THEORY

A weir is a notch form which water may flow. It serves as a barrier for the flow of water in an
open channel. In open channel hydraulics, weirs are commonly to measure the volumetric
flow rate. They are of particular use in large scale situations such as irrigation schemes,
canals and rivers.
There are different types of weir. It may be a simple metal plate with a V-notch cut into it..
Common weir constructions are the rectangular weir, the triangular or v-notch weir, and the
broad-crested weir. A sharp crested, rectangular weir is simply a flat plate obstruction in an
open channel flow path, with a straight, level opening to allow water flow over the weir. It is
used to meter flow of water over the weir (and through the open channel) by measuring the
head of water over the weir crest. A v notch weir is simply a 'v notch' in a plate that is placed
so that it obstructs an open channel flow, causing the water to flow over the v notch. It is used
to meter flow of water in the channel, by measuring the head of water over the v notch crest.
The triangular V- notch has advantages over the rectangular notch since the does not depends
on the head different so that the coefficient of discharge does not vary so much.. Since V-
notch and rectangular notch is different thus it have different method of calculating the
discharge coefficients of the fluid flow.

1.Rectangular Notch

3
2
Q t =Cd b (2 g)H 2
3

Where;
Qt = volume flow rate ( m/s )
H = height above notch base (m)
b = width of rectangular notch
Cd = the discharge coefficient, which has to be determined by experiment
2.V- Notch

5
8
Q t =Cd
15 ()
tan
2
(2 g) H 2

Where;
Qt = volume flow rate
H = height above notch base
B = width of rectangular notch
= angle of the V in the triangular notch
Cd = the discharge coefficient, which has to be determined by experiment
CONCLUSION:
From this experiment, it can be concluded that the discharge coefficient, Cd for the triangular
notch are higher compare to the rectangular notch. For rectangular notch, it is constant for
every depth. But, for triangular notch the value of B will increase as the depth, H increase
related to the angle of notch. It clearly shown that the coefficient of discharge is dependent on
the volumetric flow.

RECOMANDATION

1. Ensure that the scale of the needle is in zero positioning before setting the initial depth
of water.
2. Ensure that the surface of the water touches the tip of the needle before recording the
volume of the water flow.
3. Remember to let the water flow for 5 min to ensure constant flowing water flow to
obtain constant flowrate.
4. Take the flowrate 3 times for every height to obtain a precise average flowrate.