating GOOSE messages to/from
the protection relay. The TPU-1 flexibility caters for easy implementation of a number of practical
applications.

teleprotection system for

IEC61850 substations
The TPU-1 can be used as a teleprotection system
for IEC61850 substations. The teleprotection at
the transmitting side receives a GOOSE message
from the protection relay, translates it into an
analogue signal/frame structure that meets the
requirements stated in IEC 834-1 and transmits
this latter signal to the channel.
At the receiving side the teleprotection receiver
detects the incoming analogue signal/frame
structure, demodulates it and converts it into a
GOOSE message that is delivered to the
protection relay (see figure). The TPU-1 can be
subscribed (Tx side) and publish (Rx side) up to
16 GOOSE messages, mapped into up to 8
different commands.

Substation A Substation B
IEC61850 IEC61850

COMM.
CHANNEL
GOOSE MESSAGE IEC 834-1 IEC 834-1 GOOSE MESSAGE
FROM RELAY FROM TELEPROTECTION
TO TELEPROTECTION TO RELAY

initial state fault fault cleared

(first transmission) (event) (another event)

t
GUARD COMMAND GUARD

t
 universal teleprotection system: TPU-1

substation migration from command transit and

classical architectures to
IEC 61850 architectures
The TPU-1 can be programmed to use IEC61850
interfaces and output contacts simultaneously,
paving the way for a smooth substation transition
from classical architectures to IEC61850
substation architectures.
operation in teed-lines
When the electrical system incorporates an
intermediate substation or a teed line, with three
TPU-1 units (one at each substation), each of the
TPU-1 units can be programmed to send a
command simultaneously to the other two.

When the TPU-1 is equipped

with two communications
redundant interfaces it can be programmed
communications to behave as two functionally
channels independent teleprotection
The TPU-1 can transmit the same protection
information over two communications interfaces
systems.
simultaneously. The receiver is continuously
monitoring both communication channels and as
soon as one of them delivers a protection signal
the receiver will analyse it and decide whether it
is a valid message or not. If the received message
is valid the outputs relays will be closed (in classical
substations) or a GOOSE message generated
command transit when
(in IEC61850 substations). operating in looped lines
The TPU-1 can be programmed to operate in
two independent looped lines. In this arrangement each TPU-1 can
send a command to any TPU-1 in the loop. The
teleprotections in the intermediate TPU-1 units are programmed to
same shelf accept the message and /or make it transit until
the final destination unit.
When the TPU-1 is equipped with two
communications interfaces it can be programmed
to behave as two functionally independent
teleprotection systems. A good application for
this feature is building an intermediate substation
in a HV line and programming the TPU-1 at the
intermediate substation to provide two
independent teleprotection systems, one from
the intermediate substation to one end of the line
and the other from the intermediate substation
to the other end of the line.
 ethernet switches for
electrical substations
SWT
ZIV - uSysCom has developed a full range of Ethernet managed switches - SWT - to allow
the deployment of reliable Ethernet networks inside electrical substations.

main features power over ethernet

Full duplex, wire speed architecture thanks to ZIV - uSysCom switches can directly power up
SWT internal non-blocking architecture (based any PoE enabled device following the 802.3af
on a powerful switch fabric chipset) standard. This way an IP phone or a wireless
Ready to support IEC61850 automation functions. access point can be powered with the same cable
SWT allows the deployment of highly available that is used for data transmission.
Ethernet networks:
Power supply redundancy: Possibility to increase
the equipment availability by having a second
power source.
modularity in number and
High Speed implementation of RSTP: In high type of ports
availability networks it is important to have a
Different combinations in the number and the
fast path recovery when any failure occurs. SWT
type of Fast ethernet ports are supported
not only follows the STP and RSTP protocols,
(factory defined) copper, multimode fiber
but also exceeds the usual recovery time of
optics, single mode fiber optics.
these protocols due to its high speed
All SWT products are Gigabit ready SFP
implementation of RSTP, which grants fault
modules, which provides great flexibility when
recovery times lower than 4 ms. per link, always
defining Gigabit trunk links (available fiber optics
fulfilling the RST protocol.
SFP transceivers that allow links up to 80 km).
Quality of service: The user can define how
different traffic patterns are handled inside the
SWT, assigning different IEEE 802.1p priorities.
SWT Ethernet switches have for each Ethernet
port three different priority queues so that
highest priority traffic is always delivered.
Port bandwidth limiting SWT allows the limitation
on bandwidth accepted for unicast, broadcast,
multicast, or all type of traffic per port. This way,
resources for non critical services can be limited.
Broadcast Storm Control and IGMPsnooping:
SNMP management
Limiting broadcast traffic grants that no Easy integration of monitoring tools and alarms
malfunctioning device saturates the network notifications in an SNMP based central
with undesired and uncontrolled broadcast traffic. management system, such as HP Openview.

SWT has been designed as another electrical substation IED,

complying with IEC61850-3 requirements.
 micro
remote
IEC61850
URT
The URT family of products allows elements that do not support the IEC61850 protocol
(although they can be controlled and/or monitored) to be integrated into an IEC61850 substation.
Using this type of remote unit, innovative IEC61850 automation architectures can be created
without the need for protocol converters.

URT family IEC micro remote terminal units offer 16 digital inputs, 8 digital outputs and 4
analog inputs.

functions
Digital input status report (through reports,
61850 tree consults for the device from the
HMI, and GOOSE messages personalized to
the user).
Execution of commands (commands through
control message protocol and GOOSE message
receiving).
Analog input level report (through GOOSE's,
61850 trees and reports).
Circular events log (512Kb).
Total configurability of remote output GOOSE
integrated variables and integrated variables in
the reports.
Capacity to subscribe to up to 25 input GOOSE
messages and interpret each variable contained
in the messages in real time for use in logic
operations.
Integrates an SNTP client for device
synchronization through the substation master
clock.
communications
URT family IEC61850 micro remote units are able
to incorporate a 4 port Ethernet switch (including
two multimode fiber optic ports). An Ethernet
network (ring at 100 Mbps) can be established
through these ports.
The two remaining Ethernet ports can be
designated for the incorporation of other IED's
in the Ethernet ring established by the URT micro
remote terminal units.
performance
Specific emphasis was placed on the efficiency
of the URT family. This family of substation micro
remote units executes commands in real time,
ensuring times of less than 1 millisecond from
receipt, for example, a GOOSE for the execution
of a command until it is activated.

Using this type of remote unit,

innovative IEC61850 automation
architectures can be created
without the need for protocol
converters.
 substation
central unit
IEC61850
CPT
CPT family devices are designed to function as Substation Central Units and/or RTU's,
resolving communications and data handling requirements for protection, control and metering
devices in electrical substations.

Their design allows them to function as both the "client" and the "server" in systems with a
communications architecture based on the IEC61850 standard, where the protection, control
and metering devices are interconnected through an Ethernet network. The CPT terminal
facilitates the migration process through the most modern substation automation systems,
allowing the integration of new communications standards in existing systems.

functions
Substation IEC61850 client, controlling Redundant operational modes:
communications with various protection, control Capability to function on a redundant
and metering devices. communications network (topology in double
IEC61850 server, with the corresponding data star and double ring).
and services model, including gooses. Capability to function with a second Reserve
Execution module for system central Central Unit in Dual mode or in Hot-Stand-By
programmable automation and logic. mode.
High level communications management Local and remote HMI (console), web server
(Remote control). based.
Management of local and remote Gateway between conventional systems and
communications using the ZIV Operational IEC61850 systems.
Console. Integrated simulator for signals, measurements,
Generation of databases in real time of all controllers and control orders.
substation variables: alarms, measurements,
status, controllers, etc.
Substation configuration management module,
in charge of keeping the system SCD file
updated in terms of the CID files for the
associated IED's.
FTP server.
Client/Server Service for SNTP clock
synchronization protocol.

CPT terminals are equipped with

industrial range specifications
and feature a high level of
reliability.
 substation central unit IEC61850: CPT

CPT terminals are equipped with industrial range specifications and feature a high level of
reliability. The HW and SW architecture is modular, and utilizes a real time operating system
to operate. The units are 2U high and come equipped with 1 19" rack with DC power. The also
offer a wide range of communications channels, such as:

communication protocols communication channels

Complete TCP/IP protocol and communications Plastic and glass fiber optic asynchronous serial
for 802.3 (LAN) wired networks. channels (ST, F-SMA connectors, etc.).
IEC 62850 communications module: Electrical asynchronous serial channels (RS-
Common data models, compatible and 232C and RS-485).
extended (IEC 61850-7-3 and IEC 61850-7-4) A general purpose serial communications
and ACSI Services (IEC 61850-7-2) for Clients, channel (RS-232C).
MMS protocol mapping (ISO/IEC 9506 Part Two Ethernet ports, 10/100 BaseT (RJ-45).
1 and Part 2) and ISO/IEC 8802-3 Ethernet. A BNC port with IRIG-B123 signal decoder for
GOOSE services. clock synchronization.
SNTP protocol clock synchronization.
Configurability of XML files according to SCL
templates (IEC 61850-6: Substation
Configuration Language).
Modules with classic asynchronous serial
protocols for communication with bay devices
(level 1): PROCOME, DNP3.0, IEC 870-5-
103, SPABUS, MODBUS, etc.
Modules with asynchronous serial protocols for
communications with the remote control: IEC
870-5-101 (configurable according to the profile),
DNP3.0, GESTEL, PID1, INDACTIC 2033,
SEVCO 6802, etc.

All of these features make the CPT a powerful machine that combines all of the functionality
of an HMI and RTU Substation Central Unit into one device. The CPT can also function with
each function segregated into independent machines.

The CPT terminal facilitates the migration process through

the most modern substation automation systems, allowing
the integration of new communications standards in existing
systems.
experiences
with the standard
ZIV offers wide ranging experience in the IEC61850 environment from the definition of the
standard and its implementation in substations.

As a long standing member of the UCA International Users Group, ZIV has participated in the
development of the standard since 1995, when the IEC TC57 working groups were stablished.

Today, ZIV continues to be an active member of this technical committee and also belongs
to the WG10 (Standards for communication in substations) and WG19 (TC57 Harmonization
issues) working groups.

Similarly, ZIV participates in various CIGRE working groups, working on issues such as
"IEC61850 based system functional tests" and "IEC61850 based application of protection
schemes", and IEEE working groups as the PSRC H6 Ethernet LAN in Substations Protection
and Control.

Throughout the years, ZIV has participated successfully in diverse international events in which
different manufacturers of IEDs have tested the interoperability of our devices.

ZIV installed the first IEC61850 system in Mexico in

2006 in ES La Venta II. It was also the first
multi-manufacturer system in the world.

interUCA
As pioneers in Spain and in the world, in 2001
ZIV began an R+D project in collaboration with
other Spanish electric companies called InterUCA
to implement the first IEC61850 system in a
substation.
The main objectives were to gain experience in
interpreting the standard, verify interoperability
between different manufacturers and validate
transmission times and communications
architecture. InterUCA was completed in 2004.
After intense testing in both the laboratory and
at the substation, the new system operated very
satisfactorily, according to specifications.
This first experience demonstrated that applying
the IEC61850 standard imposed some new
hardware and software requirements for
Protection and Control IEDs.
The new line of ZIV devices has been developed
to provide a much higher data processing capacity
than currently required in similar devices using
other traditional protocols.
InterUCA was completed in 2004. After intense testing
in both the laboratory and at the substation, the new
system operated satisfactorily, according to
specifications.
experiences with the standard
projects
in service
Since the end of 2004, once the new IEDs reached
maturity and their interoperability was tested,
they have been used in many transmission and
distribution systems in various countries in which
ZIV has installed devices with IEC61850
technology.
ZIV installed the first IEC61850 system in Mexico
in 2006 in ES La Venta II. It was also the first
multi-manufacturer system in the world. ZIV was
one of the main suppliers during the project,
installing Protection and Control IEDs, GPS
synchronizers, HMIs and RTUs.
Spain, Brazil, Romania, Chile, Saudi Arabia,
Malaysia,... are other countries in which ZIV has
projects in service, or in development, based on
IEC61850 technology.
certification
and interoperability
IEC61850 part 10 standardizes a set of techniques to test compliance of IED implementation
from the point of view of communications, and not of device functionality. The compliance
tests are considered "communications type tests". The test procedures were defined by the
UCA International Users Group in detail.

As a global communications standard, IEC61850
includes standardized compliance tests to
guarantee that all IED suppliers comply with the
applicable requirements. Compliance testing
improves system integration, facilitates easy
integration of IEDs and ensures proper operation
and application support. The standard works
towards guaranteeing IED interoperability.
The compliance tests represent a "minimum" from
the point of view of interoperability, since
experience has demonstrated that IEDs having
compliance certificates have had to be modified
when tested in the field with devices from other
manufacturers. In these cases there have been
examples of devices not demonstrating
interoperability.
Experience also demonstrates that many of the
implementations of standard IEC61850 in
substations with only one manufacturer do not
guarantee the end user an open and interoperable
system. Interoperability is only guaranteed when
IEDs interoperate in multi-manufacturer systems.
ZIV offers compliance certificates for its range
of Protection and Control devices. The certificates
are issued by the laboratory in KEMA, Holland,
once all of the applicable tests have been passed
in accordance with the standard.

Interoperability is only guaranteed when IEDs interoperate

in multi-manufacturer systems.
future
development
of the standard
The first edition of the IEC61850 standard was completed between 2003 and 2004. It consisted
of 14 parts. All of the parts were converted into IS (International Standard) over the years.
Since then, IEC 61850 has been enriched with improvements, corrections and an increase
in scope.

Using the "tissues" procedure (Technical Issues),
users and developers that work with the
documents in the standard can point out issues
and propose modifications to the current edition
of the standard. Within the WG10 (in which ZIV
is an active member), which is part of TC57 and
responsible for maintaining the standard, there
is a discussion and approval mechanism for
different tissues. The tissues can be accepted
how they are received, accepted with
modifications to the initial proposal or rejected.
On the other hand, various working groups
belonging to IEC TC57 are applying the basic
principles of the standard to other electrical
substation environments. These new
environments include "Safety" (WG15),
"Distributed Generation and Distribution
Automation" (WG17), "Hydroelectric Plants"
(WG18) and "Communication between
Substations and Control Centers" (WG19, in
which ZIV is also active participant).
The results of some of these groups form part
of the new edition 2 of the standard, which will
consist of an expanded section of parts, broader
than the current edition. This expansion is due to
both the introduction of new application areas
and to the inclusion of chapters to explain the
use of logic nodes from a practical point of view.
In parallel, committee IEC TC88 is developing the
IEC 61400-25 standard for modeling Wind Farms
using concepts very similar to those employed
in 61850.
As a result of these standardization activities in
other different areas regarding substations, the
title of the standard will evolve from
"Communication networks and systems in
substations to Communication networks and
systems for power utility automation in edition
2 of the standard with expected completion during
2009-2010.
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in this document is subject to change without notice.
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