International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 10, Number 17 (2015)

Research India Publications ::: http://www.ripublication.com

AC Voltage Controller fed Single Phase Capacitor Run

Induction motor with Different Topology
1
N.Murali and 2Dr.V.Balaji
1. Research Scholar, SCSVMV University, Kanchipuram, India, muralibeee@gmail.com
2. Associate Professor, BHAIR DAR University, Ethiopia, balajieee79@gmail.com

Abstract
Single phase capacitor run induction motor is supplied from
AC voltage controllers is primary importance in industrial
applications. In this paper different topology of AC voltage
controller is simulated. The review of different control
strategies of induction motor is done. The multiple pulse width
modulation showing better performance compared to other
control algorithms. The analysis was done using
Matlab/simulink environment. Fig 1: Capacitor run induction motor

Keywords: multiple pulse width modulation control, harmonic 200

analysis, AC voltage controller.
150

1.Introduction
Single phase capacitor run induction motor fed from AC voltage 100
controller gaining confidence in the industry due to simpler
converter circuits, less maintainance and rugged construction. 50
Induction motor is work horse of the industry and it is reliable
for most of the requirement. This drive is mainly focussed on 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
fans, blowers, pumps and centrifugal fans because of wider
speed control and easier controlling aspects. Fig 2:Angular speed versus time characteristics
The performance of capacitor run induction motor is done
suitably by suitable controllers. The controllers should be 20

reliable, simple and cost effective. For domestic fan applications 15

single phase induction motor is utilized effectively.The major
10
drawback of using the induction motor is poor power factor and
5
shortfall in performance. The power factor is improved using
permanent capacitor induction motor and the performance 0

improved by suitable controlling mechanisms. The different -5

controllers available in the literature are phase control,integral -10
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
cycle control, single pulse and multiple pulse width modulation
techniques. Fig 3:Torque versus time characteristics
In this paper phase control and integral cycle control is
obtained using triac and bidirectional controller [1],[2] and
review of different strategies are discussed [3],[4]. Inverter fed 2. Capacitor run induction motor
capacitor induction motor performances are discussed The permanent capacitor in the single phase induction has
[5],[6].Performance is estimated by model predictive control and numerous advantages over other types of induction motor. The
field oriented control. Performance by PID control using main advantage is power factor is improved while in operation.
intelligent techniques enhance the operation and optimization The capacitor used to start and it runs with the same capacitor.
technique improves the settling time,steady state error and peak The design of capacitor plays vital importance because it works
overshoot. The simulation for open loop control was done for both for starting and running conditions. The value of capacitor
unidirectional, bidirectional,single pulse width modulation and determines the starting toque of the induction motor. The lower
muliple pulse width modulation fed capacitor run single phase value of capacitor leads to low starting torque. But when the
induction motor.The review of different control strategies are capacitor value increases leads to good starting torque. The
studied.

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 International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 10, Number 17 (2015)
Research India Publications ::: http://www.ripublication.com
basic construction of capacitor run induction motor has main
winding, auxiliary winding and capacitor connected in series
with auxiliary winding is shown in figure 1. This is equivalent
to two phase unbalanced motor.
During starting condition the main winding and auxiliary
winding has phase displacement of 90 degrees, this makes the
rotor of induction motor to rotate. Since single phase induction
is not a self starting machine. The angular speed characteristic
was shown in figure 2. This waveform is simulated and
obtained. The speed of induction takes some finite time to reach
the steady state condition. The torque is initially high and when
speed reaches steady state the value of torque is normal is
shown in the figure 3.
3. Review Of Capacitor run induction motor
The main philosophy of speed control and the performance is
improved by using power electronic controllers for the capacitor
run induction motor. In this paper the study was conducted for
variable voltage operation using AC voltage controllers.. Hene
suitable method has to be devised for operation of regulator like
integral cycle control,phase control, single pulse width
modulation, multiple pulse width modulation, intelligent control
and optimization techniques.
The TRIAC produces variable voltage operation for
controling the induction motor. The integral cycle control is one
of the method for controlling the speed. The controlled load
voltage depends from on time period over total time period. In
this method speed control varies in steps [1]. It has limitations
are it produces discontinuos current and causes sub harmonics in
the line. This causes disproportional speed variations. Hence the
control is given to main winding only. Due to this scenario the
motor is able to operate in derated conditon.
The speed control of induction motor is good response
when TRIAC connected in series with main winding instead of
supply circuit [2]. The performance is intermittent when
connected in auxillary winding. The harmonic content will be
less because auxillary winding connected directly to supply. The
triac controlled fan motor produces noise due to odd harmonics
present. The noise can be reduced by using shunt resistance to
attenuate the noise [3]. The pulse width modulation chopper
control is best among the other control methods due to simple
and cost effective. In this paper the input harmonics are filtered
using the filters[9].The main drawback is power dissipation is
high.
The capacitor run induction has variable capacitance by
varying it using H-bridge inveter circuit. During transient
condition the modulation ratio is changed and capacitor will
charge or discharge. At certain firing angles the bridge is not
balanced[4], hence certain firing angles only operated. The dq
modelling of induction motor leads to fifth order equations. The
computation timefor the analysis is high. The analysis uses
matrix methods so that by symmetry of solution reduces
computation time[5].
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The single phase induction motor uses dynamic capacitor
for maximum torque operation[6]. The main and auxillary
winding currents are maintained in quadrature by this
method.The efficiency of induction motor done with difference
in current control as appropriate control variable instead of
conventional slip control[7]. The efficeincy need to obtain for
maximum under different load conditions. The performance
improvement between single pulse width modulation and AC
voltage regulator was obtained for capacitor run induction motor.
It is evident that phase control is better than single pulse width
modulation in the output voltage and energy saving[8]. But the
performance is inferior when compared to multiple pulse width
modulation. The modeling of single phase induction motor done
by sequence components[10]. The three phase induction is
converted in to two phase induction motor. The pulses generated
for the devices are in symmetrical fashion.
The capacitor run induction motor need closed control for
improving its performance under steady state and dynamic load
conditions.The closed controller gains are adjusted depending on
load conditions by intelligent techniques. The control was
extensively done by neural networks, fuzzy and neuro fuzzy
systems. The major drawbacks are difficult in experimentation
and comparitive results from simulated result is unobtainable.
The model predictive control is new breakthrough in control
systems for adjusting the gains from past, present and future
instants. The major demerits are the mathematical formulation is
little complex compared to conventional PID algorithm and
these algorithms are useful only for slow dynamic systems. The
method which evolve in designing the controller gains by
optimization techniques. The optimization will search the
necessary variables from the search space corresponding to the
objective function either for minimization or maximization
problems[11]. The paper discusses on multi-objective functions
for better performance for the controller.
4.Different Topologies Of AC Voltage Controller
There are different topologies for the AC voltage controller. In
this paper it focus on unidirectional ac voltagecontroller,
bidirectional ac voltage controller, singlepulse width modulation
and muliple pulse width modulation. The TRIAC is also one of
the topology of ac voltage controller, but in simulink there is no
seperate model to simulate using this device.
4.1 Unidirectional AC voltage controller
The circuit employs one controlled device with anti-parallel
diode. Since the load is capacitor run induction motor, the
output voltage has spikes. The torque, speed and output voltage
waveforms are shown in figure 17. The harmonic analysis is
taken into account and it has total harmonic distortion of 44%
which is shown in figure. The major drawback of this method is
more harmonics due to unsymmetrical waveform output. At
certain firing angles the outputs are unstable. Hence we can
operate only particular triggering angles.
 International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 10, Number 17 (2015)
Research India Publications ::: http://www.ripublication.com

Table 2: Bidirectional AC voltage controller

Firing angle in Torque in Angular speed in
degrees N-m rad/sec
0 10.0
20 0.0
40 9.5
90 8.0 156
120 4 155
150 0.3 40

Fig 4: unidirectional AC voltage controller 4.3 Single pulse width modulation

The pulse width modulation is generated by comparing carrier
waveform and signal. When the performance is compared with
Table 1:unidirectional AC voltage controller phase control it is inferior. But this paved way for new
technology to get improvements. The circuit comprises of anti
Firing angle in Torque in Angular speed in
parallel scr with capacitor induction motor. The harmonics,
degrees N-m rad/sec
speed and torque waveforms are obtained for a particular firing
0 10
angle.
20 10
40 10 57 AC Bi- Capacitor
source directional run
60 9.5 6 voltage AC voltage induction
controller motor

4.2 Bidirectional AC voltage controller

The circuit employs two controlled device conected in anti- SPWM
parallel.Since the load is capacitor run induction motor, its controller
output has spikes. The torque and speed waveforms are shown in
figure 8,9. The harmonic analysis is taken into account and it has
total harmonic distortion of 65% which is shown in figure 18. Fig 8 : Single PWM controller

4.4 Multiple pulse width modulation

In this method uses two IGBT for the voltage controller. The
main device is for conducting in both directions the supply
voltage to the load and other device isused for frewheeling
action.Each igbt is connected with four diodes,this new topology
gives better performance compared to all other topolgies which
discussed.

Fig 7:Bidirectional AC voltage controller

Fig 9 : Multiple PWM controller

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 International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 10, Number 17 (2015)
Research India Publications ::: http://www.ripublication.com

Fig 13 : Harmonics order of SPWM controller

Fig 10: Multiple PWM triggering signals

Table 3:MPWM controller

Modulation Torque in Angular speed in
index N-m rad/sec
0.2 0.34 30
0.4 0.55 53
0.6 0.78 95
0.8 0.37 147
Fig 14: Harmonics order of MPWM controller
0.9 0.27 157

6. Conclusion
5. Results The different topologies of AC voltage controller have been
The harmonic analysis was obtained for all the topologies which analyzed for the effective performance of capacitor run induction
was discussed. The unidirectional AC voltage controller has both motor. The other methods have some shortfall in solving the
even and odd harmonics because the waveform is not problem. This can be averted by the new methodology of
symmetrical. The bidirectional AC voltage controller has no multiple pulse width modulation for effecient operation. It is
even harmonics present. The total harmonic distortion value is found that this methodology has to be improved by suitable
more. The single pulsewidth modulation THD is less than closed loop control. Hence from this review of different control
compared to bidirectional controller. Hence single pulse width strategies multiple pulse width modulation with optimization
modulation show better performance compared to phase control. technique can be verified with hardware for practical realization.
Finally multiple pulse width modulation has better performance
compared to other topologies. The THD value is less compared References
to other topologies. [1] M. Syed Jamil Asghar , Smooth speed control of single
phase induction motor by integral cycle switching,IEEE
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[2] K.Sundareswaran ,A improved energy saving scheme
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capacitor fan motorin IEE Proc. Electr. power Appl vol
Fig 11: Harmonics order of unidirectional controller 128,no 4,pp 201-206,(Jul 1981)
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Lipo single phase induction motor with an electronically
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[5] T.A.LipoThe analysis of induction motors with voltage
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Fig 12 : Harmonics order of bidirectional controller

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Research India Publications ::: http://www.ripublication.com

[6] Vishal verma, Peeyush pant, Bhim singh Simulation of a

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