Analyzing primary education

enrollment trend with changes

in GDP

Dependent var- Enrollment in primary

education (all figures mentioned in
million)
Independent Var- GDP (all figures
mentioned in billion US dollar)

* Curve Estimation.
TSET NEWVAR=NONE.
CURVEFIT
/VARIABLES=GDP WITH Enrollment
/CONSTANT
/MODEL=LINEAR LOGARITHMIC QUADRATIC CUBIC
/PLOT FIT.

Curve Fit

Notes

Output Created 25-NOV-2016 13:01:19

Comments
Input Data F:\SUBHRA DRIVE\Ximb\Term-
2\SRM\SRM
presentation\Gdp_education.sav
 Active Dataset DataSet2
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>
N of Rows in Working Data
31
File
Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User-defined missing values are treated
as missing.
Cases Used Cases with a missing value in any
variable are not used in the analysis.
Syntax CURVEFIT
/VARIABLES=GDP WITH Enrollment
/CONSTANT
/MODEL=LINEAR LOGARITHMIC
QUADRATIC CUBIC
/PLOT FIT.
Resources Processor Time 00:00:00.42
Elapsed Time 00:00:00.34
Use From First observation
To Last observation
Predict From First Observation following the use
period
To Last observation
Time Series Settings (TSET) Amount of Output PRINT = DEFAULT

Saving New Variables NEWVAR = NONE

Maximum Number of Lags in

Autocorrelation or Partial MXAUTO = 16
Autocorrelation Plots

Maximum Number of Lags

MXCROSS = 7
Per Cross-Correlation Plots

Maximum Number of New

Variables Generated Per MXNEWVAR = 60
Procedure

Maximum Number of New

MXPREDICT = 1000
Cases Per Procedure

Treatment of User-Missing
MISSING = EXCLUDE
Values

Confidence Interval CIN = 95

Percentage Value
 Tolerance for Entering
Variables in Regression TOLER = .0001
Equations

Maximum Iterative
CNVERGE = .001
Parameter Change

Method of Calculating Std.

ACFSE = IND
Errors for Autocorrelations

Length of Seasonal Period Unspecified

Variable Whose Values Label

Unspecified
Observations in Plots

Equations Include CONSTANT

[DataSet2]

Warnings

The Cubic model could not be fitted due to near-collinearity among model terms.

Model Description

Model Name MOD_3

Dependent Variable 1 GDP
Equation 1 Linear
2 Logarithmic
3 Quadratic
4 Cubic
Independent Variable Enrollment
Constant Included
Variable Whose Values Label Observations in Plots Unspecified
Tolerance for Entering Terms in Equations .0001

Case Processing Summary

Total Cases 31
Excluded Casesa 0
Forecasted Cases 0
Newly Created Cases 0

a. Cases with a missing value in any

variable are excluded from the
analysis.

Variable Processing Summary

Variables

Dependent Independent

GDP Enrollment

Number of Positive Values 31 31

Number of Zeros 0 0
Number of Negative Values 0 0
Number of Missing Values User-Missing 0 0

System-Missing 0 0

Model Summary and Parameter Estimates

Dependent Variable: GDP

Model Summary Parameter Estimates

Equation R Square F df1 df2 Sig. Constant b1

Linear .745 84.821 1 29 .000 -1727.214 21.836

Logarithmic .668 58.288 1 29 .000 -9520.948 2177.555
Quadratic .931 189.625 2 28 .000 4264.550 -92.883
Cubic .939 214.590 2 28 .000 1164.839 .000

Model Summary and Parameter Estimates

Dependent Variable: GDP

Parameter Estimates

Equation b2 b3

Linear
Logarithmic
Quadratic .528
Cubic -.374 .003
The independent variable is Enrollment.

* Curve Estimation.
TSET NEWVAR=NONE.
CURVEFIT
/VARIABLES=LoG_GDP WITH Enrollment
/CONSTANT
/MODEL=LINEAR
/PRINT ANOVA
/PLOT FIT.

Curve Fit
 Notes

Output Created 25-NOV-2016 13:04:05

Comments
Input Data F:\SUBHRA DRIVE\Ximb\Term-
2\SRM\SRM
presentation\Gdp_education.sav
Active Dataset DataSet2
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>
N of Rows in Working Data
31
File
Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User-defined missing values are treated
as missing.
Cases Used Cases with a missing value in any
variable are not used in the analysis.
Syntax CURVEFIT
/VARIABLES=LoG_GDP WITH
Enrollment
/CONSTANT
/MODEL=LINEAR
/PRINT ANOVA
/PLOT FIT.
Resources Processor Time 00:00:00.42
Elapsed Time 00:00:00.33
Use From First observation
To Last observation
Predict From First Observation following the use
period
To Last observation
Time Series Settings (TSET) Amount of Output PRINT = DEFAULT

Saving New Variables NEWVAR = NONE

Maximum Number of Lags in

Autocorrelation or Partial MXAUTO = 16
Autocorrelation Plots

Maximum Number of Lags MXCROSS = 7

Per Cross-Correlation Plots
 Maximum Number of New
Variables Generated Per MXNEWVAR = 60
Procedure

Maximum Number of New

MXPREDICT = 1000
Cases Per Procedure

Treatment of User-Missing
MISSING = EXCLUDE
Values

Confidence Interval
CIN = 95
Percentage Value

Tolerance for Entering

Variables in Regression TOLER = .0001
Equations

Maximum Iterative
CNVERGE = .001
Parameter Change

Method of Calculating Std.

ACFSE = IND
Errors for Autocorrelations

Length of Seasonal Period Unspecified

Variable Whose Values Label

Unspecified
Observations in Plots

Equations Include CONSTANT

Model Description

Model Name MOD_4

Dependent Variable 1 LoG_GDP
Equation 1 Linear
Independent Variable Enrollment
Constant Included
Variable Whose Values Label Observations in Plots Unspecified

Case Processing Summary

Total Cases 31
a
Excluded Cases 0
Forecasted Cases 0
Newly Created Cases 0
a. Cases with a missing value in any
variable are excluded from the
analysis.

Variable Processing Summary

Variables

Dependent Independent

LoG_GDP Enrollment

Number of Positive Values 31 31

Number of Zeros 0 0
Number of Negative Values 0 0
Number of Missing Values User-Missing 0 0

System-Missing 0 0

LoG_GDP(SEMI LOG)

Linear

Model Summary

Adjusted R Std. Error of the

R R Square Square Estimate

.954 .909 .906 .098

The independent variable is Enrollment.

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Regression 2.806 1 2.806 291.420 .000
Residual .279 29 .010
Total 3.085 30

The independent variable is Enrollment.

Coefficients

Standardized
Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients

B Std. Error Beta t Sig.

Enrollment .014 .001 .954 17.071 .000

(Constant) 1.155 .090 12.839 .000
--------------------------------------------------
-----------
IGNORE--------------------------------------
------
* Curve Estimation.
TSET NEWVAR=NONE.
CURVEFIT
/VARIABLES=GDP WITH Enrollment
/CONSTANT
/MODEL=CUBIC
/PRINT ANOVA
/PLOT FIT.

Curve Fit

Notes

Output Created 25-NOV-2016 13:06:46

Comments
Input Data F:\SUBHRA DRIVE\Ximb\Term-
2\SRM\SRM
presentation\Gdp_education.sav
Active Dataset DataSet2
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>
N of Rows in Working Data
31
File
Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User-defined missing values are treated
as missing.
Cases Used Cases with a missing value in any
variable are not used in the analysis.
Syntax CURVEFIT
/VARIABLES=GDP WITH Enrollment
/CONSTANT
/MODEL=CUBIC
/PRINT ANOVA
/PLOT FIT.
Resources Processor Time 00:00:00.20
Elapsed Time 00:00:00.20
Use From First observation
To Last observation
Predict From First Observation following the use
period
To Last observation
Time Series Settings (TSET) Amount of Output PRINT = DEFAULT

Saving New Variables NEWVAR = NONE

Maximum Number of Lags in

Autocorrelation or Partial MXAUTO = 16
Autocorrelation Plots

Maximum Number of Lags

MXCROSS = 7
Per Cross-Correlation Plots

Maximum Number of New

Variables Generated Per MXNEWVAR = 60
Procedure

Maximum Number of New

MXPREDICT = 1000
Cases Per Procedure

Treatment of User-Missing
MISSING = EXCLUDE
Values

Confidence Interval
CIN = 95
Percentage Value

Tolerance for Entering

Variables in Regression TOLER = .0001
Equations

Maximum Iterative
CNVERGE = .001
Parameter Change

Method of Calculating Std.

ACFSE = IND
Errors for Autocorrelations

Length of Seasonal Period Unspecified

 Variable Whose Values Label
Unspecified
Observations in Plots

Equations Include CONSTANT

Warnings

The Cubic model could not be fitted due to near-collinearity among model terms.

Model Description

Model Name MOD_5

Dependent Variable 1 GDP
Equation 1 Cubic
Independent Variable Enrollment
Constant Included
Variable Whose Values Label Observations in Plots Unspecified
Tolerance for Entering Terms in Equations .0001

Case Processing Summary

Total Cases 31
a
Excluded Cases 0
Forecasted Cases 0
Newly Created Cases 0

a. Cases with a missing value in any

variable are excluded from the
analysis.

Variable Processing Summary

Variables

Dependent Independent

GDP Enrollment

Number of Positive Values 31 31

Number of Zeros 0 0
Number of Negative Values 0 0
Number of Missing Values User-Missing 0 0

System-Missing 0 0

GDP

Cubic

Model Summary

Adjusted R Std. Error of the

R R Square Square Estimate

.969 .939 .934 141.361

The independent variable is Enrollment.

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Regression 8576265.355 2 4288132.677 214.590 .000

Residual 559520.618 28 19982.879
Total 9135785.973 30

The independent variable is Enrollment.

 Coefficients

Standardized
Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients

B Std. Error Beta t Sig.

Enrollment ** 2 -.374 .063 -3.230 -5.969 .000

Enrollment ** 3 .003 .000 4.146 7.661 .000
(Constant) 1164.839 244.783 4.759 .000

Excluded Terms

Partial Minimum
Beta In t Sig. Correlation Tolerance
a
Enrollment 11.297 2.260 .032 .399 .000

a. The tolerance limit for entering variables is reached.