TUTORIAL

1. Classify this biomolecule base on their monomer, molecule bonding, and specific
function with the aid of suitable example.
I. Polysaccharide
II. Polynucleotide
III. Polypeptide
IV. Lipid

2. Changes of neutral physiology pH of human body can cause acidosis or

alkhalosis. Briefly explain the main mechanism of controlling an equilibrium pH in
human blood system.

3. Water is tetrahedral molecule with a strong non-covalent bonding. Describe this

bonding base on their interaction with polar and nonpolar solvent.

4. Glucose enters some cells by simple diffusion through channels or pores, but
glucose enters red blood cells by passive transport. There is significance
difference in rate of diffusion compared to passive transport. Why do the rates of
the two processes differ?

5. Write the molecular formulas for the following fatty acids:

I. Octadecadienoate acid, 18:2 9, 12
II. Eicosatetraenote acid, 20:4 5,8,11,14
III. Docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6 4,7,10,13,16,19

6. Each type of cell has a unique membrane composition with varying percentages
of lipids, proteins, and some carbohydrates. The currently accepted model of the
membrane is the fluid mosaic model. Discuss the importance of this model as
membrane cell.

7. Starch and glycogen are two different types of homopolysaccharides. Compare

these two sugar component regarding their glyosidic bonding and specific
function.

8. TAG and PPAG are two simple molecules of lipid. Differentiate these two
molecules base on structure and their application in biotechnology.
9. With the diagram, differentiate triglyceride, phospholipids and steroid base on
composition and function.

10. Amino acids can be classified into neutral non-polar, neutral polar, acidic, and
basic based on their capacity to interact with water. Discuss these classes with
the aid of particular chemical structure.

11. In titration curve of amino acid, ionization of glycine is differing to glutamate acid.
Why this mechanism was happen and how to determine the isoelectric point (pI)
of each amino acid.

12. Amino acid was dividing to four different groups depend on their charge. Draw all
of ionization molecule for glycine, glutamate acid and histidine base on their
ionization stage.
I. Glycine
II. Glutamate acid
III. Histidine

13. In protein technology, the chromatography technique was use in separation of

protein mixture. Differentiate of biotechnology technique in protein purification.

14. With the aid of diagram, compare the structure and bonding type of alpha helical
and beta pleated sheet.

15. Supersecondary structures of polypeptide are divided to 5 different types. Explain

this structure base on their properties.

16. Denaturation is the process of protein structure disruption caused by physical or

chemical agents. Discuss denaturing conditions.