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Plant classification is the method of organizing plants in an order based on the features they
have in common. The science of classification of plants is known as plant taxonomy. Plant
taxonomy includes finding, identification, description, classification and naming
plants. Classification of plants includes identification and naming of the organisms, it also
ensures that the plants is given correct definition of the organism and establishes an
individual unit in the living world
Classification System
Earlier fungi and some members of the Monera and Protists which have cell walls were
included with the Plantae. Now, plants are classified as algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes,
gymnosperms and angiosperms.
The earliest classification systems used only morphological characters, they mainly
considered vegetative characters like structure of androecium. This artificial system
of classification separated species that were closely related and considered only few
characteristics. This system gave importance to vegetative and sexual
characteristics, where as vegetative characteristics are affected by the environment.
The natural classification system is based on natural affinities among the organisms,
and also internal features like ultrastructure, anatomy, embryology and
phytochemistry.
Algae
Algae are organisms bearing chlorophyll, they are simple, thalloid, atutotrophic and mostly
aquatic organisms. They are both fresh water and marine organisms. They occur in a variety
of habitats and also in association with fungi as animals. They are of variable sizes, they
may be microscopic like Chlamydomonas and colonial forms like Volvox, few marine forms
like kelps form massive plant bodies. Reproduction in algae is by vegetative, asexual and
sexual methods.
They are important as they are primary producers which form basis of the food cycle
of all aquatic organisms.
Bryophytes
The bryophytes include organisms like mosses and liverworts, they are commonly
found growing in moist shaded areas in the hills.
Bryophytes are known as amphibians of the plant kingdom cause they live in soil but
are dependent on water for sexual reproduction.
These plants plants lack true roots, stem or leaves or they may possess root-like,
leaf-like or stem-like structures.
These are of little economic importance but some act like food for herbaceous
mammals, birds and other animals.
Pteridophytes
They are mostly used for medicinal purposes and soil-binders. They are also grown
as ornamentals.
Pteridophytes are the first plants to possess vascular tissues xylem and phloem.
These are present in cool, damp, shady place and flourish well in sandy-soil
conditions.
The main plant body of the pteridophyte is a sporophytes and it is differentiated into
true root, stem and leaves.
Gymnosperms
Gymnosperms are plants in which the ovules are not enclosed by any ovary wall and
they remain exposed both before and after fertilization.
These seeds develop post fertilization and are not covered, hence naked.
The leaves may be simple or compound and they can withstand extreme
temperature, humidity and wind.
The gymnosperms are heterosporous and have a sporophyte dominant life cycle
while the gametophytes phase is relatively short.
They have many economic uses, like pine, spruce, fir and cedar are used for lumber.
Some of them are also used as soap, nail polish, varnish, gum, food and perfumes.
Angiosperms
Angiosperms are flowering plants; they have developed structures called flowers.
They provide commercially important products like food, fodder, fuel, medicines, etc.
They are majorly divided into two classes - the dicotyledons and the
monocotyledons.
http://biology.tutorvista.com/plant-kingdom/plant-classification.html
The table gives the classification of Plant Families according to APG III
Order:
Asparagales
Families:
Amaryllidaceae
Asparagaceae
Asteliaceae
Blandfordiaceae
Boryaceae
Doryanthaceae
Hypoxidaceae
Iridaceae
Ixioliriaceae
Lanariaceae
Orchidaceae
Tecophilaeaceae
Xanthorrhoeaceae
Xeronemataceae
Order:
Malvales
Families:
Bixaceae
Cistaceae
Cytinaceae
Dipterocarpaceae
Malvaceae
Muntingiaceae
Neuradaceae
Sarcolaenaceae
Sphaerosepalacea
e
Thymelaceae
Order:
Sapindales
Families:
Anacardiaceae
Biebersteiniaceae
Burseraceae
Kirkiaceae
Meliaceae
Nitrariaceae
Rutaceae
Sapindaceae
Simaroubaceae
http://theseedsite.co.uk/class4.html
The table gives the traditional classification of Plant Families into their Orders and
Superorders,
in the Subclasses Dicotyledonae and Monocotyledonae, in the Class Gymnospermae
SUBCLASS: DICOTYLEDONAE
Order:
Capparales
Families:
Capparaceae
Tovariaceae
Brassicaceae
Resedaceae
Moringaceae
Order:
Ericales
Families:
Clethraceae
Grubbiaceae
Cyrillaceae
Ericaceae
Epacridaceae
Empetraceae
Pyrolaceae
Order:
Diapensales
Family:
Diapensiaceae
Order:
Ebenales
Families:
Sapotaceae
Ebenaceae
Styracaceae
Order:
Primulales
Families:
Primulaceae
Myrsinaceae
Order:
Celastrales
Families:
Geissolomataceae
Celastraceae
Stackhousiaceae
Salvadoraceae
Corynocarpaceae
Icacinaceae
Aquifoliaceae
Dichapetalaceae
Order:
Euphorbiales
Families:
Buxaceae
Pandaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Order:
Rhamnales
Families:
Rhamnaceae
Vitaceae
Order:
Sapindales
Families:
Staphyleaceae
Melianthaceae
Connaraceae
Sapindaceae
Sabiaceae
Julianiaceae
Hippocastanaceae
Aceraceae
Burseraceae
Anacardiaceae
Simaroubaceae
Coriariaceae
Meliaceae
Cneoraceae
Rutaceae
Zygophyllaceae
Order:
Juglandales
Family:
Juglandaceae
Order:
Geraniales
Families:
Houmiriaceae
Linaceae
Geraniaceae
Oxalidaceae
Erythroxylaceae
Limnanthaceae
Balsaminaceae
Tropaeolaceae
Order:
Polygalales
Families:
Malphighiaceae
Trigoniaceae
Tremandraceae
Vochysiaceae
Polygalaceae
Krameriaceae
Order:
Umbellales
Families:
Araliaceae
Apiaceae
Order:
Juncales
Families:
Juncaceae
Thurniaceae
Order:
Cyperales
Family:
Cyperaceae
Order:
Typhales
Families:
Typhaceae
Sparganiaceae
Order:
Bromeliales
Family:
Bromeliaceae
Order:
Zingiberales
Families:
Musaceae
Strelitziaceae
Zingiberaceae
Cannaceae
Marantaceae
http://theseedsite.co.uk/class2.html