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LeonKnopoffandWilliamHutchinson
75
77
78
.06
.04
.02-
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 A
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 B
Figure 1. Probabilitiesof selecting samples of length 100 and having
varying fractions of two symbols from two infinitely large
pools having64%A/36%B(solid) and 75%A/25%B(dashed).
.010-
.008
.006
.004
.002
80
81
83
84
85
SWinterreise
I I I Schwanengesang
,I I Schone Mullerin
AllMajor
I I I I I I I I I I
2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7
ENTROPY
II I Sch6ne Millerin
I Schwanengesang
SWinterreise
1 I I- AllMinor
I I 1 I I I I I I I
2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7
ENTROPY
87
AllMajor
I i AllMinor
AllSchubert (1)
S' ? (2)
S"- ' (3)
I I I I I I I I I I
2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7
ENTROPY
88
89
90
92
93
1 [(1 +
H = log2e n=9 1/2 (A.4)
logPn)on]2
94
All
Die sch6ne Die Winter- Schwanen- Schubert
Miillerin reise gesang Major
C 690 256 259 1205
C# 40 16 21 77
D 601 260 228 1089
Eb 64 75 51 190
E 682 268 317 1267
F 357 153 249 759
F$ 121 19 45 185
G 865 293 259 1417
Ab 61 70 59 190
A 421 120 171 712
Bb 73 31 56 160
B 351 78 68 497
Total Number
of Notes 4326 1639 1783 7748
'J
All
Die sch6ne Die Winter- Schwanen- Schubert
Miillerin reise gesang Minor
A 150 485 271 906
Bb 8 67 28 103
B 154 278 118 550
C 128 304 132 564
C 34 39 51 124
D 116 206 108 430
Eb 11 73 33 117
E 291 426 325 1042
F 70 172 101 343
F# 21 46 33 100
G 82 117 60 259
G# 57 170 45 272
Total Number
of Notes 1122 2383 1305 4810
III
APPENDIX
The probabilitydensity for the log-normaldistributionis
1
w(x) = (cc/n)
W(X) exp I-cc[In(x/xo)12)
which is normalized;the mean is xo and the varianceis cc. We inte-
grate(w log w) dx from 0 to ooand get
H = logxo-%hlog(c/lr) + h.
Thus logxo- ?logrc is the relativeentropy of the continuous distribu-
tion. By inspection
J( 4 xo
OH=IXo
+4(-4
is the standarddeviationof the relative entropy.
96
97