TUTORIAL QUESTIONS GAS AND LIQUID FUEL COMBUSTION

1. A liquid fuel has the following composition by weight :

C 86%, H2 11.75%, O2 2.25%.

Calculate the theoretical air supply per kg fuel and weight of products
of combustion per kg of fuel.

2. A gas used as a fuel has the following volumetric composition :

H2 28%, CO 12%, CH4 2%, CO2 16% and N2 42%.

Find the volume of air required for the complete combustion of 1 m 3 of

this gas. Air contains 21% by volume of oxygen.

3. The volumetric analysis of a flue gas is

CO2 14%, CO 1%, O2 5% and N2 80%.

Calculate the flue gas composition by weight.

4. In order to analyze a fuel, it is burnt which produced dry flue gas of the
following composition by volume:

CO2 10%; CO 1.5%; O2 8.0% and N2 80.5%

Calculate the fuel composition by weight, assuming 100 mole of dry flue gas.

5. The analysis by mass of a charcoal is as follows:

C 87.0%, H 2.5%, O 3.5% and Ash 7%

Upon burning the charcoal, a dry flue gas of the composition 11.9% CO 2 and 1.5%
CO with unknown percentage of O2 and N2 is produced. If you burn 1 kg of charcoal,
calculate the complete composition by volume of the product gas.

6. The percentage composition of flue gas by weight is

CO2 13.30%, CO 0.95%, O2 8.35% and N2 77.40%.

Convert this into volumetric analysis.

7. A gas fuel has the following percentage composition by volume

 CO 10%, H2 50%, CH4 26%, O2 3%, CO2 2% and N2 9%.

Estimate the minimum volume of air required for complete combustion

of 1 m3 of the gas.

If 50% excess air is supplied, give the volume of each of the dry
constituents of the flue gas. Air contains 21% by volume of oxygen.

8. A fuel oil has the following analysis by weight

C 85%, H2 12.5%, O2 2% and the residue 0.5%.

Determine the flue gas analysis.

7. A fuel oil is burnt to produce a dry flue gas of the following

composition by volume

CO2 9%, CO 1%, O2 7.77% and N2 82.23%.

a. Find the fuel composition by weight

b. Determine the air fuel ratio.

10. A fuel is burnt which produced dry flue gas of the following composition by
volume:

CO2 11%; CO 1.4%; O2 7.1% and N2 80.5%

What is the fuel composition by weight, assuming 100 mole of dry flue gas.

11. In an ultimate analysis of a carbonaceous material, the following composition is

obtained:

C 85.5%; H 8.5% and noncombustible 6% by weight.

Calculate the total weight of the dry flue gas per kg of carbonaceous sample burnt.
The volumetric composition of the flue gas obtained is as follows:

CO2 8.5%; CO 1.5%; O2 7% and N2 83%.

8. Discuss briefly in relation to fuel gases, calorific value, relative density

and Wobbe number.
9. List the Standards used in sampling and testing of petroleum and its
products.

10. For liquid fuels, the following tests may be conducted :

a) Octane Number

b) Cetane Number

c) Redwood Viscosity

What are the significance of each test ?

COAL TECHNOLOGY AND COMBUSTION

1. Describe the formation and origin of coal. List the coal types which
make up the coal rank series and indicate how the composition and
properties vary as the series is ascended.

2. The ultimate analysis of dry coal burnt in a boiler gauge

C 84%, H2 9% and incombustibles 7% by weight.

Determine the weight of dry flue gas per kg of coal burnt if the
volumetric composition of the flue gas is

CO2 8.75%, CO 2.25%, O2 8% and N2 81%

3. During a trial on a boiler, the dry flue gas analysis by volume was obtained
as

CO2 13.0%, CO 0.3%, O2 6% and N2 80.7%.

The coal analysis by weight was reported as

C 62.4% , H2 4.2% , O2 4.5%, moisture 15% and ash 13.9%.

Estimate :

a. Theoretical air required to burn 1 kg of coal

b. Weight of air actually supplied per kg of coal
c. The amount of excess air supplied per kg of coal burnt

4. The percentage composition by weight of a sample of coal is found by

analysis as :

C 90%, H2 3.3%, O2 3.0%, N2 0.8, S 0.9 and ash

Calculate the minimum weight of air required for the complete

combustion of 1 kg of this fuel.

If 50% excess air is supplied, find the percentage composition of the

dry gases by volume.
5. A steam boiler uses pulverized coal in the furnace. The ultimate analysis
of the coal (by weight) as received is

C 78%, H2 3%, O2 3%, S 1%, ash 10% and moisture 5%.

Excess air supplied is 30%. Calculate the weight of air to be supplied

and weight of gaseous product formed per kg of coal burnt.

6. A coal containing 84% C is burnt to produce a flue gas analysed as

follows :

CO2 8.75%, CO 2.2.5%, O2 8% and N2 81%

a) Calculate the weight of carbon converted to CO per kg coal

b) % heat loss due to incomplete combustion given;

C.V. of coal = 31400 kJ/kg

C + O2 CO2 H = 33960
1
C + /2 O2 CO H = 10230

7. Explain the significance of %CO2 in the flue gas.

8. The world dependence on fossil fuels as the prime source of energy is

never ending. As petroleum and gas reserves are depleting, more
attention is given to coal for power generation. Describe one method of
coal conversion process to liquid fuel.