Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sandeep Agrawal
Consultant Orthopedic Surgeon
MS,DNB
Understanding Back
Agrasen Hospital
Gondia
Pain:
Maharashtra
India Basics of Spine
www.agrasenortho.com
drsandeep123@gmail.com
09960122234
2
OSTEOLOGY
!
33 vertebrae !
23 intervertebral disks!
!
!
!
Primary curves!
Secondary curves
Sacral Kyphosis
Functions of the Spine
Protection of
spinal cord and nerve roots
internal organs
Spinal Nerve Topography
Ventral Peripheral
root nerve
Spinal Nerve Structures
Foramen
magnum
Spinal Cord
Flexion and Extension Left and Right Left and Right Rotation
Side Bending
Functions of the Spine
Structural support and
balance for upright posture
The spine is the axle bearing the
load of the head, shoulders and
thorax. The upper body weight is
then distributed to the lower
extremities through the sacrum and
pelvis.
This reduces the amount of work
required by the spinal muscles and
can eliminate muscle fatigue and
back pain.
Line of gravity
Auricle of the
ear
Odontoid
Body of C7
Anterior to thoracic
spine
Posterior to L3
15
2. Zygapophyseal articulation!
True synovial joints!
Fibroadipose meniscoid structures
Zygapophyseal
Inferior
Joint
Articular
(Facet Joint) Process
Basic Vertebral Structures
Posterior Lamina
Tubercle
Superior View
The Axis (C2)
Lateral
Body Odontoid Mass
Process
(Dens)
Superior
Articular
Facet
Inferior
Articular Spinous
Transverse
Facet Process
Process
Anterior View Posterior View
Lower Cervical Vertebrae
C3 - C7
Superior
Lateral Articular Facet
Mass
Vertebral
Lamina Foramen
Sacral Ala
Dorsal
Pedicles
Foramina
Sacral
Hiatus
Coccyx
Posterior View
The Sacrum
Sacral Tilt
30-60
Sacral 1
Promontory 2
Sacral Canal 3
Sacral Hiatus
4
5
Coccyx
Lateral View
!
Lumbosacral articulation:!
5th lumbar vertebra and 1st sacral segment. !
1st sacral segment is inclined slightly anteriorly and
inferiorly, forms an angle with horizontal: lumbosacral
angle
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THANK YOU
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