CATEGORY GENERIC NAME CHEMICAL NAME OTHER NAMES STRUCTURE DESCRIPTION USES

PENICILLIN Penicillin G Benzylpenicillin It was first made available as the water soluble salts of K, Na, and Ca. With the exception of patients allergic to it, penicillin G
S Penicillin is absorbed poorly from the intestinal tract; oral doses must be very remains the agent of choice for the treatment of more
large, about 5x the amount necessary with parenteral administration. different kinds of bacterial infection than any other
The most popular penicillin antibiotic.

Penicillin G Procaine CRYSTICILLIN The first widely used amine salt of penicillin G was made with procaine.
This can be made readily from penicillin G
DURACILLIN Sodium by treatment with procaine hydrochloride.

WYCILLIN

Penicillin G N,N_- BICILLIN It is very insoluble in water, requiring about 3,000 mL to dissolve 1 g. This
Benzathine dibenzylethylenediamine property gives the compound great stability and prolonged duration of effect. At
dipenicillin G PERMAPEN the pH of gastric juice, it is quite stable, and food intake does not interfere with
its absorption

Penicillin V Phenoxymethylpenicillin PEN VEE It has enjoyed wide use because of its resistance to hydrolysis by gastric juice
and its ability to produce uniform concentrations in blood (when administered
V-CILLIN orally) For parenteral solutions, the potassium salt is usually used.

Methicillin Sodium 2,6- STAPHCILLIN The 2nd penicillin produced as a result of the research that developed synthetic Introduced for use in the treatment of staphylococcal
Dimethoxyphenylpenicillin analogs, was introduced for medicinal use. This is particularly resistant to infections caused by strains resistant to other
inactivation by the penicillinase found in staphylococci and somewhat more penicillins. It is recommended that it not be used in
resistant than penicillin G to penicillinase from Bacillus cereus. The incidence of general therapy, to avoid the possible widespread
interstitial nephritis, a probable hypersensitivity reaction, is reportedly higher with development of organisms resistant to it.
methicillin than with other penicillins.
Nafcillin 2-Ethoxy-1- UNIPEN When it is given orally, its absorption is somewhat slow and incomplete, but Nafcillin sodium may be used in infections caused
naphthylpenicillin satisfactory plasma levels may be achieved in about 1 hour. Nafcillin given orally solely by penicillin G-resistant staphylococci or when
should be readministered every 4 to 6 hours. streptococci are present also. Although it is
This salt is readily soluble in water and may be administered intramuscularly or recommended that it be used exclusively for such
intravenously to obtain high plasma concentrations quickly for the treatment of resistant infections, nafcillin is also effective against
serious Infections. pneumococci and group A -hemolytic streptococci.

Oxacillin Sodium (5-methyl3-phenyl-4- PROSTAPHLIN Is the salt of a semisynthetic penicillin that is highly resistant to inactivation by The use of oxacillin and other isoxazolylpenicillins
isoxazolyl)penicillin penicillinase. should be restricted to the treatment of infections
sodium monohydrate Oxacillin experiences some first-pass metabolism in the liver to the 5- caused by staphylococci resistant to penicillin G.
hydroxymethyl derivative.

Cloxacillin Sodium 5-Methyl-3-(2- TEGOPEN The chlorine atom ortho to the position of attachment of the phenyl ring to the
chlorophenyl)-4- isoxazole ring enhances the activity of this antibiotic
isoxazolylpenicillin

Dicloxacillin 5-Methyl-3-(2,6-
dichlorophenyl)-4-
isoxazolylpenicillin
[3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-
methyl-4 isoxazolyl]
penicillin sodium
monohydrate
Ampicillin D--Aminobenzylpenicillin PENBRITN
6-[D-
-aminophenylacetamido]
penicillanic acid
DYNAPEN The substitution of chlorine atoms on both carbons ortho to the position of
attachment of the phenyl ring to the isoxazole ring is presumed to enhance
PATHOCIL further the stability of the oxacillin congener dicloxacillin sodium
VERACILLIN
This product is active against the same Gram-positive organisms that are
susceptible to other penicillins, and it is more active against some Gram-
POLYCILLIN negative bacteria and enterococci than are other penicillins.
D-(-)-Ampicillin, prepared from D-(-) - amino phenylacetic acid, is significantly
OMNIPEN more active than L-(+)-ampicillin.
Ampicillin is not resistant to penicillinase, and it produces the allergic reactions
AMCILL and other untoward effects found in penicillin-sensitive patients.
PRINCIPEN
Its medicinal properties and use are the same as those
of cloxacillin sodium.
It may be used to treat infections caused by Gram-
negative bacilli for which a broad-spectrum antibiotic,
such as a tetracycline or chloramphenicol, may be
indicated but not preferred because of undesirable
reactions or lack of bactericidal effect.
It is particularly useful for the treatment
of acute urinary tract infections caused by E. coli or
Proteus mirabilis and is the agent of choice against
Haemophilus influenzae infections. Ampicillin, together