Cloze Test I

Cell phones are almost as common as pocket change these days. It seems nearly

everyone, including an increasing number of children, ___1___ a cell phone

wherever they go. Cell phones are now ___2___ they are surpassing landlines

as the primary form of telecommunication for many people. Yet, as cell-phone

use ___3___, so does concern about the possible health risks of prolonged

exposure to cell-phone radiation. Wireless cell phones ___4___ signals via

radio frequency (RF), the same kind of low-frequency radiation used in

microwave ovens and AM/FM radios. Scientists ___5___ for years that large

doses of high-frequency radiationthe kind used in X-rayscauses cancer, but

less is understood about the risks of low-frequency radiation. Studies on the

health risks of cell-phone use have produced mixed results, but scientists and

medical experts warn that people should not assume no risk exists. Cell phones

have been widely available for only the past 10 years or so, but tumors may take

twice that long to develop.

1. 1. to carry
2. has carried
3. carries
4. can carry
5. to be carried
2. 1. so popular and convenient that
2. such popularity and convenience that
3. too popular and convenient to be
4. more popular and convenient than
5. the most popular and convenient

3. 1. continuing to grow
2. should have continued to grow
3. has continued to grow
4. to be continued to grow
5. continues to grow

4. 1. transmission
2. transmit
3. to be transmitted
4. transmitting
5. has transmitted

5. 1. to have known
2. having known
3. can have been known
4. have known
5. have been known
Cloze Test II

Ebola is more-or-less the same as it was in 1976, when it was discovered, said

Ian Jones, professor of virology at the University of Reading in the U.K. Most

viruses, once theyve established a way of life, stick with it. No human virus is

known to have changed its mode of transmission. Viruses ___6___ yellow fever

that are transmitted by mosquitoes, or HIV that is transmitted by body fluids,

continue to be passed on in the same way. Ebolas transmission route ___7___

either. It is usually the result of close and direct physical ___8___ patients

infected body fluids, especially blood, faeces and vomit. ___9___ the virus can

also be transmitted indirectlyvia contaminated surfaces and objectsthat risk

is low and it can be lowered further by disinfection procedures. Ebola can

___10___ on dry surfaces, such as doorknobs, for several hours but is easily

killed.

6. 1. unlike

2. like
3. exception to
4. provided that
5. because of

7. 1. has been changed

2. has changed
3. have been changing
4. has to be changed
5. have to be changed
8. 1. contacting to
2. to contact with
3. contact to
4. contacting with
5. contact with

9. 1. Because
2. Therefore
3. While
4. Besides
5. Additionally

10. 1. survey
2. surround
3. surplus
4. survive
5. surmount
Cloze Test III

Plastic bags are not biodegradable. They ___11___ waterways, spoil the

landscape, and end up in landfills. ___12___, they take 1,000 years or more to

___13___ into ever smaller particles that continue to pollute the soil and water.

Plastic bags also pose a serious risk to birds and marine mammals ___14___.

Thousands die each year after swallowing or choking on discarded plastic bags.

Finally, producing plastic bags ___15___ millions of gallons of petroleum that

could be used for transportation or heating.

11. 1. destroy
2. facilitate
3. crack
4. clog
5. defame

12. 1. Interestingly
2. Approximately
3. Generally
4. Basically
5. Additionally
13. 1. break apart
2. break up
3. break out
4. break into
5. break down

14. 1. because they misunderstand them as prey

2. that often mistake them for food
3. due to the similar appearance to their food
4. thus we have to protect them as food
5. although they are the only creatures living there

15. 1. require
2. request
3. requite
4. requote
5. requiem