HELMINTHS -- 1.

Nematode

Name Disease Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Transmission Adult habitat Notes

Intestinal Nematode
Ascaris Ascariasis Pneumonitis, Exam. of stool Albendazole, Contaminated Small Intestine -Must enter lung
Lumbricoides Loeffler's for egg(thick cell mebendazole food, soil -Pass intestine
(Roundworm) Syndrome wall) (infected egg) twice
Trichuris Trichuriasis Light whipworm Exam. of stool Albendazole, Contaminated Large Intestine
trichiura infection, for egg (bipolar Mebendazole food, soil
(Whipworm) prolapse rectum shaped) (Infected egg)
Hookworms Hookworm Intestinal phase, Exam. of stool Albendazole, Skin penetration Small Intestine -wear shoes
- Necator Infection iron deficiency for egg(thin cell Mebendazole, by infective -Prolong
americanus, anemia, wall) -Harada iron replacement filariform larvae migration causes
Ancylostoma hypoproteinemia Mori, charcoal therapy Cutaneous
duodenale culture Larvae Migration
Strongyloides Strongyloidiasis Loeffler's Exam. of stool Albendazole, Skin Penetration Small Intestine -Egg hatches
Stercoralis syndrome, for egg, ELISA Thiabendazole by infective very fast
(Threadworm) intestinal phase test filariform larvae -Wear shoes
Enterobius Enterobiasis Pruritus ani Scotch tape Albendazole , Ingestion Large intestine -D-shaped Egg
vermicularis (itchy bottom- technique - Mebendazole (Infected egg)
(Pinworm) Perianal region) detect egg
Blood Nematode(Filarial Worm)
Brugia Malayai Lymphatic Acute-Inflam. Blood test - for Albendazole Mosquito bite Lymphatic -Brugia: Body
filariasis Chronic: microfilariae (single dose) with (Infective stage 3 system kinky curve
Wucherenia (Elephantiasis) Lymphoedema DEC or Ivermectin larvae) -Wucherenia:
bancrofti (Elephantiasis) Body smooth c.
Tissue Nematode
Trichinella Trichinosis Myalgia, Muscle biopsy, Mebendazole Contaminated Encysted larvae -Cook meet at
spiralis tenderness, autopsy, with DEC or food, soil in Muscle tissue 77 degree
palpebral serology Lvermectin (Infected egg) Celsius
oedema,
eosinophilia
2. Cestode(Tapeworm)

Name Disease(s) Clinical signs Diagnosis Treatment Transmission Adult Notes

habitat/habitat
Taenia Saginata Taeniasis No symptoms / Exam. of stool for Praziquantel Under-cooked Small Intestine -Adult has less
(Beef tapeworm) abdominal egg segments and beef (Infective problem
discomfort scolex(head) larvae- -Larvae causes
cysticercus) more problem
Taenia Solium Taeniasis (Human No symptoms or Exam. of stool for Praziquantel Under-cooked Small Intestine -less severe
(pork tapeworm) is the definitive some abdomnal egg, segments pork(Infective
host) discomfort and scolex(head) larvae)
Cysticercosis Neurocysticercosis Serology, Praziquantel , Ingestion of Various organs, -More severe
(Human is Ocular MRI, Surgical infective eggs bladder
intermediate cysticercosis, CT Scan , Therapy
hose) subcutaneous X-ray
cysticercosis
Diphyllobothrium Diphyllobothriasis Mild clinical Exam. of stool for Praziquantel, Consumption of Small intestine -Compete with
latum features, -operculated Vitamin B12 under-cooked host for vitamin
(Broad fish Megaloblastic eggs, uterus should be fish (Infective B12
tapeworm) anemia coiled in rosette given plerocercoid -Egg is yellow
appearance larva) brown and oval
segments or in shape
spatulated scolex
Echinococcus Unilocular Brain-focal Radiology, Syrgical Ingestion of Liver, lung,
granulosus hydatid disease epilepsy serology Therapy Infective eggs kidney and brain
(Dog tapeworm) (Echinococcosis Lung - chestpain, (Praziquantel (Hydatid cyst)
) cough, dyspnea inactive)
3. Trematode(Flukes)

Blood Trematode
Name Disease Clinical signs Diagnosis Treatment Transmission Habitat
Schistosoma Schistosomiasis Intestinal - bloody Identification of Praziquantel Skin penetration S. haematobium S. Japonicum -
-S. diarrhea, abdominal eggs visible in (free leaving -Veins of urinary V. of small
haematobium pain and lethargy feaces or urine cercaria) bladder plexus intestine
-S. mansoni Pain on urination -rectal, liver , S.mansoni -Very specific
-S. japonicum and blood in urine bladder biopsies, V. draining large to host
(S. haematobium) ultrasonography, intestine
serology
Liver Trematode
Clonorchis Clonorchiasis Bile duct -Exam. of the Praziquantel Consumption of Bile duct -1st
sinensis, /Opisthorchiasis obstruction stool under-cooked intermdiate
Opishorcis ,Jaundice -Serology fresh water fish hose snail
viverrini obstruction (Metacercarie) (Cercarie)
-Pancreatitis -2nd interme.
-Recurrent host fresh
cholangitis, water fish
Cholangiocarcinoma (Metacercarie)
Intestinal Trematode
Fasciolopsis Fasiolopsis Abdomnal pain, Exam. of the Praziquantel Consumption of Intestine -1st Snail
buski diarrhea, stool under-cooked (Metacercariae -2nd Water
haemorrhage water plants in water plants) Plant
Lung Trematode
Paragonimus Paragonimiasis Pulmonary disease -Exam. of the Praziquantel Cinsumption of Lung -Rusty-brown
westermani stool under-cooked (Metacercariae particle(eggs)
-Serology crad/crayfish in crustacean) due to egg
-Radiology discharge