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MrNr-LESS0NSF0R sECrr0N 3: VOcabUlarv


)

Building
These Mini-lrssons consist of iists of over 5OOwords and their synon]/rns as well as
,
pracUce exercises. Although vocabulary is nc longer tested in discrete ltems in Secuon
3, there are two tvpes of vocabulary-in-corrtext questions in the Reading section. These
exercises will improve your abitity to use context to choose the word iha'r best fits tnto a
: SEI-ItEDC€.

MINI.LESSON 3.1
--
abandon u. desert, leave irritate (2) intcnsify. reievant, proper (2) ltkely.
Lt"r"r"'irrr"\:('-'1'\i worsen I r'r'j'\
J-.,-"?:F]ld Pl9!€ -la"( - \111.,)n
qualified,fit #g;"g;;i"";j. entire.torat. arduous a{. difficuit. "
33t"^iS,$*capable,
gf:t1"t,ir.-:19'. ', '' - - ..
,r'l':, strenuous. exhauslinA
abmpt
"liTjp"te
a41. sriOden,.hasty, ,,,,i9fi:l:: ,.j. ;, .
agile arg. giaii:"fi4, nimble. arid
1.,s,;-_.u
aQj. dry. barren
nr',,'ir
j'
,,1-,,i
bii"rtl't:r' !(\\ 'i'Iq:rr) Y rn!'\ 14''! f .: ' i q
unefpgCted &roma
lively n. [lagralce, srre]I,
acclairn u. applaud. praise, ailment ru sickness. illness, odor, sce,nt ," I ',
\.i''.'i'tr* 11-r j(
honor; n. praise, ,.:..... ) \ \ 'i;'' '
li \
.r diSeaSe
_"
'
-_ arlificial a{. sr/rrlhetic. ,iln'rr:t
applause, honor allot u. dtr.'ide."di;Ubii. ) "tt .i., 'r:r-r-imitalion, nrartmade
,i:"L f.9. bitter, sharp. bting a{;. a3t,oni"iiihg. _ - , astoaishing criT'. surprising,
u- adjust. modilv "irrliir,g
astounding. surprising, amazing. astourrriing
"FeP!
srart-hng-1,",',,').,^'" astute a{. inlel}igent. ciever.cirf{'''
l-dSp: g4', l$1il1ui. expert , ,. g\ ';1r(1'-rJperceptive , i , , , : t ) , ) - , .i i - i . f l i t ' , . ' t \ . '
danetl' " t,. sticX, cling amiable aQj. agreeabie,,'-i.,' ,
' admonish congenial' pieasant 'l;-'l ,,^.1 attain u. abiomiifisii, acnteve
,, *.;fi. caution. ^ r" t

adr/ise , n',r'. anticipate u- foresee, expect, augment u- suppiement.,r..,,:::',.


o' ",.;.Y p r e d i c t \ \ J ' M n - '' m -1' r r ' r ^ ' t increase. strengthen.
a d o r n u . d e c o r a t e ,c i r n a m e n t .
anxious a4i- (1)rvorried, - exPand
."'- advent,.r*'e[,irih$arrival ; 1 r - . ,1 | i 1 i : ) ' . , . ,
',
*:, ,
-r-,.1-'*'-"'
&{verse
austere crd. strict. ha,"sh"
aq7'.hostile, negative , .- SeveJe, Slern ).), .. .') ) ')
urr* i- . -*: .'
{2) eaqer, avid
COntfafW , J :,i! rarJr'l_r )l t
rf,rr,/-
. . N j _ _ r - : \ u . i - 'a{.J ed..,u\..^...,'^: appraiSe U_evalUate_, euthentld acg-. genuir-ie. tnr.e
affluent rich, wealthy, estimate, asseSS , averslon n- dislike, hosUlily,
Drosperous, well_to_do ':
aPt a4r'. {l) appropriate, fear
aggravar.f u, (l) annoy, "a4,', clumsy
,, st-ritable, ccrrecl.
$'*$.tl+rei-+*
., . !:r rt. . I /i
,:
r1-rtn-i. r'^ 'r "ii[*"ra
,h ' r.^ . Directj-1n;a Complete tire follorving sentcnces by lilling in the blanks u'iu-r vocabula4,
ite:-ns {A! iR). ci (Ci acc<'ri-dinf tc tht .^rr-1r:-r nf ;.i:.: .,,-i-,,aa-=. -i-i;:. llr-s:-
5 . ... i c,a,...js rli-;i.,- ?S
an e:<ample.

I' Penicillin can have an {A) effect on a person who is a-llergic to it.
, , ,,
(A) adverse l; r,i,-i,.l'--," tB) arDcious (C)
't . arvkward :
, $g I -,r -r,r . a\ tr'\^\'f f -\-''\
2. Burning rubl-;er produces an --- smoke.
(A) aciept (B) arid
\Bl acrid

Rationing is a system for scarce resourced.

_LA)-allotting (C) aPPraising i\, ;i rl


,l t,

Anthrul is gencral{y .n .---.--'.* of sheep and cattie. but may also be transrnitted
':
to hr-rrn:rtrs
(411ailnrerrl
{Ci at'ersion

S e c t i o n3 Crii{lc lcr li.eacing r-+2


''
5. l-alwence Gilman is adrnired for his scholariy rrrusical criticism.
(A) austere as:-ute (C) abn:pt
1$
/ , r .< -i ' ,
6. IVlountain climbing is zln ---__ i
s1.,ort.
iA) austere, (B) arrluous tC) arxious

7. Turtles their elgs after thel' lay them and never see their Jroung-
(Ai abandon (B) appraise tC) adorn

B. Sc:holarships ai.low some students liom less families to atten<i coliege


{A} artificial {B} affluent tC) amiable

9 . Jewelers are sometimes asked to ---- jewelry for insurance purposes.


(Ar attain {B) ab;ndon (C) appraise
l o . Acrobats must be extremely

tA) arvkrvard {B) affluent (C) agiie

tl. Southern Arizona has an


f Al ^ri
\n; dI tLl
{B) astute tC) acrid
12. A person suffering from claustroph,rbia has an io confined spaces.

{A} ailmenl (B) avr:rsion tcj acclaim

13. Perhaps the rnc,st evolution ary development. in penguins is a glard that
can remove salr_ from seawater-

tA) arid (B) astrnishing tC) amiable


14. Readers in tire eighteenilr century founci Thomas Faine's pamphlet Cnmrnon
Sense extremel'g persuasive, in part because it rr.'asrr,ritten in an interesting style
and containeci rnany quotations.
(A) apt (B) an:ious tC) arvkward
I 5 . ln a domed stadium. natural grass cannot be gror.vn. so ==- turf nrust be used

!1,'. \r
on the plaf ilrt ,'t.td
t\LL i! \ _1 ' \
t

:,.r.1,.t r rl'i-\'- i'r'-''/'.i':l.rYi''r-'il


{A) acrid (Bi agcregate {C} l{ificial

MINI-LESSON 3.2
' 1 ^ , 1 \ 1 : . ,, . , .
,1,
baffle u. confuse. puzzle.. beckon u. summon. call. bleached, paLe
mYsti[' signai bland a{;'. mild. tasteless,
balmy a{. mild, wa,inl belligerent a4j, hostile . dull
ban u. prohibit. forbia aggressive
blatnnt a{i. flagrant.
bar u. prerrenl obstruct. . beneficial a{,/. helpful, obvious. overl
block useful, advantageous
blend u, mix. mingle.
bb.rren a{- sterile. benevolent a4j. benign. kind. conrbine: n. rnixture,
unproductive, bl,:ak. compassionatr: combinaiion
lifeless bias n. prejudice bloorn u- blossortr. florver,
barter u. trade, exchanqe blanched o{. rvhitened, flourish
428 Section 3 Grri,le to lleactinll
blunder u. rnake a mistake: bond u. join. connect n- tie, brisk o4j.0t tively. quick,
n. error, mistake link, connection vigorous (2) cool, chi[y,
blunt a4l'. (I) unsharpened. boom u. expand, prosper: invigoratlng
dull (2) rude. abrupt, curt
n. opansion, prosperity, brittle aQj. fragila breakable.
blurry a{i. unfocused. grc.,vth weak
unclear. indistinct
brace u- support, reinforce bulky a{. huge. large,
bold a{1. brave, courageous
brilliant ttt bright, shiny, clumsy
bolster u. support, sustain, "4i.
radiant, danlng(2) buttress u. support, bolster,
- boost, buttress talented, gtfted, Artelligent boost

firectjlns: Complete t}-e follorving sentences by filling ln the blanks with vocabulary
items (A). (B), or (C) according to thi context of tl.e
"".,i.rr..".
l. Many llowers in the spring.
{A) blend (B) brace (C) bloom
2' The Virgin Islands, iocated in the caribbean.
have a __-_ climate.
{A) blurry {B) brittie (C) balmy
3. Before currencjr carne into use, people
used the system.
{A) barter (B) bluncier (C) bias

4. The airline It sent me to Atianta but my luggage to Montreal.


(A) buttressed
{B) baffled (C) blundered
5. Peopie with ulcers should eat -=-- foods.
{A) bold {B) bland tC) bulky
6. Steei is not as ----.-.'-.-_-as cast iron;
it doesn,t br-eak as easily.
{A) brist iB) brittie {C) brittiant
7'' At one time, the citv of Boston
walt whitman's poctry because it rvas
considered ir.nnroral
(A) banned
iBj boomed (C) braced
8- Manl' pecoie tirinl-l r,f 3"r-.ro
a.'q_.-_. .egii.;;.i. biri':ria:^+ sptCies cf pla:-::_s a:.'d
animais have adapted to life t}ere-
(A) bland (B) barren (Ci balmy
9' Art autocratic ruler wlto senes his people well is sometimes
called a --
dictator.
(A) blatant (B) belligerent
{C) benevolent
lO. Ilobert Coddard was a
pioneer in tJ-e fietd of rocketrv.
(A) brilliant
[B) balmy (C) brisk
I l. I er-rjo.ytzrkin€ rvalks or-r
autuntn mornings.
(A) l>arrcn
(B) brisl< (C) blurry

S e c t i o n3 Guicle to ll.eading 429


12. The victirn was apparently struck
by ;r club or some other object-
(AJ bland (B) brittje {C} blunt
13' some geese are .--_--. attacktng arly')ne u,ho comes near them.
{A} bt:neficial (B} biasea (C) belliserent
14. The glass factories of Toledo,
Ohio _ -- after l,Iichael Owens invented
process that could turn out bottles
by the thousands.
{A) barred (B) bolsterr:d [C] boomed
MINI-LESSON 3.3
calamity n. disaster. charming a{. deltghtful, clog u. block, obsrrrct
catastrophe
lovely. attractive
candid a{;'. honest, truthful. clrrmsy a{'- awkward,
cherish u. appreciate. inept
realistic
esteern, treasure
capable a{'. competent. e.ble. coax u- persuade, urge
efficient, skillful choice n. selection, option: colossal a{. huge,
carve u. cut. sculpt, slic: a{i. exceptional, sirperior
enormous, gigantic
casual aQj. tl) informal, clte u. quote, mention, refer contmen.ce u. begin. initiate,
reiaxeci (2i accidenteLl. to, list
siari
chance clash u. argue, disput,:. commerce n. trade. business
caustic a{]'. biting, harsll. quarrel; n. argurne nt,
cornmod.ity n. product. good.
sarcastic conflict, dispute
merchandise
cautious a{i. careful. alert. classify r-..categc.rrize
prudent corrrpel u. force. require.
clever adi. smart, sharp. coerce
celebrated or$. distinguished, witry, bright
famous, prominent cornpetent q4j- adept,
cling u. stick, adhere, holcl skillful, capable, able

Directions: comlllte thl.foirowilg


senten{'esby filring in rhe blanks wit]' vor:abulary
items (A)' (I|)' or {c) according
to the contex'r of the sentences-
1' The Red cross and the Rec
Crescent provrde rerief in C;aseof sucrr as
floods. earthquakes. and hurricanes.
{A} cla;;hes
i*l cc;i:n:rti,ries (C} caiamiiies
2' Spoke. language is generallv more ____
than ..r,riiiea lanquage.
iHJ c:rsual
[Bi capabte {C) cautious
3- rMren rwitinS
research papers, writers rnust
thc: sources they use.
(A) coax
(B) cite (C) ciog
4. Monke.ys are -----.-.-- as prinrates.
(A) conrpellecl
(B) classifierl (C) cherished
5. renrarks carr offencl people.

{A) Charnrirrg (B) Caustrc (C) Clever


6. Sculpt<lrs r-rsehartrr.l.lcrs
anrl chisels [o statues fronr stone.
(A) cher-istr
(B) conrpel (C) can'e
43o Section3 Ctriclc to Reacling
7' The Space Age .-._-_-in october. 1957 when Sputnik, the first artificiat satelltte.
was iaunched by the Soviet Union.
(A) comrnenced
{B) coaxed (C) cited
B' workers must be very =-_-- when dealing with toxic substances.
{A) causric . tts)clumsy (C) cautious
9' Microorganisms on the surface of separate particres
of soil together,
making the particles themseh,es cohere.
(A) cling
tB) clash (C) compel
]o' With the growth of internauonal --=--- , the economies of tlre world have become
more interdependent.

{A) commodity {B) commerce (C) choice

1l' The Lincoin Memorial in washington.


D.c. features a -=--* statue of the
sixleenth president created by Daniei
Chesfer F.rench.
(A) colossal
{Bi causuc {C) casual
12' corn' cotton. sLrgar, and many other goods are
bought and sord In
markets.
(A) choice
{B} commerce (CJ commodity
i3' Artists of the so-called *Ashcal
school" of American art portrayed their subiects
in a .-_ fashion that concealed nonc of tlreir
flaws.
(A) can<Iid
(B) choice (C) charming
t4' water hyacinths grow so profusely that thev may
---- waterwavs.
tA) clog {Il} ciing [C) carve

M I N I - L E S S ON 3 . 4
-
conlpieEaent i;, supplentenr, congregate u.assemble.
complete; n. supplement. cordial a{1. congenial. rvarm.
giather
addition triendly
-,,o::sFi.-_-::r:s
compiiment ai!,._i::iiciai;c, coiii'rgous a{l.poiire.
u. praise, Oatter, obvious, prominent
commend; n. praise. rellned. gracious
flaiiery conternplate u. think about. covert a{. secret. hidden
ponder, speculate
comprehensive a{i. conrple.te. cozy a4i. (l) comfortable,
controversial aej.
thorough, exhaustirre' warm {?i friendlv,
disputabie, debatable intimate. close
compll-sor-y a{,1..necessarl,,
convenient
obligatory, mandatorl, " a4j. accessible. crave u. desire. long for. hope
available, handy
concede u. adnrit. . for
conventional acll. standard,
. acknorvledge. rgcognize crooked adJ. lL) cun,ed,
ordinarlr, normal
conci:qe c@-. brief. slrort. trvisted. zigzag (21
:i cope with u. deal ruith, dishonest. corrupt
abbreviated
l1lal-ragc,l-ranclle
crucial
concrete a{1. tangible,
copious ' k e y o 4 , l ' .c r i t i c a l - d e c i s i v e .
specific, real od.i.abunclant.
aniltle, 1>lent_iful
crude o 4 j . ( l l r r - r d e .i n r p o l i t e .

Section 3 Guide to Reaciinq 431


vulgar (2) unprocessed, cr5rptie an{. secret,,hiclden. curious ad. (i} tnquisittve
raw, unrefined mysterious (2) odd, strange, unusual
cruel a4'. brutal, viciotts, curb u. restrict, limit, curt adi. abmpt. blunt.
rut}less control impolite

Directions: Complete the following sentences by frlling in the blanks with voc:rbulary
items (A), (B), or (Ci according to the context of the sentences.

t. The us,: of seat belts is in many states; fallure to wear them may result in
fines.
(A) covt:rt iB) cruel {C) compulsory

2. Every summer, blacl< bears from all over southern Alaska along the

McNeil River to fish [or salmon.


(A) crave (B) curb {C) congregate

3. An abstract is a ----- form of an acad,:mic arttcle. ManyJournals publisir

abstracls so readers can decide if it is w.:rttrwhile to read the full version of t].e
article.
(A) conr:ise (R) compreht:nsive (C) concrete

4. Before 1754. Britain and the North Americarr colonies had a relationship,

but after that, their relationship became strained.

[A) con:;picuous (B) cozy {C) curt

5. Automated teller mar:hines provtde a ---.--- means of banking twenty-fou.r hours

a day.
(A) cordial IBJ crooked {C) convenient

6. lnmbarri Street in Setn Frarrcisco, which zigzags rrp Nob Hill, is know'n as the
worldls :nost -_ street.

{A} controversial tB} crooked {C) crypilc

7. A good iwiter suptrrorts his or ner generaiiz-ations wich =-= cxarnpies.


(A) concrete (B) curious tC) crude

8. Ir{any lrrrnters wear Gl'ange and other bri;{ht coiors in or<ier to be as --'-* as
possible, and therefore arroid being shot l>y other hunters by mistake.
(A) cove::t (B) cmcial {C) conspicuous

9. Movie directors use nrusic to - the action on the screen.


(A) contt:mplate (B) comple.nt:nt (C) 'compliment

lO. ' Workers in the senrice sector should be trained to act as *-- as posslble-
(A) cructely (B) courteou-.ly (C) curtly

I l- Trouble -slrooting is the process of identil'ying and problems.


(A) concecling (B) coping wi il'r {C) crayrng

432 Section 3 Crricle to llcirclinrl


12. A_--banjohas live strings.
(A) conventional {B) copious (C) cryptic

MINI-LESSON 3.5
danp arfi. moiSt, wet, humid dim a{'. unclear, faint, d.ot u. are located in. are
dating adi. bold, courageous, indistincI scattered around:
brave din n. noise, clamor.
dazzl.ing a{'. shining, commotion dowufall n. collapse, ruin.
sparkling. blinding, brighr dire a{. desperate, grievous, ,destnrction
declare u. announce. serious doze u, sleep, nap
proclaim discard u. abandon. leave draw u. (l) sketch, make a
defective o{,1'.flawed. fiaulty, behind picture; (2) pull. attract
broken, malfunctioning dismal a{. gloomy, ' drawback n. disadvantage,
defiant aQj. rebellious. depresslng, drearlr weakness. flaw
insubordtnate disperse u. scatter, dreary a{,p-.dismal, gloomy,
detlcate a{. exquisite, fragile dislribute, spread bleak
delightfuf a{;'. charming, dispute n. argument. drench u. wet. soak
attractive, enchanting quarrel, debate. clash,
delusion n. illusion, dream. drowsy adj. sleepy, tired
feud
fantasy distinct dubious acil. doubtfui.
adj.discrete,
demolish u- tear dorlrn, separate, different skeptical, uncertain
destrov, wreck distinguished aQj. durable ad. lasting,
dense c.{.p'. thick, solid. celebrated, notable, enduring, resistant
P2'cked famous. r'lell-known drqell u. live, reside, inhablt
destst u- stop. cease, diwulge u. reveal, admlt, dwelling ru house, home,
disconUnue disclose residence
devlce n. instrument, tool. dogged a{. stubborn, dwindle u. decrease,
mechanisrn determjned, persistent diminish
devise u. invent, plan. figure domlnate u. rule, control. dyne'nlc a{/. energetic,
out forceful, active, vibrant
[;overn

Directions: Complete the foliorvrng sentences by filling in the blanks rvith vocabula4'
items (A), (B), or (c) according to the context of the senie.r".r.

l. The siii-;',.; cit .r-r: ij,uui.ia!n-!op was ii-r the bright sun.
morning
(A) daz,zl\ng (B) dogqed (C) dim

2 A pe:.son who has been accused of a crime cannot be forced to --'- airy
information that is self-incrlminating.
(A) divulge
{B) desist (C) disperse

3. Roses have a beau$.


(A) dense
{B) clelicate {C) dire

4. An odometer is a -_=-- for measuring distance.


(A) device (B) delusion {C) drvelling
5. The anrorrnt o[ open space has -=-*.as r n o r e and n-ore land is develoPed.
(A) dominated (U) dwindled (C) disg'ersed

S e c t i o n3 Cr-ridc to Reading 433


9. I-lerrni: crabs live in shells lhat have be,:n __-- by other animals.

{A) de<lared (B) divulged (C) discarded

7. Richard Blrd and h.is pilot Floyd Bennett undertook a _-- flight to tire North
Pole in May of L92e;.
(A) daring {B) defiant (C) distinct

8. Steep, round hills called knobs southern lndiarra.


[A) dernoiish (B) dot {C) dwell

9. Artists Nathaniel Currier ald James Me,rritt lves produced some prints of
nineteenth century New England scener, which collectors prize for their charm.
(A) dreary (B) dim (C) delightful

10. Econolnlsts define goods as ones intended to iast more than four months.
(A) drirable {B) dense (C) delicate

I i. One cause of the Arnerican Revolution v/as a over taxation.


(A) drawback (B) din (C) dispute

12. Fiorida has a hurnirl climate. Summers thcre are particularly hot and --.
(A) dyrramic (B) damp {C) dogged

13. All bookkeeping systents have certain arlvanlages and cerlain

[A) drawbacks {R} delusions (C) downfalis

14. A person suffering from hypothermia, tlre extrerne loss of body heat. may first
feel -*--.
(A) dogged ( t 3 )d i s t i n g u j s h e d (C) drorvsy

i5. Hancirur-iting experls i:-y to cornpare a -- signature against at least three


genuine specimens beforc judging its authenticity.
(A) dublous iB) disrnal {C) dim
16. Bar.s h'-'!n __-* sr:eds ilr 'rropical forests.

(A) devise (B) disperse iC) drench

L7. A carb;lretor _=-=- air in^r-oan engine ;md rn:-xes it, ..viL-ilfuel.
(A) desisls (B) draws (C) dots

MINI-LESSON 3.6
eerie eq/-. strange, eligible a{. suitable. encounter u. meet. find.
odd. urrusual, qualifted, acceptable come across: ,L nreeting'
frightening confrontation
eminent a{. celebrated.
clderly acll. otd, aged distinguished, fant,rus endeavor ru attempt, r,enture
electrify
' e x h i l a r u.
a t eexcite. thrill. emit u. send out, endorse u. authorize.
discharge approve. support
elegant ac!'. sophisticated. enchanting a{- delightful. enhance u. intenslfy- ampli$,
polisheci charn.rintr{.captivati ng strengthen

434 Section 3 Grriclc t,r llcaciirrr_i


ensrre u. follow, result faint a{;-. dtm, parle. faded, flaw n- defect, imPerfection,
indisUnct fault
entice u. Iure, attract, ternpt
falter u. hesitate, waver flee u. escaPe, go away, elude
era n. period. age;'stage
fancy a{. decoraUve, ornate' flirnsy adi. fragile, frail'
essential a{. critical. vital,
rcrucial, key elaborale weak. feeble
fasten u. attach. secure forego u. abandon. girre uP
csteem u. cherish, honor.
admlre fatal a{;'. mortal. lethai. foremost ar{'. chief.
deadiy princiPal, leading
evade' u. escape, avoid,
eiude fatigue u. tire. exhaust; fragment n. Pariicle. Plece.
n. exhaustion, weariltess bir
e*haustive a{. thorough,
complete, comprehensive faulty ad'. 0awed, inferior fragrant a{,;'. aromatlc,
feasible a{i. possible scented
erchilaratlng a{j. exctting,
thrllling, stimulatlng, fee 1u paymenl fare fraudulent adJ. false.
electrt$ing feeble a{. weak, fragile, frail decePtive, deceitful
€xtravagant adJ. excesslve. ferocious a{. fierce, savage, fuadamental ad. basic.
lavish violent integral, elemental
fiery a4l'. (I) blazing, burning fuse u. joln. comblne. unite
fable n. story. tale (2) passionate, fervent fusion n. blend, merger'
fabled a{'. legendary, fitting adi. suitable, proPer. union
mythical. famous apt, appropriate futite a{,1'.useless, Pointless'
facet n- aspect. point, feature flagrant ar{. blata,nt, obvious vain

Directions: Complete the foilowing sentences by filling in the blanks with vocabularl'
ltems (A), {B), or [C) according to the context of the sentences'

L In t9O6 much of San Francisco was destroyed by an earthquake and the fires

that
(A) evaded (B) ensued tC) encountered

2. The urriter H. P. l,ovecraft wrole man)' stories about the supernatural'


(A) essential (B) eerie (C) extravagant

3. A new of aviauon began in 1947 when Chuck l'eager became the first pilot
to iiy faster than the speed oi souncl.
(A) iable {B) endeavor (C) era

4- Vance Packard's book Tlre Hidden Persuaders deals with the tacUcs advertisers

use to consurllers.

tA) endorse (B) entice (C) enhance

5. Riding a roller coaster is - experience.


' (A) an exhilarating (C) a feeble
(B) a fancy

6.: Riveting is a means of -==-- metal piates together with irot metal bolts.
'
(A) errhancing (B) fleeing (C) fastening

In tl're United States. criizens are - to \/ote at the age of ei$hteen


(A) fitting (B) elderly (C) eiigitrle

Section3 Guidc to Reaciing 43t


B. Llarracudas are -'-_'.- predators, s,ornetimescailerl the -tigers- of tropicai waters.
(A) faulty (B) furit,: (C) ferocrous

9- Certain gases such as neon =_-* llght when exposed to an electriczr-lcurrent-


(A) emit {B) evarle (C} esteem

IO- People make more mistrrkes when tlrey are than rvhen theii are fresh.
{A) exhaustiv'e (B} emir Lent (C) fatjgued

IL A *-- in a jewel makes it less valuable.


(A) fragment (B) facet {C) flaw

12- Honeysuckle is :r ptant that has white or yellowish blossoms.


(A) elderly {B) fragrant {C} fiery

13. Sorne insects can detect the ultrasorric pulses that bats use to detect their prey
anci can thereflore the bats.
(A) evade {B} foregc (C) etectrig,-

14. The snovlr egret builds --- nest from a few twigs and pieces of grass.
(A) a faint [B) an c]:travagant {C} a flimsy
l5- \[rkr,:nlightening strikes sand, the inf ense heat somt:Limes the grains of
sand into lhin glass tubes calied ful,11urires.
{A) falters (ti) faste:rs (C) fuses

t6- A c<rmmon carrie:r is a company ttrat provides public tralsportation for a -.


(A) tee {B) fabte {C) flarv

MINI.LESSON 3.7
gala a{' festive' happll. gorgeous <rd. attrar:ti,",e, gullibte od,r-.innocent. naive,
-io*,'o'r" br:=::::fu! i ! . t ; * c i ; n s .c r e c u l o u s
gap n. break, breach, g:rade n. quality, value,
opening worth harnper u. delay, obslruct,
ge.rrulaus cci1. iaikative graphic iiinde.. biock
acii- clear. r_jKplicit,
gaudy a{'. shou4r, flashy, vivid haphazard a{. random.
conspicuous grasp u. (l) grab, sejze. grip chance, aimless.
genial a{1. pleasant. c, rdial. (2) undeistand unplanned
agreeable grave a{i. serior:s, g,rievous hardship n- difficully. trouble
gentle a{1. mild, kind, griegarious hru'ru u- injure, danage
a{,'. sociirble.
considerate friendly h&rnony n. accorcl.
$enuine ad- authenti<:. real, cc!-. severe, drt:ary, agreement' peace
€rirn
- r'alid bleak. somber harness u. control, utitize
$litter u' sparkle. shine. grip u. hold, grasp. r;eize: harsh a{-. severe, rough.
' glisten n. hold. giasp. pr:ssession strict
glory n' gratrdeur' nrajesty. gr:ueling a{. exhar-(;ting. trasty odj- quick. rushecl,
lanle c l i { - f i c r , r l at .r d u o u r s ; hurried

436 Section 3 Guiric ro Reaclirr{


bazardous a{. dangerous, hinder u. block, obst11ct, huge a{/. enormous, giant,
risky hamper colossal, immense
heed u. obey, listen to. mind, hoist u- lift, raise, pick up huil u. pttch, throw. fling
follow hue n- color, tint, shade

Directions: Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with vocabularl,
items (A), (B), or (C) accorciing to the contexl oi the sentences.

I. During the constmctlon o[ s$scrapers, cranes are used to -=-- building


rnaterials to the upper floors.
(A) hurl :
(B) harness C) hoist

2. The 26 mile long Boston Maratlron is a foot race.


(A) gorgeous {B) grueling tC) hasty

3. Dams carr --- the power of rivers, but they may also destroy their beauty.
{AJ heed (B) harness (C) hurl

4. The more iacets a diamond has. the more it


{A) glitters (B) harms (C) hinders

5. Many people celebrate the New Year with parties.


(A) gata (B) grueling (C) haphazard

6. Think it over for a while: don't make a decision.


(A) genuine (B) gullible (C) hasty

7- Bad weather -=--- tfre rescue crews trying to locate the life rafts.
iA) hampered (B) grasped (C) harnessed

8. Gorillas look ferocious but are actually quite creatures.


(A) gaudy' {B) gentle (C) gorgeous

I' Con artists are criminals who take advantage of + people by tricking them
and taking their nronev.
tA) garmious (B) grim (Ci guiiible

Io.Arecent'studysholr,edihatagrici:itureisthernost
(A) hazardous (B) genial (C) haphazard

I I' At Harper's Ferry. West Virginia, the Potomac River has cut a,plcturesque ..-._--
t through thc Blue Ridge Mountains
(A) grip (B) glory (C) gap

12' Wool from different sheep. or even wool from different parts of the same sheep. is
not all of the sanle
(A) lrarrrrorr.\, (B) grade (C) hardstrip

Section 3 Guide to Reading 437


I3. J'he in l"erior o [ A ] a s ] r a h a s b n e f s u m m e r s a n d long, -- winters-
(A) grave {B} harsh (C) hu8e

t 4 _ Animais thit live in herds or packs are considered


(A) has;ty iB) gregariorrs {C) gullible

MINI-LESSON 3.8
idea n- concept. notion, increment ru increase. :rrnount initial o4i. original, first.
thought indifferent q4j. uncan:lg. beginning. introductory
ldeal n. model, standard; apathetic, unconcer ned innate a{f. natural, irrborn
a{. perfect, model. indigenous innocuous a{,y'.harmless.
aQj. native
standard
indir;pensable naJ. nec,:ssary, inoffensive
idle a4l'. {1) inactive, unu:sed,
essential. vital, critica] intense ad. porverful,
inert (2) la4r
indistinct a{i.unclear, heightened. concentrated
illusion n. (1) fantasy,
blurry, ha4' intricate ad: complicated,
delusion (2) an errone,)us
induce u. persuade, complex. involved
perception or concept
convince. coax irate ad,j. angry, furious,
lllustration n.picture,
inept ad. incomperenl. upset
drawing, description
arvkward, clrrmsv
imaginary a4'. unreal, jagged a{i. rough, rugged,
fantasUc. fictitious inexorable ad.unstopltable
une\ren. irregular
lmaginative o{.creative. infarnous c i d y 'n. o l o r i r r r r . , .
jeopardy n- danger, hazard,
ciginal, clever shocking
risk, threat
imlrrense a{,y'.huge. infinite a{.limit}css,
jolly adj. joyful, happ)',
enormous, massive, rndless, boundless
cheerful, jovial
colossal infiuitesimal c{. tiny,
jolt u. shcck. jar, sha-ke up,
impair u. damage, injure. :ninute, rninuscule
surprise: n. blorv,
spoil ingerrious rr{-brilliant. srrrprise, shock
impartial a{/. fair. unbiased, :,maginative, clcr.eL.
neutral :nventive keen a4.(l) sharp
implerrent u. realize, ingerruous a{j- naive. t2) shre'.vd, clever. bright
achieve, put into practice, lrusting. guiiibie {3} eager, enthusiastic
execute: n. tool, utensit. inhabit u. iive, drvell. reside, k"y a{. principle, cn:cial.
instrument populatt: important
incessant ad.constant, inhiblt u. control, limit, knack n. skill, abili$.
lc;scless, .ti;i :i_i.iucus i esirain ztpiiiii'jc, ialent

Directions: Corrrpie le tirr: lollorvtng sintencc:j by filting in the blanks lvith vocabutary
items (A). (B). or (C) accortling to the context cf the sentences.

l. Many people feel that Hawaii has an alrnrtst climate.


(A) idle (B) impartial {C} ideal

2. A plorv ir; a farm usecl to break u1; soil and prepare the land for planting.
(A) increment (Il) knack (C) implement

3. A laser Ltses a syntlretic ruby to concentrate light into an extremely -*=- high-
erlerQv lteant.

(A) interrsc (B) indistinct (C) incessanl

438 Section3 Guicle to llcaclirrg


4. Jesse James was aIt outlaw, well known as a bank robber and gun

fighter.
{B) ingenuous (C) infamous
{A) inept

5. Antibiotics the growth of bacteria

(B) jolt (C} lnhtbit


{A} inhabit

ABCD

€---+
6. Line A-B appears to be longer than line c-D, but tf.is is an optical - _
(A)illusion(B)ideal(C)illustration

7. Stockholders may be too to vote in corporate elections. so they let


management vote for them bY Prory.
(A) lnfamous (B) tndtfferent [C) tngenious

8. The heaviiy populated states of California, Texas, New York, and Florida are
states for any candidate in a presidentiaf election'
(A) initial (B) impartial (C) keY

9. A wirus is so -- that it can be seen only with an electron microscope'


{Ai infinite {B) intrtcate (c} in{initesimai

1O. The --= character Fa-lstaff is one of Shakespeare's finest comic creaUons'
(A) keen (B) jollY (CJ irate

}I.Anyonecal}earrtbasiccookingsklIls:youdon,tneedaspecial
(A) knack {B) idea (C) imPtement

L2. Alcohol one's abilitli to drive.


(A) jotts {B) imPairs [C) induces

:3. Tie -_- prcpl: ci +-r::.i:aila we:e calltd a-bariginesby ttre European'se'r-iiei-s'
(A) indigenous (B) ingenuous (C) innate

14. The rhinocer-os has a poor st:nse of sight but --.--_ sense of smell-

[A) an immense (B) an inept [C) a keen


'I5.
The equator is - - line running around the center of the Earth.
(A) an imaginative (ts) a Jagged (C) an imaginary

I6- A glacier's progress is siorv but


(A) indispensable (B) inexorable (C) intricate

17 The - snake, often spotted in yards, parks, and gardens, is


,garter
sonretilncsrrristaliert for a venomous snal<e.
(A) irate (i3)rngenuous (C) innocuous

Section 3 Guidc to Reading 439


MINI-LESSON 3.9
lack u. need. require, nc't lucrative aQ;. profitaL,le, massive ar$. huge. giant.
have; n. shortage. money-making colossal, immense
absence, scarcity lufl u. soclthe, caim, qrriet: mernorable a4i.
la$ u- fall behind, go slorvly n. pause. break unforgettable. imPressive.
striking
lavish a{j. luxurious, lure u- atiract. temPt.
plentiful. abundant entice mend u. lix rePair
lax a{;'. careless, negligent, lurid a{1'. shocking, mild adi. gentle, rnoderate.
!oose sensational, graPh c calm, temPerate
legendary a{. mythical. lurk u. prr:wl. sneak. hide mingle u. blend, combine'
fabled, famous . mix
luster n- shine, radiallce,
legitimate ad. proper, brightness minute a{. tinY, mirrrrscule,
auttrentic. I'alid infinilesimal
luxurious ad. lat'ish,
letbargic ad;'. siow, Iistless, elegant, plush monitor u. observe, rvatch
sluggish, la4r moral adj. honorable' ethical
likely c{'. probable, magnificent adj. majcstic. rnorale n. sPirit, confidence.
plauslble, credible impressirre,sPlendid attitude
linger u. remain. stay ma5lnitude n- size, exi,ent. murky a{.1'.unclear, cloudY,
link u. join. connect, fasten. amoun[ foggr, dark
bind: n. connection, tie mandatory a{. necest;ary. mysterious a4i. Puzzling.
long u- desire. rvish for obligatory, compul:;ory strange
lucid a{;'. ciear. plain. rnar r-r-darnage. ntin. r.eface, mythical o.Qj.legendaq"
understandable spoil imaginary. fictional

Directions: Conrplete the follorving sentences by fiiiing in the blanks with vocabulary
items (A), (tl). or (C) according to the context of the sentences.

l. Medieval books cail:ri bestiaries cont.airred pictures ancl descriptions ol

creatu::es such as u , n i c o r n s a n d d r a g o n s

{A} nrandatory (tl) lax (C) mythical

2. In coloniai times, cod fishing off the coast of New England was a __.---
occupation.
{ A } ! ri ; - ; - . ' : - - iF) ietiiar5!l {C) !r:crat!..'e

? Parents often sing t o c h i l d r e n t o - - - . - , . . them to sie-ep-

tA) lurit tB) lure (C) iuil

4. Jttlius Caesar is knr>rvn not only for his rnilitary and political skills but also for
his ___-, informative writing,
(A) lucicl [B) lurid tC) Iavish

A cobbier damaged shoes.


(A) mals (B) n-rends (C) lacks

t) One o[-the ----' e x h i b i t s o [ I m p r e s s i o e i s t a r t i s f o t r u c t at the Art Institt"tf e o f


Chicag,l.
(A) ntihJt'st {lJ) nrost r-rt<:morablc tC) nrost lucid

44o Section3 Grriclt: to llcaclin{


7 . Quarks are -=-_ particles that are believed to be the fundamenta-l unit of matter.
(A) massive (B) minute (C) mythical

B . Paperback novels in the i94os and I95Os often had covers to attract
readers'attention.
(A) lurid (B) murlry (C) legiUmate

9. One problem caused by a rising crime rate is d --._----:- of space in prisons.


(A) lag (B) lack (C) link

to. The -.- l u m b e r j a c k P a u l B u n y a n a r l d his giant blue ox Babe are two of the
most famous figures in American folklore.
(A) legendary' (B) moral (C) likelY

I ]. The transcontinental railroad, the East Coast with the West Coast, rvas
completed at Promontory Point. Utah in 1869_
(A) linking (B) monitoring {C) mingling

MINI-LESSON 3.10
negligible ad;'. unimportant. odd a{. strange, unusual, overcast acii. cloudy,
trivial peculiar, curious gloomy
nimble o{i. graceful, agite offspring n. young, children, overcome u- subdue. defeat.
notable a{'. remarkable, descendants overwhelm
conspicuous, striking ominous a{/.threatening, overlook u. ignore, disregard.
aotlfy u. inform, tell menacing, dangerous neglect
notion n. idea, conceFl, opulent aQl. luxurious, oversee u. supervise,
'
thought plush, affluent manage. direct
notorious a{- infamous, ornamental a{. ornate, oversight n. error, mistake,
disreputable decorative, elaborate omission
novel adi. new, innovaUve outgoing a4j. {Il open. overt a{. open, obvious.
friendly {2) departing, conspicuous
objective a{. fair. impartihl, leaving overtake u. catch up rvith.
unbiased, neutral; outlook reach
n. (l) opinion, view
n. goal, pul-pose. aim (2) prospect, forecast ovemrhelm u. (l) astonish.
cblorig acg. c.-i astounci. shock
outstanding cr47-.
excellent.
obscure a{. unfamiliar, excepticnal, notable, well- (21inundate, enguii (3)
arnbiguous. liitie- knoiwt known conquer, defeat, ot"ercome
r-rbsolete a{''. antiquatcci, our overall a{. general,
of date, outnroded comprehensirre

Directions: Complete the foltorving sentences by filling in the btankS rvith vocabulan'
items (A), (B), or (c) according to the context of the
"ent".r.es.
I.Tl'reblackcloudsofagatheringthurrderstormlookquite
(A) ominous I '
(B) negligible (C) overcast

2- Pulig-er Prizcs are arvarded to .journalists, novelists, poets, and other


nrriters.
(A) objeclivc (B) outstarrding (C) notoriotrs

'441
S e c t i o n3 Gur'clc to Rcacling
3. An --_'-- plant is cultivated chiefly fo: its beauty,
(A) oprrlent {B) obscure [C) ornamental

+. Franklin D. Roosevr:lt',','asable to his physical handicaps: he didn't


permit tJ-em to lnterfere with his lMng a vigorous life.
{A) oversee {B) overconte [C) overtake

5 . The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains


so mar$r references.
iA) notable [B) obscure (C) obJective

6. The Bessemer process was once the most common method of making steel' but
today this process ir; considered _---,.
iA) odd (B) novel {c) obsolete

7 - Doliey Payne Madisc,n, the rvife of Presic.ent James Md.dison. impressed the city of
\\rashington rvith her stylish clothes anct warm. manner-
(A) nimble (B) ominous (C) outgoing

B- The toun plarrning commission said thar their financial for the next fiscai

year was optinristic; thelt 6',v*"t increast:d tax revenues.

[A) out]coh {B) oversigh'. (C) notion

9. Tire nevr play was so successful ttrat the demand for Uckets was _-'---.

{A) odd {B} overq'helrning tC) negiigible

lO. A booh's table of conLents provides readr'rs with an idea of rvhat the book
is about.
(A) outgoing {B) overt (C) overall

Il. Because ultraviolet light from the Sun can penetrate clortds. it is possible to get a
sunbrrrrr on an --,- day.
(A) obscure {B} overcast {C) r:vert

.
12. Altl-rough tire accident appeared serious. only a amount of damage $'as
.: o I'lil

(A) novel (B) notable (C) negligible

MINI.LESSON 3.1i
pace n, rate. speed path n. trail. lrack. rvay, percelve u. observe, sense.
palnstaklng a{. careful. route notice
conscientiolrs,' tl'roroutrglr peculiar acU. (l) strange. odd. peril n. danger, hazard, risk,
pale ad;'. rvhite. colorless. fatled F,uzzling [2) distinctive, threat
characteristic. unique,
paltry o{-. urrinrportant.. perpetual ad. constant,
special
ntinor. trir.iarl cnclless. eterual
penetrate u. enter, go
particle rt. 1>icce
. bi(. tirrotrgl'r. 1>ierce. perplexing a{. puzzling.
fragltlcnt 1tu rrct tt re rnystifying, con [u sing

442 Section3 Ctrick: Io f.lcarlir'rg


pierce u. penetrate, precise a{'. accurate, exact, profound' a4l- important'
puncture, stab definite signiflcant, deep
pivotal a{'. important. key, prernler a4. (f} ffrst, profuse a{. plentrful,
cmcial opening, earliest. inittal abundant. coplous
plausible adj. likeiy, credible, (2) chief, leading, pro6Pt a.{/. punctual,
believable foremost timely
pleadr u" appeal, beg presslng a{. urgent, cmcial; prosp€r u. flourish. thrive.
plush ad. h:xurious, compelling succeed
opulent, rich. eiegant pretert rL excuse, pretense, provoke u. (U iritate, anger'
ponder u. consider, think Justlfication annoy (2) cause' trigger
about, reflect on prevail u. succeed, win, prudent ad. careful.
portion ru share, part. triumph sensible. cautious
section. segment prevalent a{;'- common, pulverize u. cmsh. grind.
, postpone u. delay, put off, widespread' popular .powder
'prior
defer a{. earlier, preceding. pungent adi. bitter. harsh,
potent a{. strong, porverful. former bittng. sharp
effective probe u. invesU$ate, inquire pursue u' chase, follow'
Pounce u. Jump. leap, spring into seek
. prccious a{. expensive, procure u- obtain, acquire, puzzling a{i- mysti$ring'
costl5', 131s secure confusing' baffling

Directions: Complete the follorving sentences by filling in the blanks rvith vocabulary
items (A), (B). or (C) according to the conte)d of the sentences.

l- Turquoise is not valuable enough to be classi,tied as a - stone.


(Ai pcrpetual (B) pale (C) precious

2. The invention of the lever was of importance.


(A) potent (B) profound (C) premier

3. Hospitais de{ine urgent care as medical care given to somewhat less

medical problems than emergency care.

{A} perplexing (B) pressing (C): prudent

4. Tool makers must have the abilitv to rvork very ---- in order to meet exact
s p e c i f ! < : ai i r ; : : s

(A) precisely (B) profoundiy (C) plausibly

of dust in the air may trigger allergies ln sorne people.


(A) Portions (B) Pretextd (C) Particles

6- When a tiger spots its prey, it crouches down and then --i--
..T.
(A) pleads (B) ponCers (C) pounces '

7. X-rays cannol -=- lead.


(A) provoke , (B) penetrate (C) pursue'

8. Sherlock l{oir-nes. a fictional deteclive. solved manv crimes.


(A) puzzling (B) prc.ralent (C) pronrPt

Section 3 Guide to Reaclin5i 4a


9. Mallows are plants that $row ir: prairies, wood:;' and marshes'
(A) profuseiy (B) profounlly (C) prectously

IO. Certain spices give foods a -_=-- tastt:-


(A) painstaking {B} pungent {C) pale

1 t. Trade with Britain and the West Indies allowed colonial seaports such as Boston
to--.
(A) postpone (B) provoke (C) prosper

L2. A -- investor never takes unnecesi;a-ry financial risks'


(A) perplexing (B) Prudent tC) premier

t3. To make cement, lirnestone is first and the resultlng powder is then

mixed with clay ancl water at high temperatures'


(A) picbed {B} pulverizcd [C) pierced

i4. Outbreaks of cholera and other disease:; were .-.-_-- in minin$ carhps during the

california gold rush because of t]-e cro';,rded,unsanitary conditions.


(A) pec,uliar (B) plausibl': [C] prevalent

15. Only a small of Carisbad Caverl in Nerv Mexico has been tighted :rnd
openec,to visitors.
(A) perii (B) portion (C) Pace

I6. Acting teacher Stell;r Adier plavecr- a ----- role in t}-e development of the Method

school of acting.
{A} pir,:tal (B) precious {Ci plush

MINI.LESSON 3,72
qualnt a{- charming. wander; n- scope, el(tent. refuge n. shelter, haven'
pictureseue. curious spectrl-lm retreat
quake u. shiver, shake. rash a{. thoughtless, reheanse u. Practice. irain' go
'
tremble careiess. reckiess o\tei:

c.uania:-= n. prcbic=, .,i'F ;ir-. il I re!iabls :-l- cePtndat-rle'


";l:oc,ll=--
dilemma. predicament, (2) unprocesseci. trustworthY
quarrel n. argurnent, disllute, unrefined. crude relistr u. enjoY. savor. like
disagreement raze u. demolish, level, knock rernedy n- Ureatment, cui'e
quest n. search. journey, down rernnaJrt n. r'emainder.
venture recede u. retreat, go be.ck, balance. fragment
subside. withdraw rernote a{;'. isolated' distant
radiant a{. bright, sl-riny,
reckless a{- rcareless, rash renowned ad. famous'
glo\ving
recolleet u. recall, remember celebrated. notable
rugged a{. torn, tatlered,
worn reco'unt u. narrate, tell resent u. dtslike. take offense
at
range u. (I) extend. \'ary. refirre u. improve, process.
fluctuate {2) roant. purify retract u- withdrarr'. Prrll back

444 Section 3 Guiclc to Rcadirrg


riddle n- puzzle. mystery roam u. travel, wander, range rugged o4j.G) jagged, rough,
dgid o4j.(Ll stiff, unbending rough arli- (I) uneven, jagged, uneven (2) strong, sturdY
(2J harsh, severe. strict rugged {2) difficult runor a{J. gossiP, story
(3) impolite
rip u. tear, cut, slash rural a{i. agricultural
route tr. way, course, path,
rlpe a{'. mature, developed ruthless ad. cnrel, brutal,
road
vicious
risky a{. dangerous, rudimentary ad,p'.elementary,
hazardous. treachcrous fundamenta!, primitive

Directions: Complete tl.e followingl sentences by lilling in the blanks with vocabulary
items iA). (b), or {C) according to the context of the sentences.

i. Motorists can be fined for drivino


(A) recklessly {B) reliably (C) rigldlY

2. Musicians have to before performing.


{A) refrearsq (B} resent (C) recollect

At the end of the Ice Ages. glaciers began to


(A) quake {B) raze I f-\
tv,
vaaeAa
r rlvsv

4. Big Sur. a wild section of California's coasUine, is known for its beauty-
(A) ragged (B) rash (C) rugged

5. Wetlands provide for many species of birCs, reptiles, mammals. and


amphibians.

{A) t'iddles (B) refuge (C) rumors

6. Wrecking balls are used to buildings.


tA) rip (B) quake (C) raz.e

7. The northernmost section of the Roclry Mountains. the Brooks ffange. ls located
in a '
section of Alaska.
(AJ remote (Bi ruiirless (C) radiant

8 IJc4s can h:.=r + rr!:eaicr .---rf


scund.s than hurnans

{A) remnant (B) quandary (C) range

9. Visitors to Verrnont delight in the beauUful scenefy and picturesque r.illages and
enjo)' staying ir-l son-reof the country inns there-
(A) rouglr (B) ragged (C) quaint

lO. materials have less economic value than processed materials. i


(A) Rarv (B) Rash (C) Renowned

I l - Many medieval stories dealt rvith such as the story of the search for the
Holl' 5'13i1-

(Ai qrrarrels (B) quandaries (C) quests

Section3 Grricle to Ileaclirrq 445


'bring to farmers in the
L2- The Tennessee Vallt:y Authtlrity helped cheap electricity

Souttr.
(A) reliabie iB) rural {C) rug€led

13. Bobsle,Cdingis a fas't, --- sporl'


(A) rislry [B) quai;:t (c) npe

^r-endedto follow the --t!+ of rivers


14. Quite lcgically, earll, roads tn North Arn:rica
(A) renredies (B) routes (C) quandaries

15. AIex Haley's novel'Roots the hisl.ory of an American family beginnlng ln


t] e micl-17OOsin Africa.
(A) recounts (B) refines [C) relishes

MINI-LESSON 3.13
salvage u. save, rescue. severe o4l'. (l) harsh. si,rict' signify u. s5rmbolize,stand
recover. retrieve austere [2] undecor:rted, for, indicate
scale u. climb: n. (I) rangt:. Plain simulate u. imitate, reProduce
spectrum {2} proportton shatter u. ltrea.k. smaslt, sketch u. draw: ru drawing'
scarce aQj. rase, sparse fragment picture. diagram
scatter u. disperse, sprea<l sh.eer a4. (1) steep. shtrrP, slender a@'.lhin, slim, slight
:rbrupt {2) transPare nt, stuggish a{. slow' listiess'
scent n. aroma, fragrance,
tlin. filmv Iaqg, lethargic
odor, smell
shimmer u^ shine, glou', sly a{. cunnin$, clever.
scrap u. abandon, get rid of;
glisten, glearn shrewd
n. piece, fragment
shred u. rip up, tear uP soak u- wet, drench' selturate
seasoned o{i. experienced,
veteran shrewd a{. clever, siy solace n. comfort.
secluded ad. hidden, shrill acij. piercing, high- consolation, relief
isolated. secret pitched sornber a{'. serious. gra\te'
sensational a{. thriiling. shun u- avoid, stay arva'r solemn
exciting, shocking liom sort u. classiS, categorjze:
aerene ad. quiet, peaceful, shy a{1. timid, reser-'red n. $Pe. kind, varlety
calm. tranquil signltEcart adj. important, sound c{. safe, solid' secure:
sever u. cui. siice oii viial, lnzu;l ii. :'!oise

I)irections; Complet-e the following scirtence s by filiing in the blanks rvith rrocabuiary
items iA), tB), or (C) according to the context of the sentences'

l. One o[ lhe most poprrlar peaks for mountain cllmbers to .-_-- ls El Capitan tn

Yoseruitr: National Park


(A) scalt: (B) soal< {C) shun

2. Grey fox.es are not particulariy rare animals. but they a're seldom seen because

thelr 219 so ---.----.

(A) sluglisli (B) somber (C) sl'ty

3. worl<ers are more valuable to errrployers lhau beginners'


(A) Shriil (B) Seasoneci iC) Sluggisft

446 Section 3 Gr"ricic' lLo Ilcad itr{


4. The Shakers Lverea strict religious group that '-_-- worldly pleasure'

(A) scrapped (B) shunned {C} sketched

5.ThecityofDenver'splantobuildasubwaysystemwasint}rel97os.
(C) scrapped
,^l ^ ^-^--ai

(A) scattered {B} sorted

.
. 6- Even after a ship has sunk. its cargo can often be --=-

(A) severed (B) shattered (C) salvaged

economy moving again


7 Some eqonomists believe that the best way to get a -

..is to cut taxes.


(A sensational (B) sluggish tC) shrewd

g. Governmenl bonds :rnd blire-chip stocks are .----- investments'

(B) shY (C) scarce


{A) sound
j ' paralysis results'
9. If a person's spinal cord is
(A) soaked (B] severed (C) salvaged

1O- Silk is a -- labric.

(A) sheer {B) shrervd {C) slender

i I. A grcen fl.g _ __ the beginning of an automobile tace.

{A) scatters {B) sirnuiates iC) signifies

pulp. rags, or old paper-must be -._-''--- and


12. The raw materials o1paper-rvood

cleaned before tht paper-rnaking process begins-

(B) shredded (C) sketched


tA) severeci.

t3- A home aeuanum slrould a fish's rratural habitat as closely as possible'

{A) soak tB) simu'^ate [C] salvage

th"
14. Foxfire is an cerie blue light. often seen in srvamps, that is caused b)'

natural burning of methane from decaying plants' .

(A) serene (Fj sorribcr (C) shimmenng

i . 1I N ! - ' : -= S 3 + i " : 3 . i ! +
sovr u. plant spell n- int3rval. period, time encourage, provoke;
n' inducement' stimulus
6pan u. extend, bridge, spirited adj; livety. energetic,
connect: n- length. extent. vigorous stable adi. steady. secure'
range splendid o{. exceilent. stationary' fixed
6pawn
- u. generate. create, superb, wOnderful stage u. present. put on:
produce; n. offspring. spoil u. tI) ruin. mar n. grade, step, level.
descendants (2) decay. deteriorare, phase
specific ad. defir-rite. decompose, rot stain u. color, tint. discolor.
particular, exact spot u. locate. find. see: .. dye; n. spot. mark,
speiimen n. cxarnple. sample rr- (i) location. site blemish
spectacular ad. cirarnatic. 12) nrark. stain- :spCck stale a{;-. (I} old, dry (2) dui
sensational. irnitrcssive spur u. stinrulate . inrpel, trite. uninteresting

Section 3 Guide to Reacting


stall u. halt, delay, put off strrbborn a@. ngid. superb ad- excellent.
uncolnPromising. splendid
stately acu. dignified, grand,
'magnificent. elegant obstinate supplant u. replace,
sttudy ar{1. strong, nigged, substltute for
steep a@. sheer, perpen<licular
wetl-built
stern adj. firm, severe, r;trict, supple ad. pliable. llexible.
' subsequent a{. later, bendable
harsh
succeeding, following,
atrenuous a{.difficult, ensuing sw6ry u. (l) wave, rock. swing,
arduous bend (2) persuade,
subtle a4j. indirect,
influence
strlfe n, corrflict, disputr:. suggestive. lmpliett
struggle suitable rr{i. appropriate, sweeping5 adi. comPlete'
exhaustive, general,
strive u. attempt, try correct, apt
comPrehensive
struggte u. fight. argue, surnmit ru peak, apex, zenith
dispute; n. conflict, strife, swlft ad. fast, quick. raPtd
sundry a{;'- miscellan:ous,
battle, effort diverse, various swivel u. rotate, sPin. turn

Directions: Complete the followirrg senten(:es by fitling in lhe blanks with vocabulary
items (A), (B), or (C) according to the contexl of the sentences.

i. High pressure cells may bring brief rvarrn even ln the middle of winter.
[A) struggles (B) spelts (C) spans

2 . The --._-_ cliffs of the Na Pali coast oir the Hau'aiian island of Kauai ristl over

4,OO0 ;eel fron-r the sea.

{A) swrft (B) steep tC) subtie

.)" The process ol refining oil i-nvolvesa nurnber of


(A) specimens (B) spots (C) sbges

4- In high winds, slcysr:rapers wrii --- slightiv


{A} srvivcl iB) swav (C) stali

Severe lhunderstorros may toriiadoes.

{A) spoil {B) stnve (C) spawn

6. Thc snow-covered of Mount Hood is the highest point in the state of


Oregon.
(A) spur (B) sumnrit (C) span

7. D. W. C;riffith rvas the first director of _ ___ filrns. These were movies nrarje on a
colossai scale.
(A) stateiy (B) suitable (C) spectacular

B. Cheetairs are tl're of atl land mar-nmals. with top speeds of up to 70 miles
per hour.
(A) stal:st (B) subtlest (C) srviftest

I S a l t c a r r b e u s e d to l(eep meat from


(A) struggling (B) spoiiing {C) stalling

44s Section3 Cuicle to Readinc


lO. Because tJrey must be able to break a path through icebound waters, icebreakers
have to be verv boats.
(A) siately (B) sturdy (C) suPPle

I1. According to studies, most people who divorcc --- remarry-

{A} speci{icaliy {B) subsequentlv (C) stubbornlY

12. A roadbed supplies a base for a higirway.


(A) stable (B) sundry {C) sweePing

13. Every year. the Folger Shakespeare Librar5r in Washington, D-C. a number

of plays.
(A) stalls (B) stages (C) sPans

L4- Farmers sometimes crops such as timothy or clover and then plorv them
under the soil 1o increase its fertility.
(A) supplant (B) spur {C} sow

15. The geographical center of the North American continent is a ---- near Drake.

North Dako+.-a.
(A) spot (B) stage (C) summit

i6- Many medical tests rcquire a blood


(A) spell [B] specimen (C) stain

17. Because of their protective coloration. ghost crabs a-re hard to


{A} spur (B) spawn (C) spot

18. The Virginia reel is a - dartce mainly performed by children.


(Ai stale (B) spirited (C) suPPle

MINI-LESSON 3.15
'rac+" n. ri,ipic:naci.', rliscre!!c::. teiiiperg'r-e crj. dld. thrive u. prcsPe!:, flour-ish
poise moderate thwart u. prerrent. imPede.
tale n. story temptl.ng arlj. allunng, gbstruct
inme u. domesticate. ::lastei, attractive, enticing tidings n- news, message
a{. docile. domesticated, tender a4l-. (t) delicate. soft titt u. incline. sloPe
gentle {2) gentie, loving (3} sore. tirnid ac!. fearful, shi'.
tarnper (with) u. interfere painful retiring
(with) ttraw u. melt, warm up tint n. color, hue, strade.
talgle u. knot, twist: thorough acij- complete, tone: u. color. stain' dYe
n. knot comprehensive tirisome ar{;'. tedious. dull'
ta-rt a{. sour. tans/. piquant thorou$hfare n.avenue, boring
taunt u. insult, mock, street toil u. labor, rvork:
tornrent thrifty ad. economical, n. exertion' labor, rvt)rk
tedious a{. boring. dull. inexpensive tolerant a{'. PaUent'
tiresorrte thrilling ac!-.exciting. imPartial. oPen-minded
telling a{. effective. stimulating. stirring, torment u. taunt. abuse.
co nr"incirrg, forceftrl electrillrillg bully

S e c t i o n3 Guide to ReaclinQ 441''


adj. dangerous. trivial a{'. unimPortant.
torent n. flood, deluge treaclrerous
ttazardotrs ntinor
tough a{;'. durab}e, strong
n. ddP, leak tryrn$ a{. demanding.
tow u. haul, draw. Pull, dr;rg trickle
difftcult' troublesome
todc a{'. poisonous, noxi(tus triumph n- victory, SLICCCSS,
achievement: tug u. Pull. draw:
trait n.characteristlc,
u. win. succeed, prevail n. Pull
feature, qualitY

with vocabulary
Directions: Complete tl.e foliowing sentence-', by filling ln the blanks
items (A), tB), or (C) according to the context ci the sentences'

1. Citric acid gives lemons and limes their --- taste'

G]) toxic [C) tart


[A) temp:rate

2. The use ,t[ robots has eliminated certain . -- factory jobs'


(I]) thriliing (C) Umid
(A) tedio'rs

has obviously
3. One shorrld never buy food or medicine i{ the packaglng
been --- .
(A) tangl.:d {u) thwartecl [C] tampered with

4. Alfred Hitchcock direc:led a n,rmber oi --_-_ psyciroiQgical drarnas; among the

most exciting were Psgclr.oand Norfh br1'ltrortiruesl


(AJ Umid [R) trivial
(C) thrilling

5. Tides artr caused by ti-re of thc M<;on's gravity'

(A) tangie (Il) torrcnt (C) tug

6. Many per)plc firld chor:olatc - -

(A) ternpting (Il) tencler (C) telling

'7 - in Atlanta
- Peachtree St"reel is th': rnain --
(A) triuniph {I}) thoroughfirre
(C) tale

-ote about insecticides


'.r'T and their -
B- In her book Silent Sprtng, Rachel Carson
effects oir anima! lil-e.
(A) tiresc'tne (Il) tencter (C) toxic

:1. li: ihe '.]t-sei-i, dr; c-,:cL'i:-llltrls ::::r;" iu:l i-ric' i:a-;;;i after hearry !-a!nsto!'ms'

(A-) tnckles (il) torrenls tC) toils

iO. Color-rial coral -.--- mainly lll warll). trrlpical rvaters.


(B) tames (C) tows
tA) thrivr:s
from one's
IL such as hair color and eye color 'lre inherited geneticallY
parenLs.
(A) Traits (R) Tangles tC) Tints

including
12. \\rashirrg,torr IrviDg coliected and interpret,ed many famous old -._-_.
the leger-idso f R i p V a r r W i n k l e a n d t h e H e a d l e s s H o r s e m a n -
(A) talcs ( 1 3 )t i d i n g s (Ci traits

45o Section3 Ctridc to Rcaclitr{


13. Wild rabbits are creatures that mainly rely on their keen senses of
hearing and smell to evade danger.
{A) Uresome {B} ttmid {C) treacherous

14- The Cura mater is a - protective membrane that covers the spinal cord and
brain.
(A) tender (B) tough (C) temPerate

MINI.LESSON 3.16
ultimate adJ. (tl conclusive. uproar n. disorder, vast adi. huge' enormous'
definite, final (2) disturbance, commotion extenslve, immense
maximum. highest urge D. encolrrage, advise, venomous adj' Poisonous
unbearable aQj. intolerable, implore verbose a{. talkative, wordY
agonizing urgent arij. pressing, verge ru brink. edge.
uncouth a{1. impolite, rrde. compelling threshold
r,rrlgar utensil n. tool, implement, vessel ru [1) container, bottle
underlying a4,p-.
fundamental. device (2) shiP
basic utter u. sai/, spe.ak; e{. toteJ, vex u. irritaie' anger' arrl-loy
undertake u.try, attempt absolute, compiete
viable a4'. tI) alive' Iiving
unglainly a{i. awkward, (2) feasible' PracUcal,
vacant a{j- emptv,
unskillfui
unoccupied Possible
uniform a{. consistent. vicinity n. area, Proximlty'
vague a{,p'.unclear,
regular
unccrtain, ambiguous zorre
unique a4. singular. one of a
vain a4l- tU useless. vigorous adJ. dYnamic'
kind. special
pointless, unsuccessfui energetic, spirlted
uqravel u. solve. explaln
[2) conceited, proud vitat ad. criUcal, crucial'
unndy a{i. unmanageable, valid a{i. genuine, authentic, key, essenUal
disorganized, disorderly iegitimate vlvid ad. clear, distlnct'
unsound ad. defective, vanish u. disappear. go graphic
faulty, unsafe away vow u- promise, Pledge'
uphold u. support, sustain variable a{. changeable, swear: n- oath, Promise'
upkeep ru rnaintenance shifting pledge

Directions: Complete the follorving sentences by filling in the blanks witJr vocabulary
!:3:.l.l- l:'i, i3l. :i ii-': ::cccrding'r; u.e conie::: cithe =enreilces.

l. T o b e f a i r . l a w s m u s t be -'---''--_ applied to all persons.


(A) urgerrtly iB) vaguely (C) uniformlY

2. Rattlesnakes are the mosi common snakes in the United States.


(A) ungainly (B) venomous (C) variable

3. The t eague of Women Voters all citizens to vote.


(A) urges (B) vexes (C) upholds
t:
4. ln his novcl Thc Red Badge o-f Courage, St'cven Crane describes a Civil
War battle.
(A) r'ivici11, {B) unilbrrnly (C) vitaltY

S e c t i o n3 Guidc Lo Reacling 45:


5- An Erien'rreyer flask iri a glass us< d in chemistry labs'

{A) vesse. (B) vow {C} verge

6. Aerobics is --.--- iorm of exercise.

tA} a viaL,le {i}) an uncoutll [C) a vigorous

areas in lts
7',. A metrop,clitan area consists ()f a centrai c ity and a.:nysuburban

(A) vicinity {B) vessel {Ci upkeep

B- Medical scientisls stiu do not fully underst-and the ..--.-.--'- causes of migraine

headaches.
(A) unrul:r (B) underlying (C) viable

role in maintaitrin$ health by removin$ impurities


9. The kidneys piay a --.-_*

from the bloodstream,


(A) valicl {B) viable (C) vita}

lO. The mlrttr of Narcissus tells the story of a handsoi-i"c but ]Ioung man
turns into a
who stares at his refler:tion in a pool of warter for so long thal he

flower.
(Ai vain (Bi unbearabit: {C) r'erbose

I L The fork lras been userl as an eating at ieast since the Svelfth centutv'

(B) utensii (C) urge


tA) vessel

L2" The Great Piains cover ------ area.


(ll) a viablc (CJ an ultitnate
{A) a vast

buciget must i.nclude funds for the -=-- on


13. A city's p:trk and recreation
' bulldings and grounds

iFj uprcai' {Bi ';erg-: iil'r i:PkeeP

14. Mary irrlunsfeldt scn:,: of the puzzir:s involving insects and the polltnation

of planls.
(AJ underr.ook tB) uptreld (C) unraveled

15. Linguists say tl"rat hundreds of the worid's languages nlay -__-- in the next

few decad:s because t5e number oI speakr:rs of these languages is dvnndlin$

rapidly. i

(A) r,anish {Bi uttcr (C) urge

16. A lack o[ltarhing spaces is a *-- probl,:m in nrosl cilies.

(A) uniqur: (ifi vacant (C) r'exin$

452 Section 3 Guide to Reaclirrr.{


MINI-LESSON 3.17
wage n- salary. pay, earnings wicked a{. evil, corruPt, wonder u. think about.
wFYrder u. roafiI, travel, range immoral speculate, Ponder
widespread a{. extensive, n- marvei. miracle
wsne u. shrink, decrease,
prevalent, s"veePing wound u. irtjure, hurt:
declirie
wily a{i. crafty, cunning, ru injury
ware n. good. merchandise
c !'-crr rri

rsarn u. aiert, caution, advise yearn u. desire, crave, want


wise ad. astute. pn:dent.
warning ru a-larm, alert intelligent yield u. (l) give uP, surrender
warlr u. deform, bend, tqrist (2) produce, suPPlY
withdraw u. reLreat, pull out.
ru production. outPut.
wary ar{.1'-careful, cautious, remove
crop
alerl wither u.dry, shrivel, wilt
weary a{. tired, exhausted, withhold u. reserve. retain, zealous a{. enthusiastic'
fatigued hold back eager
well-to-do ad. rich. wealthy, witty a{/. comic, clever. zenith n. Peak, ttP' aPex.
affluent amusing summlt
wtrolesome a{i.healthy, \poe n. trouble. distress, zorrre rL area, vicinttY' region
nutritious. benefictal SOITO.W

Directions: Compiete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with


rrnnol-,'Ia-r ifamc IAI tRl ^r /at onnn-Atna fn tlro nnnfavf nf ilrp cenfences
\r \/ ' lL// r vr \v,

1. If boards become ."vet. thev mav - -


(A) wither {B) yield (C) warp

2. Whole grains ancl fresh fmit and vegetables are --'--- foods.

{A) wicked (B) wholesome (C) well-to-do

You must be - when buying a used car: be sure the engine is in good
concirtion.
(AJ weary (B) zealous (C) wary

In the past, many saiesmen tried to sell their door-to-door.


(A) wares (B) woes (C) wages

q
F{umor-ist Will Roger-s wrote many newspape!- columns.
(A) wily (B) weary (C) witty

,l-,-.ngres: s:ts r-ir= :rilniraul;l -r'.'hich :s ine icw-esi aaiioi.rt-r'Lcf rncne3,'

workers ma1,be paid per hour.


(A) rvage [B] yield (C) zone

lnteiligent policies are needed so that public funds are used


(A) rvlrolesomely (B) zealously (C) wisely

8. The green rcvolution was a system of farming which depended on new varieties of

seeds and the increased use of irrigation and fertilizers. lt greatly increased

[armers'

{A) rvonders (B) yields (C) rvoes

S e c t i o n3 Guide to Readirrg 45
I' some :;uperstitions are familiar to manj' cultures' For example' there is a -.-
belief that black cats bring bad luck.
(A) wiciespread {B} wily (C} wicked

lO. A green belt is a parklike aroun'l a city in which development is not


permiti-ed.
(A) zenith (B) wound (C) zone

I l. George Ropes painted portraits of sea captains, prosperous merchants. and other

citizens of eighteenth century M,assachusetts.


(A) zeatous {B) well-to-clo {C) wicked

L2. ln his L96I book NLght Comes to the Cusnberlands, Harry M. Caudil painted a
grim picture of ttle of tl.e Appalerchian region.
(A) woes {B) rvares (C) Yrelds

454 Section 3 Guidc to Rcading


455
Mini-Lessons for Section B: Vocabulary Building

M i n i - L e s s o3n. 1
t. (A) 4. (A) 7. iA) ro. {C) t7. {B)
2. (c) i. (B) 8. {Bi tr_ tA} 14. (A}
3. (A) 6. (Bl e. (c) tz. (B) t5. (c)

M i n i - L e s s o3n. 2
l. {c) 4. tc} 7. iA} t0. (A) t3. (C)
2. (C) 5. {B) 8. (B) il. (B} t4. (C)
3. {A} 6. (B) e. (c} 12. (c}

Mini-Lesson
3.3
I. (C) 4. tB) 7. (A) rO. (Bl 17. (A)
2. (A) 5. (B) B. (c) il. (A) 14. (A)
3. (B) 6. (c) s. (Ai rz. (c)

M i n i - L e s s o3n. 4
I' (c) ]. (A) 5, (c) 7. (A) e. iB) rr (B)
2. (c) 4. (B) 6. {B} 8. tc) ro. (B)

M i n i - L e s s o3n. 5
I. (A) 4. (A) 7. (A) r0. (A) 13. (A) 16. (B)
2. (A) 5. (B) 8. iB) r r. {ci r4. (c) tz . tB)
3. (B) b. (C) s. {Ci t2. {B) 15. (A)

M i n i - L e s s o3n. 6
I. (B) 4. (B) 7. (C) io. (c) 13. (A) 16. (A)
2. (B)
3. ici 6. (c) 9. (A) t2. (B) 15. (c)

M i - ! - t e s : c n3 . 7
l. (c) 4. (A) z. (A) to. tA) 13. (Bl
2. iB) ,. {A) 8. (Bi r r. (c) 14. (B)
3. (B) 6. (C) e. (c) rz. (B)

Mini-Lesson
3.8
,,'I. (C) 4. (C) 7. (B) tO. (B) 13. (A) t6. (Bl
.?. (c) s. (c) 8. (cf I l. (A) t4. (C) t7. (c)
3. (A) 6. (A) e. (C) tz. (B) 15. (C)

M i n i - L e s s o3n. 9
l. (c) 3. (cl 5. (B) z. (B) s. (B) rL tA)
2. (C) 4. (A) 6. (B) 8. (A) t0. (A)
456

M i n i - L e s s o3n. 1 0
I. (A) 4" (B) 7. {C} r0. (c)
2. iB) 5. (B) 8. (A) rr. tB)
v. (c) 6. (c) 9. {B) t2" (c)

M i n i - L e s s o3n. 1 1
t. (c) 4. {A} 7. (B) r0" {B} 13. (B) r 6. iAi
2. {B) 5. (c) 8. (A) I I. (C} r 4. (c)
3. (B) 6. (C) e. (A) I2. (B) r5 . ( B )
M i n i - L e s s o3n. 1 2
I. (A) 4. (C) 7. (A) r o. (A) t3. {A)
2. (A) 5. (B) 8. IC) I l. (c) t4" (B)
v. (c) 6. (C) e. tc) t2. (Bi r 5. (A)

M i n i - L e s s o3n. 1 3
t. tA) 4. iB) 7. (B) i 0. (A) t3. {B}
2. tc) 5. rC) 8. (A) r r. (ci r4^ (c]
3. (B) 6. tC) 9. (B) t2. {B)

M i n i - L e s s o3n. 1 4
l. (B) 4. {B) 7. (C) IO. (B) 13. (B) r6 . ( B )
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