Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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These Mini-lrssons consist of iists of over 5OOwords and their synon]/rns as well as
,
pracUce exercises. Although vocabulary is nc longer tested in discrete ltems in Secuon
3, there are two tvpes of vocabulary-in-corrtext questions in the Reading section. These
exercises will improve your abitity to use context to choose the word iha'r best fits tnto a
: SEI-ItEDC€.
MINI.LESSON 3.1
--
abandon u. desert, leave irritate (2) intcnsify. reievant, proper (2) ltkely.
Lt"r"r"'irrr"\:('-'1'\i worsen I r'r'j'\
J-.,-"?:F]ld Pl9!€ -la"( - \111.,)n
qualified,fit #g;"g;;i"";j. entire.torat. arduous a{. difficuit. "
33t"^iS,$*capable,
gf:t1"t,ir.-:19'. ', '' - - ..
,r'l':, strenuous. exhauslinA
abmpt
"liTjp"te
a41. sriOden,.hasty, ,,,,i9fi:l:: ,.j. ;, .
agile arg. giaii:"fi4, nimble. arid
1.,s,;-_.u
aQj. dry. barren
nr',,'ir
j'
,,1-,,i
bii"rtl't:r' !(\\ 'i'Iq:rr) Y rn!'\ 14''! f .: ' i q
unefpgCted &roma
lively n. [lagralce, srre]I,
acclairn u. applaud. praise, ailment ru sickness. illness, odor, sce,nt ," I ',
\.i''.'i'tr* 11-r j(
honor; n. praise, ,.:..... ) \ \ 'i;'' '
li \
.r diSeaSe
_"
'
-_ arlificial a{. sr/rrlhetic. ,iln'rr:t
applause, honor allot u. dtr.'ide."di;Ubii. ) "tt .i., 'r:r-r-imitalion, nrartmade
,i:"L f.9. bitter, sharp. bting a{;. a3t,oni"iiihg. _ - , astoaishing criT'. surprising,
u- adjust. modilv "irrliir,g
astounding. surprising, amazing. astourrriing
"FeP!
srart-hng-1,",',,').,^'" astute a{. inlel}igent. ciever.cirf{'''
l-dSp: g4', l$1il1ui. expert , ,. g\ ';1r(1'-rJperceptive , i , , , : t ) , ) - , .i i - i . f l i t ' , . ' t \ . '
danetl' " t,. sticX, cling amiable aQj. agreeabie,,'-i.,' ,
' admonish congenial' pieasant 'l;-'l ,,^.1 attain u. abiomiifisii, acnteve
,, *.;fi. caution. ^ r" t
I' Penicillin can have an {A) effect on a person who is a-llergic to it.
, , ,,
(A) adverse l; r,i,-i,.l'--," tB) arDcious (C)
't . arvkward :
, $g I -,r -r,r . a\ tr'\^\'f f -\-''\
2. Burning rubl-;er produces an --- smoke.
(A) aciept (B) arid
\Bl acrid
Anthrul is gencral{y .n .---.--'.* of sheep and cattie. but may also be transrnitted
':
to hr-rrn:rtrs
(411ailnrerrl
{Ci at'ersion
7. Turtles their elgs after thel' lay them and never see their Jroung-
(Ai abandon (B) appraise tC) adorn
13. Perhaps the rnc,st evolution ary development. in penguins is a glard that
can remove salr_ from seawater-
!1,'. \r
on the plaf ilrt ,'t.td
t\LL i! \ _1 ' \
t
MINI-LESSON 3.2
' 1 ^ , 1 \ 1 : . ,, . , .
,1,
baffle u. confuse. puzzle.. beckon u. summon. call. bleached, paLe
mYsti[' signai bland a{;'. mild. tasteless,
balmy a{. mild, wa,inl belligerent a4j, hostile . dull
ban u. prohibit. forbia aggressive
blatnnt a{i. flagrant.
bar u. prerrenl obstruct. . beneficial a{,/. helpful, obvious. overl
block useful, advantageous
blend u, mix. mingle.
bb.rren a{- sterile. benevolent a4j. benign. kind. conrbine: n. rnixture,
unproductive, bl,:ak. compassionatr: combinaiion
lifeless bias n. prejudice bloorn u- blossortr. florver,
barter u. trade, exchanqe blanched o{. rvhitened, flourish
428 Section 3 Grri,le to lleactinll
blunder u. rnake a mistake: bond u. join. connect n- tie, brisk o4j.0t tively. quick,
n. error, mistake link, connection vigorous (2) cool, chi[y,
blunt a4l'. (I) unsharpened. boom u. expand, prosper: invigoratlng
dull (2) rude. abrupt, curt
n. opansion, prosperity, brittle aQj. fragila breakable.
blurry a{i. unfocused. grc.,vth weak
unclear. indistinct
brace u- support, reinforce bulky a{. huge. large,
bold a{1. brave, courageous
brilliant ttt bright, shiny, clumsy
bolster u. support, sustain, "4i.
radiant, danlng(2) buttress u. support, bolster,
- boost, buttress talented, gtfted, Artelligent boost
firectjlns: Complete t}-e follorving sentences by filling ln the blanks with vocabulary
items (A). (B), or (C) according to thi context of tl.e
"".,i.rr..".
l. Many llowers in the spring.
{A) blend (B) brace (C) bloom
2' The Virgin Islands, iocated in the caribbean.
have a __-_ climate.
{A) blurry {B) brittie (C) balmy
3. Before currencjr carne into use, people
used the system.
{A) barter (B) bluncier (C) bias
M I N I - L E S S ON 3 . 4
-
conlpieEaent i;, supplentenr, congregate u.assemble.
complete; n. supplement. cordial a{1. congenial. rvarm.
giather
addition triendly
-,,o::sFi.-_-::r:s
compiiment ai!,._i::iiciai;c, coiii'rgous a{l.poiire.
u. praise, Oatter, obvious, prominent
commend; n. praise. rellned. gracious
flaiiery conternplate u. think about. covert a{. secret. hidden
ponder, speculate
comprehensive a{i. conrple.te. cozy a4i. (l) comfortable,
controversial aej.
thorough, exhaustirre' warm {?i friendlv,
disputabie, debatable intimate. close
compll-sor-y a{,1..necessarl,,
convenient
obligatory, mandatorl, " a4j. accessible. crave u. desire. long for. hope
available, handy
concede u. adnrit. . for
conventional acll. standard,
. acknorvledge. rgcognize crooked adJ. lL) cun,ed,
ordinarlr, normal
conci:qe c@-. brief. slrort. trvisted. zigzag (21
:i cope with u. deal ruith, dishonest. corrupt
abbreviated
l1lal-ragc,l-ranclle
crucial
concrete a{1. tangible,
copious ' k e y o 4 , l ' .c r i t i c a l - d e c i s i v e .
specific, real od.i.abunclant.
aniltle, 1>lent_iful
crude o 4 j . ( l l r r - r d e .i n r p o l i t e .
Directions: Complete the following sentences by frlling in the blanks with voc:rbulary
items (A), (B), or (Ci according to the context of the sentences.
t. The us,: of seat belts is in many states; fallure to wear them may result in
fines.
(A) covt:rt iB) cruel {C) compulsory
2. Every summer, blacl< bears from all over southern Alaska along the
abstracls so readers can decide if it is w.:rttrwhile to read the full version of t].e
article.
(A) conr:ise (R) compreht:nsive (C) concrete
4. Before 1754. Britain and the North Americarr colonies had a relationship,
a day.
(A) cordial IBJ crooked {C) convenient
6. lnmbarri Street in Setn Frarrcisco, which zigzags rrp Nob Hill, is know'n as the
worldls :nost -_ street.
8. Ir{any lrrrnters wear Gl'ange and other bri;{ht coiors in or<ier to be as --'-* as
possible, and therefore arroid being shot l>y other hunters by mistake.
(A) cove::t (B) cmcial {C) conspicuous
lO. ' Workers in the senrice sector should be trained to act as *-- as posslble-
(A) cructely (B) courteou-.ly (C) curtly
MINI-LESSON 3.5
danp arfi. moiSt, wet, humid dim a{'. unclear, faint, d.ot u. are located in. are
dating adi. bold, courageous, indistincI scattered around:
brave din n. noise, clamor.
dazzl.ing a{'. shining, commotion dowufall n. collapse, ruin.
sparkling. blinding, brighr dire a{. desperate, grievous, ,destnrction
declare u. announce. serious doze u, sleep, nap
proclaim discard u. abandon. leave draw u. (l) sketch, make a
defective o{,1'.flawed. fiaulty, behind picture; (2) pull. attract
broken, malfunctioning dismal a{. gloomy, ' drawback n. disadvantage,
defiant aQj. rebellious. depresslng, drearlr weakness. flaw
insubordtnate disperse u. scatter, dreary a{,p-.dismal, gloomy,
detlcate a{. exquisite, fragile dislribute, spread bleak
delightfuf a{;'. charming, dispute n. argument. drench u. wet. soak
attractive, enchanting quarrel, debate. clash,
delusion n. illusion, dream. drowsy adj. sleepy, tired
feud
fantasy distinct dubious acil. doubtfui.
adj.discrete,
demolish u- tear dorlrn, separate, different skeptical, uncertain
destrov, wreck distinguished aQj. durable ad. lasting,
dense c.{.p'. thick, solid. celebrated, notable, enduring, resistant
P2'cked famous. r'lell-known drqell u. live, reside, inhablt
destst u- stop. cease, diwulge u. reveal, admlt, dwelling ru house, home,
disconUnue disclose residence
devlce n. instrument, tool. dogged a{. stubborn, dwindle u. decrease,
mechanisrn determjned, persistent diminish
devise u. invent, plan. figure domlnate u. rule, control. dyne'nlc a{/. energetic,
out forceful, active, vibrant
[;overn
Directions: Complete the foliorvrng sentences by filling in the blanks rvith vocabula4'
items (A), (B), or (c) according to the context of the senie.r".r.
l. The siii-;',.; cit .r-r: ij,uui.ia!n-!op was ii-r the bright sun.
morning
(A) daz,zl\ng (B) dogqed (C) dim
2 A pe:.son who has been accused of a crime cannot be forced to --'- airy
information that is self-incrlminating.
(A) divulge
{B) desist (C) disperse
7. Richard Blrd and h.is pilot Floyd Bennett undertook a _-- flight to tire North
Pole in May of L92e;.
(A) daring {B) defiant (C) distinct
9. Artists Nathaniel Currier ald James Me,rritt lves produced some prints of
nineteenth century New England scener, which collectors prize for their charm.
(A) dreary (B) dim (C) delightful
10. Econolnlsts define goods as ones intended to iast more than four months.
(A) drirable {B) dense (C) delicate
12. Fiorida has a hurnirl climate. Summers thcre are particularly hot and --.
(A) dyrramic (B) damp {C) dogged
14. A person suffering from hypothermia, tlre extrerne loss of body heat. may first
feel -*--.
(A) dogged ( t 3 )d i s t i n g u j s h e d (C) drorvsy
L7. A carb;lretor _=-=- air in^r-oan engine ;md rn:-xes it, ..viL-ilfuel.
(A) desisls (B) draws (C) dots
MINI-LESSON 3.6
eerie eq/-. strange, eligible a{. suitable. encounter u. meet. find.
odd. urrusual, qualifted, acceptable come across: ,L nreeting'
frightening confrontation
eminent a{. celebrated.
clderly acll. otd, aged distinguished, fant,rus endeavor ru attempt, r,enture
electrify
' e x h i l a r u.
a t eexcite. thrill. emit u. send out, endorse u. authorize.
discharge approve. support
elegant ac!'. sophisticated. enchanting a{- delightful. enhance u. intenslfy- ampli$,
polisheci charn.rintr{.captivati ng strengthen
Directions: Complete the foilowing sentences by filling in the blanks with vocabularl'
ltems (A), {B), or [C) according to the context of the sentences'
L In t9O6 much of San Francisco was destroyed by an earthquake and the fires
that
(A) evaded (B) ensued tC) encountered
3. A new of aviauon began in 1947 when Chuck l'eager became the first pilot
to iiy faster than the speed oi souncl.
(A) iable {B) endeavor (C) era
4- Vance Packard's book Tlre Hidden Persuaders deals with the tacUcs advertisers
use to consurllers.
6.: Riveting is a means of -==-- metal piates together with irot metal bolts.
'
(A) errhancing (B) fleeing (C) fastening
IO- People make more mistrrkes when tlrey are than rvhen theii are fresh.
{A) exhaustiv'e (B} emir Lent (C) fatjgued
13. Sorne insects can detect the ultrasorric pulses that bats use to detect their prey
anci can thereflore the bats.
(A) evade {B} foregc (C) etectrig,-
14. The snovlr egret builds --- nest from a few twigs and pieces of grass.
(A) a faint [B) an c]:travagant {C} a flimsy
l5- \[rkr,:nlightening strikes sand, the inf ense heat somt:Limes the grains of
sand into lhin glass tubes calied ful,11urires.
{A) falters (ti) faste:rs (C) fuses
MINI.LESSON 3.7
gala a{' festive' happll. gorgeous <rd. attrar:ti,",e, gullibte od,r-.innocent. naive,
-io*,'o'r" br:=::::fu! i ! . t ; * c i ; n s .c r e c u l o u s
gap n. break, breach, g:rade n. quality, value,
opening worth harnper u. delay, obslruct,
ge.rrulaus cci1. iaikative graphic iiinde.. biock
acii- clear. r_jKplicit,
gaudy a{'. shou4r, flashy, vivid haphazard a{. random.
conspicuous grasp u. (l) grab, sejze. grip chance, aimless.
genial a{1. pleasant. c, rdial. (2) undeistand unplanned
agreeable grave a{i. serior:s, g,rievous hardship n- difficully. trouble
gentle a{1. mild, kind, griegarious hru'ru u- injure, danage
a{,'. sociirble.
considerate friendly h&rnony n. accorcl.
$enuine ad- authenti<:. real, cc!-. severe, drt:ary, agreement' peace
€rirn
- r'alid bleak. somber harness u. control, utitize
$litter u' sparkle. shine. grip u. hold, grasp. r;eize: harsh a{-. severe, rough.
' glisten n. hold. giasp. pr:ssession strict
glory n' gratrdeur' nrajesty. gr:ueling a{. exhar-(;ting. trasty odj- quick. rushecl,
lanle c l i { - f i c r , r l at .r d u o u r s ; hurried
Directions: Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with vocabularl,
items (A), (B), or (C) accorciing to the contexl oi the sentences.
3. Dams carr --- the power of rivers, but they may also destroy their beauty.
{AJ heed (B) harness (C) hurl
7- Bad weather -=--- tfre rescue crews trying to locate the life rafts.
iA) hampered (B) grasped (C) harnessed
I' Con artists are criminals who take advantage of + people by tricking them
and taking their nronev.
tA) garmious (B) grim (Ci guiiible
Io.Arecent'studysholr,edihatagrici:itureisthernost
(A) hazardous (B) genial (C) haphazard
I I' At Harper's Ferry. West Virginia, the Potomac River has cut a,plcturesque ..-._--
t through thc Blue Ridge Mountains
(A) grip (B) glory (C) gap
12' Wool from different sheep. or even wool from different parts of the same sheep. is
not all of the sanle
(A) lrarrrrorr.\, (B) grade (C) hardstrip
MINI-LESSON 3.8
idea n- concept. notion, increment ru increase. :rrnount initial o4i. original, first.
thought indifferent q4j. uncan:lg. beginning. introductory
ldeal n. model, standard; apathetic, unconcer ned innate a{f. natural, irrborn
a{. perfect, model. indigenous innocuous a{,y'.harmless.
aQj. native
standard
indir;pensable naJ. nec,:ssary, inoffensive
idle a4l'. {1) inactive, unu:sed,
essential. vital, critica] intense ad. porverful,
inert (2) la4r
indistinct a{i.unclear, heightened. concentrated
illusion n. (1) fantasy,
blurry, ha4' intricate ad: complicated,
delusion (2) an errone,)us
induce u. persuade, complex. involved
perception or concept
convince. coax irate ad,j. angry, furious,
lllustration n.picture,
inept ad. incomperenl. upset
drawing, description
arvkward, clrrmsv
imaginary a4'. unreal, jagged a{i. rough, rugged,
fantasUc. fictitious inexorable ad.unstopltable
une\ren. irregular
lmaginative o{.creative. infarnous c i d y 'n. o l o r i r r r r . , .
jeopardy n- danger, hazard,
ciginal, clever shocking
risk, threat
imlrrense a{,y'.huge. infinite a{.limit}css,
jolly adj. joyful, happ)',
enormous, massive, rndless, boundless
cheerful, jovial
colossal infiuitesimal c{. tiny,
jolt u. shcck. jar, sha-ke up,
impair u. damage, injure. :ninute, rninuscule
surprise: n. blorv,
spoil ingerrious rr{-brilliant. srrrprise, shock
impartial a{/. fair. unbiased, :,maginative, clcr.eL.
neutral :nventive keen a4.(l) sharp
implerrent u. realize, ingerruous a{j- naive. t2) shre'.vd, clever. bright
achieve, put into practice, lrusting. guiiibie {3} eager, enthusiastic
execute: n. tool, utensit. inhabit u. iive, drvell. reside, k"y a{. principle, cn:cial.
instrument populatt: important
incessant ad.constant, inhiblt u. control, limit, knack n. skill, abili$.
lc;scless, .ti;i :i_i.iucus i esirain ztpiiiii'jc, ialent
Directions: Corrrpie le tirr: lollorvtng sintencc:j by filting in the blanks lvith vocabutary
items (A). (B). or (C) accortling to the context cf the sentences.
2. A plorv ir; a farm usecl to break u1; soil and prepare the land for planting.
(A) increment (Il) knack (C) implement
3. A laser Ltses a syntlretic ruby to concentrate light into an extremely -*=- high-
erlerQv lteant.
fighter.
{B) ingenuous (C) infamous
{A) inept
ABCD
€---+
6. Line A-B appears to be longer than line c-D, but tf.is is an optical - _
(A)illusion(B)ideal(C)illustration
8. The heaviiy populated states of California, Texas, New York, and Florida are
states for any candidate in a presidentiaf election'
(A) initial (B) impartial (C) keY
1O. The --= character Fa-lstaff is one of Shakespeare's finest comic creaUons'
(A) keen (B) jollY (CJ irate
}I.Anyonecal}earrtbasiccookingsklIls:youdon,tneedaspecial
(A) knack {B) idea (C) imPtement
:3. Tie -_- prcpl: ci +-r::.i:aila we:e calltd a-bariginesby ttre European'se'r-iiei-s'
(A) indigenous (B) ingenuous (C) innate
14. The rhinocer-os has a poor st:nse of sight but --.--_ sense of smell-
Directions: Conrplete the follorving sentences by fiiiing in the blanks with vocabulary
items (A), (tl). or (C) according to the context of the sentences.
creatu::es such as u , n i c o r n s a n d d r a g o n s
2. In coloniai times, cod fishing off the coast of New England was a __.---
occupation.
{ A } ! ri ; - ; - . ' : - - iF) ietiiar5!l {C) !r:crat!..'e
4. Jttlius Caesar is knr>rvn not only for his rnilitary and political skills but also for
his ___-, informative writing,
(A) lucicl [B) lurid tC) Iavish
B . Paperback novels in the i94os and I95Os often had covers to attract
readers'attention.
(A) lurid (B) murlry (C) legiUmate
to. The -.- l u m b e r j a c k P a u l B u n y a n a r l d his giant blue ox Babe are two of the
most famous figures in American folklore.
(A) legendary' (B) moral (C) likelY
I ]. The transcontinental railroad, the East Coast with the West Coast, rvas
completed at Promontory Point. Utah in 1869_
(A) linking (B) monitoring {C) mingling
MINI-LESSON 3.10
negligible ad;'. unimportant. odd a{. strange, unusual, overcast acii. cloudy,
trivial peculiar, curious gloomy
nimble o{i. graceful, agite offspring n. young, children, overcome u- subdue. defeat.
notable a{'. remarkable, descendants overwhelm
conspicuous, striking ominous a{/.threatening, overlook u. ignore, disregard.
aotlfy u. inform, tell menacing, dangerous neglect
notion n. idea, conceFl, opulent aQl. luxurious, oversee u. supervise,
'
thought plush, affluent manage. direct
notorious a{- infamous, ornamental a{. ornate, oversight n. error, mistake,
disreputable decorative, elaborate omission
novel adi. new, innovaUve outgoing a4j. {Il open. overt a{. open, obvious.
friendly {2) departing, conspicuous
objective a{. fair. impartihl, leaving overtake u. catch up rvith.
unbiased, neutral; outlook reach
n. (l) opinion, view
n. goal, pul-pose. aim (2) prospect, forecast ovemrhelm u. (l) astonish.
cblorig acg. c.-i astounci. shock
outstanding cr47-.
excellent.
obscure a{. unfamiliar, excepticnal, notable, well- (21inundate, enguii (3)
arnbiguous. liitie- knoiwt known conquer, defeat, ot"ercome
r-rbsolete a{''. antiquatcci, our overall a{. general,
of date, outnroded comprehensirre
Directions: Complete the foltorving sentences by filling in the btankS rvith vocabulan'
items (A), (B), or (c) according to the context of the
"ent".r.es.
I.Tl'reblackcloudsofagatheringthurrderstormlookquite
(A) ominous I '
(B) negligible (C) overcast
'441
S e c t i o n3 Gur'clc to Rcacling
3. An --_'-- plant is cultivated chiefly fo: its beauty,
(A) oprrlent {B) obscure [C) ornamental
6. The Bessemer process was once the most common method of making steel' but
today this process ir; considered _---,.
iA) odd (B) novel {c) obsolete
7 - Doliey Payne Madisc,n, the rvife of Presic.ent James Md.dison. impressed the city of
\\rashington rvith her stylish clothes anct warm. manner-
(A) nimble (B) ominous (C) outgoing
B- The toun plarrning commission said thar their financial for the next fiscai
9. Tire nevr play was so successful ttrat the demand for Uckets was _-'---.
lO. A booh's table of conLents provides readr'rs with an idea of rvhat the book
is about.
(A) outgoing {B) overt (C) overall
Il. Because ultraviolet light from the Sun can penetrate clortds. it is possible to get a
sunbrrrrr on an --,- day.
(A) obscure {B} overcast {C) r:vert
.
12. Altl-rough tire accident appeared serious. only a amount of damage $'as
.: o I'lil
MINI.LESSON 3.1i
pace n, rate. speed path n. trail. lrack. rvay, percelve u. observe, sense.
palnstaklng a{. careful. route notice
conscientiolrs,' tl'roroutrglr peculiar acU. (l) strange. odd. peril n. danger, hazard, risk,
pale ad;'. rvhite. colorless. fatled F,uzzling [2) distinctive, threat
characteristic. unique,
paltry o{-. urrinrportant.. perpetual ad. constant,
special
ntinor. trir.iarl cnclless. eterual
penetrate u. enter, go
particle rt. 1>icce
. bi(. tirrotrgl'r. 1>ierce. perplexing a{. puzzling.
fragltlcnt 1tu rrct tt re rnystifying, con [u sing
Directions: Complete the follorving sentences by filling in the blanks rvith vocabulary
items (A), (B). or (C) according to the conte)d of the sentences.
4. Tool makers must have the abilitv to rvork very ---- in order to meet exact
s p e c i f ! < : ai i r ; : : s
6- When a tiger spots its prey, it crouches down and then --i--
..T.
(A) pleads (B) ponCers (C) pounces '
1 t. Trade with Britain and the West Indies allowed colonial seaports such as Boston
to--.
(A) postpone (B) provoke (C) prosper
t3. To make cement, lirnestone is first and the resultlng powder is then
i4. Outbreaks of cholera and other disease:; were .-.-_-- in minin$ carhps during the
15. Only a small of Carisbad Caverl in Nerv Mexico has been tighted :rnd
openec,to visitors.
(A) perii (B) portion (C) Pace
I6. Acting teacher Stell;r Adier plavecr- a ----- role in t}-e development of the Method
school of acting.
{A} pir,:tal (B) precious {Ci plush
MINI.LESSON 3,72
qualnt a{- charming. wander; n- scope, el(tent. refuge n. shelter, haven'
pictureseue. curious spectrl-lm retreat
quake u. shiver, shake. rash a{. thoughtless, reheanse u. Practice. irain' go
'
tremble careiess. reckiess o\tei:
Directions: Complete tl.e followingl sentences by lilling in the blanks with vocabulary
items iA). (b), or {C) according to the context of the sentences.
4. Big Sur. a wild section of California's coasUine, is known for its beauty-
(A) ragged (B) rash (C) rugged
7. The northernmost section of the Roclry Mountains. the Brooks ffange. ls located
in a '
section of Alaska.
(AJ remote (Bi ruiirless (C) radiant
9. Visitors to Verrnont delight in the beauUful scenefy and picturesque r.illages and
enjo)' staying ir-l son-reof the country inns there-
(A) rouglr (B) ragged (C) quaint
I l - Many medieval stories dealt rvith such as the story of the search for the
Holl' 5'13i1-
Souttr.
(A) reliabie iB) rural {C) rug€led
MINI-LESSON 3.13
salvage u. save, rescue. severe o4l'. (l) harsh. si,rict' signify u. s5rmbolize,stand
recover. retrieve austere [2] undecor:rted, for, indicate
scale u. climb: n. (I) rangt:. Plain simulate u. imitate, reProduce
spectrum {2} proportton shatter u. ltrea.k. smaslt, sketch u. draw: ru drawing'
scarce aQj. rase, sparse fragment picture. diagram
scatter u. disperse, sprea<l sh.eer a4. (1) steep. shtrrP, slender a@'.lhin, slim, slight
:rbrupt {2) transPare nt, stuggish a{. slow' listiess'
scent n. aroma, fragrance,
tlin. filmv Iaqg, lethargic
odor, smell
shimmer u^ shine, glou', sly a{. cunnin$, clever.
scrap u. abandon, get rid of;
glisten, glearn shrewd
n. piece, fragment
shred u. rip up, tear uP soak u- wet, drench' selturate
seasoned o{i. experienced,
veteran shrewd a{. clever, siy solace n. comfort.
secluded ad. hidden, shrill acij. piercing, high- consolation, relief
isolated. secret pitched sornber a{'. serious. gra\te'
sensational a{. thriiling. shun u- avoid, stay arva'r solemn
exciting, shocking liom sort u. classiS, categorjze:
aerene ad. quiet, peaceful, shy a{1. timid, reser-'red n. $Pe. kind, varlety
calm. tranquil signltEcart adj. important, sound c{. safe, solid' secure:
sever u. cui. siice oii viial, lnzu;l ii. :'!oise
I)irections; Complet-e the following scirtence s by filiing in the blanks rvith rrocabuiary
items iA), tB), or (C) according to the context of the sentences'
l. One o[ lhe most poprrlar peaks for mountain cllmbers to .-_-- ls El Capitan tn
2. Grey fox.es are not particulariy rare animals. but they a're seldom seen because
5.ThecityofDenver'splantobuildasubwaysystemwasint}rel97os.
(C) scrapped
,^l ^ ^-^--ai
.
. 6- Even after a ship has sunk. its cargo can often be --=-
th"
14. Foxfire is an cerie blue light. often seen in srvamps, that is caused b)'
i . 1I N ! - ' : -= S 3 + i " : 3 . i ! +
sovr u. plant spell n- int3rval. period, time encourage, provoke;
n' inducement' stimulus
6pan u. extend, bridge, spirited adj; livety. energetic,
connect: n- length. extent. vigorous stable adi. steady. secure'
range splendid o{. exceilent. stationary' fixed
6pawn
- u. generate. create, superb, wOnderful stage u. present. put on:
produce; n. offspring. spoil u. tI) ruin. mar n. grade, step, level.
descendants (2) decay. deteriorare, phase
specific ad. defir-rite. decompose, rot stain u. color, tint. discolor.
particular, exact spot u. locate. find. see: .. dye; n. spot. mark,
speiimen n. cxarnple. sample rr- (i) location. site blemish
spectacular ad. cirarnatic. 12) nrark. stain- :spCck stale a{;-. (I} old, dry (2) dui
sensational. irnitrcssive spur u. stinrulate . inrpel, trite. uninteresting
Directions: Complete the followirrg senten(:es by fitling in lhe blanks with vocabulary
items (A), (B), or (C) according to the contexl of the sentences.
i. High pressure cells may bring brief rvarrn even ln the middle of winter.
[A) struggles (B) spelts (C) spans
2 . The --._-_ cliffs of the Na Pali coast oir the Hau'aiian island of Kauai ristl over
7. D. W. C;riffith rvas the first director of _ ___ filrns. These were movies nrarje on a
colossai scale.
(A) stateiy (B) suitable (C) spectacular
B. Cheetairs are tl're of atl land mar-nmals. with top speeds of up to 70 miles
per hour.
(A) stal:st (B) subtlest (C) srviftest
13. Every year. the Folger Shakespeare Librar5r in Washington, D-C. a number
of plays.
(A) stalls (B) stages (C) sPans
L4- Farmers sometimes crops such as timothy or clover and then plorv them
under the soil 1o increase its fertility.
(A) supplant (B) spur {C} sow
15. The geographical center of the North American continent is a ---- near Drake.
North Dako+.-a.
(A) spot (B) stage (C) summit
MINI-LESSON 3.15
'rac+" n. ri,ipic:naci.', rliscre!!c::. teiiiperg'r-e crj. dld. thrive u. prcsPe!:, flour-ish
poise moderate thwart u. prerrent. imPede.
tale n. story temptl.ng arlj. allunng, gbstruct
inme u. domesticate. ::lastei, attractive, enticing tidings n- news, message
a{. docile. domesticated, tender a4l-. (t) delicate. soft titt u. incline. sloPe
gentle {2) gentie, loving (3} sore. tirnid ac!. fearful, shi'.
tarnper (with) u. interfere painful retiring
(with) ttraw u. melt, warm up tint n. color, hue, strade.
talgle u. knot, twist: thorough acij- complete, tone: u. color. stain' dYe
n. knot comprehensive tirisome ar{;'. tedious. dull'
ta-rt a{. sour. tans/. piquant thorou$hfare n.avenue, boring
taunt u. insult, mock, street toil u. labor, rvork:
tornrent thrifty ad. economical, n. exertion' labor, rvt)rk
tedious a{. boring. dull. inexpensive tolerant a{'. PaUent'
tiresorrte thrilling ac!-.exciting. imPartial. oPen-minded
telling a{. effective. stimulating. stirring, torment u. taunt. abuse.
co nr"incirrg, forceftrl electrillrillg bully
with vocabulary
Directions: Complete tl.e foliowing sentence-', by filling ln the blanks
items (A), tB), or (C) according to the context ci the sentences'
has obviously
3. One shorrld never buy food or medicine i{ the packaglng
been --- .
(A) tangl.:d {u) thwartecl [C] tampered with
'7 - in Atlanta
- Peachtree St"reel is th': rnain --
(A) triuniph {I}) thoroughfirre
(C) tale
:1. li: ihe '.]t-sei-i, dr; c-,:cL'i:-llltrls ::::r;" iu:l i-ric' i:a-;;;i after hearry !-a!nsto!'ms'
including
12. \\rashirrg,torr IrviDg coliected and interpret,ed many famous old -._-_.
the leger-idso f R i p V a r r W i n k l e a n d t h e H e a d l e s s H o r s e m a n -
(A) talcs ( 1 3 )t i d i n g s (Ci traits
14- The Cura mater is a - protective membrane that covers the spinal cord and
brain.
(A) tender (B) tough (C) temPerate
MINI.LESSON 3.16
ultimate adJ. (tl conclusive. uproar n. disorder, vast adi. huge' enormous'
definite, final (2) disturbance, commotion extenslve, immense
maximum. highest urge D. encolrrage, advise, venomous adj' Poisonous
unbearable aQj. intolerable, implore verbose a{. talkative, wordY
agonizing urgent arij. pressing, verge ru brink. edge.
uncouth a{1. impolite, rrde. compelling threshold
r,rrlgar utensil n. tool, implement, vessel ru [1) container, bottle
underlying a4,p-.
fundamental. device (2) shiP
basic utter u. sai/, spe.ak; e{. toteJ, vex u. irritaie' anger' arrl-loy
undertake u.try, attempt absolute, compiete
viable a4'. tI) alive' Iiving
unglainly a{i. awkward, (2) feasible' PracUcal,
vacant a{j- emptv,
unskillfui
unoccupied Possible
uniform a{. consistent. vicinity n. area, Proximlty'
vague a{,p'.unclear,
regular
unccrtain, ambiguous zorre
unique a4. singular. one of a
vain a4l- tU useless. vigorous adJ. dYnamic'
kind. special
pointless, unsuccessfui energetic, spirlted
uqravel u. solve. explaln
[2) conceited, proud vitat ad. criUcal, crucial'
unndy a{i. unmanageable, valid a{i. genuine, authentic, key, essenUal
disorganized, disorderly iegitimate vlvid ad. clear, distlnct'
unsound ad. defective, vanish u. disappear. go graphic
faulty, unsafe away vow u- promise, Pledge'
uphold u. support, sustain variable a{. changeable, swear: n- oath, Promise'
upkeep ru rnaintenance shifting pledge
Directions: Complete the follorving sentences by filling in the blanks witJr vocabulary
!:3:.l.l- l:'i, i3l. :i ii-': ::cccrding'r; u.e conie::: cithe =enreilces.
areas in lts
7',. A metrop,clitan area consists ()f a centrai c ity and a.:nysuburban
B- Medical scientisls stiu do not fully underst-and the ..--.-.--'- causes of migraine
headaches.
(A) unrul:r (B) underlying (C) viable
lO. The mlrttr of Narcissus tells the story of a handsoi-i"c but ]Ioung man
turns into a
who stares at his refler:tion in a pool of warter for so long thal he
flower.
(Ai vain (Bi unbearabit: {C) r'erbose
I L The fork lras been userl as an eating at ieast since the Svelfth centutv'
14. Mary irrlunsfeldt scn:,: of the puzzir:s involving insects and the polltnation
of planls.
(AJ underr.ook tB) uptreld (C) unraveled
15. Linguists say tl"rat hundreds of the worid's languages nlay -__-- in the next
rapidly. i
2. Whole grains ancl fresh fmit and vegetables are --'--- foods.
You must be - when buying a used car: be sure the engine is in good
concirtion.
(AJ weary (B) zealous (C) wary
q
F{umor-ist Will Roger-s wrote many newspape!- columns.
(A) wily (B) weary (C) witty
8. The green rcvolution was a system of farming which depended on new varieties of
seeds and the increased use of irrigation and fertilizers. lt greatly increased
[armers'
S e c t i o n3 Guide to Readirrg 45
I' some :;uperstitions are familiar to manj' cultures' For example' there is a -.-
belief that black cats bring bad luck.
(A) wiciespread {B} wily (C} wicked
I l. George Ropes painted portraits of sea captains, prosperous merchants. and other
L2. ln his L96I book NLght Comes to the Cusnberlands, Harry M. Caudil painted a
grim picture of ttle of tl.e Appalerchian region.
(A) woes {B) rvares (C) Yrelds
M i n i - L e s s o3n. 1
t. (A) 4. (A) 7. iA) ro. {C) t7. {B)
2. (c) i. (B) 8. {Bi tr_ tA} 14. (A}
3. (A) 6. (Bl e. (c) tz. (B) t5. (c)
M i n i - L e s s o3n. 2
l. {c) 4. tc} 7. iA} t0. (A) t3. (C)
2. (C) 5. {B) 8. (B) il. (B} t4. (C)
3. {A} 6. (B) e. (c} 12. (c}
Mini-Lesson
3.3
I. (C) 4. tB) 7. (A) rO. (Bl 17. (A)
2. (A) 5. (B) B. (c) il. (A) 14. (A)
3. (B) 6. (c) s. (Ai rz. (c)
M i n i - L e s s o3n. 4
I' (c) ]. (A) 5, (c) 7. (A) e. iB) rr (B)
2. (c) 4. (B) 6. {B} 8. tc) ro. (B)
M i n i - L e s s o3n. 5
I. (A) 4. (A) 7. (A) r0. (A) 13. (A) 16. (B)
2. (A) 5. (B) 8. iB) r r. {ci r4. (c) tz . tB)
3. (B) b. (C) s. {Ci t2. {B) 15. (A)
M i n i - L e s s o3n. 6
I. (B) 4. (B) 7. (C) io. (c) 13. (A) 16. (A)
2. (B)
3. ici 6. (c) 9. (A) t2. (B) 15. (c)
M i - ! - t e s : c n3 . 7
l. (c) 4. (A) z. (A) to. tA) 13. (Bl
2. iB) ,. {A) 8. (Bi r r. (c) 14. (B)
3. (B) 6. (C) e. (c) rz. (B)
Mini-Lesson
3.8
,,'I. (C) 4. (C) 7. (B) tO. (B) 13. (A) t6. (Bl
.?. (c) s. (c) 8. (cf I l. (A) t4. (C) t7. (c)
3. (A) 6. (A) e. (C) tz. (B) 15. (C)
M i n i - L e s s o3n. 9
l. (c) 3. (cl 5. (B) z. (B) s. (B) rL tA)
2. (C) 4. (A) 6. (B) 8. (A) t0. (A)
456
M i n i - L e s s o3n. 1 0
I. (A) 4" (B) 7. {C} r0. (c)
2. iB) 5. (B) 8. (A) rr. tB)
v. (c) 6. (c) 9. {B) t2" (c)
M i n i - L e s s o3n. 1 1
t. (c) 4. {A} 7. (B) r0" {B} 13. (B) r 6. iAi
2. {B) 5. (c) 8. (A) I I. (C} r 4. (c)
3. (B) 6. (C) e. (A) I2. (B) r5 . ( B )
M i n i - L e s s o3n. 1 2
I. (A) 4. (C) 7. (A) r o. (A) t3. {A)
2. (A) 5. (B) 8. IC) I l. (c) t4" (B)
v. (c) 6. (C) e. tc) t2. (Bi r 5. (A)
M i n i - L e s s o3n. 1 3
t. tA) 4. iB) 7. (B) i 0. (A) t3. {B}
2. tc) 5. rC) 8. (A) r r. (ci r4^ (c]
3. (B) 6. tC) 9. (B) t2. {B)
M i n i - L e s s o3n. 1 4
l. (B) 4. {B) 7. (C) IO. (B) 13. (B) r6 . ( B )
2. iB) 5. {C) O. (LJ I r. {B) t4. (c) t7. {c)
3. (c) 6. tBl e. iB) 12. {A} r5. (Ai r8 . { B i
M i n i - L e s s o3n. 1 5
l. (c) 4: (c) 7. (B) r o. (A) r3 . { B }
2. (A) 5. (c) 8 . tc) r r. (A) t4. (B)
3. {c} 6. rAi o tar E'' /tt)
M i n i - L e s s o3n. L 5
I. (C) 4. (A) 7. (A) 10. {Ai t7. {c} r6. (c)
2. (B) 5. (A) 8. {Bi ! r. (B) r 4. (c)
3. (A) 6 . (c) e. (c) 12. { A) r 5. {A}
M i n i - L e s s o3n. 1 7
I. (C) 3. (C) 5. (C) 7. (C) e. (A) rr. (B)
2. (B) 4. (A) '5. (A) 8. (Bl to. (c) 12. tA)
'Todaltt
ijoq, Do You Fe gi (i)leaseinciicates.hich faces appt5,)
/,G\
-a(t6Gi)a,
'1\9
B l i ssfu l Bored Cautious Coid Confidenr
/t--\
6A
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(6N\
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\-unou5 Dcicrrrrilrcci Disar-l-.roirrred n.^L
rrt5ucllc
-l:^-.:..
Vlt lB
^
AN
@@ w
/-\
(6V)
\_,-.--,/
Fnvious Frigittened
;tre\
\JULlL\
6i
,r-__----f
\> rEq
lmI '<\j.-Y\
\ //
\----/
Ht,sterical Indifferent interesred Jealous Lonely
('cd\
,27-\-tr
\\6, /)
\r.-----.' ,'
,a--->-
rbc\
,.-7----itr
('od'\
\ --/- I ^NY)
\
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S a t i s f i ed Surprised Suspicious Other
1 ,.'?'- ,1
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