EKOMORFOLOGI HEWAN

ANATOMI
Ilmu yg mempelajari struktur organ2 di dalam tubuh
EIDONOMI
Ilmu yg mempelajari bentuk atau ciri luar organisme
MORFOLOGI
Ilmu gabungan antara anatomi & eidonomi
EKOLOGI
Ilmu yg mempelajari hub organisme/individu dengan
lingkungannya & sebaliknya
 EKOMORFOLOGI
Ilmu yg mempelajari tentang hubungan
antara struktur organ tubuh
organisme/individu dan lingkungannya
Ilmu yg mempelajari kesesuaian struktur
organ tubuh organisme/individu dan
lingkungannya
HABITAT HEWAN VERTEBRATA

1. Air (aquatik)
2. Darat (terrestrial)
Bawah tanah (sub teran)
Di atas tanah (teran)
Pohon (arboreal)
3. Udara (aerial)
 FEEDING
the process by which organisms obtain food

Sederhana
Dgn alat penyaring: modifikasi celah insang, cilia, baleen,
sucker
Dibantu kontraksi otot

Kompleks
Ada struktur yg bs menggigit (tdk hrs gigi)
Rahang bs digerakkan (jaw prehension)
Mpy alat penyimpan makanan sementara (ventriculus)
Ada alat gerak
 Ingestion
placing food into the mouth
Filter feeding: obtaining nutrients from particles
suspended in water gill raker, baleen
Suction feeding mammal neonates, beberapa jenis
ikan
Jaw prehension
 Herbivor vs Carnivor
1. Oral cavity
Carnivorous animals tend to have wide mouths in relation to
their head size and have highly-developed jaw muscles called
the temporalis muscle. A carnivores saliva does not contain
digestive enzymes.
Herbivores have smaller mouths and muscular tongues to
move food about and grind it down on the flat platforms of
molar teeth in the mouth. Herbivore's saliva is alkaline,
containing carbohydrate digestive enzymes.
2. Teeth
A carnivore's teeth are long, sharp and pointed. These are tools
that are useful for the task of piercing into flesh.
Herbivore's teeth are not pointed, but flat edged. These are
useful tools for biting, crushing and grinding.
 3. Digestive
Digestive tracts
Herbivores
Have long digestive tracts because it takes a long time to
absorb nutrients from the plant material which they eat.
They also have a large caecum which helps, along with
enzymes, breakdown the plant material and cellulose.

Carnivores
Have shorter digestive tracts as they can obtain
nutrients from the meat they consume more quickly.
They have a relatively small caecum as their diet only
consists of small amounts of plant material.
4. Stomach
Stomachs differ greatly between carnivores and herbivores.
Carnivores have greatly enlarged stomachs which encompass
between 60 and 70% of their entire digestive tracts,
While herbivores have much smaller stomachs as they generally are
required to process smaller amounts of food.
A carnivore's stomach secretes powerful digestive enzymes with
about 10 times the amount of HCl than a human or herbivore.
The pH is less than or equal to 1 with food in the stomach, for a
carnivore.
E. coli bacteria, salmonella, campylobacter, trichina worms
(parasites) or other pathogens would not survive in the
stomach of a lion
For humans or other herbivores, the pH ranges from 4 to 5 with
food in the stomach. Hence, man must prepare his meats with
laborious cooking or frying methods.