THERMODYNAMICS

By: Bee, Milly, Kimmy, Pizza, & Mill

How Enthalpy and Entropy
effect to spontaneous reaction?
- Enthalpy
- If it is exothermic, the reaction will shift to the right (to become the product)
- If it is endothermic, the reaction will shift to the left (to become the reaction)
- Entropy
- 1. If there are changing of state (solid, liquid, gas) then there will be an increase in entropy.
- 2. If the substance is divided into parts, then there will be an increase in entropy.
- 3. If the amount of substances increase, the entropy would increase.
- 4. If the temperature increase, the entropy would increase
- When the entropy increases, the reaction will shift to the right (to become product)
- When the entropy decreases, the reaction will shift to the left (to become the reaction)
How Enthalpy and Entropy effect to spontaneous
reaction?
- Free energy
-

Free Enthalpy Entropy

energy

- If the free energy is negative, then the reaction is spontaneous

- If the free energy is positive, then the reaction is nonspontaneous
Spontaneous reaction - example

- Enthalpy release energy = Exothermic

- Entropy decreases = Low entropy
- Amount of substance decreases from 5
moles of reactant to 2 moles of product
- The states change from solid and liquid
to pure solid
- Spontaneous
Spontaneous reaction - example

- Enthalpy release energy = Exothermic

- Entropy decreases = Low entropy
- Amount of substance decreases from 3
moles of reactant to 2 moles of product
- Spontaneous
Spontaneous reaction - example

- Enthalpy release energy = Exothermic

- Entropy decreases = Low entropy
- Amount of substance decreases from 6
moles of reactant to 1 moles of product
- Spontaneous
Non-spontaneous reaction - example

- Enthalpy absorbs heat = endothermic

- Entropy increases = high entropy
- One of the product is gas
- Amount of substance increases from 1
mole of reactant into 2 moles of product
- At normal temperature = Non-Spontaneous
Non-spontaneous reaction - example

- Enthalpy absorbs energy = Endothermic

- Entropy increases = High entropy
- The state change from liquid to gas
- Free energy at 298 K = Non-Spontaneous
In case of stress

- Usually it would be endothermic

- Usually, nitrogen monoxide is produced in
normal temperature and pressure, it also has
the same amount of mole, and its states are
the same. Therefore, it would have no change
enthalpy.
- In this case, this reaction would be shifted to
the left.
- However, if we increase the heat, then the
reaction would be shifted to the right.
Reference
http://chemistry-reference.com/reaction.asp?rxnnum=315

https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090113013734AAaYUSb

https://carnotcycle.wordpress.com

http://science.marshall.edu/castella/chm212/chap19.pdf

http://www.ck12.org/chemistry/Spontaneous-and-Nonspontaneous-Reactions/lesson/Spontaneous-and-Nonspontaneous
-Reactions-CHEM/