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Hydrocarbonrefrigeration,whateverytechnicianshouldknowPart1
GoldPartners
22September2011

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Ahead of the pending US Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) ruling Keith Gifford, Director of Global
Marketing Tecumseh presented What every refrigeration technician should know about hydrocarbon
refrigeration in an archnews.com webinar. This first article about the webinar provides an overview of SNAP,
fluorinatedrefrigerantreplacementsandhydrocarbonworkingpressuresandtemperatures. BronzePartners

It is expected that hydrocarbon refrigerants will be

approved for commercial and residential refrigeration
equipmentuseintheUnitedStateswithinthenext90days. Comparedtofluorinatedrefrigerantshydrocarbons
Original equipment manufacturers are designing new havetheadvantageoflowercharge Products
hydrocarbon refrigeration equipment for 2012
introductions. To familiarise technicians with hydrocarbon
refrigerants in preparation for the upcoming changes, Mr Random Latest Popular
Gifford provided a comprehensive overview of the Relatedarticles
differences between hydrocarbons and fluorinated
refrigerants.
23rdICR:flammabilityriskofhydrocarbonsin
TheUSSignificantNewAlternativesPolicy(SNAP) refrigerationandACservicing
31August2011
TheSNAPrulingforhydrocarbon,whichisexpectedtobe
outbytheendoftheyear,isdividedintotwocomponents: TransitioningfromHCFCstolowGWP
Refrigerators and freezers: the charge limitations are refrigerants:howtoovercomethebarriers
57g (2.0 ounces) in any refrigerator, freezer, or 17May2011
combinationrefrigeratorandfreezer.Thisisequivalent
totheliquidyouwouldfindinatypicalcigarettelighter.
UScompressormanufacturerembraces
Retail food refrigerator and freezers: the charge hydrocarbons
limitation for propane R290, which is a substitute for 05May2011
R12,R502andR22,is150g(5.3ounces).
Advantages of hydrocarbons, their working
UPDATED:Guidelinesforthesafeuseof
temperaturesandpressures
hydrocarbonrefrigerants

Hydrocarbons are environmentally benign refrigerants. 17September2010
Their global warming potentials (GWP) are considerable
lower than fluorinated refrigerants. Both R600a and R290 HydrocarbonscomingtoAmericainaSNAP
haveaGWPof3,whichisrelativelyinsignificantwhenyou 04May2010
lookatR12,R134aandR22,whichhaveglobalwarming
potentials of 10,900, 1,430, and 1,810 respectively.
Hydrocarbons also have lower discharge temperatures,
improvingthesystemreliability.

One of the key benefits of hydrocarbons is the reduction in refrigerant charge. Compared to R22 and R134a,
R290resultsina40%reductioninrefrigerantcharge.R600aresultsina45%reductioninchargecomparedto
R134a,anda60%reductioncomparedtoR12.

Hydrocarbonworkingtemperaturesandpressures:
Condensingtemperature1013Covertheenvironmenttemperature
Suctionpressure35Cbelowtheenvironmenttemperature
Compressordischargetemperature:lowerthanorequalto120C
Compressordometemperature:Lowerthanorequalto110C
Compressorwindingtemperature:Lowerthan130C
Equalisingpressure(psig):58/58forR600aand128/128forR290forlowbackpressure
Peakpressure(discharge)(psig):145forR600aand360forR290forlowbackpressure
Stabiliseddischargepressure(psig):113forR600aand290forR290forlowbackpressure
R290isagoodreplacementforR22

TheboilingpointsofR290andR22areveryclosematches,42.1Cand40.8Crespectively.Theevaporating
temperatures of R22 and R290 are also similar 40.8C and 42.1C. This means R290 can use the same
evaporatordesignasR22.R290alsohasalowerdischargetemperaturethanR22,whichimprovescompressor
reliability,andcanworkathigherpressureratios.Overall,thisresultsina5%extensioninthecapacityrange.

R600aisagoodreplacementforR12

R600aiswidelyusedindomesticapplicationsandmanycountries.95%ofdomesticrefrigeratorsinEuropework
with R600a, and now Argentina, Brazil, China and other countries in Asia are beginning to adopt R600a in
refrigeratorsandfreezers.Howeveritssmallervolumetriccapacityandhigherpressureratios,limitittoverysmall
capacities.

WithregardtoR600a,ithasalowermolecularweight,58.1kg/kmolincomparisontoR134a,102kg/kmol,which
results in a lower charge for Isobutane. R600a also has lower operating pressures than R134a, improving
reliabilityandextendinglifeofthecompressor.ThelimitationforR600aisintherangeof900Btuperhouror
about264W.

Hydrocarbonevacuation

The recommended minimum evacuation level for R600a and R290 systems is 200 microns. Moreover,
techniciansshoulduseahighqualityvacuumpumpspecificallydesignedforevacuationandthevacuumshould
bepulledfrombothhighandlowpressuresidestoensuretherearenocondensablesleftinthesystem.Care
should be taken to prevent moisture from entering systems and components prior to assembly otherwise
evacuationwilltakelonger.

MOREINFORMATION

Guidelinesforthesafeuseofhydrocarbonrefrigerants
PresentationWhatEveryRefrigerationTechnicianNeedstoKnowAboutHydrocarbonRefrigerants
WebinarwebsiteWhatEveryRefrigerationTechnicianShouldKnowAboutHydrocarbonRefrigerants

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