STRATEGICACTIONPLANFORSLOWLEARNERS

MATHEMATICS

CLASSXII

SLNO TOPIC AREASIDENTIFIED MARKS

1. 4
INVERSETRIGONOMETRICFNS Applications

2. MATRICES& 6
DETERMINANTS SOLVING 4
EQUATIONSUSING
PROPERTIESOF MATRIXMETHOD
DETERMINANTS

3 DIFFERENTIATION UsingLogarithms 4

4. APPLICATIONOFDERIVATIVES INCREASINGAND 4
DECREASINGFNS
5. APPLICATIONOFINTEGRALS AREABETWEENTWO
CURVES
USINGFORMULAE 6

ORAREAOFTRIANGLE
6. DIFFERENTIALEQUATIONS LINEARDIFFERENTIAL 4
EQN.
7 VECTORS DOTPRODUCT 4
VECTORPRODUCT
8. THREEDIMENSIONALGEOMETRY
SHORTESTDISTANCE 4
BETWEENTWOLINES
9 LINEARPROGRAMMING GRAPH 6

10 PROBABILITY BAYESTHEOREM 4

TOTAL 50

 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Areas to be revised:

1. Principal value branch table.

2. Properties of Inverse Trigonometric functions.

Properties:
tan ifxy< 1

1. tan +tan tan if x > 0, y > 0, xy> 1

tan ifx < 0, y < 0, xy> 1

tan ifxy>-1

2.tan tan tan ifx > 0, y < 0, xy<-1

tan ifx < 0, y> 0, xy<-1

Problems

1. Prove that

Sol: L.H.S = tan tan tan

=tan -
.

tan tan tan tan 1

= tan tan

= tan ( xy> -1)

= tan tan 1 = R.H.S.

2. If ,then find the value of x.

Sol.: We have sin sin cos 1,

= sin sin cos sin

= sin cos = x=

3. Write the value of .

Sol:tan 2 sin 2 x since cos

= tan 2 sin tan 2x

tan 3
3

4. Prove that

=2 tan tan

=tan tan 2 tan tan

=tan tan

=tan tan

tan tan , 1

=tan

Let tan tan

sin sin

tan =sin = R.H.S

5. Find the value of |x|<1 ,y>0,

xy<1
Sol: tan sin cos

=tan [2tan 2 tan 2 tan sin

cos

=tan x 2 [ tan tan

=tan [ tan

6. Prove that

Sol. L.H.S tan tan tan tan

= tan tan

= tan tan
= tan tan

= tan x 1

=tan tan 1

7. Prove that
Sol. LHS =cot 7 cot 8 cot 18
=tan tan tan since cot tan

=tan tan since x 1

3 1
3 1 11 18
tan tan tan
11 18 3 1
1 x
11 18
=tan tan cot 3 RHS

8. Solve
Sol.=tan 2 tan 3
=tan tan
=> 1 6x2 +5x-1=0 => (6x-1)(x+1) = 0
x= or 1
sincex= -1 doesnt satisfy the equation, x=1/6 is the only solution of
the given equation.

9. Solve for x,

Sol. Given tan tan

=tan

= tan

= 1 1

=2 4 3

10. If 1, then solve the following for x

Sol. Given tan 1 tan 1 tan

= tan tan
= tan tan
= 16 8 62
=4 31 8 0 8 4 1 0
1
8 &
4
As 0 <x <1 ,x -8 therefore x=1/4
5

 Matrices & Determinants

1. Let A= express A as a sum of two matrices such that one is symmetric

and other is skew symmetric.

Sol. A can be expressed as A= [A+A1] + [A-A1]-------------(1)
Where A+A1 and A-A1 are symmetric and skew symmetric matrices respectively.
3 2 5 3 4 0 6 6 5
A+A1= 4 1 3 2 1 6 6 2 9
0 6 7 5 3 7 5 9 14
3 2 5 3 4 0 0 2 5
1
A- A = 4 1 3 2 1 6 2 0 3
0 6 7 5 3 7 5 3 0
Putting the values of A+A1 and A - A1 in equation (1) we get
6 6 5 0 2 5
A= 6 2 9 2 0 3
5 9 14 5 3 0

2.Using properties of determinants, prove that

a ab ac
Sol.LHS let ba b bc
ca cb c
takinga, b, c common from R1, R2 and R3 respectively
a b c
bc a b c
a b c
Now taking a, b, c common from C1, C2 and C3 respectively
1 1 1
1 1 1 applying R1 R1 + R2
1 1 1
0 0 2
1 1 1 expanding along first row, we get
1 1 1
0 0 2 1 1 =4

3. Using properties of determinants, show that

1
Sol. LHS = let 1 applying R1R1+R2 + R3 we get
1
1 1 1
1
1
6

Taking 1 common from R1

1 1 1
1 1 applyingC2C2 C1,C3C3 C1
1
1 0 0
1 1 expanding along R1
1
1 1 1 1
= 1 1 1
= 1 1 1

4. Using properties of determinants, show that

1
Sol. LHS 1
1
Multiplying C1, C2 and C3 by a, b and c respectively , we get
1
1
1
1
taking a, b, c common from R1, R2 and R3 respectively
1
1 applying C1C1+ C2 + C3
1
1
1 1
1 1
Taking common (1 from C1
1
1 1 1
1 1
Applying R2R2 R1 , R3R3 R1
1
1 0 1 0
0 0 1
expanding along C1 , we get
1 1 1 0 0 0 1 RHS

5. Prove that

2
Sol. let 2 applying C1C1+C2+C3
2
2
2 2 2
2 2
Taking 2 common from C1 , we get
1
2 1 2
1 2
applying R2R2-R1 , R3R3-R1
1
2 0 0 expanding along C1 we get
0 0
2 1 0
=2 = RHS

6. Using properties of determinants prove that

Sol. LHS let applying C1C1+C2+C3

Taking ( common from C1 , we get

1
1
1
applying R2R2-R1 , R3R3-R1 and expanding along C1 we get
1 0 RHS

7. Prove that

1 1 1
Sol.LHS= let 1 1 1
1 1 1

Taking a,b,c common from R1,R2 and R3 respectively

1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 applying R1R1+R2+R3
1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1

taking 1 1 1 1 common from R1

1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1
1 1 1 1
applying C2C2 C1 , C3C3 C1
1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 0 expanding along R1, we get
1
1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 0

= 1 1 1 1 RHS

8. If a, b, c are real numbers and show that either a+b+c=0

ora=b=c

Sol. Let applying C1C1+C2+C3

2 1
2 =2 1
2 1
applying R2R2-R1 , R3R3-R1 and expanding along C1 and on simplification we get
2
given 0 either 0 or 0 or 0 or 0
Either a+b+c=0 or a=b=c

11. Two schools decided to award some of their selected students for the values honesty,
regularity and hardwork at the rate of Rs. X ,Rs. y and Rs.z respectively per student the
first school allotted a total of Rs.15,000 for its 2,2and 1 students for the respective values,
while the second school kept Rs.19000 for theses values for 3,1and 2 students
respectively. If the sum of three awards per students is Rs.10,000 then find the values of
x,yand z using matrices. Suggest one more value which should also be included for the
awards.
Sol. We can represent given information , by the system of equation
2x 2y z 15000
3x y 2z 19000
x y z 10,000
Rewriting the above equations in matrix form
2 2 1 15000
3 1 2 19000 AX B
1 1 1 10000
2 2 1 15000
Where A 3 1 2 X B 19000
1 1 1 10000
|A| 2 2 2 2 0, so A exists and have unique solutions
1

1
1 3 1 1 3
adjA 1 1 1 A1 | | 1 1 1
0 2 4 2 0 4
1 1 3 15000 2000 2000
X A1B 1 1 1 19000 3000 3000
2 0 4 10000 5000 5000
Hence the award for honesty Rs 2000, award for regularity Rs 3000 and award for
handwork Rs 5000
Value: Any one value like sincerity or helpfulness etc can be awarded.
12. There are 3 families A,B and C. The no. of men, women and children in these families
are as under
Men Women Children
Family A 2 3 1
Family B 2 1 3
Family C 4 2 6
Daily expenses of men, women and children are Rs200 , Rs150 and Rs200 respectively
only men and women earn and children do not. Using matrix multiplication, calculate the
daily expenses of each family. what impact does more children in the family create on the
society ?
Sol. The No. of men, women and children in families A,B and C can be represented by 3 x
3 matrix as

10

 family A 2 1 3
X family B 2 3 and daily expenses of men, women and children can be
1
family C 4 6 2
Men 200
represented by 3 x 1 matrix as Y women 150 Daily expense of each family is given
children 200
by the product XY
family A 2 3 1 200 family A 1050
XY family B 2 1 3 150 family B 1150 Hence daily expense of
family C 4 2 6 200 family C 2300
i Family A Rs 1050
ii Family B Rs 1150
iii Family C Rs 2300
VALUE: More children in the family will increase the expenses of family, which will
affect the economy of society.

2 1 1
13. For the matrix A 1 2 1 show that A25A 4I 0 hence find A1
1 1 2
2 1 1
Sol. Given A 1 2 1
1 1 2
2 1 1 2 1 1 6 5 5
A AA
2 1 2 1 1 2 1 5 6 5
1 1 2 1 1 2 5 5 6
6 5 5 10 5 5 4 0 0 0 0 0
A 5A 4I
2 5 6 5 5 10 5 0 4 0 0 0 0 0
5 5 6 5 5 10 0 0 4 0 0 0
A25A 4I 0 Premultiplying by A1 both sides, we get
A1A25A1A 4A1I A10 A5I 4A1 0 4A1 5IA
A1 5IA
5 0 0 2 1 1 3 1 1
A1 0 5 0 1 2 1 1 3 1
0 0 5 1 1 2 1 1 3

Try These
21
1. If A and I is the identity matrix of order 2 then show that
21
2 1
A 4A 3I 0 hence find A Ans.
2 1 3 3
1 2
3 3

2. To raise money for an Orphanage, students of three schools A,B and C organized
an exhibition in their locality, where they sold paper bags , scrap book and pastel
sheets made by them using recycled paper, at the rate of Rs 20, Rs 15 and Rs 5
per unit respectively . School A sold 25 paper bags, 12 scrap books and 34 pastel
11

 sheets. School B sold 22 paper bags, 15 scrap books and 28 pastel sheets while
school C sold 26 paper bags1 18 scrap books and 36 pastel sheets. Using
matrices find the total amount raised by each school. By such exhibition, which
values are inculcated in the students ?
Ans: School A Rs 850 B Rs 805 C Rs 970
Values: helping the orphans, use of recycle paper.
3. Find nonzero values of x satisfying the matrix equation
2 2 8 5 8 24
2 2
3 4 4 10 6
4. Librarian Mr.Ajeet Kumar has purchased 10 dozen autobiography of great
person, 8 dozen historical books, 10 dozen story books related to moral teaching
the cost prices are Rs.80 , Rs.60 and Rs.40 respectively. Find the total amount of
money that he invested for library using matrix algebra. Which type of books is
more useful for students and why ?
Ans: Rs.20160, autobiography of great person is more useful for students as it
educate a lesson to them for being a great person.
1 0 2
5. If A 0 2 1 prove that A36A2 7A 2I 0
2 0 3
6. Using matrix, solve 3x2y 3z 8 , 2x yz 1 , 4x3y 2z 4
Ans: x 1 , y 2 , z 3
1 2 5
7. Find A1, if A1 1 1 hence solve the following system of linear equation
2 3 1
x 2y 5z 10 , xyz 2 , 2x 3yz 11
8. Solve using matrix,

2 3 3 1 1 1 3 1 2
10 , 10 , 13

9. UsingpropertiesofDeterminants,showthat

Sol:L.H.SLet

ApplyingR1>R1+R2+R3
2 2 2

Taking2commonfromR1

ApplyingR2>R2R1,R3>R3R1

0
0
12

 ApplyingR1>R1+R2+R3

0
0
0
ExpandingalongR1,weget

20 0 0 4 =RHS

1
10. Ifx,y,zarealldifferentand 1 0,thenshowthat1 0.
1
1
Sol:Let 1
1
1
= 1
1
1 1
1 + 1 (Takingcommonx,y,zfromR1,R2andR3
1 1
respectively)

1 1
1 1 1
1 1
1
= 1 1
1
ApplyingR2>R2R1,R3>R3R1

1
1 0
0
ExpandingalongC1andsimplifying,weget

Since 0 andx,y,zarealldifferent 0, 0,weget1 0.

TRYTHESE

I. Usingpropertiesofdeterminants,provethefollowing
4 2 2
1. 2 4 2 5 4 4
2 2 4

13

 2. 2

3. 2 3 2 4 3 2 =
3 6 3 10 6 3

4.

5.

II. Usingpropertiesofdeterminantssolveforx.
3 8 3 3
1. 3 3 8 3 0
3 3 3 8
[Ans: , ,
2 2 3 3 4
2. 4 2 9 3 16 0
8 2 27 3 64
[Ans:x=4]
1 1 1
3. 1 1 1 0
1 1 1
[Ans:x=1,2]

4. 0, 0

[Ans:x= ]
5. Usingpropertiesofdet.Provethat
2
i. 2 9
2
1
ii. 1 1
1

SolutionsofLinearEquationsusingMatrices

1. Solve 2 7; 3 4 5 5; 2 3 12usingMatrixmethod.
Sol:ThegivensystemofequationscanbeexpressedinMatrixfromAx=B,where
1 1 2 7
3 4 5 , , 15
2 1 3 12
1 1 2
| | 3 4 5 7 19 22 4 0
2 1 3
| | 0 existsandgivensystemhasuniquesolutionX=A1B
14

 7 1 3 1 7 1 3
19 1 11 , 19 1 11
| | 4
11 1 7 11 1 7
7 1 3 7 8 2
1
X=A B= 19 1 11 15 4 1
11 1 7 12 12 3
2
=> 1 2, 1, 3
3

2 3 5
1 1
2. If 3 2 4 , findA ,usingA solvethesystemofequations2 3
1 1 2
5 11, 3 2 4 5, 2 3.
2 3 5
Sol:| | 3 2 4 =06+5=1 0
1 1 2
AisanonsingularMatrix,soA1exists.
0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2
adjA= 2 9 23 , | |
2 9 23 2 9 23
1 5 13 1 5 13 1 5 13
Thegivensystemofequationscanbeexpressedas
2 3 5 11
Ax=B 3 2 4 5
1 1 2 3
2 3 5 11
WhereA= 3 2 4 ,X= ,B= 5
1 1 2 3
0 1 2 11 1
1
AX=B=>A B=>X= 2 9 23 5 2
1 5 13 3 3
1
= 2 =>x=1,y=2,z=3
3
4 4 4 1 1 1
3. Determinetheproduct 7 1 3 1 2 2 andusingitsolvethe
5 3 1 2 1 3
equations.
2 1, 2 4, 2 3 0
1 1 1 4 4 4
Sol:LetA= 1 2 2 , 7 1 3
2 1 3 5 3 1
4 4 4 1 1 1 8 0 0
CA= 7 1 3 1 2 2 = 0 8 0 8
5 3 1 2 1 3 0 0 8
1
=>A = [
1 4 4 4
7 1 3
8
5 3 1

15

 ThegivensystemofequationscanbewritteninmatrixformasPX=B
1 1 2 1
WhereP= 1 2 1 ,X= ,B= 4
1 2 3 0
PX=B=>
1 1 2
ButP= 1 2 1 =
1 2 3
1 4 7 5
4 1 3
8
4 3 1
4 7 5 1 32
X= 4 1 3 4 8
4 3 1 0 16

4
= 1 4, 1, 2
2

4. Solve 4, 1, 2byusingMatrixmethod.
Sol:RewritingthegivenequationsinMatrixform,weget
1

2 3 10 1 4
4 6 5 1
6 9 20 2
1

AX=B

2 3 10 4
WhereA= 4 6 5 , , 1
6 9 20 2

|150+330+720=1200 0
AisnonsingularsoA1existsandX=A1B.
75 150 75 75 150 75
1
adjA= 110 100 30 ,A = | | 110 100 30
72 0 24 72 0 24
75 150 75 4 600
1
X=A B=> 110 100 30 1 400
72 0 24 2 240

=> = =>x=2,y=3,z=5

16

 5. The management committee of a residential colony decided to award some of its

members(sayx)forhonesty,some(sayy)forhelpingotherandsomeothers(sayz)
for supervising the workers to kepp the colony neat and clean. The sum of all the
awardees is 12. Three times the sum of awardees for cooperation and supervision
added to two times the number of awardees for honesty is 33. If the sum of the
numberofawardeesforhonestyandsupervisionistwicethenumberofawardees
for helping others, using matrix method, find the number of awardees of each
category. Apart from these values, namely, honesty, cooperation and supervision,
suggest one more value which the management of the colony must include for
awards.
Sol:Accordingtothequestion,thesystemofvaluesis 12, 2 3
3 33, 2 0.
TheabovesystemofequationscanbewritteninmatrixforAX=Bas
1 1 1 12 1 1 1 12
2 3 3 = 33 whereA= 2 3 3 , , 33
1 2 1 0 1 2 1 0

|A|=9+17=3 0,SoA1exists.
AX=B=>A1B
9 3 0 9 3 0
adjA= 1 0 1 , | |
1 0 1
7 3 1 7 3 1
9 3 0 12 9
X= 1 0 1 33 = 12
7 3 1 0 15
3
= 4 =>x=3,y=4,z=5
5
Numberofawardsforhonesty=3

Numberofawardsforhelpingothers=4

Numberofawardsforsupervising=5

Value:Themanagementcanincludecleanlinessforawardingthemembers.

Orthemanagementcanalsoincludethepersons,whoworkinthefieldofhealthand
hygiene.

Oranyotherrelevantanswer.

2 2 4 1 1 0
11. Given A 4 2 4 B 2 3 4 find BA and use this to solve the
2 1 5 0 1 2
system of equations y 2z 7 , xy 3 , 2x 3y 4z 17

17

 10. Sum of three numbers is 20. If we multiply the first by 2 and add the second
number and subtract the third we get 23. If we multiply the first by 3 and add
second and third to it we get 46. Find the numbers.
Ans: 13, 2, 5
3 1 1 1 2 2
11. If A1 15 6 5 and B 1 3 0 then find AB 1

5 2 2 0 2 1
use AB 1 B1 A1
4 2 1
12. Express the matrix A 3 5 7 as the sum of a symmetric and a skew
1 2 1
symmetric matrix.
1 2 3 2
13. Find a matrix X such that 2A B X 0, when A ,B
3 4 1 5
14. A trust has fund Rs.50,000 that is to be invested in two different types of bonds.
The first bond pays 10%P.A interest which will be given to adult education and
second bond pays 12% interest P.A which will be given to financial benefits of
the trust using matrix multiplication, determine how to divide Rs.50,000 among
two types of bonds, if the trust fund obtains an annual total interest of Rs.1800.
what are the values reflected in the question.
15. An agriculture firm possesses 100 acre cultivated land that must be cultivated in
two different mode of cultivations : organic and inorganic. The yield for organic
and inorganic system of cultivation is 15 quintals/acre and 20 quintals/acre
respectively .using matrix method determine how to divide 100 acre land among
two modes of cultivation to obtain yields of 1600 quintals.
Which mode of cultivation do you prefer most and why ?

18

 DIFFERENTIABILITY

LOGARITHMICDIFFERENTIATION:
Rulesoflogarithmicfunction
=
/ =
=n

Changeofbaserule =

loge=1,log1=0,
PRACTICEQUESTIONS:

1. Differentiate
Solution:

19

 2. If find

3. If , ,

20

 4. Differentiate withrespecttox:

5. If ,

21

 6. If

7. find

22

8. Differentiate(

PRACTICEQUESTIONS:

Find forthefollowing:

1. If . 9.
2. 10. If prove
3. that
4. 11. Differentiatewithrespectto
5. x:
6. 12.If ,
7.
8.
23

 APPLICATIONSOFDERIVATIVES
INCREASINGANDDECREASINGFUNCTIONS:

1.Stepsforworkingrule:
i)Findf(x)infactorform.

ii)Solvef(x)=0andfindtheroots.

iii)Iftherearenroots,thendividethereal
numberlineRinto(n+1)disjointopenintervals.

iv)Findthesignoff(x)ineachoftheaboveintervals.

v)f(x)isincreasingordecreasingintheintervalswhenf(x)is
positiveornegativerespectively

TipsandTechniques:

1. Ifthecoefficientofthehighestpoweris+vethentherightmostintervalinthe
RealLineis+ve&theotherintervalsfromrighttoleftgetalternativelysigned.
Thegivenfunctionisincreasingin+vesignedintervalsanddecreasingintheve
signedintervals.

2. Ifthecoefficientofthehighestpowerisvethentherightmostintervalinthe
RealLineisve&theotherintervalsfromrighttoleftgetalternativelysigned.
Thegivenfunctionisincreasingin+vesignedintervalsanddecreasingintheve
signedintervals.

24

SAMPLEQUESTIONSANDSOLUTION:
1. Findtheintervalsinwhichthefunctionfgivenby
is
a)strictlyincreasing b)strictlydecreasing

25

 2. Find the intervals in which the function f given by ,

, isstrictlyincreasingorstrictlydecreasing.
SOLUTION:

3. Findtheintervalsinwhichthefunctionfgivenby 2 3 36 7is
a)strictlyincreasing b)strictlydecreasing

26

4. Findtheintervalsinwhichthefunctionfgivenby
is
a)strictlyincreasing b)strictlydecreasing

.5. Findtheintervalsinwhichthefunctionfgivenby 4 45 51is

a)strictlyincreasing b)strictlydecreasing

27

5. Showthat log 1 ,x>1isanincreasingfunctionthroughoutitsdomain.

28

PRACTICEQUESTIONS:

Findtheintervalsinwhichthefollowingfunctionsareincreasingand
decreasing.
1. 2 3 9 2 12 15
2. 2 3 12 2 18 15
3. 2 3 12 2 18 7
3 2
4. 15 120 3
3 2
5. 2 3 12 6
6. 2 3 9 2 12 1
7.
2
8. 2
3
9. 3 2 3 100
10.Provethatthefunctionfgivenby
,
11. Provethatthefunctionfgivenby
,
12.Showthatthefunction isneitherincreasingnor
decreasingon(0,1)
TANGENTSANDNORMALS:

1. Findtheequationofthetangenttothecurve
, at

29

 2. Findtheequationofthetangenttothecurve ,whichisparalleltothe
line

3. Findtheequationofthetangenttothecurve ,whichisparalleltothe
line

30

4. Findthepointsonthecurve atwhichtheslopeofthetangent
isequaltotheycoordinateofthepoint.

31

 5. Findtheequationsofthetangentandthenormaltothecurve
,

32

 6. Findtheequationofthenormalatthepoint(am2,am3)forthecurveay2=x3

7. Findtheequationofthetangentandnormaltothecurve
,

33

PRACTICEQUESTIONS:

1. Findthepointsatwhichthetangenttothecurve
Isparalleltothexaxis.
2. Findtheslopeofthenormaltothecurve ,
3. Findthepointsonthecurve atwhichthetangenthasthe
equation

4. Provethatthetangentstothecurve
, ,
Areatrightangles.
5. Findtheequationofthetangenttothecurve ,whichisparalleltothe
line
6. Findtheequationofthetangentandnormaltothecurve

7. Findtheequationsofthenormalstothecurve whichisparallel
totheline
8. Findtheequationofthetangenttothe
curve , .
9. Findtheequationofthetangenttothecurve ,
Thatareparalleltothelinex+2y=0
10. Findtheequationsofthenormalatapointonthecurvex2=ywhichpasses
through
Thepoint(1,2).Alsofindtheequationofthetangent

34

 INTEGRATION&APPLICATIONOFINTEGRALS
POINTSTOREMEMBER:
A:Integrationofstandardfunctions

35

 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8. ;wherem 1
9. | |
10.
11.

12.

B:Integrationbysubstitution
/
| |
/
1.
/
2.
Where
C:Integrationusingtrigonometricidentities
1.
2.
3.

4.
5. . .

6. . .

7. . .

36

D:Integrationofspecialfunctions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

7.
8.

Everyquadraticpolynomial canbeexpressedinoneofthethreeforms
, or bycompletingsquaremethod
Example:3 7 5 3 [seethatxcoefficientis1]
[Addandsubtractsquareof(halfthexcoefficient)i.e. ]
7 49 49 5 7 11 7 11
3 3 3
3 36 36 3 6 36 6 6

Itisintheformof where and

E:Integrationofquadraticequations
1. ExpressQ.Eas anduse1,2and3formulae
2. FindA,BSuchthatL.E=A. . +B,separateintegralsand
proceed
3. ExpressQ.Eas anduse4,5and6formulae
4. FindA,BSuchthatL.E=A. . +B,separateintegralsand
proceed
5. ExpressQ.Eas anduse7,8and9formulae

Arationalexpression iscalledproperifdegreeof issmallerthandegreeof

If isproperandthepolynomial canbeexpressedasproductoflinear/quadraticfactors,
thenitcanbedecomposedintosmallfractionscalledpartialfractions.
(Allnonrepeatedlinearfactorsonly)
(Repeatedbutlinearfactorsonly)
(involvenonrepeatedquadraticfactors)
37

 6. . . FindA,BSuchthatL.E=A. . +B,separateintegralsand
proceed
F:Integrationofarationalexpression
Ifitisproper,decomposeitintopartialfractionsandthenintegrate

2.Ifitisnotproper,divide byQ(x)
And canbesplitintopartialfractionsasitisproper
G:Integrationbyparts
/
1. (learnILATErule)
/
2.
H:DefiniteIntegrals
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
I:DefiniteintegralbylimitSummethod
1. Tofind ;followthestepsmentionedbelow.
2. Write (constant)
3. Find
4. Substitutetheintheformula
5. Usevalues: , , ,

J:ApplicationofIntegrals
denotetheareaunderthecurve boundedbythreelines ,
andy=0.
Tofindtheareaboundedbyacurveandacurve/straightline,
a. Firstfindthepointsofintersectionwherethecurveintersectsthecurve/line.
b. Drawtheroughsketchofthecurveandcurve/straightline
c. Writetherequiredareausingdefiniteintegralsandthensolve.

Questionsforpractice
1. Evaluate 3. Evaluate
2. Evaluate 4. Evaluate

38

 5. Evaluate
6. Evaluate
7. Evaluate
8. Evaluate
9. Evaluate
10. Evaluate
11. Evaluate
12. Evaluate
13. Evaluate
14. Evaluate
15. Evaluate

16. Evaluate

39

 17. Evaluate
18. Evaluate

19. Evaluate
20. Evaluate
21. Evaluate | | | | | |
22. Evaluate
23. Evaluate

24. Evaluate
25. Evaluate

26. Evaluate

27. Evaluate

28. Evaluate

29. Evaluate
30. Evaluate
31. Evaluate
32. Evaluate
33. Evaluate bythemethodoflimitofsums.
34. Evaluate bythemethodoflimitofsums
35. Evaluate bythemethodoflimitofsums
36. Usingintegration,findtheareaoftheregionboundedbythecurves | |
, , ,
37. Usingtheintegration,findtheareaoftheregionboundedbythecurve
andtheline
38. Sketchthegraphof | |andevaluatetheareaunderthecurve |
|abovexaxisandbetween to .
39. Usingtheintegration,findtheareaoftheregionboundedbythecurve and

40. Findtheareaofthecircle whichisinteriortotheparabola .
41. UsingintegrationfindtheareaofthetriangleABC,coordinatesofwhosevertices
areA(4,1),B(6,6)andC(8,4).
42. Usingtheintegrationfindtheareaofthetriangularregionwhosesideshave
equations , and
43. Usingtheintegrationfindtheareaofthetriangularregionwhosesideshave
equations , and
44. Usingtheintegration,findtheareaoftheregionenclosedbetweenthetwocircles
and

40

 HINTS/SOLUTIONS

1 Write ,expand

Ans: |
|
2 Putsinx=t,continueasinproblem13

Ans: | |
3 DivideNrandDrbycosx,replace1by

Ans:
4 UseidentitiesAns:

5 Write

Ans:
6 Multiplyanddivideby ,andput

Obtaintheform ,let

Obtaintheform =

7
Write use
formulaD5
Ans:
8 Write Sol:

9 Evaluate Similartopreviousproblemgivenforpractice
10 Evaluate Similartopreviousproblemgivenforpractice
11 Evaluate Similartopreviousproblemgivenforpractice
12 Evaluate Similartopreviousproblemgivenforpractice
13 Evaluate Similartopreviousproblemgivenforpractice
14 Evaluate Similartopreviousproblemgivenforpractice

15 Evaluate Write = and
integrate
Ans: | | | |
16 Evaluate Write then
integrate

41

 17 Evaluate (byparts)

Ans:
18 Evaluate Take andusebypartsformula
Ans:
19 Evaluate = ,

Ans:
20 Evaluate (put =
2x=t)

Ans: +C
21 Evaluate For 4,| | ;andFor 2,
| | ;For 4,| |
| | | | | | ;For 4,| |

22 Evaluate UseruleH4,addbothintegrals,
.

Putcosx=t,
=
23 Evaluate UseruleH4,addbothintegrals,

UseruleH7, ,UseruleH4
againaddintegralsAns .
24 Evaluate

Ans:
=
25 Evaluate
whereSinxCosx=t,after
substitution,itbecomes
= =
. .
26
Evaluate

42

 whereSinxCosx=t,aftersubstitution,it
becomes



Ans:2

27 Evaluate Putx=Tant,withthat

UseruleH4,

28
Evaluate UseruleH5,

Add
29 Evaluate Referproblem27
30 Evaluate UseRuleH4,simplifytoget
let

31 Evaluate GivenforpracticeuseH4


32 Evaluate UseruleH4,simplifytoget

ApplyH7,

Ans:

43

 34. Evaluate bythemethodoflimitofsums.

Here ,and

=
=

. .
.

35. Evaluate bythemethodoflimitofsums
Here ,and

=
=
.
.

36. Evaluate bythemethodoflimitofsums

Here ,and

=
=

37. Usingintegration,findtheareaoftheregion
boundedbythecurves | | , ,
,
Drawthelinesy=x+2,y=x,x=3,x=3,y=0
AreaofShadedregion:
= .

38. Usingtheintegration,findtheareaoftheregion
boundedbythecurve andtheline

Thecurves and intersectat(
1, ),(2,1)
AreaofShadedregion:
=

44

39. Sketchthegraphof | |andevaluatethe
areaunderthecurve | |abovexaxisand
between to .
AreaofShadedregion:
= .

=9
40. Usingtheintegration,findtheareaoftheregionboundedbythecurve and

Pointsofintersection(0,0),(1,1)
AreaofShadedregion:=

41. Findtheareaofthecircle whichis

interiortotheparabola .
Circleandparabolaintersectat , , ,
AreaofShadedregion:

=

42. UsingintegrationfindtheareaofthetriangleABC,
coordinatesofwhoseverticesareA(4,1),B(6,6)and
C(8,4).
EqtoAB: ,EqtoBC: ,EqtoAC
:
Requiredarea=
=

=
=7
43. Usingtheintegrationfindtheareaofthetriangularregionwhosesideshave
equations , and
GivenforpracticedoSameasabove
44. Usingtheintegrationfindtheareaofthetriangularregionwhosesideshave
equations , and
GivenforpracticedoSameasabove

45

 45. Usingtheintegration,findtheareaoftheregionenclosedbetweenthetwocircles
and
Givenforpractice
46. Findtheparticularsolutionofthedifferentialequation
=0forx=1,y=1.
Givenforpractice


ALLTHEBEST

46

 DIFFERENTIALEQUATIONS

POINTSTOREMEMBER:
1. Anequationinvolvingderivative(derivatives)ofthedependentvariablewithrespectto
independentvariable(variables)iscalledadifferentialequation
2. Orderofadifferentialequationisdefinedastheorderofthehighestorderderivativeofthe
dependentvariablewithrespecttotheindependentvariableinvolvedinthegiven
differentialequation
3. Thehighestpower(positiveintegralindex)ofthehighestorderderivativeinvolvedinthe
givendifferentialequationisdefinedasthedegreeofthedifferentialequation.
4. Thecurvey=(x)iscalledthesolutioncurve(integralcurve)ofthegivendifferential
equationifthederivativesofy,satisfythedifferentialequation.
5. Thesolutionwhichcontainsarbitraryconstantsandsatisfythegivendifferentialequationis
calledthegeneralsolution(primitive)ofthedifferentialequation
6. Thesolutionofadifferentialequationindependentfromarbitraryconstantsiscalleda
particularsolutionofthedifferentialequation
7. Toobtaindifferentialequationwhenthegeneralsolution(Familyofcurves)isgiven
(i). Identifythenumberofarbitraryconstantsinvolvedingeneralsolution,sayn
(ii). Derivatethegeneralsolutionforntimeslet , , , .
(iii). Eliminatethearbitraryconstantsbyusing , , , .
(iv). Theequationthenobtainedinvolvedifferentialsinplaceofarbitraryconstants,
anditisrequireddifferentialequation.
8. Toobtaingeneral/particularsolutionwhenthedifferentialequationisgiven
(i). (VARIABLESEPARABLE)Ifthegivendifferentialequationcanbeexpressedas
OR thenitcanbesolvedbyseparatingthevariablesand
integratingbothsides.
OR

,
(ii). (HOMOGENEOUS)Ifthegivenequationisexpressedas suchthatboth
,
thefunctions and arehomogeneousthen;substitute and
.Thenthedifferentialequationcanbesolvedbyusingmethoddiscussedin
type(i).
(iii). (LINEARDE)Ifthegivendifferentialequationisintheform where
arefunctionsof ,OR where arefunctionsof ;
thenitiscalledlineardifferentialequation(LDE).Itcanbesolvedbymultiplying
bothsidesoftheLDEbyintegratingfactorI.F. ,andintegratingbothsides.
andwrite

47

 QuestionsforPractice

48

 45. Solvethedifferentialequation: 1 0
46. Solvethedifferentialequation 1 1 0,giventhat 0, 1
47. Findtheparticularsolutionofthedifferentialequation 1 ,giventhat
0when 1
48. If isasolutionofthedifferentialequation and 0 1,then
findthevalueof
49. Findtheparticularsolutionofthedifferentialequation 1 1 0,
giventhat 1when 0
50. Findthegeneralsolutionofthedifferentialequation 2
51. Solvethedifferentialequation ,giventhat 1.
52. Solvethedifferentialequation 1
53. Solvethedifferentialequation 1 2 ;| | 1
54. Solvethedifferentialequation
55. Solvethedifferentialequation 3
56. Findtheparticularsolutionofthedifferentialequation 3 =0for
x=1,y=1.
57. Obtainthedifferentialequationofallcirclesofradiusr
58. Showthatthedifferentialequation2 2 0isahomogeneous.Find
theparticularsolutionofthisdifferentialequation,giventhatx=0wheny=1.

HINTS/SOLUTIONS

1.givendifferentialequation: 1 0

1 1 implies 0integratingbothsides

0implies 1 0

1 1
1 1 log
2. Givendifferentialequation 1 1 0,giventhat 0, 1
0impliesGeneralSolutionistan tan
0, 1impliesC= ParticularSolution:tan tan
3. Givendifferentialequation 1 1 implies 1
GeneralSolution:log 1 giventhat 0when 1implies
ParticularSolution:log 1
4. Givendifferentialequation implies
log 1 log 2 log GeneralSolution: 2 1
and 0 1impliesC=4,Particularsolution: 2 1 4
thevalueof is
5. givendifferentialequation 1 1 0,
0integratingwegetGeneralSolution log

49

 giventhat 1when 0thatimplies log log 2P.S. 2 1

6. Givendifferentialequation 2 OR put
implies integratebothsides
2
: log| | 23 tan
3
7. Givendifferentialequation
integratingfactoris ,Multiplybothsidesbyx
integratingbothsidesG.S.
giventhat 1C=0,PS.=
8. Givendifferentialequation 1

integratingfactoris ,Multiplybothsidesby

integratingbothsidesGS .
9. Givendifferentialequation 1 2

integratingfactoris ,Multiplybothsidesby 1

integratingbothsidesG.S. 1 log
10. Givendifferentialequation (Homogeneous)
Puty=VxAnsG.S.=
11. Givendifferentialequation 3 canbewrittenas 3 (LinearDE)
Ans:GeneralSolution 3

12. Findtheparticularsolutionofthedifferentialequation 3 =0for
x=1,y=1.
Givenforpractice
13. Obtainthedifferentialequationofallcirclesofradiusr
Equationtoacirclewithradiusrisgivenby
..(1)wherea,barearbitraryconstants
Derivating(1)bothsideswithrespectxweget2 2 . 0.(2)

Derivating(2)bothsideswithrespectxweget2 2 . 2 0.(3)

So, ; . substitutingtheseineq1,weget

. OR 1

14. Showthatthedifferentialequation2 2 0isahomogeneous.Find

theparticularsolutionofthisdifferentialequation,giventhatx=0wheny=1.
(Putx=Vy)

50

51

===================================================================

52

======================================================================

Hint: 3 2 and 3 3

: . 3 6 9and 92

d=

Hint:ConvertintoVectorformandproceed.

Thevectorformofthelinesare = 7 6 )

= 3 5 7 2 )

53

============================================================================

=============================================================================

===============================================================================

1.Findthedistancebetweentwoparallellines

Hint: 2 ,( 9 14 4

=293, 7

54

 STRATEGICACTIONPLANFORSLOWLEARNERS
LINEARPROGRAMMING
SOMEIMPORTANTRESULTS/CONCEPTS

**SolvinglinearprogrammingproblemusingCornerPointMethod.The
methodcomprisesofthefollowingsteps:

1.Findthefeasibleregionofthelinearprogrammingproblemand
determineitscornerpoints

2.EvaluatetheobjectivefunctionZ=ax+byateachcornerpoint.LetMand
m,respectivelydenotethelargestandsmallestvaluesofthesepoints.

3.(i)Whenthefeasibleregionisbounded,Mandmarethemaximumand
minimumvaluesofZ.

(ii)Incase,thefeasibleregionisunbounded,wehave:

4.(a)MisthemaximumvalueofZ,iftheopenhalfplanedeterminedby

ax+by>Mhasnopointincommonwiththefeasibleregion.Otherwise,Z
hasnomaximumvalue.

(b)Similarly,mistheminimumvalueofZ,iftheopenhalfplanedetermined
byax+by<mhasnopointincommonwiththefeasibleregion.Otherwise,Z
hasnominimumvalue.

55

SOLVEDPROBLEMS:
1) AShopkeepersellsonlytablesandchairs.HehasonlyRs6,000toinvestandhas
aspaceforatmost20items.ATablecostshimRs400andachairscostshimRs
250.HecansellatableataprofitofRs40andachairofRs30.Supposinghecan
sellwhateverhebuys,formulatetheproblemasaLPPandsolveitgraphicallyfor
maximumprofit.

Sol:LetxtablesandychairsareboughtY

ThenLPPis25

TomaximizeZ=40x+30y20

20 40
Subjecttoconstraints, C(0,20) B( , )
3 3

X+y20

400x+250y6000X
0A(15,0),
=>8x+5y120,

X0,y0

20 40
PossiblepointsformaximumZareA(15,0),B( , ),C(0,20)
3 3

POINT Z=40x+30y VALUE

A(15,0) 600 600
20 40 800 1200 666.66[MAXIMUMVALUE]
B( , ) +
3 3 3 3
C(0,20) 0+600 600

20 40
ZismaximumforB( , ),ie.,6tablesand13chairsmustbepurchasedandsoldfora
3 3
maximumprofitofRs666.6

56

 1) Onekindofcakerequires200gofflourand25goffatandanotherkindofcake
requires100gofflourand50goffat.Findthemaximumnumberofcakeswhich
canbemadefrom5kgofflourand1kgoffat.Assumingthereisnoshortageof
otheringredientsusedinmakingthecake.

Sol:Letxcakesoftype1andycakesoftype2aremade.Y

ThenLPPis50

TomaximizeZ=x+y

Subjecttoconstraints,C(0,20)

X0,y020B(20,10)

200x+100y5000=>2x+y500A(25,0)X
And25x+50y1000=>x+2y402540
POINT Z=x+y VALUE
A(25,0) 25+0 25
B(20,10) 20+10 30maximum
C(0,20) 0+20 20
ZismaximumatB(20,10)

Hence,20cakesoftype1and10cakesoftype2mustbemadeformaximumnumber
of30cakes.

2) AManufacturingcompanymakestwomodelsAandBofaproduct.Eachpieceof
modelArequires9labourhoursforfabricatingand1labourhourforfinishing.
EachpieceofmodelBrequires12labourhoursforfabricatingand3labourhour
forfinishing.ForFabricatingandfinishing,themaximumlabourhoursavailable
are 180 and 30 respectively. The company makes a profit of Rs 8000 on each
pieceofmodelAandRs12000oneachpieceofModelB.Howmanypiecesof
modelAandModelBshouldbemanufacturedperweektorealiseamaximum
profit?Whatisthemaximumprofitperweek?

Sol:SupposexisthenumberofpiecesofmodelAandyisthenumberofpiecesof
ModelB.Then
Totalprofit(inRs)=8000x+12000y
Y
MaximizeZ=8000x+12000y
Subjecttotheconstraints:
9x+12y180C(0,10)B(12,6)
=>3x+4y60
X+3y300A(20,0)X
X0,y0

57

 CORNERPOINT Z=8000x+12000y
0(0,0) 0
A(20,0) 160000
B(12,6) 168000
C(0,10) 120000

WefindthatmaximumvalueofZis162000atB(12,6).Hence,thecompanyshould
produce12piecesofModelAand6piecesofModelBtorealizemaximumprofitand
maximumprofitthenwillbeRs168000.
3) ADealerinruralareawishestopurchaseanumberofsewingmachines.Hehas
only Rs 5760 to invest and has space for atmost 20 items for storage.An
electronic sewing machine cost him rs 360 and a manually operated sewing
machiners240.HecansellanelectronicsewingmachineataprofitofRs22and
amanuallyoperatedsewingmachineataprofitofRs18.Assumingthathecan
sell all the items that he can buy, how should he invest his money in order to
maximizehisprofot?MakeitasLPPandsolveitgraphically.
Sol:Letdealerpurchasedxelectronicsewingmachinesandymanuallyoperated
sewingmachines.
Ourproblemistomaximize,
Z=22x+18y (i)
Subjecttoconstraintsx+y20 (ii)
360x+240y5760or3x+2y48 (iii)
Xo,y0 (IV)
OnsolvingEquationswegetx=8andy=12
So,thepointofintersectionofthelinesisB(8,12).
Graphicalrepresentationofthelinesisgivenbelow
Y

C(0,20)

3X+2Y=48

B(8,12)

X+Y=20

A(16,0)

X
0

58

:FeasibleregionisOABCA

ThecornerpointsofthefeasibleregionareO(0,0),A(16,0),B(8,12),C(0,20).

ThevalueofZatthesepointsisasfollows

CORNERPOINTS Z=22x+18y
0(0,0) Z=22(0)+18(0)=0
A(16,0) Z=22x16+0=352
B(8,12) Z=22x8+18x12=392
C(0,20) Z=22x0+18x20=360

ThemaximumvalueofZ=Rs392atpointB(8,12).

Hence,dealershouldpurchased8electronicand12manuallyoperatedsewingmachinestoget
maximumprofit.

59

 PRACTICEPROBLEMS
1)An aeroplane can carry a maximum of 200 passengers.A profit of Rs 1000 is made on each
executive class ticket and a profit of Rs 600 is made on each economy class ticket.The airlines
reservesatleast20seatsforexecutiveclass.However,atleast4timesasmanypassengersprefer
totravelbyeconomyclassthanbytheexecutiveclass.Determinehowmanyticketsofeachtype
mustbesoldinordertomaximizetheprofitfortheairline.Whatisthemaximumprofit?

2)Therearetwotypesoffertilizers,F1andF2.F1consistsof10%nitrogenand6%phosphoricacid
andF2consistsof5%nitrogenand10%phosphoricacid.Aftertestingthesoilconditionafarmer
findsthatsheneedsatleast14kgofnitrogenand14kgofphosphoricacidforhercrop.IfF1cost
Rs6/kgandF2costRs5/kg,determinehowmuchofeachtypeoffertilizershouldbeused,sothat
nutrientrequirementsaremetataminimumcost?

3)A manufacturer considers that men and women workers are equally efficient and so he pays
them at the same rate. He has 30 and 17 units of workers (male and female) and capital
respectively,whichheusestoproducestwotypesofgoodsAandB.ToproduceoneunitofA,two
workersandthreeunitsofcapitalarerequiredwhilethreeandoneunitofcapitalisrequiredto
produceoneunitofB.IfAandBarepricedatRs.100and120perunitrespectively,howshouldhe
useshisresourcestomaximizethetotalrevenue?FromtheaboveasanLPPandsolvegraphically.
Do you agree with this view of the manufacturer that men and women workers are equally
efficientandsoshouldbepaidatthesamerate.

4)A diet for a sick person must contain at least 4000 units of vitamins, 50 units of minerals and
1,400calories.TwofoodsXandYareavailableatacostofRs.4andRs.3perunitrespectively.
Oneunitof
thefoodXcontains200unitsofvitamins,1unitofmineraland40calories,whereasoneunitof
food
Ycontains100unitsofvitamins,2unitsofmineralsand40calories.FindwhatcombinationofX
and
Yshouldbeusedtohaveleastcost?Alsofindtheleastcost.

60

 PROBABILITY
BAYESTHEOREM
IfE1,E2,...,EnarennonemptyeventswhichconstituteapartitionofsamplespaceS,i.e.
E1,E2,...,EnarepairwisedisjointandE1E2...En=SandAisanyeventofnonzero
probability,then
P (Ei).P (A/Ei)
P(Ei|A)= n foranyi=1,2,3,...,n
P(Ej) P(A/Ej)
j=1

Problemswithsolutions
Q1.Bag1contains3redand4blackballsandBag2contains4redand5blackballs.OneBallis
transferredfromBag1toBag2andthentwoballsaredrawnatrandom(withoutreplacement)
from Bag 2. The balls so drawn are found to be both red in color. Find the probability that the
transferredballisred.
ANS:TotalNo.ofballsin1stbag=3+4=7

AndtotalNo.ofballsin2ndbag=4+5=9

Let,E1:transferredballisred
E2:transferredballisblack.
A:Gettingbothredfrom2ndbag(aftertransfer)
3 4
P(E1)= andP(E2)=
7 7

P(A/E1)=P(gettingbothredballsfrom2ndbag,whentransferballisred)

10 2
=5C2/10C2= =
45 9

P(A/E2)=P(gettingbothredballsfrom2ndbag,whentransferballisblack)

6 2
=4C2/10C2= =
45 15

Therefore,byBayestheorem

P (E1).P (A/E1)
P(E1/A)=
P (E1).P (A/E1) + P (E2) .P (A/E2)

3 2
.
7 9 5
= =
3 2 4 2 9
. + .
7 9 7 15

61

Q2.Giventhreeidenticalboxes1,2and3,eachcontainingtwocoins.Inbox1,bothcoinsaregold
coins,inbox2,botharesilvercoinsandinbox3,thereisonegoldandonesilvercoin.Aperson
choosesaboxatrandomandtakesoutacoin.Ifthecoinisofgold,whatisprobabilitytha5tthe
othercoinintheboxisalsoofgold?

Solution:letE1,E2,andE3,betheeventsthatboxes1,2and3arechosenrespectively.

1
Then,P(E1)=P(E2)=P(E3)=
3

Also,letAbetheeventthatthecoindrawnisofgold

2
Thus,P(A/E1)=P(agoldcoinfrombag1)= = 1
2

P(A/E2)=P(agoldcoinfrombag2)=0

1
P(A/E3)=P(agoldcoinfrombag3)=
2

Nowtheprobabilitythattheothercoinintheboxisofgold

=Theprobabilitythatthegoldcoinisdrawnfromthe
box1

=P(E1/A)

ByBayestheorem,weknowthat

P (E1)P (A/E1)
P(E1/A)=
P (E1)P (A/E1) + P (E2) P (A/E2) + P (E3) P (A/E3)

1
X1
3 2
= =
1 1 1 1 3
X1 + X 0 + X
3 3 3 2

Q3.Amanisknowntospeaktruth3outof4times.Hethrowsadieandreportthatitisasix.Find
theprobabilitythatitisactuallyasix.

1
Solution:P(E1)=Probabilitythatsixoccurs=
6

5
P(E2)=Probabilitythatsixdoesnotoccurs=
6

P(A/E1)=Probabilitythatthemanreportsthatsixoccurswhensixhasactuallyoccurredonthe
die.

62

 3
Probabilitythatthemanspeaksthetruth=
4

P(A/E2)=Probabilitythatthemanreportsthatsixoccurswhensixhasnotactuallyoccurredon
thedie.

3 1
Probabilitythatthemanspeaksthetruth= 1 =
4 4

ThusbyBayestheorem,weget

P(E1/A)=Probabilitythatthereportofthemanthatsixhasoccurredactuallyasix.

1 3
X
P (E1).P (A/E1) 6 4 1 24 3
P(E1/A)= = = X =
P (E1).P (A/E1) + P (E2) .P (A/E2) 1 3 5 1 8 8 8
X + X
6 4 6 4

Q4.Therearethreecoins.Oneistwoheadedcoin(havingheadonbothfaces),anotherisabiased
cointhatcomesupheads75%ofthetimeandthirdisanunbiasedcoin.Oneofthethreecoinsis
chosenatrandomandtossed,itshowsheads,whatistheprobabilitythatitwasthetwoheaded
coin?

SOLUTION:

LetE1,E2andE3betheeventsthatcoinsI,IIandIIIarechosenrespectively.

LetAbetheeventofgettingahead.

1
P(E1)=P(E2)=P(E3)=
3

3 1
P(A/E1)=1,P(A/E2)=75%= ,P(A/E3)=
4 2

P (E1).P (A/E1) 4
Requiredprobability=p(E1/A)= =
P (E1).P (A/E1) + P (E2) .P (A/E2) + P(E3).P(A/E3) 9

Q5.Aninsurancecompanyinsured2000scooterdrivers,4000cardriversand6000truckdrivers.
Theprobabilityofanaccidentsare0.01,0.03and0.15respectively.Oneoftheinsuredpersons
meetswithanaccident.Whatistheprobabilitythatheisascooterdriver?

SOLUTION:

Insuredscooterdrivers=2000
Cardrivers=4000
Truckdrivers=6000
Totaldrivers=12000

63

LetE1,E2andE3betheeventsthatscooterdriver,cardriverandtruckdriverareselecting
respectively
LetAbetheeventofmeetingwithanaccident
2000 1 4000 1 6000 1
P(E1)= = ,P(E2)= = ,P(E3)= =
12000 6 12000 3 12000 2

P(A/E1)=0.01andP(A/E2)=0.03andP(A/E3)=0.15

P (E1).P (A/E1) 1
ByBayestheoremP(E1/A)= =
P (E1).P (A/E1) + P (E2) .P (A/E2) + P(E3).P(A/E3) 52

PROBABILITYDISTRIBUTIONMEAN&VARIANCEOFRANDOMVARIABLE
TheprobabilitydistributionofarandomvariableXisthesystemofnumbers

X:x1x2....xn
P(X):p1p2....pn
n
Where,pi>0, Pi =1
i =1

ProblemwithSolutions
1. Fromalotof30bulbswhichinclude6defectives,asampleof4bulbsisdrawnatrandomwith
replacement.Findtheprobabilitydistributionofthenumberofdefectivebulbs.
Sol:LetXdenotesthenumberofdefectivebulbs
X=0,1,2,3or4
6 1
Probabilityofgettingadefectivebulb= =
30 5
1 4
Probabilityofgettinganondefectivebulb= 1 =
5 5
4 256
P(X=0)=P(nodefectivebulb)=p(all4goodones)=( )4=
5 625
1 4 256
P(x=1)= 4c1( )( )3=
5 5 625
1 4 96
P(x=2)= 4c2( )2( )2=
5 5 625
1 4 16
P(x=3)= 4c3( )3( )=
5 5 625
1 1
P(x=4)=( )4=
5 625
ProbabilitydistributionofXis

X 0 1 2 3 4
P(X) 256 256 96 16 1

625 625 625 625 625

64

 PRACTICEQUESTIONS
1. Supposeagirlthrowsadieifshegetsa5or6,shetossesacointhreetimesandnotesthe
numberofheads.Ifshegets1,2,3or4,shetossesacoinonceandnoteswhetheraheador
tail is obtained. If she obtained exactly one head, what is the probability that she
threw1,2,3or4withthedie?
2. In answering a question on amultiple choice test, a student either knows the answer or
guesses.Letbetheprobabilitythatheknowstheanswerandbetheprobabilitythathe
guesses.Assumingthatastudentwhoguessestheanswerwillbecorrectwithprobability
. What is the probability that a student knows the answer given that he answered it
correctly?
3. Two numbers are selected at random (without replacement) from the first six positive
integers.LetXdenotethelargerofthetwonumbersobtained.FindtheexpectationofX.
4. Two cards are drawn simultaneously(or successively without replacement) from a well
shuffledpackof52cards.Findthemean,varianceandstandarddeviationofthenumberof
kings.

TOPIC:RELATIONS,FUNCTIONS&INVERSETRIGONOMETRICFUNCTIONS
1. Showthatf:RRdefinedbyf(x)=[x]isneitheroneonenoronto.
2. Findfgforf(x)=ex;g(x)=logx
3. Check for commutative property for the operation : * : R x R R
definedbya*b=a+3b
a+b
4. Find,ifthebinaryoperation,*,givenbya*b= ,inthesetofreal
2
numbersisassociative.
5. LetS={1,2,3}.Findwhetherthefunctionf:SSdefinedasf={(1,3),
(3,2),(2,1)}hasinverse.Ifyes,findf1.
1
6. For= sin 1
,findthevalueof
2
7. FindthePrincipalvalueoftan1( 3 )
8. Evaluate:sin(cot1x)
3
1
9. Evaluate:cos(tan 4 )X
10.Expressinsimplestform:sin1[3x4x3]
[
11.Prove: cos 1 x cos 1 y = cos 1 xy + 1 x 2 1 y 2 ]
1 x2 2x
12.Prove: tan 1 + tan 1 2
=
2x 1 x 2
13.Showthatthefunctionf:RRgivenbyf(x)=3x4isabijection.
1
14.Findfgandgfiff(x)=x2+2andg(x)=1
1 x
x+3
15.Letf:RRdefinedbyf(x)=2x3andg:RRdefinedbyg(x)=
2
Showthatfg=IR=gf.

65

 16.Let*beabinaryoperationonN,givenbya*b=lcm(a,b)fora,bN.
Finda)2*4b)3*5c)Is*associative.
x + 1 x 1
17.Solve: tan 1 + tan 1 = tan 1 (7)
x 1 x
1 + cos x + 1 cos x x
18.Provethat: tan 1 = + ,0 < x <
1 + cos x 1 cos x 4 2 2
19.LetR0denotethesetofallnonzerorealnumbersandletA=R0xR0.If*
isabinaryoperationonAdefinedby:(a,b)*(c,d)=(ac,bd)forall(a,b),
(c,d)A.a)Showthat*isbothcommutativeandassociativeonA.b)
FindtheidentityelementinAc)FindtheinvertibleelementinA.
20.Showthatthefunctionf:R Rgivenbyf(x)=x3+xisabijection.Find
theinverse.

66

 MATRICES & DETERMINANTS

i 0 0 i
1. IfA= andB= ,showthatABBA
0 1 i 0
5 4 1 2
2. FindamatrixX,forwhich X= 1
1 1 3
2 3 T
3. IfA= ,provethatAA isaskewsymmetricmatrix.
4 5
3 2
4. IfA= findkforA2=kA2I
4 2
5. IfAandBaresymmetricmatrices,showthatABissymmetric,ifAB=BA.
6. Findtheequationofthelinejoining(1,2)and(3,6)usingdeterminants.
k 2
7. Forwhatvalueofkthematrix hasnoinverse.
3 4
a b
8. For ,finddeterminant{A(adjA)}
c d
2 4 2x 4
9. Evaluatexif =
5 1 6 x
10.VerticesofatriangleABCareA(1,3),B(0,0)andC(k,0).Findthevalueof
ksuchthattheareaofthetriangleABCis2squareunits.
6 1 5
11.ExpressthematrixA= 2 5 4 asasumofsymmetricandskew

3 3 1
symmetricmatrices.
cos i sin
12.IfA= ,thenprovebyprincipleofMathematicalinduction
i sin cos
cos n i sin n
thatAn=
i sin n cos n
2 3 3 2
13.IfA= ,evaluateA 4A +A
1 2
cos x sin x 0
14.Iff(x)= sin x cos x 0 ,showthatf(x)f(y)=f(x+y)
0 0 1
0 1 2
15.Byusingelementarytransformations,findtheinverseofA= 1 2 3
3 1 1

67

 3 1 2
Show that the matrix A = satisfies the equation A 5A + 7I = 0.
1 2
HencefindA1.

b+c a b
16.Usingpropertiesofdeterminants,showthat c + a c a =(a+b+c)(a
a+b b c
c)2
x +1 x + 2 x + a
17.Showthat x + 2 x + 3 x + b =0,wherea,b,careinA.P.
x+3 x+4 x+c
1 1 1
18.Provethat = ( )( )( )

x+ y x x
19.Withoutexpandingprovethat 5 x + 4 y 4 x 2 x = x 3
10 x + 8 y 8 x 3x
3 2 6 7 1 1 1
20.IfA= andB= verifythat(AB) =B A
7 5 8 9
x x2 1 + x3
21.Ifxyzand y y 2 1 + y 3 = 0, showthatxyz=1
z z2 1+ z3
1 2 2
22.IfA= 2 1 2 ,provethatA24A5I=0.HencefindA1
2 2 1
23.Usingmatrixmethod,solvethesystem:x+y+z=3;2xy+z=2,x2y
+3z=2
24.Usingmatrixmethod,solvethesystem:x+yz=1;3x+y2z=3;x
yz=1
2 3 3 1 1 1
25.Solvethesystemusingmatrices: + = 10 ; + + = 10 ;
x y z x y z
3 1 2
+ = 13
x y z
5 0 4 1 3 3
26.GivenA= 2 3 2 andB = 1 4 3 ,compute(AB)1
1

1 2 1 1 3 4

68

 2 0 1
27.IfA= 5 1 0 ,provethatA1=A26A+11I
0 1 3
x 6 1
28.Showthatx=2isarootoftheequation 2 3x x 3 =0andsolveit
3 2x x+2
completely.

69

 INVERSETRIGONOMETRICFUNCTIONS
1. Evaluate: 3 2
2. Provethat:3sin1x=sin1(3x4x3)

3. Evaluate:

4. FindthePrincipalvalueof

5. Evaluate:sin(cot1x)

6. Expressinsimplestform:

1 x2 2x
7. Prove: tan 1 + tan 1 2
=
2x 1 x 2

8. Evaluate: 3 3
9. Solveforx:2 2

10.Evaluate:

x + 1 x 1
11.Solve: tan 1 + tan 1 = tan 1 (7)
x 1 x

1 + cos x + 1 cos x x
12.Provethat: tan 1 = + ,0 < x <
1 + cos x 1 cos x 4 2 2

13.Solveforx:

14.Provethat:

15.Solveforx:tan1(x+1)+tan1(x1)=

16.Provethat:

17.Solveforx:

18.Provethat: tan

19.Writeinsimplestform:

20.Provethat:
70

71

TOPIC:DIFFERENTIATION

Questions01to10carry01markeach
Questions11to22carry04markseach
Questions23to29carry06markseach
dy
1. Find fory=log[x+ 1 + x 2 ]
dx
dy 2x
2. Find fory=tan 1 x 2
1
dx
dy
3. Find fory=xsecx
dx
4. Findyfory=cos 1 x 2
5. Findyfory=xsinx
1 cos x dy
6. Fory=log ,showthat =cosecx
1 + cos x dx
7. Findtheintervalatwhichf(x)=x3+3x24isincreasing.

8. Showthatf(x)=tanx4xisdecreasingin <x<0
3
2
9. ThecostfunctionofafirmisgivenbyC=4x x+70.Findthemarginal
costwhenx=3.
10. Theradiusofasphericalbubbleisincreasingattherateof0.5cm/sec.
Atwhatrateisthevolumeofthebubbleincreasingwhenitsradiusis1
cm?
dy
11. Find ifx6+y6+6x2y2=16.
dx
dy 1
12. Ify= x + x + x + ......... ,provethat =
dx 2y 1
d2y dy
13. Ify=e tan x,thenprovethat:(1+x ) 2 2(1x+x2) +(1x2)y=
x 1 2
dx dx
0
14. Ify=(logx)2,thenprovethatx2y+xy=2
d2y
15. Ifx=2costcos2t,y=2sintsin2t,find 2
att=
dx 2
1 + x 2 1
1 withrespecttotan1x
16. Differentiate:tan x

17. Findtheequationsoftangentstothecurvey=x3+2x+6whichare
perpendiculartothelinex+14y+4=0.
18. Usingdifferentialsfindtheapproximatevalueof 4 82

72

 19. Findthelargestpossibleareaofarightangledtrianglewhose
hypotenuseis5cmlong.
20. Findthelocalmaximumandlocalminimumvalues,ifanyforf(x)=sinx+

cosxfor0<x<
2
21. Findtwopositivenumberswhosesumis16andsumofwhosecubesis
maximum.
22. Findtheequationofthetangenttothecurvex+3y3=0whichis
paralleltotheline4xy5=0
23. Findallthepointsoflocalmaximaandminimaandthecorresponding
maximumandminimumvaluesofthefunction:f(x)=
3 4 45 2
x 8x 3 x + 105
4 2
24. Findallthepointsoflocalmaximaandminimaandthecorresponding
1
maximumandminimumvaluesofthefunction:f(x)=sinx+ cos2x
2

where 0 < x <
2
25. Showthattherectangleofmaximumperimeterwhichcanbeinscribed
inacircleofradiusaisasquareofside 2a
26. Afigureconsistsofasemicirclewitharectangleonitsdiameter.Given
theperimeterofthefigure,finditsdimensionsinorderthatthearea
maybemaximum.
27. Findthevolumeofthelargestcylinderthatcanbeinscribedinasphere
ofradiusrcm.
28. Showthatthesemiverticalangleofarightcircularconeofgivensurface
areaandmaximumvolumeis sin 1
1
3
29. Showthatthevolumeofthegreatestcylinderwhichcanbeinscribedin
4
aconeofheighthandsemiverticalangleis h 3 tan 2
27

73

 WEIGHTAGETODIFFERENTTOPICS
S.No. NameoftheTopic Marksallotted

01 RELATIONSANDFUNCTIONS 10

02 ALGEBRA 13

03 CALCULUS 44

04 VECTORS&3DGEOMETRY 17

05 LINEARPROGRAMMING 06

06 PROBABILITY 10

TOTAL 100

74

 INTEGRATIONANDAPPLICATION
x 2 dx
1. Evaluate:
1 + x3
( )
2. If e ax + bx dx =
e 4 x 3x 2
4
+
2
,findthevaluesofaandb
3. Evaluate: sin 4 x cos 7 xdx
sin x
4. Evaluate: dx
x
5dx
5. Evaluate:
x+3 x2
x x2 + x 1
3
6. Evaluate: dx
x 1
1
2x
7. Evaluate: dx
0 1+ x
2

2
sin x
8. Evaluate: dx
0 1 + cos 2
x

2
cot x
9. Evaluateusingpropertiesofdefiniteintegrals:
0 cot x + tan x

2
10. Evaluateusingpropertiesofdefiniteintegrals: x 3 cos 2 xdx

2

11. Evaluate: x log(1 + x)dx

dx
12. Evaluate:
3 x + x2
x2 +1
13. Evaluate: 4 2 dx
x + x +1
14. Evaluate: e x [tan x + log sec x]dx
15. Evaluate: tan x dx
16. Evaluate: cos 4 xdx
dx
17. Evaluate:
( x 1) 2 ( x 2)

18. Evaluate: cos x dx
0
a a 2
19. Provethat: f ( x)dx = f (a x)dx .Useittoevaluate: x 2 x dx
0 0 0

75


2
x
20. Evaluate: dx
0
sin x + cos x
3
21. Evaluateaslimitofasum: (2 x 2 + x + 5)dx
0
4
22. Evaluateaslimitofasum: ( x 2 + x)dx
1
1
log(1 + x)
23. Evaluate: dx
0 1+ x2

2
x
24. Evaluate: dx
0
1 + sin x + cos x
25. Findtheareaoftheregion:{(x,y):y24x,4x2+4y29}
x2 y2
26. Findtheareaofthesmallerregionboundedbytheellipse + = 1
a2 b2
x y
andtheline + = 1
a b
27. Usingintegrationfindtheareaoftheregiongivenby:
{(x,y):0yx2,0yx+1,0x2}
28. Usingintegration,findtheareaofthetriangularregionwhosevertices
are(1,0),(2,2)and(3,1)
29. Usingintegration,findtheareaboundedbythelines:
x+2y=2,yx=1and2x+y=7.

76

 DIFFERENTIALEQUATIONS
dy
1. Solve: +2y=2x
dx
dy
2. Solve: +ycotx=secx.
dx
3. Solve:(1+y2)dx+xdy=0giventhaty(1)=1.
dy 2
4. Solve: =y tan2xgiventhaty(0)=2.
dx

dy 1 y2
5. Solve: + =0
dx 1 x2
dy
6. Solve:(x1) =2xy,giventhaty(2)=1.
dx
dy
7. Solve: y=xex
dx
8. Solve:(xxy)dy=ydx.
x x
9. Showthaty=e +ax+bisasolutionofthedifferentialequation:e y2=1
10. Showthaty=AcosxBsinxisasolutionofthedifferentialequationy2+y=0

11. Formthedifferentialequationrepresentingthefamilyofcurvesy=e2x(A+Bx),whereAandBare
constants.
12. Formthedifferentialequationcorrespondingtoy2=a(bx2)byeliminatingaandb.
13. Showthaty=xsin3xisthesolutionofthedifferentialequation:y2+9y6cos3x=0
14. Solve:x2ydx(x3+y3)dy=0.
15. Solve:y2dx+(x2xy)dy=0.

16. Solve:xy1=y x 2 + y 2
dy
17. Solve: =(y/x)+tan(y/x)
dx

18. x 1 y 2 dx+y 1 x 2 dy=0.

19. Determine the order and degree of the equation.
2 2
ds d 2s
+ 3 s 2 = 0 , Order -2, Degree 2
dt dt
20. Solve (y + xy)dx + (x xy2)dy = 0

77

 VECTORALGEBRA

1. If isaunitvectorand =15,find| |
2. Given =3 5 andcoordinateoftheterminalpointare(0,1,3).Findthe
coordinateoftheinitialpoint.
3. If , areanytwovectors,givethegeometricalinterpretationoftherelation
=
4. Ifthesumofthetwounitvectorisaunitvector,provethatthemagnitudeoftheir
differenceis3.
5. If| |=2, =5and =8,findthevalueof .
6. If , areanytwounitvectorsandistheanglebetweenthem,thenshowthat
Sin =
7. If + = + ,showthatthepointsP,Q,Rarecollinear.
8. If = +2 and =3 + 5 findaunitvectorinthedirectionof
9. IfthepositionvectorsofthepointsAandBare2 +3 and3 +2 + thenfind
thevectorofmagnitude6unitsinthedirectionof
10. IfP(1,5,4)andQ(4,1,2),findthedirectionratiosanddirectioncosinesof
11. Iftheanglebetweentwovectors and ofequalmagnitudeis30andtheirscalar
productis23,findtheirmagnitudes.
12. Findthevalueofsothatthevectors3 5 and2 +3 areparallel
13. Findthevalueofsothatthevectors3 5 and2 +3 areperpendicular
14. If =4 +2 and =5 +2 3 findtheanglebetween and
15. Findthevalueofwhenthescalarprojectionof = + +4 on =2 +6 +3 is4
units.
16. Showthatthevectors =3 2 + , = 3 +5 and =2 + 4 forma
rightangledtriangle.
17. If , areanytwounitvectorsandistheanglebetweenthem,thenshowthat
cos =
18. If , and arethreevectorssuchthat + + =0and| |=3, =5,| |=7,find
theanglebetween and .
19. FindthepositionvectorofapointRwhichdividedthelinesegmentjoiningthe
pointsPandQwithpositionvectors 2 and respectivelyinthe
ration2:1i)internallyii)externally.
20. ShowthatthepointsA(2,6,3),B(1,2,7)andC(3,10,1)arecollinear.
21. Ifthepoints(,1),(2,1)and(4,5)arecollinear,findbyvectormethod.
22. Thepositionvectors , , ofthreegivenpointssatisfytherelation4 9 5
=0.Provethatthethreepointsarecollinear.
23. Iftwovectors and aresuchthat| |=2, =3and =4,find
24. ThreeverticesofatriangleareA(0,1,2),B(3,1,4)andC(5,7,1).Showthatitisa
rightangledtriangle.Alsofindtheothertwoangles.
25. ForthepointsA(1,1,1),B(2,5,0),C(3,2,3)andD(1,6,1)findtheanglebetween
and .Interprettheanswer.

78

 26. If , and arethreevectorssuchthat + + =0,provethat = =

.
27. If , and arethreevectorssuchthat = , = and 0,then
provethat =
28. Findtheareaoftheparallelogramwithdiagonals3 + 2 and 3 +4 .
29. Define andprovethat =( tanwhereistheanglebetween and

30. Thescalarproductofthevector + + withtheunitvectoralongthesumof
vectors2 +4 5 and +2 +3 isequalto1.Findthevalueof.

79

 THREEDIMENSIONALGEOMETRY
1. Ifthedirectioncosinesofalineare , , ,thenwhatareitsdirectionratios?
2. Thedirectioncosinesoftwolinesare: , , and , , .Findtheanglebetween
them.
3. Findtheanglebetweenthelineswhosedirectionratiosare<a,b,c>and<bc,ca,a
b>
4. UsingdirectionnumbersshowthatthepointsA(2,4,7),B(3,6,8)andC(1,2,2)are
collinear.
5. Alinemakesanangleof witheachofXaxisandYaxis.WhatangledoesitmakewithZ
axis.
6. AlineintheXYplanemakesanangleof30withthexaxis.Findthedirectioncosinesof
theline.
7. Ifalinemakesangles,,withthecoordinateaxes,provethatsin2+sin2+sin2=2.
8. Findthevectorequationofthelinepassingthroughthepoint2 + andparallelto
thelinejoiningthepoints +4 +5 and +2 +2 .AlsofindtheCartesian
equationoftheline.
9. TheCartesianequationofalineare2x3=3y+1=56z.Findthedirectionratioof
thelineandwritedownthevectorequationofthelinethrough(7,5,0)whichis
paralleltothegivenline.
10. IftheequationofalineABis .Findthedirectioncosinesofaline

paralleltoAB.
11. Showthelinesx=y=2zandx+2=2y1=z+1areperpendiculartoeachother.
12. Findtheequationoftheplanepassingthroughthepoint(2,4,6)andmakingequal
interceptsonaxes.
13. Findtheequationoftheplanepassingthroughthepoint(1,0,7)andparalleltothe
plane3x5y+4z=11.
14. Findthedistancebetweentheplanes ( +2 +3 )+7=0and ( 2 +4 +6 )+7=
0.
15. Findthedistanceofthepoint(2,5,3)fromtheXYplane.
16. FindtheCartesianandvectorequationsoftheplanesthroughtheintersectionofthe
planes2x+6y+12=0and3xy+4z=0whichareataunitdistancefrom
theorigin.
17. Findtheequationoftheplanepassingthroughthelineofintersectionoftheplanex
2y+z=1and2x+y+z=8andparalleltothelinewithdirectionratios<1,2,1>.
AlsofindtheperpendiculardistanceofP(1,32)fromthisplane.
18. Astraightlinepassesthroughthepoint(2,1,1).Itisparalleltotheplane4x+y+z
+2=0andisperpendiculartotheline .Finditsequation.
19. Showthatthepoints(1,1,1),(2,3,1),(1,2,3)and(0,2,3)arecoplanar.Alsofindthe
equationoftheplanecontainingthem.
20. Provethattheequationoftheplanemakinginterceptsa,bandconthecoordinateaxesis
=1.
21. Findtheequationoftheplanewhichisparalleltoxaxisandhasintercepts5and7ony
axisandzaxisrespectively.
22. Findthedistanceofthe point(1,2,3)fromthe planexy+z=5measurealongaline
parallelto

80

 23. FindthedistanceofthepointA(2,3,4)fromtheline measured

paralleltotheplane4x+12y3z+1=0.
24. Find the equation of the line passing through the point (2, 1, 3) and perpendicular to the
lines and .
25. Findthefootoftheperpendiculardrawnfromthe pointP(1,6, 3)ontheline
.AlsofinditsdistancefromP.

81

 LINEARPROGRAMMING

1. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically: Max Z = 60x + 15y subject to the
constraintsx+y50,3x+y90,x,y0.
2. Amanufacturerproducestwotypesofsteeltrunks.HehastwomachinesAandB.Thefirsttypeof
trunkrequires3hoursonmachineAand3hoursonmachineB.Thesecondtypeoftrunkrequires3
hoursonmachineAand2hoursonmachineB.MachineAandBcanworkalmostfor18hoursand
15hoursperdayrespectively.HeearnsaprofitofRs.30andRs.25pertrunkofI&IItype.Howmany
trunksofeachtypemusthemakeeachdaytomakemaximumprofit?
3. AmanhasRs.1500forpurchaseofriceandwheat.AbagofriceandabagofwheatcostofRs.180
andRs.120respectively.Hehasastoragecapacityof10bagsonly.HeearnsaprofitofRs.11and
Rs.9perbagofriceandwheatrespectively.FormulateanL.P.P.tomaximizetheprofitandsolveit.
4. Adealerwishestopurchaseanumberoffansandsewingmachines.HehasonlyRs.57600toinvest
and has space for at most 20 items. A fan costs him Rs.3600 and a sewing machine Rs.2400. His
expectationisthathecansellafanataprofitofRs.220andasewingmachineataprofitofRs.180.
Assumingthathecansellalltheitemsthathecanbuy,howshouldheinvesthismoneyinorderto
maximizehisprofit?Translatethisproblemmathematicallyandthensolveit.
5. AfarmerhasasupplyofchemicalfertilizeroftypeAwhichcontains10%nitrogenand5%phosphoric
acid,andtypeBcontains6%nitrogenand10%phosphoricacid.Aftertestingthesoilconditionofthe
field,itwasfoundthatatleast14kgofnitrogenand14kgofphosphoricacidisrequiredforgood
crop.ThefertilizeroftypeAcostRs.5perkgandtypeBcostsRs.3perkg.Howmanykgsofeachtype
ofthefertilizershouldbeusedtomeettherequirementoftheminimumpossiblecost?UsingLPP
solvetheaboveproblemgraphically.
6. A factory owner purchases two types of machines, A and B. for his factory. The requirement and
limitationsforthemachinesareasfollows:
Machine Areaoccupiedbythe Labourforceforeach Dailyoutputin
machine machine units
A 1000sqm 12men 90
B 1200sqm 8men 40
Hehasanareaof9000sqmavailableand72skilledmenwhocanoperatethemachines.Howmany
machinesofeachtypeshouldhebuytomaximizethedailyoutput?
7. Anoilcompanyrequires13000,20000and15000barrelsofhighgrade,mediumgradeandlowgrade
oilrespectively.RefineryAproduces100,300and200barrelsperdayofhigh,mediumandlowgrade
oilrespectivelywhereasrefineryBproduces200,400and100barrelsperdayrespectively.IfAcots
Rs.400perdayandBcostsRs.300perdaytooperate,howmanydaysshouldeachshouldberunto
minimizethecostofrequirement.
8. Anaeroplanecancarryamaximumof200passengers.AprofitofRs.400ismadeonfirstclassticket
andaprofitofRs.300ismadeoneachsecondclassticket.Theairlinesreservesatleast20seatsfor
firstclass.Howeveratleastfourtimesasmanypassengersprefertotravelbysecondclassthenby
firstclass.Determinehowmanyticketsofeachtypemustbesoldtomaximizeprofitfortheairlines.
FormanLPPandsolveitgraphically.
9. A housewife wishes to mix together two kinds of food F1 and F2 in such a way that the mixture
containsatleast10unitsofVitaminA,12unitsofvitaminBand8unitsofvitaminC.Thevitamin
contentsofonekgoffoodF1andF2areasfollows:
VitaminA VitaminB VitaminC
FoodF1 1 2 3
FoodF2 2 2 1
OnekgofF1costRs.6andonekgoffoodF2costRs.10.FormulatetheaboveproblemasaLPPand
usecornerpointmethodtofindtheleastcostofthemixturewhichillproductthediet.
10. Adietforasickpersonmustcontainatleast4000unitsofvitamins,50unitsofmineralsand1400
unitsofcalories.ThefoodAandBareavailableatacostofRs.4andRs.3perunitrespectively.Ifone
unitofAcontains200unitsofvitamin,1unitofmineraland40unitsofcalories,andoneunitoffood
Bcontains100unitsofvitamin,2unitsofmineralsand40unitsofcalories,findwhatcombinationof
foodsshouldbeusedtohavetheleastcost?

82

 11. Adieticianwishestomixtwotypesoffoodsinsuchawaythatthevitamincontentofthemixture
containsatleast8unitsofvitaminAand10unitsofvitaminC.FoodIcontains2units/kgofvitaminA
and1unit/kgofvitaminCwhilefoodIIcontain1unit/kgofvitaminAand2units/kgofvitaminC.It
costsRs.5perkgtoproductfoodIandRs.7perkgtoproductfoodII.Findtheminimumcostofsuch
amixture.FormulatetheaboveLPPmathematicallyandsolveit.
12. AbrickmanufacturerhastwodepotsAandBwhichstockof30,000and20,000bricksrespectively.
HereceivesordersfromthreebuildersP,QandRfor15000,20000and15000bricksrespectively.The
costoftransporting1000bricksinthebuildersfromthedepotsinRupeesisgivenbelow:
To Transportationcostper1000bricks(inRs.)
From P Q R
A 40 20 20
B 20 60 40
How should the manufacturer fulfill the orders so as to keep the cost of transportation minimum?
FormulateLPP.
13. A company has two factories located at P and Q and has three depots situated at A,B and C. The
weeklyrequirementofthedepotsatA,BandCisrespectively5,5and4units,whiletheproduction
capacityofthefactoriesPandQarerespectively8and6units.Thecostoftransportationperunitis
givenbelow:
To Transportationcostper1000bricks(inRs.)
From A B C
A 160 100 150
B 100 120 100
How many units should be transported from each factory to each depot in order that the
transportationcostisminimum?
Q.No. LPP Answer Q.No. LPP Answer
01 (30,0) 08 MaxZ=400x+300y (40,160)
x+y200;x20,y4x
02 Maxz=30x+25y (3,3) 09 MinZ=6x+10y (2,4)
3x+3y18,3x+2y15 x+2y10;2x+2y12;
3x+y8
03 Maxz=11x+9y (5,5) 10 MinZ=4x+3y (5,30)
180x+120y1500 200x+100y4000;2x+y40
x+y10 40x+40y1400
04 MaxZ=220x+180y (8,12) 11 Minz=5x+7y (2,4)
3600x+2400y57600 2x+y8;x+2y10
x+y20
05 MinZ=5x+3y (80,100) 12 Minz=40x20y+1500
+ 14; + 14 X+y30;x15,y20.x+y15
06 Maxz=60x+40y 9 45 13 MinZ=10(x 7y+190) (0,5)
,
1000x+1200y9000 4 8 x+y4;x+y8,x5;y5
12x+8y72
170 110
07 Minz=400x+300y ,
3 3
100x+200y13000
300x+400y20000
200x+100y15000

83