Từ Điển Chữ Nôm Trích Dẫn - Nguyễn Hữu Vinh

PHM L xi
HI
PHM L

y l bn in ca b T in Ch Nm Trch Dn, c mt di dng in t trn mng
Internet 1 t nm 2005, v t n nay (2009) c chng ti sa cha, b sung thm. Tuy
bn sch in khng c nhng tin ch ca mt my tnh ngy cng tinh xo, d dng, c th b
gn trong ti o sch in trn giy trng mc en vn l mt phng tin truyn b xa nay, c
th t trn k, lt gi tng trang.
Nhng nguyn tc m Ban Bin Tp tun theo khi thc hin t in ny c vit r
trong Li Ni u ca bn in t (in li trong n bn ny).
Nhn dp ra sch ln ny, ch xin ghi thm vi iu b tc: V ch Nm, vic c m l
quan trng nht (1); sau l cch hiu ngha ca tng ch, trong tng trng hp (2); sau
cng, l vic gii thch cu to ca mi ch Nm (3).
1. Ch Nm ghi li ting ni ca ngi Vit t nhiu nghn nm qua, m c khc nhau theo
tng min, tng a phng v bin i theo thi gian. Nhng cch c ny khng c ghi m
bng k thut m thanh, m bng th ch vung, da trn cch to ra ch Hn. Cch biu m
ny bng ch vit vung hin nhin l thiu chnh xc. Do , vic c m, hay ni cho
ng hn, cng vic tm li m thanh gc khng d dng. Trng hp nhng t c du vt m
Vit c, tc l nhng t mang ph m kp (bl, kl, kr, ml, sl, ...) hay nhng t song tit ( c
hng > hng, ba thc > xc, la > , m li > mli > li) l nhng minh
chng c th cho nhng kh khn ny.
i vi nhng t c du vt m Vit c ni trn, BBT chn quy tc sau y:
a) Nu t mang m c c ghi bng hai ch Nm tch ri, nh , th s c c hai
m, nhng m ph (m nh) trong ngoc n: (m) li.
b) Nu t mang m c c ghi bng mt ch Nm duy nht nhng mang hai m ring
bit th ch c trng m m thi. m nh b chm lng i. Th d: bli c l tri,
klc c l trc, mli c l li, v.v...
Nhng m c ghi trong t in bng ch Quc Ng Latin phn ln c cc hc
gi, nh nghin cu ngy nay chp nhn. Tuy vy, BBT c a ra mt s kin gii mi. Vn
c m Nm vn cn phi c nghin cu su rng.
1
http://www.viethoc.org/hannom/tdnom_intro.php
xii T IN CH NM TRCH DN
2. Rt nhiu ch Nm trong t in l nhng t c, nh mng (nghe), ng n (cha m), di

(s, king n), ma (tng t), ma (ng), khong khen (ngi khen) v.v, m ngha cha
c ging gii trong t in. L do l nhng ngha ny vn cn m h, cc cch hiu khc
bit nhau, cn nhiu tn nghi. Vn ny cn i hi nhiu thi gian v n lc mi.
3. Vn gii thch cu trc ch Nm kh phc tp. Ch vung ca mt ch Nm thng
c hai phn, mt phn biu m v mt phn biu . i khi ch c mt phn thi, hoc ch c
phn biu m, hoc ch c phn biu . Cu to ca ch Nm c nhng im c bit, chng hn
nhng du nhy thm vo ch Nm, hay s lin quan v cu trc trong nhng t kp nh
gn xa, vi vng, nhp nhng; s c mt ca mt b th trong mt ch Nm khng c
cch gii thch tha ng nu khng xt ti ch Nm i i vi n. Tuy nhin, iu cn phi
nhn mnh y l: nhng cch gii thch cu to ch Nm trnh by trong t in, i khi
nhng thnh vin trong BBT cng cha hn hon ton ng vi nhau. a s nhng cu trc
ch Nm ra c cc hc gi, nh nghin cu chp nhn. Trong tng lai vi nhng
khm ph mi hoc nhng d kin mi mt s nhng gii thch ny c th b thay th bng
nhng cch gii thch khc hp l hn.
Ban Bin Tp hn hnh gii thiu vi hc gii quyn sch ny, hy vng ng gp phn no
cho cng cuc tm li nhng du tch v vn ho v ngn ng cn tim tng trong ch vit, ni
nhng bn vn ct gi nhng th vin trong nc v khp ni trn th gii, trong s b, gia
ph, t liu c nhn, trn n cha c miu, ni nhng mnh v vn cn c cc nh kho c
khai qut, ca mt nn vn ha dn tc, vn khng bao gi gin on.
Ban Bin Tp
Ngy 15 thng 1 nm 2009
CCH S DNG xiii
CCH S DNG
Cc mc t trong t in c xp theo th t a, b, c Nu khng bit m c ca mt ch
Nm, c th tra theo mt ch Nm dng Bng Tra theo B Th hoc Bng Tra theo Tng S
Nt.
1. Cu trc mc t:
Mt ch Nm ( vung vi t dng nht nh) tng ng vi mt mc t chnh (entry) c cu

trc nh sau:
a) Ch Nm
b) m c: ch in kh ln l m c
dng xp theo th t ABC trong
t in. m c ny c th km theo
(trong ngoc n) mt hay nhiu m
c khc, nu c.
c) B th
d) S nt: [S th t b th (du
chm). S nt thm- S nt tng
cng]
e) M Unicode chun (nu c)
f) Gii thch cu to ch Nm (xin xem chi tit mc 3)
g) Ghi ch
h) Trch dn: [Cu vit bng ch Nm, cu ghi m c ch Quc Ng (Xut x)]
i) Xut x: [Tn tt ca tc phm (xin xem Bng lit k cc vn bn Nm), s cu hoc
s trang]
"Mc t ph" l nhng mc t c mang du "ch tay" dn n s trang c "nh ngha"

tng ng vi m c (tp trung trong phn "Mc t chnh").
2. Cc k hiu c dng trong sch
2.1 Du
Mt ch Nm c th c nhiu m c thuc nhiu ch

ci khc nhau. Nu mt trong nhng m c
c trch dn ri, c gi s thy du "ch tay" dn
n "mc t chnh" ca ch Nm ; th d, lin:
xem trang 675.
2.2 Du Dng ngn cch cc cu trch dn.

xiv T IN CH NM TRCH DN
2.3. S th t 1, 2, 3, 4...:
Mt ch Nm c th c nhiu m c khc
nhau, v nhng m c ging nhau cng c
th c ngha khc nhau (ng m d ngha).
V th, s th t 1, 2, 3, 4, ... dng phn
nh m c v ngha khc nhau ca mt ch
Nm. Th d, ch sang c th c bng hai
m l sang v lng, v c cc ngha khc
nhau l: 1) sang sng; 2) sang giu; 3) sa
sang; 4) lng mc.
2.4 K hiu dng trong xut x:
b. = bi
c. = cu
t. = t
tr. = trang
2.5 Du ngoc n ():
Trong phn gii thch cu trc ch Nm, m c nm trong du ngoc n ch m Hn Vit, v

m khng nm trong du ngoc n ch m Nm. Th d:
a) Mc ch sang. : (b xc), m: (lang). m lang trong ngoc n v l m Hn

Vit.
b) Mc ch nui. m: noi. m noi khng trong ngoc n, v y m nui mn m

Nm noi.
i vi nhng t song tit hay t mang ph m kp (du vt m c) c ghi bng hai ch Nm

tch ri nh c hng > hng, ba thc > xc, la > , m li > mli >
li , th trong cu Quc Ng tng ng, chng ti m tit ph (m tit nh) trong ngoc n:
(c) hng, (ba) xc, (la) , (m) li.
cho tn ch, i vi cc cu th, chng ti khng xung hng, m dng du phy cui
mi cu th, v ch ci u cu th tip theo c vit hoa.
2.6 Du
Dng biu th ch thiu (trng trng) trong hng th d ch Nm.
2.7 Du [ ]
Dng biu th ch Quc Ng c ch Nm b thiu.

CCH S DNG xv
3. Cch gii thch cu trc ch Nm trong t in
Mt ch Nm c th mn m (hoc mt m Hn Vit, hoc mt m Nm), c th mn ,

hoc c th l s kt hp gia m + m, + , m + , v i khi c c du nhy na.
Trong tng trng hp, chng ti u ghi r rng. Nu m c mn l mt m Hn Vit, m

c ghi trong du ngoc n. Nu l mt m Nm, th khng trong ngoc n, nh
gii thch trn.
Ngoi ra, mt s t t trong t in (khong 40 t), c cu trc m c bl, kl, ml, ... chng ti
cng ghi r trong phn ghi ch c gi tin tra cu. C nhin, nhng trng hp ny da trn
nhng kt qu nghin cu hin nay.
C th minh ha s a dng ca cch cu to nhng ch Nm c mt trong t in bng 15

trng hp sau y:
Ghich:HV=vitttcaHnVit.
Ch
ID Loi mc Giithchl
Nm
1 MnnguynchHn hc m:hc(hc)1
MnmHV mng m:mng(mang).

2
qua m:qua(qua).
m:ngm.Chthch(1).
ngm (1)mngmmnmNm ngm.
3 MnmNm
nm m:nm.Chthch(1).
(1)MnmNmnm(bn,nm).
mHV+mHV
4

n m:(in),m:(n).
mHV+mHV(m m:(ba),m:(li).Ghich(1).(1)
5
c)
tri
ThucmVitcbl.
ngt
m:(ngt),(bkhu):dunhy.
n m:(n),:dunhy.
6 mHV+dunhy
tc m:(tc), (c):dunhy.
n
(n),(bnhn):dunhy.
m: li, (khu):dunhy.
li
7 mNm+dunhy m:ba,:dunhy.
b

1
Trng hp th nht (1), mn nguyn ch Hn: Trong n bn ny, chng ti tm ghi gii thch: [m: hc
(hc)],vinirngchNm hcmncmvnghacachHn.
xvi T IN CH NM TRCH DN
8 MnHV gm : gm(kim).
9 HV+mHV nm :(ng),m:(nam).
10 HV+mNm son : (bthch,m:son.
12 HV+HV mt :(tht),:(vong).
ngi :(ta),(khu):dunhy.
13 HV+dunhy
ru : (tu),:dunhy.
:(bi),:(cn).Ghich:(1).
Mangbthcachi
14
km
gn (1)Phngicngdngb(bi)nhch
(xa).
:tai.Ghich(1).
15 MnNm nghe
(1)NghemnNmtai(tainghe).
4. B th v cch s dng cc Bng Tra:
T in Ch Nm Trch Dn dng h thng 214 b th. Ch Nm, trong nhiu trng hp, ch
mn m c ca ch Hn, hoc mn m c ca nhng ch Nm khc. B th, trong nhng
trng hp ny, do khng mang ngha ban u na, m ch l mt thnh phn gip tra ch
trong t in.
Trong h thng m ch Unicode, ty theo b ch (font) s dng, mt ch Nm hay Hn, vi m

s Unicode nht nh, c th hin th khc nhau. V d:
Unicode Simsun Ming LiU Han Nom A
70BA
7949
9AA8
Tt c cc ch Nm trong t in ny u c hin th v tnh s nt theo cc b ch Han Nom

A, Han Nom B v Han Nom P (private used) c hnh dng ch to rt st vi ch vit tay
hoc khc bn.
Di y l bng lit k mt s trng hp c bit cn lu khi dng hai Bng Tra trong t
in:
CCH S DNG xvii
B th Dng chnh Dng n Dng n
61. Tm 4nt 3nt
64. Th 4nt 3nt
85. Thu 4nt 3nt
96. Ngc 5nt 4nt
122. Vng 6nt 5nt
130. Nhc 6nt 4nt
140. Tho 6nt 4nt 3nt
162. Sc 7nt 4nt
163. p 7nt 3nt
169. Mn 8nt 3nt
170. Ph 8nt 3nt
184. Thc 9nt 8nt
195. Ng 11nt 8nt 10nt

Ghich:ChGitrongtinctnhl8nt(khngtnhduchm).
4.1 Cch dng Bng Tra theo B Th:
Tm trong bng Mc Lc B Th ( cui sch) b th ca ch Nm mun tra, tm n s trang

ca b th ny trong Bng Tra theo B Th, tm n s nt thm (khng k b th) ca ch
Nm, d n ch ny nu c, s thy s trang tng ng trong t in.
4.2 Cch dng Bng Tra theo Tng S Nt:
Tnh tng s nt ca ch Nm mun tra, tm n tng s nt trong Bng Tra theo Tng S Nt,
tm n b th ca ch Nm trong bng tra v d n ch ny nu c, s thy s trang
tng ng trong t in.
Ghich:gipvictrachtheotngsntcddnghn,ccchNmccngmtsnttngcngc
xptheothtt1n214bthcachNm.
LI NI U CHO PHIN BN IN T 2005 ix
HI
LI NI U
CHO PHIN BN IN T 2005

Ch Nm l mt loi ch vit, mn ch Hn lm cn bn ghi chp ting ni ca ngi Vit
Nam. Ch Nm c sng to, v c mt trong i sng vn ho ca dn tc hn 1000 nm
nay. Ta khng bit chnh xc ch Nm xut hin t lc no, nhng pht trin mnh m bt
u t thi i nh Trn, v c s dng khi th song song vi ch Hn khi th song song
vi ch Hn v ch Quc Ng cho ti gn cui i nh Nguyn, ri tn li k t khi ch Quc
Ng c qung i qun chng Vit Nam chp nhn t thp nin 1920. Ch Nm l kt qu
sng to rt c ngha ca t tin chng ta v ng mt vai tr quan trng trong cng vic
truyn t v lm ln mnh nn vn ha ca dn tc.
T gn mt trm nm qua, ch Nm b ngng tr. Tuyt i a s ngi Vit Nam,
ngoi tr mt s rt nh cc nh chuyn mn v ch Nm, khng cn c trc tip c
nhng vn bn v vn chng, lch s, phong tc, tp qun ... vit bng ch Nm m phi c
qua trung gian cc bn phin m vit bng ch Quc Ng. Nhng vn bn ch Nm ny t c
ph bin nn s hiu bit v nhng g chuyn ch trong cc vn bn vit bng ch Nm ngy
cng tr nn mai mt. T ch Nm qua ch Quc Ng gy nn s ngn cch trong vic
truyn t lin tc vn ho Vit Nam. Do , vic tm hiu v phin m t Nm ra Quc Ng l
mt vic lm quan trng v cp bch. Qua u th k XXI, nh k thut in t, ch Nm v
ch Quc Ng hin th c trn my vi tnh. Ngy nay c hn 10,000 ch Nm c
t chc Unicode Consortium cho m s, do vy vic phin m tc phm v bo tn nn vn ha
ch Nm s c c hi pht trin trong tng lai. Hng ngn tc phm ch Nm cc loi
Truyn, Tung, Ngm Khc, Din Ca, Din Truyn, Thn Tch, Ngc Ph, Thn Sc, iu c,
Tc L, a B, Gia Ph ... ang nm ri rc trong cc th vin trn th gii, cng nh ang
c ct gi trong dn gian, ang ch i ngi c tm huyt lm cng vic pht huy v bo tn
nn vn hc ch Nm ca chng ta. y chnh l ng lc thc y chng ti thc hin b t
in ny.
S pht trin ca k thut in ton cng kh nng truyn thng trn Internet cho
php kt hp mt Ban Bin Tp gm nhiu ngi c ng ti nhiu ni trn th gii, quy t cc
chuyn gia ngn ng Hn-Vit-Nm, cc nh nghin cu ng m hc lch s, cc chuyn vin
x T IN CH NM TRCH DN
k thut in ton v Internet, cc chuyn gia ch to kiu ch v c nhng ngi mi tm hc

ch Nm. Cng vic thc hin t in c tin hnh nh sau:
- Thu thp cc ti liu, vn bn ch Nm t cc th vin trn th gii hoc t nhng t
liu ca cc nh nghin cu.
- Chn lc mt s vn bn nng ct lp thnh mt "Th mc" dng lm c s lt sot
tng ch Nm mt. a vo t in vi tinh thn tn trng ti a nguyn tc cc th d c
trch dn v ghi ch xut x chnh xc.
- Ch to kiu ch Nm (fonts) ng tiu chun m quc t Unicode Standard v
Microsoft Specifications for True Type Fonts tng ch, tng ch theo kt qu cng trnh lt
sot ch t cc vn liu su tm c.
- G nhp ch vo t in dng in t.
T in ny t c s trn nhng trch dn t cc vn bn Nm nn mang tn l "T
in Ch Nm Trch Dn", c nhng c im sau y: d tra tm ch, gii thch cu to ca
ch v trch dn vn liu chnh xc.
Ngoi cc cch tra ch thng dng nh trong cc t in ch Hn: theo b th, theo s
nt, theo m, theo s m Unicode, T in Ch Nm Trch Dn trn mng Internet hay di bt
c dng in t no (CD-ROM, Flash memory, Desktop, v.v...) cn cho php tm kim
(searching) ch Nm trong T in "theo mt ch vit" cn c trn cc thnh phn cu to nn
ch Nm . Ngi s dng t in, khi gp mt ch Nm khng bit m c l g, khng bit
thuc b th no, khng r s m Unicode, c th g mt hay nhiu thnh phn ca ch Nm v
s tm ra nhng ch Nm c nhng thnh phn trong t in vi cc m c km theo.
Mi ch Nm trong t in, vi mt hay nhiu m c, vi mt hay nhiu ngha, u
c dn chng bng cc th d c th trch dn t cc ti liu, vn bn Nm khc nhau v c
ghi ch xut x chnh xc, nu c, gm tn tc phm, thi im xut bn ca tc phm, tn nh
xut bn, trang/t s [tr.14a], cu s [c. 7-8], v.v... D s lng vn bn Nm su tp c c
gii hn, chng ti cng c gng ti a s tm v la chn nhng vn bn tiu biu cho nhiu
th loi, thuc nhiu thi k trong lch s. i khi chng ti cng la chn nhng d bn tiu
biu ca mt tc phm cng nh a vo t in nhng vn bn Nm c bn sc a phng
khc nhau ca t nc.
Nhng mc t (entries/items) trong t in vi cc gii thch cu to v nhng th d dn
chng s to thnh mt "kho d liu" (database) gip cc nh nghin cu c thm phng tin
tra cu, tm ng cnh ca ch Nm, hoc lm thng k tng hp cc dng ch Nm c cng mt
m c, hoc so snh m ngha, phn tch, suy lun hu xc nhn hoc a ra nhng kin gii v
cch cu to hoc cch s dng ch Nm qua cc thi k lch s, v.v
Vi tm lng tha thit vi vn ha v ngn ng nc nh, trong tinh thn v v li,
chng ti hn hnh cng b kt qu s khi d n T in Ch Nm Trch Dn. Hy vng cun
t in ch Nm trn mng Internet ny s l mt phng tin gip ch nhng ngi mun hc
hi hoc nghin cu ch Nm. ng thi, chng ti cng mong to c hi trao i, tho lun,
ph bnh v hc hi vi mi ngi quan tm v vn ny.
Knh co,
Ban Bin Tp T in Ch Nm Trch Dn, 2005
LI NI U vii
HI
LI NI U
Ch Nm l mt trong ba th ch c s dng trong lch s ca dn tc ta. Hai th ch kia,

ch Hn v ch Quc Ng, u c ngun gc r rng, u c chnh quyn coi trng v c
s dng chnh thc trong cc vn kin hnh chnh. Ring ch Nm th ngun gc v thi im
sng to cng cn l nghi vn. Ngy nay, ch Nm coi nh mt hn vai tr ca mnh.
Nhng ch Nm c mt vi dn tc ta trong mt thi gian di lm trn vai tr ca
n l ghi li tm tnh, t tng ca ng o ngi Vit ngoi tng lp tr thc thnh t trong
vic hc v s dng ch Hn. Cc sng tc vn chng i su vo qung i qun chng hu ht
c vit bng ch Nm. Cc cu ca dao, nhng bi th bi vn c tnh cch tn gio cng c
ghi li bng ch Nm, ngay c nhng tc phm vit bng Hn vn cng c ph bin hn nu
c bn dch bng ch Nm i km, nh trng hp Chinh Ph Ngm, Bch Cu K Ng Gia
ti vn ha Vit phn ln nm trong cc tc phm ch Nm, cho nn khi ch Quc Ng
thng th th nhng ngi c hng tm i vi vn ny c gng tm lc nhng bn vn vit
bng ch Nm ri phin m ra ch Quc Ng bo tn v ph bin. Cng ngy ngi ta cng
nhn chn rng nhng s phin chuyn ni trn vn cha hon ton v cha hon tt. Nhiu
trng hp phin m c ch ng t thnh vn , v khin cho tc phm b hiu sai hay
c nh gi sai. Quan trng hn ht l cn nhiu tc phm cha tng c phin m bao gi
khin cho hc gii tng chng l vn hc Vit Nam ch t i c by nhiu thi. Vn Nm, v
vy, nh mt trm tch cn khai qut gii thiu rng ri cng sm cng tt.
S phin m cc tc phm vit bng ch Nm sang ch Quc Ng, do , l mt nhu cu
cp thit. Tm hiu s pht m ca ng b mnh ngy xa, cng nh cu trc ca ch Nm qua
tng thi i, l vic nn lm, thy c qu trnh chuyn bin ca lch s ng m ting Vit.
Quyn t in ch Nm ny, thc ra, khng ch ch li cho ngi nghin cu, tm hiu
ch Nm khng thi, m ngay c nhng ngi khng bit ch Nm nhng quan tm n ting
Vit v th vn Vit Nam cng s tm thy y mt kho tng ng vn ca ngi Vit Nam tri
di sut by th k, t th k XIII cho n th k XX. Mc du mi t mc khng c ct
ngha nh nhng quyn t in thng thng khc, ngi c vn c th thy c ngha ca
mt t ting Vit nm trong vn cnh ca hng lot cu th, cu vn c trch dn ra t cc tc
phm vit bng ch Nm.
viii T IN CH NM TRCH DN
Cc cch c mi ch u c tra cu v tho lun cn thn vi tinh thn tt c lm

vic chung cho mt chng trnh, mt mc tiu. Nu trong s tho lun c nhiu kin khc
nhau hoc tri ngc nhau, th quyt nh ca s ng l quyt nh c chn. C th quyt
nh ca a s sau ny hc gii s chng minh l sai lm, nhng y l phng cch lm vic
m Ban Bin Tp (BBT) tun theo.
BBT chng ti sinh sng nhiu ni trn th gii, tui i khc nhau, ngh nghip khc
nhau, thm ch c ngi cha tng quen bit hay gp mt nhau, nhng tt c u hng v mt
mc tiu chung, l bo tn v pht huy vn ha Vit tim tng trong cc tc phm vit bng
ch Nm. Ban u, khng k thi gian gia nhp, trc sau gm mi ngi, nhng v sau c
hai v t nhim v l do ring, l hc gi Alexandre L Php v n s Ht Ct (Trn Bch
Vn) M. Nhn y, BBT xin gi li cm n su sc v nng nhit n anh Alexandre L v
ch Ht Ct v nhng ng gp trc y v cng c mong rng chng ta s cng tc vi nhau
trong nhng d n khc sau ny. Ngoi ra, BBT cng ht sc cm n anh Quc Bo c
gp phn tch cc trong vic ch to hai b ch (font) Han Nom A v Han Nom B c s
dng trong cng trnh ny.
Sau hn ba nm n lc, vi s tr gip ca k thut in ton tn tin, BBT chng ti
hon thnh v ph bin T in Ch Nm Trch Dn dng in t vo nm 2005, v nhn
c nhiu kin ca ngi dng. Dng in t c nhng u im thi i ca n, nhng vn
khng th ph cp n nhng ai xa th, nht l nhng v ln tui, bn in ln ny nhm gii
quyt iu .
Xin chn thnh cm n Vin Vit Hc (California, USA) ng h tinh thn trong thi
gian BBT lm vic v thc hin vic n hnh quyn T in Ch Nm Trch Dn ny.
Mc du c gng ht sc, n bn ln th nht ny chc khng trnh khi sai st. BBT
mong nhn c kin ca c gi cc n bn sau ny c hon chnh hn.
Ban Bin Tp
Ngy 15 thng 01 nm 2009
BNG LIT K CC VN BN NM xix
BNG LIT K CC VN BN NM
C S DNG TRONG T IN
S Tnrt Tntcphm Tcgi Nhxut Nini

th gn bn/xutx vnbn
t
1 ADi PhtThuytADiKinh SHngHi TontpMinh 1833
SSao ChuHngHi,
LMnhTht,
nxb.Thnhph
HChMinh
2 BchVn BchVnAmQucNg NguynBnh XunPhc(P. Khngr
ThiTp Khim Schneider),
NguynBnh
Khim,Porte
paroledela
sagesse
populaire.
3 BnN BnNThn Khngghitn TVnng Khinh
Thn tngbn,Th ThtNin
vinSoutheast (1922)
AsiaDigital
Library
4 BchCu BchCuKNg Khngghitn CmVnng Tc
tngbn QuDu
(1873)

5 Bm BmHoaTnTruyn Khngghitn QunVnng DuyTn
Hoa tngbn BnhThn
(1916)
6 CaiVng CaiVngTnTruyn Khngghitn Khngr Khinh
KMi
(1919)
7 ChNam ChNamNgcmGii SPhpTnh ThVinSocit Cnh
Ngha Asiatique,Paris Hngnm
th22
TnT
(1761)
8 Chinh TnSanChinhPhNgm Khngghitn ChnhTrc GiaLong
PhCT DinmTKhc ngkhcvn nmth
14(1815)
xx T IN CH NM TRCH DN

th gn bn/xutx vnbn
t
9 Chinh ChinhPhNgmDinCa Khngghitn TnThtLng 1950
PhTV chgii,TnVit
10 Chuyn ChuyniXa TrngVnhK, Contesplaisants 1888

iXa Abeldes annamites,Paris:
Michelsdin ErnestLeroux,
Nm Editeur
11 CHn ThnhCHnVn SChnhi ngPhDBin Thnh
TngTp Thinm
thby
(1895)
12 CThp CThpLinhTch Khngghitn TpSanVitNam XX
KhoCSign,
S3,1960
13 CTrn CTrnLcoPh TrnNhnTng ThinTngBn 1745
Hnh
14 CungOn CungOnNgmKhc nNhHu PhcVnng Boi

NguynGia tngbn Nhm
Thiu Thn
(1932)
15 cTh cThLmTuyn TrnNhnTng Thintngbn 1745
ThnhoCa hnh

16 iDi iDiKinhDinm Khngghitn Khngr Khngr

17 DGh DGhConChng Khngghitn PhcAntngbn Khinh

nmth
su
(1921)
18 ngL LchDinCa ngBnhThc Bnvittayca 1941
ch GiTh LCmT
LCmTdin
Nm
19 GiaHun GiaHunCa Khngghitn QuanVnng Thnh
tngbn Thiinh
Mi
(1907)
BNG LIT K CC VN BN NM xxi

th gn bn/xutx vnbn
t
20 HoaTin HoaTinKBtTi NguynHuyT TacaVi 1843
TDinm Vnnm1829;
tacaCaoChu
Thnnm1843
21 HoaYn VnhHoaYnTPh SHuynQuang Thintngbn 1745
hnh
22 Hoi HoiNamk HongQuang coleFranaise XIX

Nam dExtrmeOrient,
Paris

23 Kiu onTrngTnThanh NguynDu KiuOnhMu Thnh
KOM chthch Thi
NhmDn
(1902)
24 KiuCVT ThyKiuTruynTng NguynDu ChimVnTh XIX
Ch chnh

25 KiuTHU onTrngTnThanh NguynDu TngHung Tc
th GipTut
(1874)
26 Kim KimCngKinhGiiL HngHi TontpMinh 1858
Cng Mc ChuHngHi,
LMnhTht,
Nhxutbn
ThnhphHCh
Minh,770tr.
27 LuBnh LuBnhPh Khngghitn Khngr Khngr
Ph
28 LuBnh LuBnhDngLTn Khngghitn PhcVnng Boi

PVD Truyn tngbn Nhm
Thn
(1932)
29 LuBnh LuBnhDinCa Khngghitn QungThnh Khinh
QTD ngtngbn Nhm
Tut
(1922)
xxii T IN CH NM TRCH DN

th gn bn/xutx vnbn
t
30 Mainh MainhMngK NguynHuyH VinVnHc,H XIX
Ni
31 Mng MngTinCa Khngghitn PhcAntngbn Khinh

Tin nmth
t
(1919)
32 MN MNCngH khngghitn PhcAnng Khinh
tngbn,Th nmth6
VinoSoutheast (1921)
AsiaDigital
Library
33 NamCa NamCaTnTruyn Khngghitn ThnhVnng Khinh
tnsan nmth
hai
(1917)
34 NamCm NamCmKhc TuyLVng BncaBuCm XIX
VinKhoC
35 Nam NamPhongGiiTro TrnDanhn Khngr DuyTn

Phong son,Ngnh CanhTut
ThivTrn (1910)
DonGicb
sung
36 Nhn NhnNguytVnp Khngghitn NhxutbnJ. 1917
Nguyt Vit,1917

37 Nh NhMaiTnTruyn Khngghitn QuanVnng Thnh
Mai tngbn Thiinh
Mi
(1907)
38 NPhm NPhmDinNghaT TuyLVng BncaBuCm XX

39 Phan PhanTrn Khngghitn MauriceDurand 1962

Trn cngb/thc
hinbnvitmi
datheobn
PhanTrnnm
1904v1912
BNG LIT K CC VN BN NM xxiii

th gn bn/xutx vnbn
t
40 PhpVit PhpVitBinhThTp G.Dumoutier Harvard 1888
ManuelMilitaire University
FrancoTonkinois Library

41 PhongS VitNamPhongS NguynVnMi PhQucV 1914
Khanh,SiGn (ta)
42 PhMu PhtThuytiBoPh Khngghitn ThVinSocit Khngr

MunTrngKinh Asiatique,Paris

43 Qucm QucmThiTp NguynTri PhcKhnguyn 1868
bn
44 RnC BiCaRnCBc Khngghitn PhcAnng Khinh

Bc tngbn,Th TnDu
vinSoutheast (1921)
AsiaDigital
Library
45 SiVi SiViThTp NguynC KimNgcLu GipTut
KNL Trinh tngbn (1874)
46 SiVi SiViTnLcQucm NguynC NhxutbnLa XX

NVS DinCa Trinh Thing.Bnnm
cdoNguynVn
Smcngbnm
1971
47 SnHu SnHuDinCa Khngghitn QuanVnng DuyTn
tngbn CanhTut
(1910)
48 Song SongTinhBtD NguynHu TrnLuThin 1945
Tinh Ho sao
BncangH
LmTnPht
49 SL SLDngThng SHngHi TontpMinh 1943
ChuHngHi,
LMnhTht,
NhxutbnTp
HChMinh.
TheoVitNam
Phtintrng
san,1943
xxiv T IN CH NM TRCH DN

th gn bn/xutx vnbn
t
50 TamT TamTKinhDinNgha PhcTraiTin BuHoaCctng XX
Kinh Sinh bn
51 TyH TyHCnhTng TriuVn KhcGiang 1893

Phng HngPh

52 Thch ThchSanhLThng DngMinh TLmCctng XIX
Sanh Th cTh bn

53 Thanh ThanhHaQuanPhong VngDuy LiuVnng Thnh

Ha Trinh tntuyn,Mta ThiGip
ngtngbn Thn
(1903)
54 ThKnh QuanmDinCaTon Khngghitn BuHoaCctng BnhThn
Truyn bn (1896)

55 Thin ThinNamNgLc Khngghitn coleFranaise XIX
Nam Ngoik dExtrmeOrient

56 Thoi ThoiKhanhChuTun Khngghitn BuHoaCctng XIX
Khanh ThTp bn,VinKho
C,Sign
57 ThySn ThySnThuMngK Khngghitn Khngr XX

58 TrnB TrnBTruyn Khngghitn TyCngHc BnhTut

Vinnguynbn (1886)
59 Trng STchngTrngQunh Khngghitn LiuVnng tSu

Qunh tngbn (1925)
60 TrCc TrCcTnTruyn Khngghitn ThnhMng Thnh

tngbn ThiGip
Ng
(1894)
61 Trinh TrinhThTruyn Khngghitn iTrcng Tct
Th tngbn Hi
(1875)
BNG LIT K CC VN BN NM xxv

th gn bn/xutx vnbn
t
62 VnTin LcVnTinTruyn Nguynnh KimNgcLu GipTut
KNL Chiu tngbn (1875)
63 VitS VitSDinNghaTT HngThit& QucSQun, Khinh

QSQ Ca HngNhung Hu nmth
su
(1921)
64 VitS VitSTipLcDin Khngghitn VinKhoC,Si XX
VKC Ngha gn

65 Xun XunHngDiCo HXunHng QucmThi GipDn
Hng Tuyn (1914)
DC
66 Xun iNamiLinThiTp HXunHng NammThiTp Khngr
Hng LQuPhngt
DN
67 Xun LuvredelaPotesse HXunHng coleFranaise 1968
Hng VietnamienneHXun dExtrmeOrient,
MD Hng Paris
68 Xun XunHngThiTp HXunHng PhcVnng Boi
Hng tngbn CanhNg
TT (1930)
69 Yn TamNguynYnThi NguynKhuyn LiuVnng Khinh
Ca tngbn nmth
10(1925)
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Từ Điển Chữ Nôm Trích Dẫn - Nguyễn Hữu Vinh

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Từ Điển Chữ Nôm Trích Dẫn - Nguyễn Hữu Vinh

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PHM L xi

2. Rt nhiu ch Nm trong t in l nhng t c, nh mng (nghe), ng n (cha m), di

Mt ch Nm ( vung vi t dng nht nh) tng ng vi mt mc t chnh (entry) c cu

"Mc t ph" l nhng mc t c mang du "ch tay" dn n s trang c "nh ngha"

2. Cc k hiu c dng trong sch

Mt ch Nm c th c nhiu m c thuc nhiu ch

2.2 Du Dng ngn cch cc cu trch dn.

2.4 K hiu dng trong xut x:

2.5 Du ngoc n ():

Trong phn gii thch cu trc ch Nm, m c nm trong du ngoc n ch m Hn Vit, v

a) Mc ch sang. : (b xc), m: (lang). m lang trong ngoc n v l m Hn

b) Mc ch nui. m: noi. m noi khng trong ngoc n, v y m nui mn m

i vi nhng t song tit hay t mang ph m kp (du vt m c) c ghi bng hai ch Nm

Dng biu th ch thiu (trng trng) trong hng th d ch Nm.

Dng biu th ch Quc Ng c ch Nm b thiu.

3. Cch gii thch cu trc ch Nm trong t in

Mt ch Nm c th mn m (hoc mt m Hn Vit, hoc mt m Nm), c th mn ,

Trong tng trng hp, chng ti u ghi r rng. Nu m c mn l mt m Hn Vit, m

C th minh ha s a dng ca cch cu to nhng ch Nm c mt trong t in bng 15

MnmHV mng m:mng(mang).

10 HV+mNm son : (bthch,m:son.

4. B th v cch s dng cc Bng Tra:

Trong h thng m ch Unicode, ty theo b ch (font) s dng, mt ch Nm hay Hn, vi m

Unicode Simsun Ming LiU Han Nom A

Tt c cc ch Nm trong t in ny u c hin th v tnh s nt theo cc b ch Han Nom

B th Dng chnh Dng n Dng n

61. Tm 4nt 3nt

64. Th 4nt 3nt

85. Thu 4nt 3nt

96. Ngc 5nt 4nt

122. Vng 6nt 5nt

130. Nhc 6nt 4nt

140. Tho 6nt 4nt 3nt

162. Sc 7nt 4nt

163. p 7nt 3nt

169. Mn 8nt 3nt

170. Ph 8nt 3nt

184. Thc 9nt 8nt

195. Ng 11nt 8nt 10nt

4.1 Cch dng Bng Tra theo B Th:

Tm trong bng Mc Lc B Th ( cui sch) b th ca ch Nm mun tra, tm n s trang

4.2 Cch dng Bng Tra theo Tng S Nt:

k thut in ton v Internet, cc chuyn gia ch to kiu ch v c nhng ngi mi tm hc

Ch Nm l mt trong ba th ch c s dng trong lch s ca dn tc ta. Hai th ch kia,

Cc cch c mi ch u c tra cu v tho lun cn thn vi tinh thn tt c lm

S Tnrt Tntcphm Tcgi Nhxut Nini

S Tnrt Tntcphm Tcgi Nhxut Nini

10 Chuyn ChuyniXa TrngVnhK, Contesplaisants 1888

14 CungOn CungOnNgmKhc nNhHu PhcVnng Boi

17 DGh DGhConChng Khngghitn PhcAntngbn Khinh

S Tnrt Tntcphm Tcgi Nhxut Nini

22 Hoi HoiNamk HongQuang coleFranaise XIX

28 LuBnh LuBnhDngLTn Khngghitn PhcVnng Boi

S Tnrt Tntcphm Tcgi Nhxut Nini

31 Mng MngTinCa Khngghitn PhcAntngbn Khinh

35 Nam NamPhongGiiTro TrnDanhn Khngr DuyTn

39 Phan PhanTrn Khngghitn MauriceDurand 1962

S Tnrt Tntcphm Tcgi Nhxut Nini

42 PhMu PhtThuytiBoPh Khngghitn ThVinSocit Khngr

44 RnC BiCaRnCBc Khngghitn PhcAnng Khinh

46 SiVi SiViTnLcQucm NguynC NhxutbnLa XX

S Tnrt Tntcphm Tcgi Nhxut Nini

51 TyH TyHCnhTng TriuVn KhcGiang 1893

53 Thanh ThanhHaQuanPhong VngDuy LiuVnng Thnh

58 TrnB TrnBTruyn Khngghitn TyCngHc BnhTut

59 Trng STchngTrngQunh Khngghitn LiuVnng tSu

60 TrCc TrCcTnTruyn Khngghitn ThnhMng Thnh