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TESTS ON SOLID
ion test result notes
carbonate CO 3
2 add some acid Effervescence Bubble through limewater to confirm
gas is CO2 and not Hydrogen
lithium Li+ dip wire loop into conc. Red flame
hydrochloric acid and
sodium Na +
then into solid Yellow flame
potassium K + compound and then Lilac flame
place in Bunsen flame
calcium Ca 2+ Red-yellow flame
barium Ba 2+ Green flame
ammonium NH4 + add sodium hydroxide Turns damp red litmus blue
(aq) and warm
(forms ammonia gas) Glass rod dipped in
concentrated HCl gives off white
smoke
nitrate NO3 add sodium hydroxide As above ( test for ammonia)
(aq) then warm & add
aluminium powder
(forms ammonia gas)
TESTS ON SOLUTION
ion test result notes
aluminium Al3+ add sodium hydroxide White precipitate Precipitate dissolves in excess
(aq) hydroxide
calcium Ca2+ White precipitate Needs to be confirmed using a flame
test
magnesium White precipitate Needs to be confirmed using a flame
test
copper Cu 2+ Blue precipitate
iron (II) Fe 2+ Dark green precipitate Turns brown on standing ( 2+ ion
oxidises into 3+ ion)
iron (III) Fe3+ Brown precipitate
chloride Cl add dilute nitric acid White precipitate Silver chloride ppt dissolves in dilute
(aq) then silver nitrate or concentrated ammonia solution
(aq)
bromide Br Cream precipitate Silver bromide ppt dissolves only in
concentrated ammonia solution
sulphate SO 4
2 add dilute hydrochloric White precipitate Sulphate (VI) ions are insoluble but
acid (aq) and then Sulphate (IV) ions are soluble in
barium chloride (aq) presence of HCl