The Association of Energy Engineers

Southern Ontario Chapter

Next Generation Low Global Warming Potential
(GWP) Refrigerant and Impact on Equipment
Energy Efficiency
Andre Patenaude CET
Director CO2 Business Development
Feb.17, 2016

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Agenda

Refrigerant Regulations

Energy Regulations

Why do we need to do
things differently?
What has changed?

The new approach to

innovation in refrigeration

2
 Why Invest in CO2 Refrigeration?

Step 1 - Elimination of Ozone Depleting Refrigerants (CFC & HCFC)

Step 2 - Phase Down of Global Warming Refrigerants (HFC)
Step 3 - Ramp up of CO2 Commercial Refrigeration Equipment

Step 1, Completed Step 2, Ongoing Step 3, Ongoing

Thinning of the Ozone Layer Global Warming Damage Natural Refrigerants
Caused by CFC & HCFC Caused by HFC CO2, Propane, Ammonia
(Banned) (Phased Down / Usage Bans) (Ramping Up)

CFC = Chlorofluorocarbon
HCFC = Hydrochlorofluorocarbons
HFC = Hydrofluorocarbons
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2015 Was Warmest Year Since 1880 USA
Today Article, 1/20/16

COP21 Meeting in
Paris, 12/2015
Nations agreed to limit
global temperature
increase to 2 C
Countries to update
pollution reduction
pledges by 2020

This means
reducing emissions
by 4070% by 2050
compared to 2010!

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Aggressive European Measures to
Reduce and Eliminate HFCs

5
Global Warming Potential
R404A Equivalent Threshold Vs CO2

GWP of 3922

8oz of R404A =

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F-Gas Regulations - Europe

7
Global Regulations
Confusing Time for End Users

Draft

Short Lived Climate

Pollutants Reduction
Strategy

September 2015

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 Environment Canada Ruling Not
Finalized Pending Election
Canada & US Regulations Results October 19, 2015

Regulatory Body: Regulatory Body:

Environment Canada (EC) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Sector Specific Sector Specific

Limits High GWP Refrigerants Limits Specific Refrigerants

Centralized REF Systems Retail Food REF

Stand-alone Commercial REF Systems Supermarket Systems

Commercial AC Remote Condensing Units

Mobile REF Stand-Alone Units

Aerosols Vending Machines

Motor Vehicle AC (MVAC) Aerosols-Propellants
Domestic REF Foams (Insulation Materials)
Domestic AC Motor Vehicle AC (MVAC)

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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Retail Food Refrigeration

End Use Unacceptable Refrigerants Proposed Timeline
Supermarket Systems
404A,407B, 421B, 422A, 422C, 422D, 428A, 434A, 507A July 20 2016
(Retrofit)
New Supermarket
227ea, 404A,407B, 421B, 422A, 422C, 422D, 428A, 434A, 507A Janauary 1, 2017
Systems (New)
Remote Condensing
404A,407B, 421B, 422A, 422C, 422D, 428A, 434A, 507A July 20 2016
Units (Retrofit)
Remote Condensing
227ea, 404A,407B, 421B, 422A, 422C, 422D, 428A, 434A, 507A Janauary 1, 2018
Units (New)
Stand Alone Units
404A, 507A July 20 2016
(Retrofit)
Stand Alone Units MT FOR12A, FOR12B, 134a, 227ea, KDD6, 125/290/134a/600a (55/142.5/1.5), 404A,
407A, 407B, 407C, 407F, 410A, 410B,417A, 421A, 421B, 422A, 422B, 422C, January 1 2019
<2,200 BTUH 422D, 424A, 426A, 428A, 434A, 437A, 438A, 507A, RS24 (2002 Formulation),
Stand Alone Units MT FOR12A, FOR12B, 134a, 227ea, KDD6, 125/290/134a/600a (55/142.5/1.5), 404A,
407A, 407B, 407C, 407F, 410A, 410B,417A, 421A, 421B, 422A, 422B, 422C, January 1 2020
>2,200 BTUH 422D, 424A, 426A, 428A, 434A, 437A, 438A, 507A, RS24 (2002 Formulation),
227ea, KDD6, 125/290/134a/600a (55/142.5/1.5), 404A, 407A, 407B, 407C, 407F,
Stand Alone Units LT 410A, 410B,417A, 421A, 421B, 422A, 422B, 422C, 422D, 424A, 426A, 428A, 434A, January 1 2020
437A, 438A, 507A, RS44 (2003 Formulation)

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 EPAs Final Rule and DOE Energy
Regulation Timing
Remote Stand-alone
Super- Super- Remote
Phase-out Cond.
market market Cond. Unit MT <2,200 BTU/hr. and MT 2,200 BTU/hr. with or LT LT and MT
Refrigerant Unit not contain flooded evap. without flooded evap. New Retrofit
New Retrofit New
Retrofit New New

Jan. 1, July 20, Jan. 1, July 20, Jan. 1, July 20,

R-404A/507A Jan. 1, 2019 Jan. 1, 2020
2017 2016 2018 2016 2020 2016
Jan. 1,
R-410A OK - OK - Jan. 1, 2019 Jan. 1, 2020 -
2020
Jan. 1,
R-407A/C/F OK OK OK OK Jan. 1, 2019 Jan. 1, 2020 OK
2020
HFC-134a OK OK OK OK Jan. 1, 2019 Jan. 1, 2020 OK OK

DOE Energy Jan. 1, March

Reduction 2020 March 27, 2017 March 27, 2017 27,
Compliance (Walk-in) 2017

R-404A medium-temperature, stand-alone cases redesign and retest for

efficiency in 2017 and then again for replacement refrigerant in 2019/2020 with no
404A-like options
Low-temperature and HFC-134a stand-alone cases have some options, but timing
issue remains and additional cooling may be required for compressors which will
add components and cost
Where We Are: Regulations & Refrigerants
Reach-In Ice Walk-In Supermarket
CA Title 24
DOE Energy

40
% Efficiency

-35% -37%
20 -17%
-25%

0
Today 2017 Today 2017 Today 2019 2012 2013
Where We Are: Regulations & Refrigerants
Reach-In Ice Walk-In Supermarket
CA Title 24
DOE Energy

40
% Efficiency

-35% -37%
20 -17%
-25%

0
Today 2017 Today 2017 Today 2019 2012 2013

EPA Refrigerants

50%
% Market

Low GWP Low GWP

100% Blend 100% Low GWP
Blend
Blend

40% Low GWP

Blend
Propane Propane CO2

Today 2019 Today 2020 Today 2018 Today 2017

Redesigns Are Widespread.

Results Require System-wide Optimization.
Environment Canada

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North America and India Proposals for
Amendment to the Montreal Protocol

A5 Countries, India Proposal

North America

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 Environment Canada Ruling
Not Finalized Pending Election
Environment Canada Results October 19, 2015

Sector GWP Limit Proposed Timeline

>150
Aerosols January 1 2017
*w/ certain Exceptions

MVAC >150 2021 Model Year

Domestic Refrigeration >150 January 1 2019

Domestic Air-Conditioning >750 January 1 2019

Centralized Refrigeration
>1500 January 1 2019
Systems
Stand-Alone Commercial
>1000 January 1 2024
Refrigeration Systems

Mobile Refrigeration >2000 January 1 2025

Commercial Air-Conditioning >750 January 1 2023

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 Alternatives for Refrigeration Applications
A1 Non-Flammable A3 Flammable
B2L Toxic, Mildly Flam. Qualitative Not to Scale
Pressure A2L Mildly Flammable
or
Capacity CO2

R446A, R447A, ARM-71a

R-410A R32/HFO 400-675 R32
Like Blends
R410A
R448A = N40
R449A = DR33
R444B = L20 R404A
R449B = ARM-32
L40, DR7 R22 R507A
R-404A & NH3 ~300
ARM-20b
N20
R407A
<150 < 1500
R-407/22 R32/HFO R407C
Like HDR110 Blends R32/HFC/HFO (3922)
R407F, R452A = XP44
R290 DR3 Blends
ARM-35
ARM-20a

R-134a HFO 1234yf HFC/HFO R450A = N13

Like HFO 1234ze ~600
Blends R513A = XP10
ARM-42 R134a
R-123 Like DR2, N12, ARC 1
(V. Low Pr.)
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 GWP Level
International, National and Regional Regulations and
Changes on the Horizon

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Natural Refrigerants Gaining Traction in North
American
Leading Edge Field Trials CO2 Installed Base
H-E-B IGA
Austin, TX Magog, QC
R290 Transcritical CO2
Micro-Distributed Booster

Sprouts
Dunwoody, GA
Transcritcal CO2
Metro
Booster Montreal, QC
Ammonia / CO2
Secondary
Albertsons
Carpinteria, CA
Ammonia/CO2 Hybrid Concordia
University, QC
CO2 Transcritical for
Walgreens Ice Rink

Evanston, IL
Net Zero Store,
Geothermal, CO2

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Over 6,500 CO2 Transcritical Stores Worldwide

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CO2 Transcritical Store North America

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Innovation in Refrigeration
Refrigeration Industry Economics Remain
Staggering

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 Were Now Trying to Balance Four Variables
DOE Regulations Require % of Top 50 Retailers Testing
New System Designs Refrigerant Alternatives
100% 83%
80%
% Energy

-35% -37%
60%
-17%
40%
20%
6%
Now '17 Now '18 Now '20 0%
Reach-In Ice Walk-In 2010 2015

Component Electronics
Dwindling Workforce Impacting $K Are a Larger Spend
Maintenance Costs 250
Thousands of Techs

250 60K 200 Optional

244 Shortage Electronics
200 150
150 184
100
100 Mechanical
50
50
0
0
HFC CO
2010 2015

Emerson Confidential 24 24
Electronics and Data Analytics Growing in the
Cold Chain
Remote Building Management
Supervisory
Monitoring
Refrigeration
Controls
HVAC
Lighting

Global Ops Supermarkets Convenience Stores Restaurants

Center
Customer
Sites

IT Systems
Assets and
Systems

User Refrigeration A/C Kitchen

Dashboards Cases and Coolers Racks Equipment Equipment

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The Helix Innovation Center
at the University of Dayton, Ohio

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The Helix: A Different Way of Thinking
and a New Way to Collaborate

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The Helix Is Designed for Collaboration and
Teaming

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Commercial Kitchen at The Helix

1,500 sq. ft., fully functional,

high-density kitchen
Designed for modern
American cuisine
Capacity to serve
150 meals
Independent temperature
and humidity control
Remote condensing
equipment can be located in
environment chamber
Environment chamber
temperature control from
-25 F to 125 F; humidity
control from 2090%

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Supermarket/C-Store at The Helix
2,500 sq. ft. supermarket
and C-store module
Independent humidity and
temperature control
Remote condensing equipment
can be located in environment
chamber
Environment chamber
temperature control from
-25 F to 125 F; humidity
control from 2090%
Currently configured for
CO2 transcritical refrigeration
system
Refrigeration rack can be
used for HVAC, hot water,
snow melt features

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Innovation Is More Than a Building
The Helix Innovation Process
UNDERSTAND: Week 16
Problem Exploration and
Customer Value Parameters: 14 weeks

State of Art and Landscape:

3 weeks

Analysis: 4 weeks

BUILD TEAM: Week 36 IDEATE: Week 79

Build Team: 3 weeks Solution Generation: 2 weeks

PROTOTYPE: TEST: Transition:

Week 89 Week 10 Week 11+
Sub team Full
team

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Efficiency Must Drive Effectiveness

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Thank You!

Questions?

For Further Details, Contact

Andre.Patenaude@Emerson.com
DISCLAIMER
Although all statements and information contained herein are believed to be accurate and reliable, they are presented without guarantee or
warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. Information provided herein does not relieve the user from the responsibility of carrying out its
own tests and experiments, and the user assumes all risks and liability for use of the information and results obtained. Statements or
suggestions concerning the use of materials and processes are made without representation or warranty that any such use is free of patent
infringement and are not recommendations to infringe on any patents. The user should not assume that all toxicity data and safety measures
are indicated herein or that other measures may not be required.

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