Professional Documents
Culture Documents
I. INTRODUCTION
EXPERIMENT SETUP
Thermomet
er
Iron Stand
Tin
Can
Alcohol Lamp
containing the
fuel
IV. PROCEDURE
1. Wear proper PPE in doing the experiment.
2. Prepare all the materials and reagents needed.
3. Identify the initial mass of the water
3.1. Weigh the empty tin can.
3.2. Measure by the use of graduated cylinder 100ml of water,
pour it into the tin can and record the resulted mass.
3.3. Compute the mass of the water by subtracting the mass of
the empty tin can from the mass of the water and the tin can.
4. Identifying the initial mass of the liquid fuels (methanol, ethanol
& kerosene)
4.1. Weigh the alcohol lamp and label it.
4.2. Pour in sufficient amount of the fuel into the alcohol lamp.
4.3. Reweigh the alcohol lamp with the liquid fuel and record
the resulted mass.
4.4. Compute the mass of the fuel by subtracting the mass of
the alcohol lamp from the mass of the fuel and alcohol lamp.
5. Prepare the setup of the iron stand with iron clamp that will hold
the tin can while heating it.
6. Measure the initial temperature of the water inside the tin can
before applying heat.
7. Place the thermometer inside the tine can to measure its
temperature while heating.
8. Heat the tin can with water by placing under it the alcohol lamp
containing the fuel.
9. Record the temperature rise every 30secs for 5mins.
10. Extinguish the flame of the alcohol lamp.
11. Reweigh the alcohol lamp and record its mass.
12. Calculate the mass consumed by the heating process by
subtracting from the initial mass the mass of the alcohol lamp
and fuel obtained.
13. Do the same thing with the remaining liquid fuels.
14. For the candle, measure the weight before using it as heat
source. Heat again for 5mins, reweigh the candle after using it.
Calculate the mass.
15. Tabulate all the results precisely and calculate the required
values.
Methanol (g)
Final mass of alcohol lamp with 139.02
Methanol (g)
Consumed mass of the Methanol (g) 1.33
Heat (KJ) 11.7035
Energy Content (KJ/g) 8.7996
Efficiency (%) 44.22
Tem 28 36 38 40 41 43 46 48 51 54 56
p(
C)
Time(mi 0 .5 1 1.5 2 25 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
n)
80 80
74 74
70 70 70
66
64
62
60
58
56
54 54 54
50 ETHANOL PARAFFIN WAX METHANOL 51 51
KEROSENE
48 48 48
46 46 46
44 43 44
42 41 42
Temperatur 40 40 40
38 38
36 36
e 34
32
30
28
20
10
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
VI. CALCULATIONS
Time
FORMULAS TO BE USED:
ETHANOL
Q = mwCpDt
1 Kg
= 99.74 g ( 1000 g ) (4.184 KJ/Kg) (80-28)
Q = 21.7002 KJ
21.7002 KJ
Energy Content = 1.65 g
= 13.1516 KJ/g
1 3.1516 Kj/ g
Efficiency = 26.8 KJ /g
= 49.07%
PARAFFIN WAX
Q = mwCpDt
1 Kg
= 99.72 g ( 1000 g ) (4.184 KJ/Kg) (54-28)
Q = 10.8479 KJ
10.8479 KJ
Energy Content = .51 g
= 21.2705 KJ/g
21.2705 Kj /g
Efficiency = 42.01 KJ /g
= 50.63%
METHANOL
Q = mwCpDt
1 Kg
= 99.9 g ( 1000 g ) (4.184 KJ/Kg) (56-28)
Q = 11.7035 KJ
11.7035 KJ
Energy Content = 1.33 g
= 8.7996 KJ/g
8.7996 Kj / g
Efficiency = 19.9 KJ / g
= 44.22%
KEROSENE
Q = mwCpDt
1 Kg
= 99.65 g ( 1000 g ) (4.184 KJ/Kg) (74-28)
Q = 19.1790 KJ
19.1790 KJ
Energy Content = 1.23 g
=15.5927 KJ/g
15.5927 Kj /g
Efficiency = 46.3 KJ /g
= 33.68%
Based on the experiment, the fuel with the highest efficiency is the
paraffin wax that has 50.63 %, followed by the ethanol with 49.07%
and then methanol with 44.22% and the least is kerosene with
33.68%. Based on the graph, the fuel that reaches the highest
temperature within 5mins is the ethanol, next is the kerosene,
VIII. CONCLUSION
IX. RECOMMENDATION
In doing this experiment, be careful working with the flames, it may
cause serious burns. Use the top loading balances for this experiment.
In order for your flames to be reasonable sizes the wicks should be
adjusted to a fairly short setting. Test the flame before you start
heating your water, and before you weigh your burners. Measure the
temperature until the highest temperature is reached with proper
interval. It helps to wipe the soot off the bottom of the can after each
run. It doesnt have to be perfectly clean, but if you get the loose stuff
off it is helpful. And make sure to cool down first the thermometer
before using it again with the next fuel.
X. REFERENCES