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<Essay Title>
by
<Your Name>
<Date>
The following notes are offered to help you understand referencing using the Harvard
method. Substitute your essay for these notes after you have read and understood
them.
In this essay type there are no headings. This means that you have to make it clear
within the text what you are trying to achieve with each paragraph. That is, for
example, which are the introductory paragraphs, the argument paragraphs, the
evidence paragraphs and the conclusion.
For example, a comment about what an author has mentioned will be included like
this:
According to Carrington (1979), this was argued throughout the year of averages.
According to Carrington (1979, p. 17), this was argued throughout the year of
averages.
References to a source written by two authors will have the following form: (Gramsci
and Marrington 1999).
References to a source written by three authors will have the following form: (Poobar,
Lyttle, and Dunkim 1999).
References to a source written by more than three authors will have the following
form: (Drinkham et al. 1971).
At the back of the essay is a list of works. This begins with a Heading, which should
appear just as normal text, no underlining or enhancement of any kind. If you wish to
only include citations that appear in the body of the essay it is called References. If
additional references are to be included, it is called Bibliography. The following
note is offered by way explanation and should be deleted from your final draft. The
References/Bibliography that follows shows the following details:
The bibliography that follows is an example only and should be replaced by all the
references used in the writing of the essay, whether mentioned as references in the text
or
Bibliography
Gramsci, L. (ed.) 1994, The Last Smell, Blake & Wyndham, London.
Poobar, H., Lyttle, R. and Dunkim, H.R. 1999, A Little Nose: A Story of Faith
and Hope, Penguin Books, New York.
Ho, P. 1998, 'Old time smells', in Essays on Eastern Fantasy, ed. J. Marigold,
Harcourt, New York, pp. 23-33.
Craner, P.M. 1999, 'Impact of smells on art: new ways of smelling the old.'
Poetry Today, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 205-12.
James, W. 2001, 'Patrick Ho comes out of the cold.' Sydney Morning Herald,
12 July, p. 12.